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530:. All three, after ejection, would be propelled by small turbojet engine developed for target drones. With the exception of the Kaman design, the pilot would still be required to parachute to the ground after reaching a safety-point for rescue. The AERCAB project was terminated in the 1970s with the end of the Vietnam War. The Kaman design, in early 1972, was the only one which was to reach the hardware stage. It came close to being tested with a special landing-gear platform attached to the AERCAB ejection seat for first-stage ground take offs and landings with a test pilot.
923:), specifically from aircraft cockpits. The zero-zero capability was developed to help aircrews escape upward from unrecoverable emergencies during low-altitude and/or low-speed flight, as well as ground mishaps. Parachutes require a minimum altitude for opening, to give time for deceleration to a safe landing speed. Thus, prior to the introduction of zero-zero capability, ejections could only be performed above minimum altitudes and airspeeds. If the seat was to work from zero (aircraft) altitude, the seat would have to lift itself to a sufficient altitude.
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away from the stricken craft on a guide rail. Some operate like a standard ejector seat, by jettisoning the canopy, then deploying a drag chute into the airflow. That chute pulls the occupant out of the aircraft, either with the seat or following release of the seat straps, who then rides off the end of a rail extending far enough out to help clear the structure. In the case of the Space
Shuttle, the astronauts would have ridden a long, curved rail, blown by the wind against their bodies, then deployed their chutes after free-falling to a safe altitude.
818:", strikes the underside of the canopy and shatters it. The A-10 Thunderbolt II is equipped with canopy breakers on either side of its headrest in the event that the canopy fails to jettison. The T-6 is also equipped with such breakers if the MDC fails to detonate. In ground emergencies, a ground crewman or pilot can use a breaker knife attached to the inside of the canopy to shatter the transparency. The A-6 Intruder and EA-6B Prowler seats were capable of ejecting through the canopy, with canopy jettison a separate option if there is enough time.
898:
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514:(AERCAB) ejection seats (both terms have been used by the US military and defence industry), where after the pilot ejected, the ejection seat would fly them to a location far enough away from where they ejected to where they could safely be picked up. A Request for Proposals for concepts for AERCAB ejection seats were issued in the late 1960s. Three companies submitted papers for further development: A
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secondary handle in the front of the seat to allow ejection even when pilots weren't able to reach upwards because of high g-force. Later (e.g. in Martin Baker's MK9) the top handle was discarded because the lower handle had proven easier to operate and the technology of helmets had advanced to also protect from the air blast.
763:. In order to make this work, the pilot was equipped with "spurs" which were attached to cables that would pull the legs inward so the pilot could be ejected. Following this development, some other egress systems began using leg retractors as a way to prevent injuries to flailing legs, and to provide a more stable
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supersonic bombers. These seats were enclosed in an air-operated clamshell, which permitted the aircrew to escape at airspeeds and altitudes high enough to otherwise cause bodily harm. These seats were designed to allow the pilot to control the plane even with the clamshell closed, and the capsule
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Drag
Extraction is the lightest and simplest egress system available, and has been used on many experimental aircraft. Halfway between simply "bailing out" and using explosive-eject systems, Drag Extraction uses the airflow past the aircraft (or spacecraft) to move the aviator out of the cockpit and
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The "standard" ejection system operates in two stages. First, the entire canopy or hatch above the aviator is opened, shattered, or jettisoned, and the seat and occupant are launched through the opening. In most earlier aircraft this required two separate actions by the aviator, while later egress
611:
K-36DM ejection seat and the pilot is wearing the КО-15 protective gear, they are able to eject at airspeeds from 0 to 1,400 kilometres per hour (870 mph) and altitudes of 0 to 25 km (16 mi or about 82,000 ft). The K-36DM ejection seat features drag chutes and a small shield that
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Similarly, two of the six ejection seats on the B-52 Stratofortress fire downward, through hatch openings on the bottom of the aircraft; the downward hatches are released from the aircraft by a thruster that unlocks the hatch, while gravity and wind remove the hatch and arm the seat. The four seats
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As of 20 June 2011 – when two
Spanish Air Force pilots ejected over San Javier airport – the number of lives saved by Martin-Baker products was 7,402 from 93 air forces. The company runs a club called the "Ejection Tie Club" and gives survivors a unique tie and lapel pin. The total figure
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was the first aircraft to be fitted with a rocket-propelled seat. Martin-Baker developed a similar design, using multiple rocket units feeding a single nozzle. The greater thrust from this configuration had the advantage of being able to eject the pilot to a safe height even if the aircraft was on
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line of aircraft) use Canopy
Destruct systems, which have an explosive cord (MDC – Miniature Detonation Cord or FLSC – Flexible Linear Shaped Charge) embedded within the acrylic plastic of the canopy. The MDC is initiated when the eject handle is pulled, and shatters the canopy over the seat a few
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The ACES II ejection seat is used in most
American-built fighters. The A-10 uses connected firing handles that activate both the canopy jettison systems, followed by the seat ejection. The F-15 has the same connected system as the A-10 seat. Both handles accomplish the same task, so pulling either
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at an altitude of 80,000 ft (24,000 m). The pilot was recovered successfully, but the launch control officer drowned after a water landing. Despite these records, most ejections occur at fairly low speeds and altitudes, when the pilot can see that there is no hope of regaining aircraft
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canopy quickly for a successful parachute descent, so that proper deployment of the parachute no longer relies on airspeed and altitude. The seat cannon clears the seat from the aircraft, then the under-seat rocket pack fires to lift the seat to altitude. As the rockets fire for longer than the
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Early seats used a solid propellant charge to eject the pilot and seat by igniting the charge inside a telescoping tube attached to the seat. As aircraft speeds increased still further, this method proved inadequate to get the pilot sufficiently clear of the airframe. Increasing the amount of
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Early models of the ejection seat were equipped with only an overhead ejection handle which doubled in function by forcing the pilot to assume the right posture and by having them pull a screen down to protect both their face and oxygen mask from the subsequent air blast. Martin Baker added a
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The minimal ejection altitude for ACES II seat in inverted flight is about 140 feet (43 m) above ground level at 150 KIAS, while the
Russian counterpart – K-36DM has the minimal ejection altitude from inverted flight of 100 feet (30 m) AGL. When an aircraft is equipped with the
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C tugs in a heavy snow-shower. At 7,875 ft (2,400 m), Schenk found he had no control, jettisoned his towline, and ejected. The He 280 was never put into production status. The first operational type built anywhere to provide ejection seats for the crew was the
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in 1940. One of the He 280 test pilots, Helmut Schenk, became the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat on 13 January 1942 after his control surfaces iced up and became inoperative. The fighter was being used in tests of the
370:
shells, were placed in the bottom of the pipes, facing upward. When fired, the gases would fill the pipes, "popping" the caps off the end, and thereby forcing the seat to ride up the pipes on its wheels and out of the aircraft. By the end of the war, the
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on the forward upper deck (two of them, EWO and Gunner, facing the rear of the airplane) fire upwards as usual. Any such downward-firing system is of no use on or near the ground if aircraft is in level flight at the time of the ejection.
433:
Air
Pageant in 1948, ejecting from a Meteor. Martin-Baker ejector seats were fitted to prototype and production aircraft from the late 1940s, and the first emergency use of such a seat occurred in 1949 during testing of the jet-powered
505:
became concerned about its pilots ejecting over hostile territory and those pilots either being captured or killed and the losses in men and aircraft in attempts to rescue them. Both services began a program titled
526:; and a mini-conventional fixed wing aircraft employing a Princeton Wing (i.e. a wing made of flexible material that rolls out and then becomes rigid by means of internal struts or supports etc. deploying) by
270:. Prior to this, the only means of escape from an incapacitated aircraft was to jump clear ("bail out"), and in many cases this was difficult due to injury, the difficulty of egress from a confined space,
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needed over the very short length on the cannon barrel within the seat. This limited the total energy, and thus the additional height possible, as otherwise the high forces needed would crush the pilot.
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481:. Six pilots have ejected at speeds exceeding 700 knots (1,300 km/h; 810 mph). The highest altitude at which a Martin-Baker seat was deployed was 57,000 ft (17,400 m) (from a
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aircraft as ejection may be necessary while the aircraft was in the hover, and jettisoning the canopy might result in the pilot and seat striking it. This system is also used in the
774:
Aircraft designed for low-level use sometimes have ejection seats which fire through the canopy, as waiting for the canopy to be ejected is too slow. Many aircraft types (e.g., the
626:
had ditched on launch and been cut in two by the carrier on 13 October 1954. Documented evidence also exists that pilots of the US and Indian navies have also performed this feat.
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362:, featured a new type of ejection seat, this time fired by an explosive cartridge. In this system, the seat rode on wheels set between two pipes running up the back of the
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Pilots have successfully ejected from underwater in a handful of instances, after being forced to ditch in water. The first recorded case was Lt. B. D. Macfarlane of the
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cannon, they do not require the same high forces. Zero-zero rocket seats also reduced forces on the pilot during any ejection, reducing injuries and spinal compression.
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located at the aft end of the fuselage presenting a hazard to a normal "bailout" escape—and a few late-war prototype aircraft were also fitted with ejection seats.
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on 27 February 1944, and the first real use occurred by Lt. Bengt
Johansson on 29 July 1946 after a mid-air collision between a J 21 and a J 22.
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A warning applied on the cockpit side of some aircraft using an ejection seat system intended especially for the maintenance and emergency crews
881:. In this system, very powerful rockets are used, and multiple large parachutes are used to bring the capsule down, in a manner similar to the
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jet. Shortly afterward, on 17 August 1946, 1st Sgt. Larry
Lambert was the first live U.S. ejectee. Lynch demonstrated the ejection seat at the
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After World War II, the need for such systems became pressing, as aircraft speeds were getting ever higher, and it was not long before the
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Modern zero-zero technology use small rockets to propel the seat upward to an adequate altitude and a small explosive charge to open the
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877:, do not have individual ejection seats, but instead, the entire section of the airframe containing the crew can be ejected as a single
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one suffices. The F-16 has only one handle located between the pilot's knees, since the cockpit is too narrow for side-mounted handles.
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of an aircraft (usually military) in an emergency. In most designs, the seat is propelled out of the aircraft by an explosive charge or
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No real life land vehicle has ever been fitted with an ejection seat, though it is a common trope in fiction. A notable example is the
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A zero-zero ejection seat is designed to safely extract upward and land its occupant from a grounded stationary position (i.e., zero
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366:. When lowered into position, caps at the top of the seat fitted over the pipes to close them. Cartridges, basically identical to
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In the early 1960s, deployment of rocket-powered ejection seats designed for use at supersonic speeds began in such planes as the
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The first live flight test of the Martin-Baker system took place on 24 July 1946, when fitter
Bernard Lynch ejected from a
970:. However, the seats were present in the prototype only, and were only available for the crew and not the passengers. The
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system designs, such as the Advanced Concept Ejection Seat model 2 (ACES II), perform both functions as a single action.
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569:. Western seats usually impose lighter loads on the pilots; 1960s–70s era Soviet technology often goes up to 20–22
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were planned to be fitted with K-36RB (K-36M-11F35) seats, but as the program was canceled, the seats were never used.
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were equipped with ejection seats which were automatically activated during at least some part of the flight envelope.
191:
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system is used to cushion the landing, and this also acts as a flotation device if the Crew Capsule lands in water.
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Non-standard egress systems include Downward Track (used for some crew positions in bomber aircraft, including the
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Through-Canopy Penetration is similar to Canopy Destruct, but a sharp spike on the top of the seat, known as the "
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53:
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The purpose of an ejection seat is pilot survival. The pilot typically experiences an acceleration of about 12–14
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247:(a dischargeable chair from an aircraft or other vehicle). It was successfully tested on 25 August 1929 at the
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2055:
1985:
1064:– discusses the 1949 Geneva Conventions on War, declaring it illegal to attack ejecting aircrew until they land
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It was theorised early on that ejection at supersonic speeds would be unsurvivable; extensive tests, including
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93:
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with an ejection seat. The system is similar to that of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft; however the main
288:. Early models were powered by compressed air and the first aircraft to be fitted with such a system was the
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748:), Canopy Destruct (CD) and Through-Canopy Penetration (TCP), Drag Extraction, Encapsulated Seat, and even
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In Sweden, a version using compressed air was tested in 1941. A gunpowder ejection seat was developed by
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1950:
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As the first operational military jet in late 1944 to ever feature one, the winner of the German
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when he successfully ejected under water using his Martin-Baker Mk.1 ejection seat after his
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2015:
1990:
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An Aviation Structural Mechanic works on an ejection seat removed from the cockpit of an
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CD and TCP systems cannot be used with canopies made of flexible materials, such as the
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2695:
2412:
1970:
1965:
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1522:
993:
989:
982:
981:, (LLRV) and its successor Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV), used ejection seats.
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960:
600:
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326:
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951:, which entered limited service with Russian forces in 1995, was the first production
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1975:
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1260:"flight july | expressat gatwick | a/r d/wl | 1948 | 1092 |"
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bomber in 1958). Following an accident on 30 July 1966 in the attempted launch of a
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1995:
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Nouveau système de montage des parachutes dans les appareils de locomotion aérienne
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1701:
Space Shuttle – The History of Developing the National Space Transportation System
1291:", Wings of Fame, Volume 8, AIRtime Publishing Inc., Westport, Connecticut, 1997,
239:
The modern layout for an ejection seat was first introduced by Romanian inventor
926:
These early seats were fired from the aircraft with a cannon, providing the high
2748:
2631:
2347:
2203:
1017:), but the seats were disabled and then removed as the crew size was increased.
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as it rolls into the carrier's catwalk after a brake failure on the deck of the
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354:"people's fighter" home defense jet fighter design competition; the lightweight
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42:
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2020:
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17:
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280:
The first ejection seats were developed independently during World War II by
263:. Dragomir patented his "catapult-able cockpit" at the French Patent Office.
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2010:
1980:
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The only commercial jetliner ever fitted with ejection seats was the Soviet
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milliseconds before the seat is launched. This system was developed for the
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for all types of ejection seats is unknown, but may be considerably higher.
502:
260:
229:
180:
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were equipped with a Downward Track ejection seat due to the hazard of the
708:
412:
202:
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2681:
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2193:
2110:
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2005:
1941:
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Bull, John O.; Serocki, Edward L.; McDowell, Howard L. (September 1966).
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Pilot ejecting from A-6 Intruder after failed aircraft carrier landing
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ejected on 6 May 1968, following Joe Algranti and Stuart M. Present.
905:
886:
767:. Some models of the F-104 were equipped with upward-ejecting seats.
760:
446:
propellant risked damaging the occupant's spine, so experiments with
336:
557:
1819:"A History of Military Aircraft Egress Systems (Part One of Three)"
393:
was broken. Manual escape at such speeds would be impossible. The
183:. Ejection seats are common on certain types of military aircraft.
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2213:
2065:
1014:
1010:
988:
The only spacecraft ever flown with installed ejection seats were
909:
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test subjects, were undertaken to determine that it was feasible.
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1383:"History of Research in Space Biology and Biodynamics 1946–1958"
832:
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rises between the pilot's legs to deflect air around the pilot.
1902:
1809:
861:
Encapsulated Seat egress systems were developed for use in the
224:-assisted escape from an aircraft took place in 1910. In 1916,
641:
36:
1626:"The history and developments of Martin-Baker escape systems"
1009:, were with a crew of two, both provided with ejector seats (
397:
experimented with downward-ejecting systems operated by a
179:) Once clear of the aircraft, the ejection seat deploys a
171:, carrying the pilot with it. The concept of an ejectable
1631:. Martin-Baker. pp. 4, 17, 19, 36–37. Archived from
1481:
ejection-history.org.uk Aircraft by Type: Westland Wyvern
974:
was a production model, and did not have ejection seats.
963:
to jettison the blades moments before the seat is fired.
1881:"Compilation of Data on Crew Emergency Escape Systems"
577:
of vertebrae are a recurrent side effect of ejection.
553:
on 2 July 1970. The pilot was recovered by helicopter.
573:(with SM-1 and KM-1 gunbarrel-type ejection seats).
378:—primarily from it having a rear-mounted engine (of
277:, the airflow past the aircraft, and other factors.
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2757:
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2586:
2421:
2287:
2124:
1940:
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1387:
Historical Division, Office of Information Services
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
30:"Ejector seat" redirects here. For other uses, see
1728:Terry, Gerard (August–November 1984). "Talkback".
1868:"In Pictures: A Potted History Of Ejection Seats"
1831:"IN PICTURES: Lethbridge CF-18 jet fighter crash"
1049:Further information on the flight simulator:
972:Tu-144 that crashed at the Paris Air Show in 1973
501:Late in the Vietnam War, the U.S. Air Force and
1316:. Hearst Magazines. September 1969. p. 90.
1003:Early flights of the Space Shuttle, which used
1914:
1703:. Dennis R. Jenkins Publishing. p. 272.
883:Launch Escape System of the Apollo spacecraft
8:
1289:Lockheed's Blackbirds: A-12, YF-12 and SR-71
1138:He later changed his surname to Järkenstedt.
724:Capt. Christopher Stricklin ejects from his
603:fighters ejected after a mid-air collision.
312:turbojets removed, and was towed aloft from
806:The ACES II Ejection seat commonly used on
676:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1921:
1907:
1899:
1572:"PARIS: Martin-Baker seats save in Spain"
1162:. Ejection-history.org.uk. Archived from
696:Learn how and when to remove this message
595:were unintentionally demonstrated at the
542:Lt. (j.g.) William Belden ejects from an
243:in the late 1920s. The design featured a
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1393:, Air Research and Development Command,
1328:"1972 | 0502 | Flight Archive"
1188:. New York: Galahad Books. p. 363.
1046:, which had an ejecting passenger seat.
1771:Martin Baker Mk 1 ejection seat drawing
1760:Martin Baker Mk 1 ejection seat drawing
1151:
1119:
870:would float in case of water landings.
599:on 24 July 1993 when the pilots of two
498:control before impact with the ground.
1886:. Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory
1817:Kalei, Kalikiano (February 27, 2008).
1751:
1428:"The Mig-29 crash at Fairford Airbase"
732:ejection seat on 14 September 2003 at
343:. The first test in the air was on a
318:central test facility of the Luftwaffe
1495:. The Ejection Site. April 15, 1997.
1126:Patent no. 678566, of April 2, 1930,
7:
1391:Air Force Missile Development Center
674:adding citations to reliable sources
65:adding citations to reliable sources
873:Some aircraft designs, such as the
736:, Idaho. Stricklin was not injured.
512:Aerial Escape and Rescue Capability
159:is a system designed to rescue the
1541:"Navy's first underwater ejection"
25:
835:naval fighter planes such as the
508:Air Crew Escape/Rescue Capability
232:, patented an ejector seat using
1765:
1574:. Flight Global. June 21, 2011.
1330:. Flightglobal.com. 1972-03-02.
1266:. Flightglobal.com. 1948-07-15.
1186:The Warplanes of the Third Reich
1031:fitted with ejection seats. The
646:
382:powering the design) powering a
266:The design was perfected during
41:
27:Emergency aircraft escape system
1681:from the original on 2013-04-03
1656:from the original on 2012-12-28
1650:"Watch Neil Armstrong Narrowly"
1607:from the original on 2016-11-02
1578:from the original on 2016-10-31
1553:from the original on 2016-10-31
1499:from the original on 2012-04-07
1463:from the original on 2016-10-31
1434:from the original on 2018-02-06
1409:from the original on 2015-05-01
1363:from the original on 2016-10-31
1334:from the original on 2012-11-02
1270:from the original on 2012-11-06
1241:from the original on 2011-09-27
1216:from the original on 2012-07-16
308:development. It had its usual
52:needs additional citations for
2831:In-flight entertainment system
2528:Horizontal situation indicator
1842:Bennett, Michael (1980–2014).
979:Lunar Landing Research Vehicle
1:
1517:Pasricha, Vinod (June 1986).
395:United States Army Air Forces
32:Ejector seat (disambiguation)
2811:Environmental control system
1797:"Safety for Service Aircrew"
1722:General and cited references
1734:. No. 25. p. 79.
1699:Jenkins, Dennis R. (1999).
339:and tested in 1943 for the
212:ejection seat test using a
2908:
2877:Aircraft emergency systems
2488:Course deviation indicator
2179:Electro-hydraulic actuator
1808:Coyne, Kevin (1996–2003).
1048:
518:design by Bell Systems; a
452:Convair F-102 Delta Dagger
436:Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52
175:has also been tried. (See
29:
2719:Conventional landing gear
1764:
1759:
1453:"Ejection seat К-36D-3,5"
904:DM Ejection seat used on
828:canopy used on the F-16.
455:or very near the ground.
401:, but it was the work of
2503:Flight management system
1381:Bushnell, David (1958).
591:The capabilities of the
493:crew members ejected at
479:Convair F-106 Delta Dart
320:in Germany by a pair of
316:Erprobungsstelle Rechlin
2806:Emergency oxygen system
2568:Turn and slip indicator
2363:Leading-edge droop flap
2333:Drag-reducing aerospike
2308:Adaptive compliant wing
2303:Active Aeroelastic Wing
1395:Holloman Air Force Base
1357:Naval Historical Center
1184:Green, William (1986).
1062:Attacks on parachutists
893:Zero-zero ejection seat
808:United States Air Force
785:Hawker Siddeley Harrier
332:night fighter in 1942.
255:and in October 1929 at
228:, an early inventor of
207:United States Air Force
2846:Passenger service unit
2647:Self-sealing fuel tank
2543:Multi-function display
1546:The New Indian Express
1430:. Sirviper.com. 2006.
1073:Dynamic response index
1029:Space Shuttle orbiters
912:
875:General Dynamics F-111
858:
811:
737:
713:
562:
554:
474:
420:
217:
199:
144:
143:Various ejection seats
2826:Ice protection system
2744:Tricycle landing gear
2734:Landing gear extender
1951:Aft pressure bulkhead
1519:"Aircraft Underwater"
1493:"Underwater Ejection"
900:
849:
805:
723:
711:
575:Compression fractures
560:
541:
461:
450:began. In 1958, the
425:Gloster Meteor Mk III
415:
409:that proved crucial.
205:
194:
142:
2791:Auxiliary power unit
2199:Flight control modes
1801:Flight International
1789:Flight International
1549:. 4 September 2009.
1287:Crickmore, Paul F. "
1083:Launch escape system
1033:Buran-class orbiters
755:Early models of the
670:improve this section
322:Messerschmitt Bf 110
198:WY6AM ejection seat.
61:improve this article
2887:Romanian inventions
2770:Escape crew capsule
2677:War emergency power
2548:Pitot–static system
2393:Variable-sweep wing
2101:Vertical stabilizer
1810:"The Ejection Site"
1803:. 16 December 1965.
1791:. 14 November 1952.
1675:"The Ejection Site"
1597:"Ejection Tie Club"
1353:"Photo #: NH 90350"
746:B-52 Stratofortress
416:Seat on display at
173:escape crew capsule
2478:Attitude indicator
2458:Airspeed indicator
2453:Aircraft periscope
1844:"Ejection History"
1835:The Globe and Mail
1785:"Up, Out and Down"
1652:. 27 August 2012.
1027:were the only two
959:are equipped with
913:
859:
812:
738:
714:
563:
555:
475:
421:
418:RAF Museum Cosford
249:Paris-Orly Airport
218:
200:
145:
2859:
2858:
2786:Aircraft lavatory
2523:Heading indicator
2468:Annunciator panel
2448:Air data computer
2358:Leading-edge cuff
1780:
1779:
1359:. 16 April 2001.
1314:Popular Mechanics
1114:Explanatory notes
1103:Ejection Tie Club
1088:Airborne lifeboat
885:. On landing, an
797:F-35 Lightning II
765:center of gravity
757:F-104 Starfighter
734:Mountain Home AFB
728:aircraft with an
706:
705:
698:
597:Fairford Air Show
448:rocket propulsion
304:impulse jets for
241:Anastase Dragomir
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2899:
2841:Navigation light
2821:Hydraulic system
2796:Bleed air system
2724:Drogue parachute
2398:Vortex generator
2016:Interplane strut
1923:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1875:
1863:
1858:. Archived from
1847:
1838:
1837:. July 23, 2010.
1826:
1813:
1804:
1792:
1769:
1768:
1752:
1743:
1715:
1714:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1525:. Archived from
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1156:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1068:Caterpillar Club
1044:James Bond films
1040:Aston Martin DB5
701:
694:
690:
687:
681:
650:
642:
528:Fairchild Hiller
405:and his company
384:pusher propeller
380:the twin engines
226:Everard Calthrop
214:Crash test dummy
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2851:Ram air turbine
2816:Flight recorder
2774:
2753:
2686:
2667:Thrust reversal
2591:
2582:
2553:Radar altimeter
2518:Head-up display
2428:
2417:
2313:Anti-shock body
2295:
2283:
2144:Artificial feel
2126:Flight controls
2120:
1986:Fabric covering
1936:
1932:components and
1927:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:. Oct 28, 2016.
1866:
1850:
1841:
1829:
1816:
1807:
1795:
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1727:
1724:
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1711:
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1303:
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1217:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1058:
1053:
961:explosive bolts
945:
895:
837:Yakovlev Yak-38
702:
691:
685:
682:
667:
651:
640:
624:Westland Wyvern
593:NPP Zvezda K-36
536:
470:John C. Stennis
327:Heinkel He 219
306:V-1 flying bomb
245:parachuted cell
189:
133:
122:
116:
113:
76:"Ejection seat"
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2905:
2903:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2872:Ejection seats
2864:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Landing lights
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2758:Escape systems
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2696:arresting gear
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Splitter plate
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2584:
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2545:
2540:
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2515:
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2500:
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2405:
2400:
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2305:
2299:
2297:
2285:
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2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
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2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1971:Cruciform tail
1968:
1966:Crack arrestor
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1876:
1864:
1862:on 2007-10-07.
1848:
1839:
1827:
1823:Authorsden.com
1814:
1805:
1793:
1778:
1777:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1755:External image
1749:
1748:External links
1746:
1745:
1744:
1731:Air Enthusiast
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1691:
1666:
1641:
1638:on 2013-09-03.
1617:
1588:
1563:
1532:
1529:on 2014-09-23.
1523:Bharat Rakshak
1509:
1484:
1473:
1444:
1419:
1397:. p. 56.
1389:. New Mexico:
1373:
1344:
1319:
1301:
1280:
1251:
1226:
1201:
1194:
1176:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1054:
983:Neil Armstrong
968:Tupolev Tu-144
944:
943:Other vehicles
941:
894:
891:
852:escape capsule
704:
703:
654:
652:
645:
639:
638:Egress systems
636:
582:Project Whoosh
535:
532:
524:Kaman Aircraft
373:Dornier Do 335
356:Heinkel He 162
310:Heinkel HeS 8A
290:Heinkel He 280
234:compressed air
188:
185:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
18:Ejection seats
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2904:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:Other systems
2777:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:Ejection seat
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Arrestor hook
2707:
2705:
2704:Aircraft tire
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
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2648:
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2559:
2556:
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2551:
2549:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Glass cockpit
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Air data boom
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
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2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Rudder pedals
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
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2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Trailing edge
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Stressed skin
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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2002:
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1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
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1935:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1872:Aviation Week
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
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1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:Flight Global
1772:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1710:0-9633974-4-3
1706:
1702:
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1348:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:1-880588-23-4
1294:
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1284:
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1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1195:0-88365-666-3
1191:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1166:on 2010-11-22
1165:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Pressure suit
1096:
1094:
1091:
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1079:
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1016:
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1008:
1007:
1001:
999:
998:Space Shuttle
995:
991:
986:
984:
980:
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969:
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918:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
868:
867:B-70 Valkyrie
864:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
826:polycarbonate
824:
819:
817:
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804:
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790:
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689:
679:
675:
671:
665:
664:
660:
655:This section
653:
649:
644:
643:
637:
635:
631:
627:
625:
621:
620:Fleet Air Arm
618:
613:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
559:
552:
551:
545:
540:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
499:
496:
492:
491:Lockheed M-21
488:
484:
480:
472:
471:
465:
464:EA-6B Prowler
460:
456:
453:
449:
443:
441:
438:experimental
437:
432:
431:
430:Daily Express
426:
419:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:sound barrier
387:
385:
381:
377:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
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197:
193:
186:
184:
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174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
153:ejection seat
150:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2801:Deicing boot
2764:
2729:Landing gear
2672:Townend ring
2662:Thrust lever
2637:NACA cowling
2602:Autothrottle
2594:fuel systems
2592:devices and
2383:Stall strips
2353:Krueger flap
2323:Channel wing
2269:Wing warping
2259:Stick shaker
2254:Stick pusher
2174:Dual control
2159:Centre stick
2026:Leading edge
1996:Flying wires
1956:Cabane strut
1888:. Retrieved
1871:
1860:the original
1856:Martin-Baker
1834:
1822:
1800:
1788:
1729:
1700:
1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1669:
1658:. Retrieved
1644:
1633:the original
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1601:Martin-Baker
1591:
1580:. Retrieved
1566:
1555:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1527:the original
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1487:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1386:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1347:
1336:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1310:"A Hot Seat"
1304:
1288:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1237:. Canit.se.
1229:
1218:. Retrieved
1212:. Canit.se.
1204:
1185:
1179:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1154:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1037:
1023:
1018:
1005:
1002:
987:
976:
965:
946:
933:
925:
914:
872:
863:B-58 Hustler
860:
856:B-58 Hustler
841:
830:
820:
813:
793:T-6 Texan II
773:
769:
754:
750:Crew Capsule
743:
739:
715:
692:
683:
668:Please help
656:
632:
628:
614:
605:
590:
579:
570:
564:
549:
544:A-4E Skyhawk
534:Pilot safety
516:Rogallo wing
511:
507:
500:
476:
469:
444:
428:
422:
407:Martin-Baker
403:James Martin
388:
375:
359:
351:
349:
334:
328:
315:
302:Argus As 014
279:
272:
268:World War II
265:
244:
238:
219:
196:Martin-Baker
177:B-58 Hustler
169:rocket motor
157:ejector seat
156:
152:
146:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2749:Tundra tire
2632:Intake ramp
2563:Transponder
2348:Gurney flap
2289:Aerodynamic
2204:Fly-by-wire
2086:Triple tail
1852:"Mk10 seat"
949:Kamov Ka-50
850:Crewmember
816:shell tooth
440:flying wing
294:jet-engined
2866:Categories
2739:Oleo strut
2627:Inlet cone
2622:Gascolator
2588:Propulsion
2578:Yaw string
2573:Variometer
2429:instrument
2408:Wing fence
2343:Gouge flap
2318:Blown flap
2274:Yaw damper
2249:Stabilator
2234:Side-stick
2169:Dive brake
2056:Stabilizer
2031:Lift strut
2021:Jury strut
1685:2013-05-15
1660:2013-05-15
1611:2016-10-31
1582:2016-10-31
1557:2016-10-31
1503:2012-04-20
1467:2016-10-31
1457:NPP Zvezda
1438:2018-11-18
1413:2014-05-17
1403:B0019QSQ1E
1367:2016-10-31
1338:2012-10-30
1274:2012-10-30
1245:2012-10-30
1220:2012-10-30
1170:2012-10-30
1078:Escape pod
1024:Enterprise
996:, and the
953:helicopter
787:family of
617:Royal Navy
609:NPP Zvezda
586:chimpanzee
550:Shangri-La
522:design by
520:gyrocopter
487:D-21 drone
352:Volksjäger
292:prototype
230:parachutes
210:F-15 Eagle
87:newspapers
2714:Autobrake
2642:NACA duct
2617:Fuel tank
2607:Drop tank
2590:controls,
2473:Astrodome
2463:Altimeter
2328:Dog-tooth
2293:high-lift
2244:Spoileron
2229:Servo tab
2209:Gust lock
2164:Deceleron
2149:Autopilot
2106:Wing root
2091:Twin tail
2076:Tailplane
2011:Hardpoint
1981:Empennage
1944:structure
1740:0143-5450
1299:, page 90
1146:Citations
1042:from the
936:parachute
919:and zero
657:does not
548:USS
503:U.S. Navy
495:Mach 3.25
468:USS
261:Bucharest
181:parachute
163:or other
2882:Rocketry
2682:Wet wing
2657:Throttle
2403:Vortilon
2264:Trim tab
2194:Flaperon
2184:Elevator
2139:Airbrake
2111:Wing tip
2036:Longeron
2006:Fuselage
1942:Airframe
1930:Aircraft
1679:Archived
1654:Archived
1605:Archived
1576:Archived
1551:Archived
1497:Archived
1461:Archived
1432:Archived
1407:Archived
1361:Archived
1332:Archived
1268:Archived
1239:Archived
1214:Archived
1093:Lifeboat
1056:See also
1019:Columbia
1006:Columbia
921:airspeed
917:altitude
778:and the
776:BAE Hawk
686:May 2013
483:Canberra
149:aircraft
117:May 2013
2692:Landing
2483:Compass
2431:systems
2423:Avionic
2413:Winglet
2296:devices
2239:Spoiler
2134:Aileron
2116:Wingbox
2041:Nacelle
1991:Fairing
1934:systems
1890:1 April
1235:"Moved"
1210:"Moved"
1160:"1910s"
928:impulse
879:capsule
854:from a
831:Soviet
780:Harrier
730:ACES II
678:removed
663:sources
466:aboard
368:shotgun
364:cockpit
345:Saab 17
341:Saab 21
297:fighter
282:Heinkel
259:, near
257:Băneasa
187:History
101:scholar
2427:flight
2388:Strake
2219:Rudder
2189:Elevon
2154:Canard
2096:V-tail
2071:T-tail
2001:Former
1961:Canopy
1738:
1707:
1401:
1295:
1264:Flight
1192:
1051:G-seat
994:Gemini
990:Vostok
957:rotors
906:MiG-29
887:airbag
761:T-tail
601:MiG-29
489:, two
399:spring
337:Bofors
275:forces
222:bungee
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2892:Seats
2612:FADEC
2498:EICAS
2373:Slats
2214:HOTAS
2066:Strut
1884:(PDF)
1636:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1109:Notes
1015:STS-4
1011:STS-1
910:Su-30
823:Lexan
584:with
376:Pfeil
360:Spatz
253:Paris
251:near
161:pilot
151:, an
108:JSTOR
94:books
2694:and
2558:TCAS
2538:ISIS
2493:EFIS
2438:ACAS
2425:and
2378:Slot
2338:Flap
2291:and
2279:Yoke
2051:Spar
1976:Dope
1892:2023
1736:ISSN
1705:ISBN
1399:ASIN
1293:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1021:and
977:The
947:The
902:K-36
865:and
833:VTOL
810:jets
795:and
789:VTOL
726:F-16
661:any
659:cite
314:the
286:SAAB
284:and
165:crew
80:news
2533:INS
2513:GPS
2368:LEX
2046:Rib
1773:by
1013:to
672:by
510:or
329:Uhu
155:or
147:In
63:by
2868::
1870:.
1854:.
1833:.
1821:.
1799:.
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1603:.
1599:.
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1312:.
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1000:.
992:,
908:,
799:.
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358:A
236:.
220:A
1922:e
1915:t
1908:v
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693:(
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684:(
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571:g
567:g
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273:g
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115:(
105:·
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34:.
20:)
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