145:, have their accumulated education approved as equivalent to a degree.' This would in effect create the so-called elective bachelor: a fully-fledged bachelor's degree in which the selection of major, minor, and elective courses had been made by the student, contrasting elective bachelor's degrees to programme bachelor's degrees in which major, minor, and often also elective courses were preselected by the programme and compulsory for students.
111:) was passed by the Parliament on 19 January 1999. The reform was a response to an emerging labour-market trend of more and briefer employments, including increasing unemployment among adult persons as traditional business sectors diminished. Not least, occupational reorientation of adult persons with sickness or declining health called for higher education to be opened up to broader population segments.
126:
A country's educational system and the structures for qualification affect the students' degree of completion and drop-out in education. It has become evident that countries with degree structures offering shorter study programmes leading to a have lower drop-out rates than countries with long study
131:
The committee also discussed challenges related to interinstitutional mobility between universities, between universities and university colleges (a type of vocational or polytechnic demi-university), and not least to academic institutions abroad. A major obstacle for mobility between academic
136:
Today, this is a discussion which increasingly deals with mobility and transfer possibilities between public and private educational institutions, at different levels of education and between institutions internationally. The degrees must be comparable and adaptable nationally as well as
164:, one of its more important features was that more than before, universities and university colleges were obliged to recognise each other's credits while offering a nonprogramme bachelor's degree (elective bachelor's degree) for students' education accumulated from single courses.
137:
internationally. The degree system must be flexible and offer good solutions for an increasingly varied student mass, be it, full-time students, adult- and continuing-education students, students with special needs, and students flexible learning.
84:, the norm in Norway's labour market was that a person be hired by a company or enterprise and remain there for the duration of his or her work life. Later, more and briefer employments became a growing trend as Norway transitioned from
132:
institutions in Norway was that not only universities and university colleges but also single universities had different degree systems. Addressing the challenges related to interinstitutional mobility, the committee wrote:
156:) was passed by the Parliament on 12 June 2001, becoming effective in 2003. Along with a simplified degree system consisting of a three-year bachelor's degree, a two-year master's degree, and a three-year
122:
Committee, section 9.3 'Problems related to the degree structure' identified lengthy study programmes as a primary explanation for why many students did not complete their degree. The committee wrote:
181:
142:
96:
to more people than before and giving the sector a simpler and more uniform structure across the country, the latter also in order to allow higher
339:
Government of Norway (no date). âNOU 2000: 14 : Frihet med ansvar â Om høgre utdanning og forskning i Norgeâ. Retrieved 19 Nov 2019 from
239:
Regulation of 15 June 2018 No. 1090 on
Studies and Exams at the University of South-Eastern Norway, sections 2-2 (1), letter d, (3), 9-1 (4).
185:
568:
291:
Regulation of 26 June 2012 No. 718 on
Studies and Exams at OsloMet â The Metropolitan University, sections 2-3 (1), letter c, 2-4 (2).
231:
351:
Parliament of Norway (no date). âGjør din plikt - krev din rett. Kvalitetsreform av høyere utdanningâ. Retrieved 19 Nov 2019 from
265:
Regulation of 12 December 2008 No. 1568 on
Studies at the University of Tromsø â Norway's Arctic University, sections 6, 8, 11.
141:
Finally, in section 9.5.2, the committee wrote: 'Students who have taken single courses may, after directions specified by the
173:
118:
2000 No. 14 'Freedom with
Responsibility: On Higher Education and Research in Norway', produced by the government-appointed
456:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift om studier ved
Universitetet i Tromsø â Norges arktiske universitetâ. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019 from
283:
213:
Regulation of 22 June 2005 No. 833 on
Studies and Exams at the University of Agder, sections 5 (2), 6 (1), letter e.
308:
226:
Regulation of 20 December 2005 No. 1798 on
Studies and Exams at the University of Oslo, sections 2-1 (2), 2-2 (3).
176:
are obliged by their respective royal regulations to offer elective bachelor's degrees, with exceptions being the
521:
414:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift om studier og eksamen ved
Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge (USN)â. Retrieved 21 Nov 2019 from
115:
278:
Regulation of 31 January 2019 No. 63 on
Studies and Exams at Nord University, sections 2-3 (1), letter c, (2).
252:
Regulation of 6 December 2005 No. 1400 on the
Bachelor's Degree at the University of Stavanger, sections 3, 4.
114:
Two years later, the 2001 Quality Reform was passed as a logic continuation of the 1999 Competence Reform. In
498:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift om studier og eksamen ved OsloMet â storbyuniversitetetâ. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019 from
257:
244:
352:
328:
104:
435:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift for graden bachelor ved Universitetet i Stavanger.â Retrieved 20 Nov 2019 from
393:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift om studier og eksamener ved Universitetet i Osloâ. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019 from
177:
157:
65:
372:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift om studier og eksamen ved Universitetet i Agderâ. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019 from
539:
205:
119:
340:
218:
85:
21:
188:. The degree's official designation, content requirements, and so on vary between universities.
477:
Lovdata.no. âForskrift om studier og eksamen ved Nord universitetâ. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019 from
97:
89:
93:
69:
457:
436:
415:
394:
499:
373:
303:
270:
161:
61:
478:
553:
149:
57:
53:
49:
45:
33:
48:, the elective bachelor's degree is characterised by students not being enrolled in a
562:
516:
81:
327:
Parliament of Norway (no date). âKompetansereformenâ. Retrieved 19 Nov 2019 from
92:. Thus, in 1999 and 2001, Norway adopted two major reforms aimed at opening up
64:
differing from the fixed standard offered by study programmes. A fully-fledged
522:
https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digavis_mossdagblad_null_null_20030324_92_35_1
447:
Literal translation: bachelorâs degree in freely composed disciplines/courses.
68:, the elective bachelor's degree makes the holder eligible for admission to
29:
41:
353:
https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/?p=21539
329:
https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/?p=15481
37:
514:
Bakken, Anbjørg 2003 (24 Mar). 'Tidligere studenter mü tenke nytt!'
160:
was introduced at all universities and university colleges, cf. the
540:
https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digitidsskrift_2011120155030_001
538:, 29 (4). København: Nordisk fÜrening fÜr pedagogisk forskning.
341:
https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2000-14/id142780/
100:
between academic institutions as well as internationally.
458:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2008-12-12-1568
437:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2005-12-06-1400
416:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2018-06-15-1090
395:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2005-12-20-1798
44:
to pursue individual research interests, and facilitate
500:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2012-06-26-718
384:
Literal translation: freely composed bachelorâs degree.
374:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2005-06-22-833
479:
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2019-01-31-63
554:
https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013071008073
405:
Literal translation: self-composed bachelorâs degree.
489:
Literal translation: self-chosen bachelorâs degree.
468:
Literal translation: self-chosen bachelorâs degree.
426:
Literal translation: self-chosen bachelorâs degree.
363:
Literal translation: self-chosen bachelorâs degree.
52:and their flexibility in composing and combining
526:Nordisk fĂśrening fĂśr pedagogisk forskning 2009.
40:. Designed to increase degree completion, allow
544:Witsø, Hilde & Hanne Stousland, eds. 2013.
182:Norwegian University of Science and Technology
8:
190:
127:programmes leading to the first degree.
320:
532:Journal of Nordic educational research
186:Norwegian University of Life Sciences
7:
262:bachelorgrad i fritt sammensatte fag
232:University of South-Eastern Norway
14:
550:Kunnskap og innovasjon pĂĽ Agder
1:
552:Kristiansand: Portal forlag.
223:fritt sammensatt bachelorgrad
585:
569:Academic degrees of Norway
536:Pohjoismainen pedagogiikka
309:Higher education in Norway
236:selvkomponert bachelorgrad
18:elective bachelor's degree
116:Norwegian Official Report
80:In the decades following
245:University of Stavanger
90:knowledge-based economy
32:innovation of the 2001
288:selvvalgt bachelorgrad
249:selvvalgt bachelorgrad
210:selvvalgt bachelorgrad
174:universities in Norway
139:
129:
26:selvvalgt bachelorgrad
25:
134:
124:
258:University of Tromsø
178:University of Bergen
206:University of Agder
520:, 35 (92): 14-15.
275:selvvalgt bachelor
219:University of Oslo
109:Kompetansereformen
86:industrial society
76:Historical context
546:Likestilling 2013
528:Nordisk pedagogik
295:
294:
154:Kvalitetsreformen
105:Competence Reform
66:bachelor's degree
576:
502:
496:
490:
487:
481:
475:
469:
466:
460:
454:
448:
445:
439:
433:
427:
424:
418:
412:
406:
403:
397:
391:
385:
382:
376:
370:
364:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
191:
172:The majority of
94:higher education
70:graduate studies
62:elective courses
584:
583:
579:
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
559:
558:
511:
506:
505:
497:
493:
488:
484:
476:
472:
467:
463:
455:
451:
446:
442:
434:
430:
425:
421:
413:
409:
404:
400:
392:
388:
383:
379:
371:
367:
362:
358:
350:
346:
338:
334:
326:
322:
317:
304:Academic degree
300:
271:Nord University
170:
162:Bologna Process
158:doctoral degree
78:
50:study programme
12:
11:
5:
582:
580:
572:
571:
561:
560:
557:
556:
542:
524:
510:
507:
504:
503:
491:
482:
470:
461:
449:
440:
428:
419:
407:
398:
386:
377:
365:
356:
344:
332:
319:
318:
316:
313:
312:
311:
306:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
280:
279:
276:
273:
267:
266:
263:
260:
254:
253:
250:
247:
241:
240:
237:
234:
228:
227:
224:
221:
215:
214:
211:
208:
202:
201:
198:
195:
169:
166:
150:Quality Reform
77:
74:
46:adult learning
34:Quality Reform
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
581:
570:
567:
566:
564:
555:
551:
547:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
519:
518:
513:
512:
508:
501:
495:
492:
486:
483:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
459:
453:
450:
444:
441:
438:
432:
429:
423:
420:
417:
411:
408:
402:
399:
396:
390:
387:
381:
378:
375:
369:
366:
360:
357:
354:
348:
345:
342:
336:
333:
330:
324:
321:
314:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
297:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
199:
197:Official term
196:
193:
192:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
138:
133:
128:
123:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
75:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
549:
545:
535:
531:
527:
517:Moss Dagblad
515:
494:
485:
473:
464:
452:
443:
431:
422:
410:
401:
389:
380:
368:
359:
347:
335:
323:
171:
153:
147:
140:
135:
130:
125:
113:
108:
102:
82:World War II
79:
17:
15:
200:Regulation
168:Legislation
30:educational
509:Literature
315:References
194:University
184:, and the
143:Ministry
22:Norwegian
563:Category
548: :
534: :
530: :
298:See also
98:mobility
42:students
28:) is an
284:OsloMet
180:, the
60:, and
58:minors
54:majors
38:Norway
152:(No.
107:(No.
148:The
120:Mjøs
103:The
16:The
88:to
36:in
565::
72:.
56:,
24::
20:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.