581:
912:, leading to a rivalry between French and Spanish troops about the strategic cities and fortresses of the Electorate. In 1630, the city of Trier opened its gates to Spanish troops to defend its rights against the absolutist Elector. French troops captured the city in 1632 to help Sötern. In return, they were allowed to install garrisons there and in the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein. Spanish troops retook Trier by surprise in 1635 and imprisoned Sötern. During his absence, the cathedral chapter took over administration of the archbishopric. Imperial troops dispelled the French garrison of Ehrenbreitstein in 1637 and occupied the place until the end of the war. The archbishop was released from captivity in 1645 because of French demands in
1403:
1921:
2144:
1324:
1313:
2346:
1541:
2275:
1569:
2245:
1999:
1972:
2225:
1461:
1662:
1527:
2175:
1414:
1379:
2189:
1960:
2315:
2265:
573:
2165:
2255:
1429:
2215:
2205:
183:
2284:
1948:
1475:
2305:
210:
195:
1984:
553:
561:
1555:
2235:
1861:
1440:
2325:
1499:
2365:
36:
1224:
1871:
1365:
1351:
1513:
779:, and who reigned briefly as King of Lotharingia. He was under great pressure from his independent nobles and desperately needed a powerful ally. The gift cemented the position of the archbishops as territorial lords in their own right. Following Zwentibold's assassination in 900, the handlers of the
976:
The last elector, Clemens
Wenceslaus, resided exclusively in Koblenz after 1786. From 1795, the territories of the Electorate on the left bank of the Rhine were under French occupation; in 1801, they were annexed and a separate French-controlled diocese established under Bishop
973:, relocated to Koblenz in 1786. In August 1794, French Republican troops took Trier. This date marked the end of the era of the old electorate. Churches, abbeys and clerical possessions were sold or the buildings put to secular use, such as stables.
1301:
1279:
2097:
1887:
2447:
2467:
934:, an era of French expansion began. Trier was again captured in 1684; all walls and fortresses were destroyed this time. After Trier and its associated electorate were yet again taken during the
1294:
2427:
597:
2432:
1287:
1998:
981:. In 1803, the French diocese assumed control of the whole diocese and what was left of the electoral territory on the eastern bank of the Rhine was secularized and annexed by
1909:
946:
personally issued the order for these acts of destruction. As the French Army retreated in 1698, it left a starving city without walls and only 2,500 inhabitants.
2314:
2106:
938:
in 1688, many cities in the electorate were systematically destroyed in 1689 by the French Army. Nearly all castles were blown up and the only bridge across the
2462:
2274:
965:
passed Trier on its way to France. When the campaign failed, the French came back to Trier in 1705 and stayed until 1714. After a short period of peace, the
878:
gravely affected the entire territory; it was one of the first mass witch trials of the Holy Roman Empire, and resulted in the death of hundreds of people.
2244:
2345:
2224:
580:
2128:
1172:
2383:
927:
occupied Trier and stayed until 1675. They heavily fortified the city and destroyed all churches, abbeys and settlements in front of the city walls.
1613:
2174:
223:
1902:
2457:
1196:
2164:
2062:
2472:
1118:
488:
53:
1661:
2254:
2264:
2214:
1208:
318:
2204:
2304:
1190:
2452:
2442:
1895:
1202:
845:
119:
2283:
628:
that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century. It was the temporal possession of the prince-archbishop of Trier (
100:
2238:
2228:
737:
for all the churches and monasteries, as well as villages and castles that belonged to the Church of St. Peter at Trier. In 816
72:
2278:
1246:
1166:
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901:
673:
536:
522:
508:
483:
2258:
2188:
1251:
441:
57:
1874:
1056:
969:
started in 1734; the following year Trier was again occupied by the French, who stayed until 1737. The last Prince-Elector,
209:
79:
2324:
2218:
2121:
1756:
950:
864:
815:. From the early 13th century the Archbishop of Trier, as the holder of an imperial office was traditionally an Imperial
2234:
1079:
2208:
1786:
1606:
1544:
1270:
970:
966:
768:
881:
In the 17th century, the
Archbishops and Prince-Electors of Trier relocated their residences to Philippsburg Castle in
2477:
2422:
2287:
1001:
849:
834:
194:
86:
2248:
1530:
1502:
1184:
1148:
2437:
2268:
2178:
1826:
1443:
1266:
1154:
1044:
1032:
935:
826:
1019:
795:, he obtained the final right of election of the Bishop of Trier by the chapter, free of Imperial interference.
68:
2137:
2114:
1925:
1696:
1229:
1136:
1024:
982:
884:
529:
408:
241:
1846:
702:, had been the seat of a bishop since Roman times. It was raised to archiepiscopal status during the reign of
182:
2033:
1864:
1711:
1651:
1599:
1178:
1130:
1124:
1062:
46:
1761:
1701:
1516:
1068:
423:
264:
1806:
1074:
783:
courted Radbod in their turn, granting him the district and city of Trier outright, permission to impose
2318:
1952:
1741:
1478:
1464:
1382:
1160:
1093:
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1013:
647:
572:
2058:
2013:
1976:
1686:
1432:
1417:
1142:
897:
666:
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1964:
1831:
1771:
1726:
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1558:
1354:
1087:
1007:
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696:
515:
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366:
269:
93:
1811:
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2149:
2079:
2066:
1929:
1920:
1746:
1038:
909:
838:
829:, technically from 1242 and permanently from 1263, and nominally until 1803. Arles along with
715:
625:
227:
2349:
1691:
1106:
920:
784:
719:
299:
292:
803:
In early modern times, the
Electorate of Trier still encompassed territory along the river
2168:
2075:
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2038:
2028:
2023:
871:
780:
738:
711:
707:
601:
585:
552:
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395:
282:
254:
163:
149:
1641:
771:
received complete immunity from all taxes for the entire episcopal territory, granted by
760:
at Mersen in 870, it became part of the East
Frankish kingdom, which developed into the
725:
The bishops of Trier were already virtually independent territorial magnates during the
560:
2054:
1937:
1836:
1716:
1646:
1622:
1317:
958:
816:
643:
379:
259:
2416:
1821:
1781:
1721:
978:
939:
565:
791:(as much a symbol of independent authority as an economic tool). From the court of
1841:
1791:
1636:
924:
788:
757:
726:
703:
335:
35:
2364:
17:
2018:
1801:
1796:
1751:
1219:
772:
638:
2398:
2385:
1776:
1736:
1706:
621:
672:
The
Elector of Trier, in his capacity as archbishop, also administered the
953:
in 1702, Trier was occupied again by a French army. In 1704–05, an allied
1681:
1255:(in German), vol. 26, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 50–69
853:
661:; from the 16th century onward, the main residence of the Elector was in
676:, whose territory did not correspond to the electorate (see map below).
1731:
890:
825:
arose in the 13th century. In this context, that was taken to mean the
808:
804:
662:
646:
of the empire. The other ecclesiastical electors were the electors of
1766:
905:
753:
730:
1676:
812:
742:
734:
689:
658:
579:
571:
559:
551:
392:
237:
1591:
745:
the privileges of protection and immunity granted by his father.
2110:
1891:
1595:
1283:
870:
was held in Trier in 1512, during which the demarcation of the
665:. The electorate was secularized in 1803 in the course of the
29:
1269:
of the
Imperial territories on the left-bank of the Rhine,
874:
was definitively established. Between 1581 and 1593, the
756:
in 843, Trier was given to
Lothair; at the partition of
919:
Warfare returned to the
Electorate in 1673 during the
733:
complete immunity from the jurisdiction of the ruling
2448:
Former states and territories of
Rhineland-Palatinate
2468:
Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire in France
2337:
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2006:
1936:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1273:was archbishop with effect on the right bank only.
819:of the German king. The purely honorary office of
856:held a meeting in Trier. In this same year, the
2428:1801 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
837:was one of the three component kingdoms of the
692:, as the important Roman provincial capital of
2433:States and territories established in the 890s
2122:
1903:
1607:
1295:
8:
882:
862:
729:dynasty. In 772, Charlemagne granted Bishop
630:
610:
155:
141:
1320:of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806
807:between Trier, near the French border, and
694:
2129:
2115:
2107:
1910:
1896:
1888:
1614:
1600:
1592:
1334:
1302:
1288:
1280:
860:was founded in the city. A session of the
208:
133:
1173:Karl Kaspar von der Leyen-Hohengeroldseck
556:The Roman Bridge across the Moselle River
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:State of the Holy Roman Empire (898–1801)
993:For a complete list of archbishops, see
706:, whose will mentions the bishoprics of
1237:
775:, who was the natural son of Emperor
432:
419:
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7:
2463:Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire
1870:
1119:Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads
576:Archdioceses of Central Europe, 1500
489:List of counts palatine of the Rhine
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1209:Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
564:The Constantine Basilica in Trier (
319:Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
1197:Franz Georg von Schönborn-Buchheim
1191:Franz Ludwig of Palatinate-Neuburg
657:The capital of the electorate was
25:
1203:Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff
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1511:
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1473:
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1438:
1427:
1412:
1401:
1377:
1363:
1349:
1322:
1311:
1222:
534:
520:
506:
481:
193:
181:
34:
995:Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier
214:The Electorate of Trier in 1720
45:needs additional citations for
1252:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
442:Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine
1:
951:War of the Spanish Succession
584:Map from the 18th century by
2458:Archbishop-electors of Trier
1271:Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
1167:Philipp Christoph von Sötern
989:Archbishop-Electors of Trier
971:Clement Wenceslaus of Saxony
967:War of the Polish Succession
936:War of Palatinate Succession
902:Philipp Christoph von Sötern
2473:Former monarchies of Europe
1247:Philipp Christoph v. Sötern
1057:Bohemond II von SaarbrĂĽcken
622:ecclesiastical principality
2494:
1185:Charles Joseph of Lorraine
1020:Heinrich II von Finstingen
992:
2358:
2185:
2063:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
2047:
1995:
1855:
1658:
1493:Added in the 19th century
1455:Added in the 17th century
1332:
1047:1300–1306 (in opposition)
1045:Heinrich II von Virneburg
1033:Bohemond I von Warnesberg
942:in Trier was burnt. King
835:medieval Kingdom of Italy
827:Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles
460:
456:
349:
324:
308:
270:Moselle Franconian German
207:
177:
172:
2453:History of the Rhineland
2443:Electoral Rhenish Circle
1926:Electoral Rhenish Circle
1230:Holy Roman Empire portal
1137:John of Isenburg-Grenzau
748:At the partition of the
741:confirmed to Archbishop
530:House of Nassau-Weilburg
355:• Autonomy granted
2140:(1609–1635) within the
2098:Unencircled territories
1179:Johann Hugo von Orsbeck
1149:Jakob von Eltz-RĂĽbenach
1131:Johann Ludwig von Hagen
1125:Johann von Metzenhausen
1063:Kuno II von Falkenstein
822:Arch-chancellor of Gaul
2370:Catholicism portal
1245:Wagner, Paul (1888), "
1155:Johann von Schönenberg
1069:Werner von Falkenstein
1014:Arnold II von Isenburg
961:army commanded by the
883:
863:
695:
631:
611:
605:
588:
577:
569:
557:
156:
142:
1265:From 1794, after the
1161:Lothar von Metternich
1051:Baldwin von Luxemburg
900:, Archbishop-Elector
583:
575:
563:
555:
385:between 1189 and 1212
248:Common languages
69:"Electorate of Trier"
1143:Johann von der Leyen
674:Archdiocese of Trier
667:German mediatisation
54:improve this article
2395: /
2074:Circles est. 1512:
2049:Circles est. 1500:
1928:(1512–1806) of the
1712:Brandenburg-Ansbach
1088:Raban von Helmstatt
1075:Otto von Ziegenhain
1008:Theoderich von Wied
963:Duke of Marlborough
944:Louis XIV of France
932:War of the Reunions
858:University of Trier
787:and the right to a
777:Arnulf of Carinthia
767:In 898, Archbishop
606:KurfĂĽrstentum Trier
593:Electorate of Trier
424:Treaty of Lunéville
157:Électorat de Trèves
143:KurfĂĽrstentum Trier
138:Electorate of Trier
2478:Former theocracies
2423:898 establishments
2095:
2091:
1338:
1113:Jakob II von Baden
1094:Jakob I von Sierck
1039:Diether von Nassau
930:In 1684, with the
876:Trier witch trials
793:Charles the Simple
762:Kingdom of Germany
750:Carolingian empire
697:Augusta Treverorum
589:
578:
570:
558:
516:Sarre (department)
367:Imperial immediacy
2378:
2377:
2150:Holy Roman Empire
2104:
2103:
2088:Electoral Rhenish
2007:Other territories
1930:Holy Roman Empire
1885:
1884:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1423:(until 1777)
898:Thirty Years' War
844:In 1473, Emperor
839:Holy Roman Empire
626:Holy Roman Empire
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
494:
493:
378:• Raised to
314:• 1768–1803
228:Holy Roman Empire
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2485:
2438:History of Trier
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2409:
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2406:
2405:
2400:
2399:49.767°N 6.650°E
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2148:
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2124:
2117:
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2092:
2024:Nassau-Beilstein
2001:
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1986:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1961:
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1949:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1873:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1807:Schwäbisch Gmünd
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1281:
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1263:
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1256:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1107:John II of Baden
1102:
1083:
1028:
921:Franco-Dutch War
888:
872:Imperial Circles
868:
850:Charles the Bold
781:child-king Louis
700:
634:
614:
600:
538:
537:
524:
523:
510:
509:
498:
497:
485:
484:
478:
477:
462:
461:
300:Elector of Trier
293:Prince-Bishopric
212:
197:
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167:
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125:
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111:
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103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
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2183:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2138:Catholic League
2135:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2073:
2043:
2039:Thurn and Taxis
2029:Nieder-Isenburg
2002:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1945:
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1918:
1916:
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1881:
1851:
1812:Schwäbisch Hall
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1321:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1278:
1277:
1267:French conquest
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1228:
1223:
1221:
1218:
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1077:
1022:
998:
991:
983:Nassau-Weilburg
885:Ehrenbreitstein
801:
739:Louis the Pious
687:
682:
632:Erzbistum Trier
596:
586:Frederik de Wit
535:
521:
507:
502:Rhin-et-Moselle
482:
449:
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440:
429:9 February 1801
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283:Catholic Church
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242:Ehrenbreitstein
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106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Electoral Trier
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11:
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2297:Archbishoprics
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2231:
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2171:
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2136:
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2101:
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2036:
2031:
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2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
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1991:
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1967:
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1942:
1940:
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1933:
1917:
1915:
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1907:
1900:
1892:
1883:
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1867:
1856:
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1814:
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1679:
1673:
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1659:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1647:Franconian War
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:Swabian League
1621:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1587:
1586:
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1581:
1491:
1490:
1489:
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1234:
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1214:
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1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
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1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1091:
1085:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1017:
1011:
1005:
990:
987:
979:Charles Mannay
800:
797:
785:customs duties
686:
683:
681:
678:
644:prince-elector
548:
547:
544:
543:
540:
539:
532:
526:
525:
518:
512:
511:
504:
495:
492:
491:
486:
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473:
468:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
434:
431:
430:
427:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:Rhenish Circle
407:• Joined
406:
403:
402:
399:
390:
387:
386:
383:
377:
374:
373:
370:
364:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
344:
343:
338:
332:
330:
329:Historical era
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
313:
310:
309:
306:
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302:
296:
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286:
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140:
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128:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2490:
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2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2404:49.767; 6.650
2371:
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2336:
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2301:
2299:
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2276:
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2266:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2071:(Lower) Saxon
2068:
2064:
2060:
2059:Upper Rhenish
2056:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1848:
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1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
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1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
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1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
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1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
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1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1652:Peasants' War
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1574:
1560:
1546:
1532:
1518:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1480:
1466:
1456:
1450:
1445:
1434:
1419:
1408:
1398:
1392:
1384:
1370:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1319:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
988:
986:
984:
980:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
887:
886:
879:
877:
873:
869:
867:
866:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Frederick III
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
699:
698:
691:
684:
679:
677:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
635:
633:
627:
623:
619:
615:
613:
607:
603:
599:
594:
587:
582:
574:
567:
566:Aula Palatina
562:
554:
533:
531:
528:
527:
519:
517:
514:
513:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
490:
487:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
443:
438:
437:Reconstituted
428:
425:
415:
412:
400:
397:
394:
384:
381:
371:
368:
358:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
331:
327:
323:
320:
317:
303:
301:
294:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
271:
268:
266:
265:Luxembourgish
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
250:
246:
243:
239:
236:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
211:
206:
196:
184:
176:
171:
165:
158:
151:
144:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:December 2015
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2380:
2328:
2087:
1988:
1875:
1816:
1642:Knights' War
1492:
1454:
1396:
1387:(until 1803)
1373:(until 1803)
1368:
1359:(until 1803)
1344:
1261:
1250:
1240:
975:
948:
929:
918:
908:against the
895:
880:
861:
843:
821:
820:
802:
799:Early modern
766:
747:
724:
693:
688:
671:
656:
637:
629:
617:
609:
592:
590:
471:Succeeded by
470:
465:
341:Early Modern
200:Coat of arms
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2402: /
2084:Upper Saxon
1938:Electorates
1847:WĂĽrttemberg
1792:Pfullendorf
1717:DinkelsbĂĽhl
1637:Swabian War
1576:(1803–1806)
1562:(1803–1806)
1548:(1803–1806)
1545:WĂĽrttemberg
1534:(1805–1806)
1520:(1803–1805)
1507:(1803–1806)
1444:Brandenburg
1097: [
1078: [
1023: [
949:During the
925:French Army
923:, when the
896:During the
758:Lotharingia
727:Merovingian
704:Charlemagne
685:Middle ages
636:) who was,
466:Preceded by
452:9 June 1815
396:city rights
336:Middle Ages
2417:Categories
2197:Bishoprics
2080:Burgundian
2067:Franconian
2019:Gelnhausen
1977:Palatinate
1822:Ăśberlingen
1802:Reutlingen
1797:Ravensburg
1787:Palatinate
1782:Nördlingen
1752:Kaufbeuren
1722:Donauwörth
1503:Regensburg
1418:Palatinate
914:Westphalia
904:supported
852:, Duke of
773:Zwentibold
720:suffragans
639:ex officio
380:electorate
289:Government
80:newspapers
2259:StraĂźburg
2229:Eichstätt
2219:Constance
2169:Ellwangen
1777:Memmingen
1762:Leutkirch
1737:Heilbronn
1727:Esslingen
1707:Bopfingen
1345:Spiritual
1216:Footnotes
1211:1768–1803
1181:1676–1711
1163:1599–1623
1121:1511–1531
1115:1503–1511
1109:1456–1503
1103:1439–1456
1090:1430–1438
1084:1418–1430
1071:1388–1418
1065:1362–1388
1059:1354–1362
1053:1307–1354
1041:1300–1307
1035:1286–1299
1029:1260–1286
1016:1242–1259
1010:1212–1242
1004:1189–1212
985:in 1803.
910:Habsburgs
865:Reichstag
620:) was an
598:‹See Tfd›
409:Electoral
279:Religion
2279:WĂĽrzburg
2209:Augsburg
2157:Abbacies
2076:Austrian
2051:Bavarian
2034:Rheineck
1865:Category
1702:Biberach
1697:Bayreuth
1682:Augsburg
1531:WĂĽrzburg
1517:Salzburg
1318:Electors
854:Burgundy
833:and the
612:Kurtrier
173:898–1801
2387:49°46′N
2350:Bavaria
2338:Duchies
2319:Cologne
2288:Bamberg
2179:Kempten
2055:Swabian
2014:Koblenz
1953:Cologne
1876:Commons
1842:Wimpfen
1757:Kempten
1732:Giengen
1692:Bavaria
1670:Members
1630:History
1479:Hanover
1465:Bavaria
1407:Bohemia
1397:Secular
1383:Cologne
1205:1756–68
1199:1729–56
1193:1716–29
1187:1711–15
1175:1652–76
1169:1623–52
1157:1581–99
1151:1567–81
1145:1556–67
1139:1547–56
1133:1540–47
1127:1531–40
940:Moselle
891:Koblenz
889:, near
831:Germany
817:Elector
811:on the
809:Koblenz
805:Moselle
718:as its
680:History
663:Koblenz
648:Cologne
624:of the
447:Prussia
445:within
435:•
422:•
391:•
365:•
234:Capital
226:of the
94:scholar
2390:6°39′E
2249:Speyer
2239:Passau
2147:
1832:Wangen
1767:Lindau
1483:(1692)
1469:(1623)
1433:Saxony
1421:
1002:John I
906:France
769:Radbod
754:Verdun
731:Wiomad
716:Verdun
618:Trèves
602:German
304:
255:French
220:Status
164:French
160:
150:German
146:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2329:Trier
2309:Mainz
2269:Worms
1989:Trier
1965:Mainz
1817:Trier
1772:Mainz
1742:Hesse
1687:Baden
1677:Aalen
1573:Hesse
1559:Baden
1369:Trier
1355:Mainz
1101:]
1082:]
1027:]
959:Dutch
955:Anglo
813:Rhine
743:Hetto
735:count
690:Trier
659:Trier
652:Mainz
393:Trier
260:Latin
238:Trier
224:State
101:JSTOR
87:books
2281:and
1837:Weil
1747:Isny
848:and
789:mint
714:and
712:Toul
708:Metz
650:and
642:, a
591:The
416:1512
401:1212
188:Flag
73:news
1827:Ulm
1249:",
752:at
616:or
608:or
372:898
359:772
56:by
2419::
2093:·
2086:,
2082:,
2078:,
2069:,
2065:,
2061:,
2057:,
2053:,
1099:de
1080:de
1025:de
916:.
893:.
841:.
764:.
722:.
710:,
669:.
654:.
604::
439:as
240:,
2130:e
2123:t
2116:v
1911:e
1904:t
1897:v
1615:e
1608:t
1601:v
1303:e
1296:t
1289:v
997:.
957:-
595:(
568:)
166:)
162:(
152:)
148:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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