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velocity, whereas electrostatic fields will cause electrons to move along the field gradient, which may change electron energies if the component of the direction of propagation and field gradients are not perpendicular. Owing to these effects, sector based designs are commonly used in electron spectrometers.
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An electrostatic electron spectrometer uses the electric field, which cause electrons to move along field gradients, whereas magnetic devices cause electrons to move at right angles to the field. Magnetic fields will act in a direction perpendicular to the electron propagation, thereby conserving
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in which the beam of electrons is bent with electric or magnetic fields. Higher energy electrons will be bent less by the beam, this produces a spatially distributed range of energies.
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in the solution of motion in a magnetic or electric system with rotational symmetry leads to radial focusing onto a mean radius. By superposition of a
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and related techniques. There, a position sensitive detector detects the energy along one direction and depending on the additional
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spectra from single crystals exhibit a dependency on the emission angle, and the entrance slit is needed at the entrance of the
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vanishes. By breaking the rotational symmetry a bit and varying the electrostatic potential along the mean path of the
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All the electrons from an isotopic source may be sucked off and focused into a directed beam (much like in an
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Device used to perform different forms of electron spectroscopy and electron microscopy
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Electron spectrometers are used on a range of scientific equipment, including
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axial focusing is possible while weakening the radial focusing, until the
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Roy, D.; Tremblay, D. (1990). "Design of electron spectrometers".
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Zworykin,V; Morton, G; Ramberg, E; Hillier J; Vance A (1945).
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Electron spectrometers may determine electron energy based on
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lateral resolution or one angle along the other direction.
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251:Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy
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229:Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
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241:Electron energy loss spectroscopy
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338:. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
261:Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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