1459:
222:
47:
395:, with 2154 looters' trenches cut into the mapped structures, averaging 2.54 trenches per structure. The looters unearthed thousands of burials and have left human remains, ceramics and other artifacts judged of lesser value scattered throughout the site. A great deal of damage was done by looters mistakenly looking for Classic Period burials in Preclassic structures, resulting in extensive digging when such burials were not found.
17:
496:
was deliberately mutilated during the Late
Classic, the surviving parts of Stela 1 depict two feet in profile above a band containing other elements. The stela measures 4.5 metres (15 ft) high, 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide and 0.4 metres (16 in) thick. It is judged to predate Tikal Stela 29 on stylistic grounds, the latter bears a Maya
411:, a Preclassic Maya innovation consisting of a dominant structure flanked by two smaller inward-facing buildings, all mounted upon a single basal platform. These triadic structures have been heavily looted. These extensive looters trenches have failed to locate any tombs or burials. One of the largest pyramids in the site core is a
304:(20 kilometres (12 mi) to the northeast). El Tintal is a sizeable site that includes some very large structures and it is one of the four largest sites in the northern Petén; it is the second largest site in the Mirador Basin, after El Mirador itself. El Tintal features monumental architecture dating to the
355:
analysis has revealed that El Tintal was most heavily occupied during the Late
Preclassic (300 BC – AD 150) and in the Late Classic. Preclassic ceramic finds are of a type found throughout the Mirador Basin, but Late Classic ceramics are of a type distinct from those found at other sites in the
403:
The
Mirador Basin Project mapped 9 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi) around the monumental architecture of El Tintal, recording 850 major structures reaching up to 50 metres (160 ft) high. Wide causeways connected various parts of the site, as well as connecting the city with a network of
495:
Stela 1 was recarved sometime before the Early
Classic Period, with elements of the earlier design surviving on the butt of the monument. The preserved designs on the butt include hundreds of carved lines and symbols forming graffiti in a style typical of Preclassic imagery in the region. The stela
467:
This complex consists of the civic centre of the city. It is completely surrounded by wide, deep ditch with an average width of 15 metres (49 ft), measuring up to 8 metres (26 ft) deep and with a total length of 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi). Due to the presence of
Preclassic residential
471:
The Mano de LeĂłn
Complex is the most heavily looted area of the city, with 945 looters' trenches mapped by the Mirador Basin Project. An important find in a heavily looted area to the southwest of the complex was that of a painted ceramic vessel in a modified Codex style and dating to around AD
343:
and only accessible by mule trails. The site occupies a hill, with four swampy areas within the site core. The swamps of the
Mirador Basin appear to have been the primary attraction for the first inhabitants of the area as evidenced by the unusual cluster of large cities clustered around them.
426:. The investigations consisted of the rescue excavation of one of the many looters' trenches at the site, the excavated trench having been cut through a 2-metre-high (6.6 ft) mound upon the 30-metre-high (98 ft) triadic pyramid. The looters' trench had revealed a broken red
468:
structures along the edge of the ditch, the ditch is believed to date from that period. The ditch was likely to have been defensive in nature although it is possible that it had other functions, such as supplying water or providing a social or political boundary within the city.
319:
The causeway system linking the sites of El Tintal, El
Mirador and Nakbé involved a significant labour investment and an enormous quantity of construction materials, indicating an accomplished engineering programme in the Preclassic Period.
822:; William Fowler Jr.; Elizabeth King; J. Fowler (June 1984). "Proyecto El Mirador de la Harvard University, 1982-1983: Las excavaciones" [The Harvard University El Mirador Project, 1982-1983: Excavations].
492:, it was found buried within a 2.5-metre (8.2 ft) structure near the northwest corner of the El Pavo pyramid in the Mano de LeĂłn complex. The stela stood in the plaza for centuries after being carved.
1458:
323:
Although the site's existence was known to archaeologists for decades, due to its remote location no thorough investigation of the site took place until 2004, when the
480:
stating that it was a drinking vessel belonging to Yopaat B'ahlam, an important lord who is named in a variety of texts from Late
Classic sites in the Mirador Basin.
832:. Antigua Guatemala: El Centro de Investigaciones Regionales de Mesoamérica (CIRMA) in conjunction with Plumsock Mesoamerican Studies, South Woodstock, VT: 14–32.
1023:
2261:
901:
252:
2256:
2251:
1057:
1151:
316:
recovered from the site date to the Late
Preclassic and Early Classic periods, and construction continued at the site in the Late Classic period.
1091:
Justeson, John S.; Peter Mathews (July 1983). "The Seating of the Tun: Further Evidence concerning a Late Preclassic Lowland Maya Stela Cult".
910:
II Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1988 (edited by J.P. Laporte, S. Villagrán, H. Escobedo, D. de González y J. Valdés)
1035:
866:
423:
1213:
LĂłpez, Francisco; Enrique Hernández; Gustavo MartĂnez; Thomas Schreiner; Marvin Prado (2014). B. Arroyo; L. MĂ©ndez Salinas; L. Paiz (eds.).
1273:
977:
939:
433:(Stela 1), which was first reported in 1979 to archaeologists of the El Mirador Project. The remains of the stela were resting upon a
364:
El Tintal was first visited by Heinrich Berlin in the 1950s but it was not until 1970 that test pits were excavated by archaeologists
1132:
1951:
566:
497:
448:
is located north of the triadic pyramid near the centre of the site and is the largest ballcourt yet found in the Maya lowlands.
160:
2266:
986:
VI Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1992 (edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo and S. Villagrán de Brady)
245:
1056:; Beatriz Balcárcel; Edgar Suyuc; HĂ©ctor E. MejĂa; Enrique Hernández; Gendry Valle; Stanley P. Guenter; Shannon Novak (2006).
2188:
1014:(1998). "Continuity and Disjunction: The Pre-Classic Antecedents of Classic Maya Architecture". In Stephen D. Houston (ed.).
192:
415:
estimated to have a height of 44 metres (144 ft) with a massive base measuring 105 by 78 metres (344 by 256 ft).
2167:
1765:
202:
2271:
1214:
207:
183:
1675:
1495:
197:
913:
2208:
2066:
1710:
1160:
XVIII Simposio de Investigaciones ArqueolĂłgicas en Guatemala, 2004 (edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo and H. MejĂa)
238:
126:
28:
948:
IV Simposio de Investigaciones ArqueolĂłgicas en Guatemala, 1990 (edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo and S. Brady)
1745:
1124:
1066:
XIX Simposio de Investigaciones ArqueolĂłgicas en Guatemala, 2005 (edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo and H. MejĂa)
86:
2193:
2086:
1266:
1740:
1560:
1423:
1069:
520:
This complex contains the largest pyramid at El Tintal, measuring 50 metres (160 ft) high and known as
305:
289:
285:
1163:
824:
46:
2101:
1555:
445:
377:
1848:
1298:
174:
336:
1680:
1480:
505:
1068:(in Spanish). Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa, Guatemala. pp. 739–751. Archived from
988:(in Spanish). Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa, Guatemala. pp. 100–107. Archived from
912:(in Spanish). Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa, Guatemala. pp. 163–178. Archived from
532:
This group has been heavily looted, with 508 looters' trenches mapped by the Mirador Basin Project.
504:
altar that had been displaced by the looters. The sandstone used for Stela 1 probably came from the
2246:
1428:
1259:
1196:"Proyecto ArqueolĂłgico El Tintal: Informe No. 2: Resultados de la segunda temporada de campo, 2015"
392:
281:
2036:
1162:(in Spanish). Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa, Guatemala. pp. 69–84. Archived from
940:"Proyecto Regional de Investigaciones Arqueológicas del Norte de Petén, Guatemala: Temporada 1990"
902:"Resultados preliminares de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Nakbe, Petén, Guatemala"
451:
A jade plaque has been recovered from El Tintal bearing a design very similar to a design from an
1976:
1373:
1282:
950:(in Spanish). Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa, Guatemala. pp. 1–28. Archived from
373:
226:
1735:
20:
View from the triadic pyramid at El Tintal, looking towards the pyramids of a neighbouring site.
388:
1. The Mirador Basin Project carried out the first systematic excavations at the site in 2004.
2226:
2001:
1510:
1313:
1138:
1128:
1053:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1011:
973:
935:
897:
862:
841:
833:
419:
381:
269:
96:
36:
942:[Northern Peten Regional Archaeological Exploration Project, Guatemala: 1990 season]
904:[Preliminary results from the archaeological exploration at Nakbe, Peten, Guatemala]
2203:
1715:
1645:
1485:
1408:
1100:
1015:
989:
951:
885:
509:
116:
1195:
309:
2071:
815:
412:
408:
169:
66:
1871:
1388:
473:
273:
101:
81:
799:
500:
date equivalent to a date in AD 292. El Tintal Stela 1 was associated with a circular
2240:
2041:
1961:
1530:
1338:
1112:
1016:
819:
356:
basin, suggesting cultural diversion as population levels fell after the Preclassic.
352:
324:
141:
121:
106:
76:
876:
Hammond, Norman (April 1982). "A Late Formative Period Stela in the Maya Lowlands".
1991:
1926:
1825:
1755:
1433:
1398:
980:[Archaeological investigation in the site of Nakbe, Peten: Recent studies]
369:
151:
146:
61:
56:
1971:
1941:
1725:
1353:
1117:
2198:
2180:
1931:
1916:
1886:
1795:
1760:
1730:
1720:
1670:
1635:
1625:
1505:
1448:
1378:
978:"Investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Nakbe, Petén: Los estudios recientes"
477:
430:
385:
111:
71:
2161:
2081:
2051:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1780:
1665:
1655:
1580:
1565:
1550:
1540:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1500:
1333:
1318:
1308:
1228:. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de ArqueologĂa y EtnologĂa: 81–94.
365:
340:
293:
136:
131:
1045:
837:
280:, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the modern-day settlement of
2146:
2076:
2011:
1956:
1936:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1535:
1467:
1383:
1142:
858:
501:
489:
456:
452:
427:
277:
91:
2151:
2096:
1996:
1358:
845:
512:
and implies unusual cultural contacts with this relatively distant region.
1215:"Resultados preliminares de las investigaciones en Tintal, temporada 2013"
1150:
Suyuc, Edgar; Beatriz Balcárcel; Francisco López; Silvia Alvarado (2005).
2061:
2056:
1901:
1896:
1843:
1835:
1815:
1785:
1685:
1615:
1490:
1475:
1413:
1363:
1348:
1303:
301:
16:
2213:
2141:
2031:
2016:
1881:
1866:
1820:
1775:
1705:
1700:
1600:
1575:
1545:
1438:
1418:
1393:
1368:
1323:
855:
The First Maya Civilization: Ritual and Power Before the Classic Period
418:
The site was investigated in 1990 under the direction of archaeologist
2136:
2131:
2121:
2026:
1981:
1858:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1750:
1620:
1590:
1585:
1443:
1403:
1343:
1328:
1290:
1154:[Excavations at the site of La Muerta, Mirador Basin, Peten]
434:
296:(20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north), to which it was linked by
1060:[Archaeological investigation at the site of Tintal, Peten]
1104:
889:
2126:
2111:
2106:
2091:
2046:
2021:
2006:
1986:
1966:
1891:
1810:
1770:
1695:
1690:
1630:
1605:
1595:
313:
297:
15:
2156:
2116:
1946:
1610:
1099:(3). Washington, DC: Society for American Archaeology: 586–593.
884:(2). Washington, DC: Society for American Archaeology: 396–403.
438:
1255:
1244:
472:
700–750, in the Late Classic. It bears depictions of the
1876:
1168:
1074:
994:
956:
918:
437:
floor, a large shell was found nearby surrounded by pieces of
1251:
691:
Hansen 1998, pp.77-78, 80. Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.253.
1152:"Excavaciones en el sitio La Muerta, Cuenca Mirador, Petén"
1058:"Investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Tintal, Petén"
1222:
Simposio de Investigaciones ArqueolĂłgicas en Guatemala
327:
Project carried out the first systematic excavations.
2179:
2168:
for more articles see Category:Maya sites in Mexico
1857:
1834:
1466:
1289:
567:
CONAP:Plan Maestro Parque Nacional Mirador-RĂo Azul
1116:
292:periods. It is close to the better known sites of
1194:Acuña, Mary Jane; Varinia Matute (January 2016).
1018:Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture
339:, in a remote area still covered by dense virgin
308:similar to that found at El Mirador, Nakbé and
1123:(6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA:
1024:Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
407:Two of the largest buildings at El Tintal are
1267:
768:
766:
747:
745:
666:
664:
662:
660:
246:
8:
678:
676:
636:Hansen 1992, p.1. Hansen et al 2006, p.740.
1274:
1260:
1252:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
253:
239:
23:
699:
697:
335:El Tintal is located in the north of the
1201:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala
800:Tikal at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
790:Hammond 1982, p.396. Hansen 1992, p.25.
540:
455:from the nearby Classic Period site of
384:carried out a rescue excavation around
182:
159:
35:
857:. Abingdon, Oxfordshire and New York:
781:Hansen 1991, p.174. Hansen 1992, p.25.
488:El Tintal Stela 1 was carved from red
1245:Homepage of the Mirador Basin Project
424:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
2262:Former populated places in Guatemala
272:archaeological site in the northern
760:Justeson & Mathews 1983, p.587.
404:other sites in the Mirador Basin.
14:
2257:Archaeological sites in Guatemala
853:Estrada-Belli, Francisco (2011).
591:Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.214.
1457:
284:, with settlement dating to the
220:
45:
730:Hansen et al 2006, pp.739, 741.
645:Hansen et al 2006, pp.741, 743.
2252:Maya sites in Petén Department
654:Hansen et al 2006, pp.740-741.
1:
184:Spanish conquest of the Maya
2288:
2224:
391:The site has been heavily
2222:
1455:
1125:Stanford University Press
1115:; Loa P. Traxler (2006).
772:Hansen et al 2006, p.745.
751:Hansen et al 2006, p.742.
682:Hansen et al 2006, p.741.
670:Hansen et al 2006, p.743.
627:Hansen et al 2006, p.740.
582:Estrada Belli 2011, p.50.
547:Hansen et al 2006, p.739.
372:, of the universities of
1093:Latin American Antiquity
878:Latin American Antiquity
556:Demarest 1984, pp.14-32.
27:This article is part of
739:Suyuc et al 2005, p.11.
2267:Maya Preclassic Period
721:Hansen 1992, p.22, 27.
380:respectively. In 1990
227:Mesoamerica portal
21:
1299:Actun Tunichil Muknal
175:Classic Maya collapse
19:
1481:Altar de Sacrificios
1022:. Washington, D.C.:
506:Altar de Sacrificios
463:Mano de LeĂłn complex
2272:Maya Classic Period
1171:online publication)
1077:online publication)
997:online publication)
959:online publication)
921:online publication)
573:Hansen 1993, p.100.
565:Hansen 1998, p.54.
337:department of Petén
1054:Hansen, Richard D.
1012:Hansen, Richard D.
974:Hansen, Richard D.
936:Hansen, Richard D.
898:Hansen, Richard D.
703:Hansen 1998, p.89.
618:Hansen 1998, p.75.
609:Hansen 1992, p.22.
409:triadic structures
22:
2234:
2233:
2227:Pre-Columbian era
2172:
1681:Motul de San José
1314:Barton Creek Cave
1113:Sharer, Robert J.
1037:978-0-88402-254-1
868:978-0-415-42994-8
712:Hansen 1992, p.1.
420:Richard D. Hansen
382:Richard D. Hansen
306:Middle Preclassic
263:
262:
38:Maya civilization
2279:
2164:
1716:Punta de Chimino
1486:Arroyo de Piedra
1461:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1146:
1122:
1119:The Ancient Maya
1108:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1063:
1049:
1021:
1007:
1005:
1004:
998:
983:
969:
967:
966:
960:
945:
931:
929:
928:
922:
907:
893:
872:
849:
816:Demarest, Arthur
802:
797:
791:
788:
782:
779:
773:
770:
761:
758:
752:
749:
740:
737:
731:
728:
722:
719:
713:
710:
704:
701:
692:
689:
683:
680:
671:
668:
655:
652:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
625:
619:
616:
610:
607:
592:
589:
583:
580:
574:
572:
563:
557:
554:
548:
545:
510:Usumacinta River
255:
248:
241:
225:
224:
223:
49:
39:
24:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2175:
1853:
1830:
1462:
1453:
1285:
1280:
1241:
1236:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1187:Further reading
1184:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1135:
1111:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1061:
1052:
1038:
1010:
1002:
1000:
992:
981:
972:
964:
962:
954:
943:
934:
926:
924:
916:
905:
896:
875:
869:
852:
820:Shearer, Robert
814:
810:
805:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
776:
771:
764:
759:
755:
750:
743:
738:
734:
729:
725:
720:
716:
711:
707:
702:
695:
690:
686:
681:
674:
669:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
635:
631:
626:
622:
617:
613:
608:
595:
590:
586:
581:
577:
570:
564:
560:
555:
551:
546:
542:
538:
530:
518:
516:La Isla complex
486:
465:
413:triadic pyramid
401:
362:
350:
333:
259:
221:
219:
212:
170:Preclassic Maya
37:
12:
11:
5:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2067:Plan de Ayutla
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:Piedras Negras
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:Marco Gonzalez
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:External links
1237:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1224:(in Spanish).
1210:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1147:
1133:
1109:
1105:10.2307/280565
1088:
1050:
1036:
1008:
970:
932:
894:
890:10.2307/279910
873:
867:
850:
828:(in Spanish).
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:
792:
783:
774:
762:
753:
741:
732:
723:
714:
705:
693:
684:
672:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
593:
584:
575:
558:
549:
539:
537:
534:
529:
528:Henequén Group
526:
517:
514:
508:region on the
485:
482:
474:Maya Maize God
464:
461:
400:
397:
361:
360:Modern history
358:
349:
346:
332:
329:
261:
260:
258:
257:
250:
243:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
178:
177:
172:
164:
163:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
33:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2284:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:Joya de Cerén
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Moral Reforma
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Dzibilchaltun
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Cotzumalhuapa
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Nohoch CheĘĽen
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1173:on 2011-07-07
1170:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:0-8047-4817-9
1130:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1079:on 2011-08-13
1076:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1009:
999:on 2011-07-07
996:
991:
987:
979:
975:
971:
961:on 2011-07-07
958:
953:
949:
941:
937:
933:
923:on 2011-07-07
920:
915:
911:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
870:
864:
860:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
801:
796:
793:
787:
784:
778:
775:
769:
767:
763:
757:
754:
748:
746:
742:
736:
733:
727:
724:
718:
715:
709:
706:
700:
698:
694:
688:
685:
679:
677:
673:
667:
665:
663:
661:
657:
651:
648:
642:
639:
633:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
594:
588:
585:
579:
576:
568:
562:
559:
553:
550:
544:
541:
535:
533:
527:
525:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
493:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
469:
462:
460:
458:
454:
449:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
405:
398:
396:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
357:
354:
347:
345:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
325:Mirador Basin
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
256:
251:
249:
244:
242:
237:
236:
234:
233:
228:
218:
217:
216:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
181:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
166:
165:
162:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
34:
30:
26:
25:
18:
2166:
2087:San Gervasio
1927:Chichen Itza
1872:Aguada FĂ©nix
1826:Zapote Bobal
1756:Takalik Abaj
1746:San Clemente
1570:
1399:Nim Li Punit
1249:
1225:
1221:
1203:. Retrieved
1175:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1159:
1118:
1096:
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1070:the original
1065:
1017:
1001:. Retrieved
990:the original
985:
963:. Retrieved
952:the original
947:
925:. Retrieved
914:the original
909:
881:
877:
854:
829:
823:
795:
786:
777:
756:
735:
726:
717:
708:
687:
650:
641:
632:
623:
614:
587:
578:
571:(in Spanish)
561:
552:
543:
531:
521:
519:
494:
487:
476:and painted
470:
466:
450:
443:
417:
406:
402:
390:
370:Joyce Marcus
363:
351:
334:
322:
318:
265:
264:
97:Architecture
2194:Casa Blanca
2181:El Salvador
1932:Chunchucmil
1887:Balankanche
1796:Wajxaklajun
1761:Tamarindito
1741:San Bartolo
1671:Mixco Viejo
1626:Kaminaljuyu
1561:El Porvenir
1506:Cerro Quiac
1449:Xunantunich
1424:San Estevan
1379:Lower Dover
1026:. pp.
825:Mesoamérica
478:hieroglyphs
2247:Maya sites
2241:Categories
2225:See also:
2209:San Andrés
2189:Cara Sucia
2102:Tortuguero
1977:Hormiguero
1952:Comalcalco
1922:Chinkultic
1907:Chacchoben
1781:Tres Islas
1666:Machaquila
1656:La Joyanca
1566:El Temblor
1551:El Mirador
1526:Chutixtiox
1516:Chitinamit
1429:Santa Rita
1374:Louisville
1334:Chaa Creek
1319:Cahal Pech
1309:Baking Pot
1283:Maya sites
1205:2016-05-15
1177:2009-06-23
1083:2009-11-05
1003:2009-06-24
965:2009-06-24
927:2009-06-24
808:References
498:Long Count
366:Ian Graham
348:Occupation
341:rainforest
294:El Mirador
286:Preclassic
276:region of
2147:Yaxchilan
2077:Punta Sur
2012:Kohunlich
1972:EkĘĽ Balam
1957:Dzibanche
1942:ChunlimĂłn
1937:Chunhuhub
1849:El Puente
1726:QĘĽumarkaj
1661:La Muerta
1651:La Corona
1646:La Blanca
1641:La Amelia
1571:El Tintal
1536:Dos Pilas
1468:Guatemala
1384:Lubaantun
1354:KaĘĽKabish
1046:318200121
859:Routledge
838:0252-9963
502:limestone
490:sandstone
457:La Muerta
453:ear-spool
446:ballcourt
428:sandstone
314:Potsherds
282:Carmelita
278:Guatemala
266:El Tintal
203:Guatemala
102:Astronomy
87:Sacrifice
82:Mythology
67:Languages
2199:Cihuatán
2162:YoĘĽokop
2062:Palenque
2057:Oxkintok
1917:Chicanná
1902:Calakmul
1897:Bonampak
1836:Honduras
1816:Zacpeten
1786:Uaxactun
1731:RĂo Azul
1721:Quiriguá
1686:Naachtun
1636:KĘĽatepan
1616:Ixtonton
1491:Balberta
1476:Aguateca
1414:Pacbitun
1364:La Milpa
1349:El Pilar
1304:Altun Ha
1143:57577446
976:(1993).
938:(1992).
900:(1991).
569:, p.16.
399:The site
378:Michigan
331:Location
298:causeway
142:Medicine
122:Textiles
107:Calendar
77:Religion
29:a series
2214:Tazumal
2142:Xtampak
2082:RĂo Bec
2052:OcomtĂşn
2032:Mayapan
2017:Komchen
1912:ChactĂşn
1882:Balamku
1867:Acanceh
1821:Zaculeu
1776:Topoxte
1766:Tayasal
1706:Pajaral
1701:Naranjo
1676:Montana
1601:Iximche
1581:Guaytán
1576:El Zotz
1556:El PerĂş
1546:El Chal
1541:El BaĂşl
1521:Chocolá
1501:Cancuén
1496:Bejucal
1439:Uxbenka
1419:Pusilha
1394:Minanha
1369:Lamanai
1324:Caracol
846:7141215
484:Stela 1
422:of the
374:Harvard
353:Ceramic
290:Classic
268:is a
198:Chiapas
193:Yucatán
161:History
152:Warfare
147:Cuisine
72:Writing
62:Society
2152:Yaxuná
2137:Xpuhil
2132:Xlapak
2122:Xcaret
2097:Toniná
2072:Pomona
2027:La Mar
1997:JoljaĘĽ
1982:Izamal
1859:Mexico
1806:Xultun
1801:Witzna
1791:Ucanal
1751:Seibal
1621:Ixtutz
1591:Holtun
1586:Holmul
1444:Xnaheb
1404:Nohmul
1359:KĘĽaxob
1344:Cuello
1329:Cerros
1291:Belize
1226:XXVIII
1141:
1131:
1044:
1034:
1030:–122.
865:
844:
836:
522:Catzin
435:stucco
393:looted
300:, and
112:Stelae
92:Cities
57:People
31:on the
2127:Xelha
2112:Uxmal
2107:Tulum
2092:Sayil
2047:Muyil
2022:Labna
2007:Kiuic
2002:Kabah
1992:Jaina
1987:Izapa
1967:Edzna
1892:Becan
1844:Copán
1811:Yaxha
1771:Tikal
1736:Sacul
1696:Nakum
1691:Nakbe
1631:Kinal
1606:Ixkun
1596:Itzan
1511:Chama
1339:Colha
1218:(PDF)
1199:(PDF)
1156:(PDF)
1062:(PDF)
982:(PDF)
944:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
536:Notes
431:stela
386:Stela
310:Wakna
302:Nakbé
274:Petén
208:Petén
137:Dance
132:Music
127:Trade
2157:Yula
2117:Uxul
2037:ManĂ
1947:Coba
1611:Ixlu
1434:Tipu
1139:OCLC
1129:ISBN
1042:OCLC
1032:ISBN
863:ISBN
842:OCLC
834:ISSN
439:jade
376:and
368:and
288:and
270:Maya
1877:Aké
1169:PDF
1101:doi
1075:PDF
995:PDF
957:PDF
919:PDF
886:doi
117:Art
2243::
1220:.
1158:.
1137:.
1127:.
1097:48
1095:.
1064:.
1040:.
1028:49
984:.
946:.
908:.
882:47
880:.
861:.
840:.
818:;
765:^
744:^
696:^
675:^
659:^
596:^
524:.
459:.
444:A
441:.
312:.
2171:)
2165:(
1275:e
1268:t
1261:v
1208:.
1180:.
1167:(
1145:.
1107:.
1103::
1086:.
1073:(
1048:.
1006:.
993:(
968:.
955:(
930:.
917:(
892:.
888::
871:.
848:.
830:7
254:e
247:t
240:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
