705:
774:
154:
from March 14, 1957, to April 16, 1961. He supported the Diem regime until late 1960, when he reported that the situation was deteriorating and that unless steps were taken to reform the government, Diem would be likely overthrown in a coup, or lose the country to the
399:
formed a committee to assess the political, military, and socioeconomic situation in
Vietnam, in the hope of determining what it would take to keep Communism out of South Vietnam. On April 16, Kennedy replaced Durbrow with
424:. Throughout the 1970s, he served as the chairman of the American Foreign Policy Institute and as the director of the Center for International Strategic Studies and the Freedom Studies Center in
1273:
370:
and the corruption and ineffective policymaking that accompanied it. South
Vietnamese officers, disgruntled with Diem's government, tried to persuade Durbrow into joining anti-Diem groups.
915:
1288:
159:. Diem and his American supporters worked to get Durbrow transferred, and he was recalled by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, and sent to a diplomatic role with NATO in Europe.
271:
778:
694:
685:
1293:
594:
267:
921:
863:
709:
645:
360:
33:
613:
Adamson, Michael R. "Ambassadorial Roles and
Foreign Policy: Elbridge Durbrow, Frederick Nolting, and the US Commitment to Diem's Vietnam, 1957–61."
678:
911:
886:
275:
196:
192:
392:
attack on the presidential palace. Durbrow refused, and no attack occurred. He later learned that the aide had been forced to make the call.
1278:
671:
381:
576:
542:
311:
1062:
340:
in
Washington, DC, and spent the next two years as director of the Foreign Service's personnel division. In 1952, he was sent to
318:
146:(September 21, 1903 – May 16, 1997) was a Foreign Service officer and diplomat who served as the Counselor of Embassy and Deputy
385:
363:. At the time, the US had a minor military and political presence in Vietnam to prevent communism from taking over the region.
409:
982:
947:
896:
388:. Durbrow later recalled receiving a phone call from one of Diem's aides, who asked him to tell Diem to surrender or face a
937:
856:
591:
1283:
1185:
1165:
1087:
1170:
952:
451:. He was survived by his second wife, Benice Balcom Durbrow, and two sons from his first marriage, Chandler and Bruce.
373:
Durbrow began to feel uneasy about Diem's authority, had to refuse because the US government was still supported Diem.
1057:
279:
485:
1175:
1052:
906:
420:
Durbrow retired from his 38-year diplomatic career in 1968. He spent the next two decades writing and lecturing on
1190:
1150:
1037:
168:
113:
891:
1242:
901:
849:
436:
130:
366:
Durbrow had a difficult time in his ambassadorial role. He often had to work with the authoritarian regime of
1180:
1160:
444:
204:
1130:
726:
638:
425:
188:
73:
1022:
751:
741:
262:
In 1944, Durbrow was appointed as the chief of the
Eastern European division of the State Department in
200:
1077:
1047:
1135:
1120:
1097:
1012:
1268:
1263:
1002:
337:
283:
1155:
992:
972:
805:
522:
322:
256:
184:
622:
Vietnam's Year of the Rat: Elbridge
Durbrow, Ngo Đinh Diệm and the Turn in US Relations, 1959-1961
1221:
1125:
825:
810:
490:
220:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1032:
987:
800:
795:
746:
736:
655:
572:
401:
356:
345:
85:
57:
1216:
1140:
1017:
977:
756:
303:
147:
1145:
290:, Durbrow was vocal in his opposition for the diplomatic recognition of new governments in
1027:
1007:
872:
721:
598:
421:
396:
349:
176:
61:
1211:
815:
663:
537:
520:
Pearson, Richard (1997-05-20). "Elbridge
Durbrow, 93, Dies; Ambassador to S. Vietnam".
408:
Council in Paris and later as a government adviser to the
National War College and the
263:
1257:
1115:
1042:
997:
790:
761:
704:
367:
330:
151:
1226:
1206:
830:
568:
377:
326:
287:
224:
1067:
440:
302:
because of their communist origins. In 1946, he left that position to succeed
180:
172:
942:
820:
344:, where he served as deputy chief of mission to the US ambassador to Italy,
236:
156:
601:
02/01/1979. WGBH Media
Library & Archives. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
429:
389:
299:
235:. He rose through the service's ranks over the next decade and served in
404:, who supported appeasement. Later, Durbrow served as a delegate to the
773:
295:
291:
228:
208:
448:
307:
252:
248:
240:
232:
376:
In 1960, Diem and his younger brother and chief political adviser,
841:
341:
405:
244:
845:
667:
315:
266:. That year, he was also one of the American delegates at the
348:. Two years later, he was promoted to the diplomatic rank of
150:
in Moscow in the late 1940s and then as the US ambassador to
306:
as the
Counselor of Embassy and Deputy Chief of Mission in
538:"Chiefs of Mission by Country, 1778-2005: Vietnam, South"
592:“Interview with Eldridge Durbrow, 1979 (Part 1 of 3).”
272:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
255:. In 1941, Durbrow became the assistant chief of the
1235:
1199:
1106:
961:
930:
879:
770:
701:
120:
100:
95:
79:
67:
53:
32:
21:
336:From 1948 to 1950, he served as an adviser to the
1274:Ambassadors of the United States to South Vietnam
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
268:United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference
1289:The Hague Academy of International Law people
857:
679:
486:"Elbridge Durbrow, U.S. Diplomat, Dies at 93"
8:
325:. Durbrow warned Smith and others of Soviet
864:
850:
842:
686:
672:
664:
627:
18:
922:Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem
646:United States Ambassador to South Vietnam
380:, accused Durbrow of supporting a failed
361:United States Ambassador to South Vietnam
49:March 14, 1957 – April 16, 1961
1294:United States Foreign Service personnel
459:
276:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
259:'s Eastern European affairs division.
193:The Hague Academy of International Law
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
183:. He then continued his education at
7:
695:United States Ambassadors to Vietnam
197:École Libre des Sciences Politiques
897:Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức
14:
912:1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
312:US ambassador to the Soviet Union
772:
703:
219:Durbrow began his career in the
386:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
887:Huế Phật Đản (Vesak) shootings
615:Presidential Studies Quarterly
543:United States State Department
484:Saxon, Wolfgang (1997-05-23).
1:
779:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
355:On March 14, 1957, President
16:American diplomat (1903–1997)
435:Durbrow died at his home in
329:and efforts to break up the
34:United States Ambassador to
286:of money management. After
280:International Monetary Fund
1310:
1279:Writers from San Francisco
620:Frankum Jr, Ronald Bruce.
948:Krulak–Mendenhall mission
652:
643:
635:
630:
563:Hammer, Ellen J. (1987).
395:In April 1961, President
199:in Paris and finally the
179:in 1926 with a degree in
175:. Durbrow graduated from
137:
114:San Francisco, California
91:
42:
28:
1243:Persecution of Buddhists
902:Double Seven Day scuffle
195:in the Netherlands, the
131:Walnut Creek, California
953:McNamara–Taylor mission
384:by paratroopers of the
205:international economics
639:G. Frederick Reinhardt
443:on May 16, 1997, from
74:G. Frederick Reinhardt
1023:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
617:32.2 (2002): 229–255.
359:named Durbrow as the
201:University of Chicago
892:Hue chemical attacks
338:National War College
284:Bretton Woods system
167:Durbrow was born in
1284:Yale College alumni
993:W. Averell Harriman
907:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
710:Republic of Vietnam
565:A Death in November
523:The Washington Post
323:Walter Bedell Smith
270:, which set up the
257:US State Department
203:, where he studied
189:University of Dijon
185:Stanford University
1222:Marguerite Higgins
624:(McFarland, 2014).
597:2010-12-22 at the
491:The New York Times
221:US Foreign Service
111:September 21, 1903
1251:
1250:
1093:William Trueheart
1083:Maxwell D. Taylor
1073:Frederick Nolting
1063:Nguyễn Đình Thuận
1033:Joseph Mendenhall
988:Michael Forrestal
839:
838:
662:
661:
656:Frederick Nolting
653:Succeeded by
631:Diplomatic posts
402:Frederick Nolting
357:Dwight Eisenhower
346:Clare Boothe Luce
141:
140:
86:Frederick Nolting
58:Dwight Eisenhower
1301:
1217:David Halberstam
1186:Trần Thiện Khiêm
1166:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
1161:Nguyễn Văn Nhung
1018:Victor H. Krulak
1013:Thich Tinh Khiet
938:Joint Communiqué
866:
859:
852:
843:
784:
777:
776:
715:
708:
707:
688:
681:
674:
665:
636:Preceded by
628:
602:
589:
583:
582:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
534:
528:
527:
517:
502:
501:
499:
498:
481:
304:George F. Kennan
227:at the American
148:Chief of Mission
144:Elbridge Durbrow
127:
110:
108:
96:Personal details
82:
70:
47:
37:
23:Elbridge Durbrow
19:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1231:
1195:
1108:
1102:
1088:Trần Văn Chương
1078:Thích Trí Quang
1058:Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
1028:Robert McNamara
1008:John F. Kennedy
1003:Thich Thien Hoa
983:Thích Quảng Đức
965:
963:
957:
926:
875:
873:Buddhist crisis
870:
840:
835:
782:
781:
771:
766:
713:
712:
702:
697:
692:
658:
649:
641:
610:
608:Further reading
605:
599:Wayback Machine
590:
586:
579:
571:. p. 133.
562:
561:
557:
548:
546:
536:
535:
531:
519:
518:
505:
496:
494:
483:
482:
461:
457:
422:foreign affairs
418:
397:John F. Kennedy
350:career minister
282:(IMF), and the
217:
177:Yale University
165:
129:
125:
112:
106:
104:
80:
68:
62:John F. Kennedy
60:
48:
43:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Malcolm Browne
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1181:Trần Kim Tuyến
1178:
1173:
1171:Phạm Ngọc Thảo
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:Dương Văn Minh
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
969:
967:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
883:
881:
877:
876:
871:
869:
868:
861:
854:
846:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
785:
783:(1997–present)
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
699:
698:
693:
691:
690:
683:
676:
668:
660:
659:
654:
651:
642:
637:
633:
632:
626:
625:
618:
609:
606:
604:
603:
584:
577:
555:
529:
526:. p. B06.
503:
458:
456:
453:
417:
414:
410:Air University
264:Washington, DC
223:by serving as
216:
213:
164:
161:
139:
138:
135:
134:
128:(aged 93)
122:
118:
117:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
55:
51:
50:
40:
39:
30:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1306:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Tôn Thất Đính
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Nguyễn Hữu Có
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Lê Quang Tung
1139:
1137:
1136:Huỳnh Văn Cao
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Lucien Conein
1114:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:Ngô Đình Thục
1051:
1049:
1048:Ngô Đình Nhu
1046:
1044:
1043:Ngô Đình Diệm
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Roger Hilsman
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Bui Van Luong
971:
970:
968:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
929:
923:
920:
917:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
878:
874:
867:
862:
860:
855:
853:
848:
847:
844:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
780:
775:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
711:
706:
700:
696:
689:
684:
682:
677:
675:
670:
669:
666:
657:
648:
647:
640:
634:
629:
623:
619:
616:
612:
611:
607:
600:
596:
593:
588:
585:
580:
578:0-525-24210-4
574:
570:
566:
559:
556:
545:
544:
539:
533:
530:
525:
524:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
504:
493:
492:
487:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
460:
454:
452:
450:
446:
445:complications
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
371:
369:
368:Ngo Dinh Diem
364:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
331:Western world
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:San Francisco
162:
160:
158:
153:
152:South Vietnam
149:
145:
136:
132:
123:
119:
115:
103:
99:
94:
90:
87:
84:
78:
75:
72:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
36:South Vietnam
31:
27:
20:
1227:Neil Sheehan
1207:Peter Arnett
1191:Trần Văn Đôn
1156:Nguyễn Khánh
1038:Ngô Đình Cẩn
962:Political or
731:
644:
621:
614:
587:
569:E. P. Dutton
564:
558:
547:. Retrieved
541:
532:
521:
495:. Retrieved
489:
437:Walnut Creek
434:
426:South Boston
419:
394:
382:coup attempt
378:Ngo Dinh Nhu
375:
372:
365:
354:
335:
327:expansionism
310:, under the
288:World War II
278:(GATT), the
261:
218:
166:
143:
142:
126:(1997-05-16)
124:May 16, 1997
81:Succeeded by
44:
1269:1997 deaths
1264:1903 births
1200:Journalists
826:Kritenbrink
714:(1950–1975)
314:and future
225:Vice Consul
191:in France,
69:Preceded by
1258:Categories
1146:Lê Văn Kim
1121:Đỗ Cao Trí
1098:Vũ Văn Mẫu
1068:Madame Nhu
650:1957–1961
549:2008-04-21
497:2008-04-21
455:References
441:California
416:Retirement
181:philosophy
173:California
163:Early life
107:1903-09-21
964:religious
943:Cable 243
796:Burghardt
727:Reinhardt
237:Bucharest
157:Viet Cong
54:President
45:In office
1107:Military
916:reaction
806:Michalak
791:Peterson
595:Archived
430:Virginia
390:howitzer
319:Director
300:Bulgaria
1236:Related
1109:figures
978:Bửu Hội
966:figures
831:Knapper
737:Nolting
732:Durbrow
296:Romania
292:Hungary
229:embassy
209:finance
1126:Đỗ Mậu
931:Policy
880:Events
811:Palmer
801:Marine
762:Martin
757:Bunker
747:Taylor
575:
449:stroke
308:Moscow
298:, and
274:, the
253:Moscow
251:, and
249:Lisbon
241:Naples
233:Poland
215:Career
187:, the
133:, U.S.
116:, U.S.
821:Osius
816:Shear
752:Lodge
742:Lodge
722:Heath
447:of a
342:Italy
573:ISBN
406:NATO
245:Rome
207:and
121:Died
101:Born
316:CIA
231:in
1260::
567:.
540:.
506:^
488:.
462:^
439:,
432:.
428:,
412:.
352:.
333:.
321:,
294:,
247:,
243:,
239:,
211:.
171:,
918:)
914:(
865:e
858:t
851:v
687:e
680:t
673:v
581:.
552:.
500:.
109:)
105:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.