42:
97:
72:
1142:
1302:
Once the corms turn dark brown, they should be harvested. If left in the soil after this point in time, corms will get sweeter, however shelf life will decline. The corms can be harvested using a modified gladiolus corm harvester once the paddy is drained. Alternatively, a "water-suction harvester"
1239:
also significantly influences how fast the corms grow. Corms begin to develop much more slowly if the photoperiod exceeds 12 hours. The corms are also the propagating material. Alternatively, transplants can be used. Machinery, such as tractor-mounted vegetable planters, can be used for plantation.
1311:
The per plant yield was described at 2.3 kg (5 lb 1 oz) per season (fresh matter). In China, yields are reported between 20–40 t/ha (9–18 short ton/acre), while in the United States a range between 47–85 t/ha (21–38 short ton/acre) has been mentioned.
1155:
Raw water chestnuts are slightly sweet and crunchy. Boiled water chestnuts have a firm and slightly crunchy texture, with a mild and slightly nutty flavor that may easily be overpowered by seasonings or sauces with which the water chestnut is served or cooked. They may be combined with
1219:. As it is an aquatic plant, it should always be submerged in approximately 10 cm (4 in) of water. The crop needs continuously high soil temperatures, ideally 14–15.5 °C (57–60 °F). At 13.6 °C (56.5 °F), the corms begin to sprout. Soil is ideally a
1657:
1510:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1324:
and minimize deterioration resulting from small injuries. Corms should not be stored at temperatures above 13.6 °C (56.5 °F) as otherwise the corms will begin to sprout. If the corms need to be stored longer term, they can also be kept in a
2131:
Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995 - 2020, Sorting
Eleocharis Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database - A Work in Progress. Institute for Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne (2004)
1084:
eat the bulbs of water chestnuts, allowing them to put on fat for the wet season and ensuring they are ready for breeding. In the wet season, water chestnut leaves are used to build their floating nests.
1248:
Nitrogen addition is beneficial for corm production, applying a dose before planting and another dose when corms begin to enlarge. To further improve nutrient levels, potassium and phosphorus mineral
935:
1231:. Under long-daylength conditions, rhizomes grow horizontally and then turn upwards forming daughter plants. Under short-daylength conditions, the rhizomes grow downward and produce a
1489:
2387:
2815:
2785:
2579:
2452:
2765:
1320:
The harvested corms are best stored at 4 °C (39 °F). At this temperature, transpiration and thus weight loss are minimized. This will also delay
1180:
vegetable dishes may contain water chestnuts, such as noodle or rice recipes. They may also be added to minced-meat fillings and dishes, such as
Cantonese
1357:
also feed on the stems. However, unless complete defoliation below the waterline occurs, the plants can normally tolerate this damage. Plant hoppers (
2672:
2335:
2685:
2413:
2348:
2553:
1744:
1839:
1629:
1522:
1709:
1105:. In a 100-gram reference amount, raw water chestnuts supply 410 kilojoules (97 kcal) of food energy, are rich (20% or more of the
2470:
1517:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2780:
2112:
1780:
Bhatti, H. S.; Malla, N; Mahajan, R. C.; Sehgal, R (2000). "Fasciolopslasis--a re-emerging infection in
Azamgarh (Uttar Pradesh)".
1481:
2038:
1987:
1952:
2698:
2374:
24:
2444:
434:
390:
306:
2418:
1536:
2080:
Kanes, C.A.; Vines, H.M. (June 1977). "Storage
Conditions for Chinese Water Chestnuts, Eleocharis Dulcis (Burm F.) Trin".
1349:
and grazing animals pose a threat to the
Chinese water chestnut, which may be discouraged by keeping the paddy inundated.
1303:
can be used without the need to drain the paddy. The corms have to be washed after harvest and brushed once they are dry.
404:
320:
1477:
1809:
2800:
2646:
2400:
2231:
2218:
1376:
1341:
Chinese water chestnut is usually not very prone to pests; nevertheless, some animals and fungi may attack the plant:
995:
The small, rounded corms have a crisp, white flesh and may be eaten raw, slightly boiled, or grilled, and often are
96:
2805:
2711:
2566:
2457:
1392:
2439:
234:
1021:
cuisine. They are unusual among vegetables for remaining crisp even after being cooked or canned, because their
988:, under water, or in mud. It has stem-like, tubular green leaves that grow to about 1.5 m (5 ft). The
2795:
2775:
2716:
2571:
1215:, 2–7.5 m (7–25 ft) wide by up to 100 m (330 ft) long to allow for mechanization, or in a
2810:
2322:
238:
230:
2327:
2314:
1889:
1580:
1049:, which is stable to high temperature. Apart from the edible corms, the leaves can be used for cattlefeed,
2790:
2309:
2161:
931:
2236:
2199:
2012:
1194:, with water chestnuts as its main ingredient, was named one of the world's best 50 desserts in 2019 by
806:
213:
2353:
992:, which also is referred to by the same name, is unrelated and often confused with the water chestnut.
922:
2690:
2493:
2270:
858:
819:
1755:
2770:
2527:
1455:
1326:
1012:
61:
2737:
2605:
2558:
2262:
2062:
1866:
1690:
1073:
793:
773:
583:
470:
462:
246:
91:
2532:
2392:
2137:
2130:
1717:
1007:. In China, they are most often eaten raw, sometimes sweetened. They also may be ground into a
41:
2659:
2514:
2244:
2108:
1835:
1789:
1625:
1528:
1518:
1033:. This property is shared by other vegetables that remain crisp in this manner, including the
671:
372:
364:
1607:
1046:
2519:
2431:
2085:
2054:
1682:
1450:
1185:
688:
343:
20:
2501:
1813:
1061:
1004:
134:
934:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
2584:
2545:
2540:
1236:
121:
2301:
1673:
Hodge, W. H. (January 1956). "Chinese water chestnut or matai—A Paddy Crop of China".
2759:
2426:
1956:
1441:
1432:
1381:
1190:
1042:
989:
981:
539:
147:
81:
76:
2066:
1694:
2742:
2664:
2610:
2249:
2089:
2058:
1380:. Fungal species can also attack the Chinese water chestnut. In warmer climates, a
1362:
1157:
1094:
1081:
1030:
515:
350:
2651:
2637:
2223:
2210:
2361:
2193:
1370:
1354:
1216:
1212:
1106:
977:
499:
160:
1606:) cell walls. Grassby Terri, Doctoral thesis, 2008, University of East Anglia (
1557:
1512:
1141:
1856:
1358:
1342:
1261:
1249:
1220:
1169:
1117:
1110:
1038:
954:
845:
705:
654:
190:
180:
2184:
1345:
may damage the stems and corms, especially when plants are young. Similarly,
2483:
2296:
2283:
1806:
1350:
1321:
1269:
1173:
1161:
1125:
1121:
1077:
1034:
1022:
832:
751:
738:
427:
2729:
2405:
1793:
1532:
2597:
2506:
1602:
Phenolics and phenolic-polysaccharide linkages in
Chinese water chestnut (
1365:
feed on plant sap and may cause subsequent death. Other pests include the
2724:
2631:
2592:
2465:
2178:
1386:
1366:
1254:
996:
637:
448:
2677:
2478:
2340:
2257:
1955:. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Archived from
1862:
1686:
1228:
1181:
1098:
1054:
1026:
1017:
1000:
985:
966:
617:
2366:
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1346:
1165:
962:
721:
170:
2155:
2037:
Li, Mei; Kleinhenz, V.; Lyall, T.; Midmore, D.J. (7 November 2015).
1953:"A Grower's Guide to Cultivating Chinese Waterchestnut in Australia"
2703:
2379:
2288:
1817:
1291:
1177:
1140:
1050:
1008:
529:
108:
1710:"Study on the Effects of Puchiin Extract Antimicrobial Roperties"
19:"Chinese water chestnut" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2275:
1708:
Hao, Shu-xian; Liu, Xin; Zhao, Li-chao; Chen, Yong-quan (2005).
1232:
1145:
970:
958:
871:
2159:
1745:"Chinese waterchestnut in florida - past, present, and future"
1102:
559:
1591:(N. L. Burman) Trinius ex Henschel, Vita Rumphii. 186. 1833.
1224:
1482:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1060:
If eaten uncooked, the surface of the plants may transmit
1227:
6.5 to 7.2. The plant produces two types of subterranean
467:
453:
439:
1951:
Kleinhenz, Volker; Lodge, Geoff; Midmore, David (2001).
2047:
The
Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology
1659:
Crop and
Product Digest No.2 - Root Crops, 2nd Edition
369:
355:
2621:
2168:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1294:, especially mushroom compost, shows good results.
907:
895:
870:
857:
844:
831:
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792:
771:
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704:
687:
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493:
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403:
389:
384:
363:
349:
342:
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319:
305:
296:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1807:ECOS: Indigenous icon at risk from sea level rise.
1743:Morton, J.F.; Sanchez, C.A.; Snyder, G.H. (1988).
1514:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
783:
627:
2107:(1st ed.). Udaipur: Agrotech Pub. Academy.
1116:(25% DV), and contain moderate amounts of other
1558:"Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
969:. It is grown in many countries for its edible
1988:"Chinese water chestnuts in Western Australia"
1782:Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
1738:
1736:
1734:
1456:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T169077A1270989.en
494:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1855:Chinese Cooking Demystified (23 April 2019).
1582:
1416:Francisco Manuel Blanco (O.S.A.) (c. 1880s).
1188:, to add a crunchy texture. The Thai dessert
1045:root. The corms contain the antibiotic agent
1025:are cross-linked and strengthened by certain
409:
395:
325:
311:
8:
488:
1624:(Revised ed.). Scribner. p. 308.
1353:larvae (Trichoptera) and other leaf-eating
16:Grass-like sedge grown for its edible corms
2156:
1858:Cantonese Meatballs, Dim Sum-style (陈皮牛肉球)
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1478:United States Food and Drug Administration
597:
487:
418:
334:
70:
40:
31:
1656:Kay, Daisy E.; Gooding, E. G. B. (1987).
1454:
1408:
1252:can be used before planting, where the
1093:Raw water chestnuts are 74% water, 24%
2136:Karnjanatawe, Karnjana (28 May 2020).
469:
371:
293:
2816:Taxa named by Nicolaas Laurens Burman
2786:Taxa named by August Wilhelm Henschel
2039:"Response of Chinese water chestnut (
7:
2494:64b0b1c9-1c89-42ee-b4d3-db7256ee53ba
2013:"Waterchestnuts Growing Information"
2766:IUCN Red List least concern species
1442:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1003:. They are a popular ingredient in
953:or water chestnut, is a grass-like
2043:(Burm. f.) Hensch) to photoperiod"
1992:Department of Agriculture and Food
1834:. Quirk Productions. p. 284.
1581:Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 191,
1418:Flora de Filipinas Gran edicion
14:
1890:"50 of the world's best desserts"
2717:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:387808-1
2572:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306797-1
1029:compounds, such as oligomers of
95:
1888:Smith, Jen Rose (4 June 2019).
1869:from the original on 2021-12-13
1539:from the original on 2024-05-09
1492:from the original on 2024-03-27
468:
454:
440:
2090:10.17660/ActaHortic.1977.62.15
2059:10.1080/14620316.2000.11511203
1754:(101): 139–144. Archived from
1662:. London: Trop.Dev. Res. Inst.
1211:The crop can be cultivated in
410:
396:
370:
356:
326:
312:
1:
1820:. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
1015:, which is common as part of
50:
1393:Cylindrosporium eleocharidis
976:The water chestnut is not a
930:Percentages estimated using
1377:Dolichodorus heterocephalus
923:Link to USDA Database entry
2832:
1752:Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc
1562:Plants of the World Online
1101:, and contain very little
504:406 kJ (97 kcal)
18:
1583:
1072:In the dry season of the
929:
919:
915:
891:
883:
767:
763:
611:
607:
600:
596:
576:
572:
552:
548:
508:
482:
417:
333:
301:
272:Eleocharis plantaginoides
252:
245:
219:
212:
92:Scientific classification
90:
68:
59:
48:
39:
34:
2781:Plants described in 1833
1128:(10% to 17% DV, table).
984:vegetable that grows in
391:Traditional Chinese
307:Traditional Chinese
1431:Mesterházy, A. (2020).
932:US recommendations
405:Simplified Chinese
321:Simplified Chinese
35:Chinese water chestnut
1832:Field Guide to Produce
1620:McGee, Harold (2004).
1152:
951:Chinese water chestnut
936:the National Academies
489:Chinese water chestnut
266:Eleocharis plantaginea
2103:Pandey, A.K. (2011).
1830:Green, Aliza (2004).
1449:: e.T169077A1270989.
1144:
1011:form used for making
602:Vitamins and minerals
256:Eleocharis equisetina
2017:greenharvest.com.au/
1202:Agronomic properties
2138:"Step into the mud"
1761:on 20 December 2016
1622:On Food and Cooking
1013:water chestnut cake
689:Pantothenic acid (B
490:
277:Eleocharis tuberosa
62:Conservation status
2801:Flora of Australia
2105:Aquatic vegetables
2082:Acta Horticulturae
1812:2019-02-28 at the
1687:10.1007/BF02985317
1217:hydroponic culture
1153:
1074:Northern Territory
897:Other constituents
2806:Freshwater plants
2753:
2752:
2623:Andropogon dulcis
2533:Eleocharis dulcis
2515:Open Tree of Life
2471:Eleocharis~dulcis
2200:Eleocharis dulcis
2170:Eleocharis dulcis
2162:Taxon identifiers
2041:Eleocharis dulcis
1841:978-1-931686-80-8
1631:978-0-684-80001-1
1604:Eleocharis dulcis
1589:Eleocharis dulcis
1524:978-0-309-48834-1
1435:Eleocharis dulcis
1186:steamed meatballs
1150:Eleocharis dulcis
946:Eleocharis dulcis
942:
941:
887:
886:
486:
485:
478:
477:
435:Yale Romanization
380:
379:
344:Standard Mandarin
297:Eleocharis dulcis
292:
291:
282:Eleocharis tumida
261:Eleocharis indica
223:Eleocharis dulcis
85:
2823:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2681:
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2640:
2614:
2613:
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2600:
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2240:
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2202:
2189:
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2119:
2118:
2100:
2094:
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2077:
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2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1984:
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1948:
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1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1749:
1740:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1716:. Archived from
1705:
1699:
1698:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1636:
1635:
1617:
1611:
1600:
1594:
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1507:
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1498:
1497:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1332:
1329:solution of 1000
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1274:uptake ratio is
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1235:at the tip. The
787:
725:
709:
692:
675:
658:
641:
631:
598:
491:
474:
473:
472:
457:
456:
443:
442:
419:
413:
412:
399:
398:
376:
375:
374:
359:
358:
335:
329:
328:
315:
314:
294:
286:and several more
225:
100:
99:
79:
74:
73:
55:
52:
44:
32:
21:Chinese chestnut
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2796:Flora of Africa
2776:Root vegetables
2756:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2617:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2570:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2544:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2502:Observation.org
2500:
2492:
2490:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2456:
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2443:
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2430:
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2417:
2412:
2404:
2399:
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2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
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2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2164:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2084:(62): 151–160.
2079:
2078:
2074:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1959:on 2 March 2011
1950:
1949:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:Wayback Machine
1805:
1801:
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1707:
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1702:
1675:Economic Botany
1672:
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1309:
1300:
1290:. Also organic
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1268:
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1260:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1244:Plant nutrition
1209:
1204:
1139:
1134:
1114:
1091:
1070:
1062:fasciolopsiasis
925:
920:
878:
865:
852:
839:
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1191:thapthim krop
1187:
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1176:. Steamed or
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1163:
1159:
1158:bamboo shoots
1151:
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77:Least Concern
67:
63:
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49:Illustration
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2622:
2169:
2145:. Retrieved
2142:Bangkok Post
2141:
2104:
2098:
2081:
2075:
2053:(1): 72–78.
2050:
2046:
2040:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1857:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1802:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1751:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1714:Food Science
1713:
1703:
1681:(1): 49–65.
1678:
1674:
1668:
1658:
1621:
1615:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1576:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1513:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1485:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1446:
1440:
1434:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1396:causes stem
1391:
1385:
1375:
1369:
1355:caterpillars
1340:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1247:
1210:
1195:
1189:
1154:
1149:
1092:
1082:magpie geese
1071:
1059:
1031:ferulic acid
1016:
994:
975:
950:
945:
944:
943:
901:
896:
784:
779:
772:
628:
623:
616:
582:
558:
514:
351:Hanyu Pinyin
281:
276:
271:
265:
260:
255:
222:
220:
204:
203:
191:
154:
141:
128:
115:
29:
2362:iNaturalist
2194:Wikispecies
2022:16 November
1997:16 November
1963:15 November
1873:13 February
1788:(1): 73–6.
1765:15 November
1593:efloras.org
1371:Ditylenchus
1250:fertilizers
1237:photoperiod
1207:Cultivation
1107:Daily Value
961:, tropical
638:Thiamine (B
161:Commelinids
135:Angiosperms
54: 1880
2771:Eleocharis
2760:Categories
2546:kew-242450
2541:Plant List
1894:CNN Travel
1724:2016-12-04
1567:2023-02-06
1543:2024-06-21
1496:2024-03-28
1462:31 October
1404:References
1359:Fulgoridae
1343:Water fowl
1221:sandy loam
1196:CNN Travel
1170:sesame oil
1118:B vitamins
1039:lotus root
1023:cell walls
957:native to
846:Phosphorus
192:Eleocharis
181:Cyperaceae
2638:Q50826760
2328:200026729
2315:200026729
2297:FloraBase
1367:nematodes
1351:Caddisfly
1322:sprouting
1174:snow peas
1162:coriander
1126:potassium
1122:manganese
1111:vitamin B
1109:, DV) in
1089:Nutrition
1078:Australia
1035:tiger nut
859:Potassium
833:Manganese
820:Magnesium
752:Vitamin E
739:Vitamin C
722:Folate (B
706:Vitamin B
672:Niacin (B
441:máah-tàih
199:Species:
105:Kingdom:
2730:25505162
2725:Tropicos
2704:387808-1
2632:Wikidata
2593:Tropicos
2466:NSWFlora
2393:11104418
2380:306797-1
2179:Wikidata
2067:84089179
1867:Archived
1810:Archived
1794:12583425
1695:23026535
1537:Archived
1533:30844154
1490:Archived
1480:(2024).
1387:Uromyces
1229:rhizomes
1137:Culinary
1027:phenolic
902:Quantity
840:0.331 mg
780:Quantity
774:Minerals
716:0.328 mg
700:0.479 mg
624:Quantity
618:Vitamins
449:Jyutping
247:Synonyms
177:Family:
148:Monocots
82:IUCN 3.1
2678:4150033
2598:9902615
2585:2476-10
2479:NTFlora
2440:MoBotPF
2341:2717712
2276:1120264
2258:Ecocrop
2185:Q932664
1863:YouTube
1816:Blogs,
1347:rodents
1316:Storage
1298:Harvest
1213:paddies
1184:-style
1182:dim sum
1178:sauteed
1099:protein
1068:Ecology
1055:compost
1047:puchiin
1018:dim sum
997:pickled
986:marshes
982:aquatic
967:Oceania
814:0.06 mg
794:Calcium
649:0.14 mg
584:Protein
523:23.94 g
455:maa-tai
239:Hensch.
231:Burm.f.
187:Genus:
167:Order:
109:Plantae
80: (
2652:236662
2554:PLANTS
2520:388351
2507:318390
2491:NZOR:
2458:110284
2445:279795
2432:169077
2419:506699
2367:122977
2237:557062
2208:APDB:
2147:28 May
2111:
2065:
1899:28 May
1838:
1792:
1693:
1628:
1587:biqi,
1531:
1521:
1398:blight
1390:, and
1361:) and
1331:
1327:bleach
1172:, and
1166:ginger
1124:, and
1001:tinned
965:, and
963:Africa
949:, the
911:73.5 g
879:0.5 mg
866:584 mg
759:1.2 mg
666:0.2 mg
530:Sugars
500:Energy
171:Poales
2665:6723S
2580:SANBI
2559:ELDU3
2406:20694
2388:IRMNG
2354:14976
2289:ELODU
2250:6F2KL
2224:66786
2211:36606
2063:S2CID
1818:CSIRO
1759:(PDF)
1748:(PDF)
1691:S2CID
1337:Pests
1333:ppm.
1307:Yield
1292:mulch
1223:with
1097:, 1%
1051:mulch
1009:flour
971:corms
955:sedge
908:Water
853:63 mg
827:22 mg
801:11 mg
733:16 μg
591:1.4 g
567:0.1 g
534:4.8 g
235:Trin.
155:Clade
142:Clade
129:Clade
116:Clade
2712:POWO
2699:IPNI
2691:3196
2686:GRIN
2673:GBIF
2647:APNI
2567:POWO
2528:PfaF
2484:1637
2453:NCBI
2427:IUCN
2414:ITIS
2375:IPNI
2349:GRIN
2336:GBIF
2284:EPPO
2263:2494
2232:BOLD
2219:APNI
2149:2020
2109:ISBN
2024:2016
1999:2016
1965:2016
1901:2020
1875:2020
1836:ISBN
1790:PMID
1767:2016
1626:ISBN
1608:link
1529:PMID
1519:ISBN
1464:2022
1447:2020
1382:rust
1374:and
1287:1.75
1233:corm
1146:Corm
1132:Uses
1041:and
959:Asia
872:Zinc
807:Iron
746:4 mg
683:1 mg
357:bíqí
2738:WFO
2660:CoL
2606:WFO
2401:ISC
2323:FoC
2310:FNA
2302:826
2271:EoL
2245:CoL
2086:doi
2055:doi
1683:doi
1486:FDA
1451:doi
1281:0.5
1148:of
1103:fat
1076:in
1053:or
999:or
978:nut
864:19%
838:14%
785:%DV
714:19%
698:10%
664:15%
647:12%
629:%DV
560:Fat
544:3 g
463:IPA
365:IPA
237:ex
23:or
2762::
2740::
2727::
2714::
2701::
2688::
2675::
2662::
2649::
2634::
2608::
2595::
2582::
2569::
2556::
2543::
2530::
2517::
2504::
2481::
2468::
2455::
2442::
2429::
2416::
2403::
2390::
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2364::
2351::
2338::
2325::
2312::
2299::
2286::
2273::
2260::
2247::
2234::
2221::
2196::
2181::
2140:.
2061:.
2051:75
2049:.
2045:.
2015:.
1990:.
1973:^
1909:^
1892:.
1865:.
1861:.
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