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1065:. The difference between these is that the pitch bend wheel always flicks back to its default position – the center – while the modulation wheel can be placed freely. By default, the pitch bend wheel controls the pitch of the note in small values, allowing the simulation of slides and other techniques which control the pitch more subtly. The modulation wheel is usually set to control a tremolo effect by default. However, on most electronic keyboards, the user will be able to map any MIDI control to these wheels. Professional MIDI controller keyboards often also have an array of knobs and sliders to modulate various MIDI controls, which are often used to control DSP effects.
801:: The point on a keyboard where the choice of instrument can be split to allow two instruments to be played at once. In the late 1980s it was common to use a MIDI controller to control more than one keyboard from a single device. The MIDI controller had no sound of its own, but was designed for the sole purpose of allowing access to more sound controls for performance purposes. MIDI controllers allowed one to split the keyboard into two or more sections and assign each section to a MIDI channel, to send note data to an external keyboard. Many consumer keyboards offer at least one split to separate bass or auto-accompaniment chording instruments from the melody instrument.
330:: A program (usually embedded in a computer chip) which handles user interaction with controllers such as the musical keyboard, menus, and buttons. These controllers enable the user to select different instrument sounds (e.g., piano, guitar, strings, drum kit), digital effects (reverb, echo, chorus or sustain), and other features (e.g., transposition, accompaniments, sequencer, recording, external media, etc.). The user interface system usually includes an LCD screen that gives the user information about the synthesized sound they have selected like tempo, or effects that are activated (e.g., reverb) and other features.
789:: In digital music terminology, polyphony refers to the maximum number of notes that can be produced by the sound generator at once. Polyphony allows significantly smoother and more natural transitions between notes. Inexpensive toy electronic keyboards designed for children can usually only play five to ten notes at a time. Many low priced keyboards can perform 24 or 32 notes at a time. More advanced keyboards can perform over 48 notes at a time with 64 or 128 notes being common. Digital pianos, has more complex polyphonic system and could perform by up to 256 notes.
667:- Professional electronic keyboards that combine the features of a synthesizer and a conventional home keyboard. Workstations have a range of high-quality sampled instrument sounds, as well as extensive editing/recording capability, computer connectivity, high-powered speakers, and often include external memory storage for storing customized data, MIDI sequences, and even additional instrument samples. A high-end workstation keyboard may include several features similar to a
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1046:. These effects are usually mapped to three of the 127 MIDI controls within the keyboard's infrastructure – one for reverb, one for chorus and one for other effects – and are generally configurable through the keyboard's graphical interface. Additionally, many keyboards have "auto-harmony" effects which will complement each note played with one or more notes of higher or lower pitch, to create an
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playing techniques, such as backhanded sweeps, impossible, but make the keyboards lighter and easier to transport. Players accustomed to acoustic piano keys may find non-weighted spring-action keyboards uncomfortable and difficult to play effectively. Conversely, keyboard players accustomed to the non-weighted action may encounter difficulty and discomfort playing on an acoustic piano.
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372:, typically ranging from less than 2.5 to over 30 watts, connected to the sound generator chip. The amplifier is then connected to small, low-powered speakers that reproduce the synthesized sounds so that the listener can hear them. Older and less expensive keyboards may have a single mono speaker. Most keyboards usually have two speakers producing stereo sound, often with
484:, replicating the similar device used on acoustic pianos, 1/4" jack is provided for this purpose. By comparison, on a digital piano, a sustain pedal is often built into the frame, usually with a proprietary connector. The least expensive home keyboards do not have a sustain function or a sustain pedal jack, which limits their use to early beginners.
759:(or touch sensitivity) allows keyboards to mimic the sound variations caused by how hard a key is pressed. Cheaper keyboards offer basic volume control, while more expensive models replicate the tonal changes of acoustic instruments. This can be done with multiple sensors, multiple samples per key, or by modeling the sound behavior (ADSR envelope).
639:. They are not sensitive to the climate or humidity changes in a room and there is also no need for tuning, as with acoustic pianos. Digital pianos are often mounted on stands with a fixed sustain (or other) pedal attached to the frame; as such, most are not designed for transportation. The target market is mid-level to advanced pianists.
774:
after the initial note has been sounded, the keyboard will add an effect such as vibrato or sustain. After-touch is found on many mid-range and high-range synthesizers, and is an important modulation source on modern keyboards. After-touch is most prevalent in music of the mid to late 1980s, such as the opening string-pad on
217:, organ, violin, etc.) along with synthesizer tones. Designed primarily for beginners and home users, they generally feature unweighted keys. While budget models lack velocity sensitivity, mid-range options and above often include it. These keyboards have limited sound editing options, focusing on preset sounds.
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featured after-touch as early as 1977) whereby dynamics are added after the key is hit, allowing the sound to be modulated in some way (such as fade away or return), based upon the amount of pressure applied to the keyboard. For example, in some synth voices, if the key continues to be pressed hard
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Compared to digital pianos or stage pianos, digital home keyboards are usually much lower in cost, as they have unweighted keys. Like digital pianos, they usually feature on-board amplifiers and loudspeakers. Stage pianos, however, typically do not have integrated amplifiers and speakers, as these
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MIDI, Musical
Instrument Digital Interface, is a serial data connection which operates with any make or model of instrument which provides for it. Electronic keyboards use MIDI, a universal language for digital instruments. MIDI transmits which notes are played, their duration, and often velocity
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In 1975, Moog's
Polymoog merged a synthesizer with an organ, offering full polyphony through individual circuit boards. Crumar's "Multiman" organ with synthesizer arrived, and ARP Omni combined a synthesizer with a string machine and bass in 1976. Korg's PE-1000 that year featured a dedicated saw
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have a light, springy feel to their keys, similar to the action of an organ. The least expensive keyboards, often with non-full size keys, use keys that are mounted on soft rubber pads that also act as electronic switches. Most electronic keyboards use spring-loaded keys that make some kinds of
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instead, which serve as both input and output in a single connection. Since the 2010s, MIDI in/out terminals are only available in professional-grade keyboards, stage pianos and high-end synthesizers, while low-cost home keyboards, digital pianos, and lower-end synthesizers use USB as the only
745:: Auto accompaniment allows single key presses to trigger entire chords, often within a specific rhythm and style (e.g., rock, pop). Many keyboards can automatically play these chords in tempo with an onboard rhythm track, and offer the ability to form complex chords like inversions.
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on a piano by turning on and off the MIDI control which adds sustain to a note. However, since they are also simple MIDI devices, foot switches can usually be configured to turn on and off any MIDI controlled function, such as switching one of the DSP effects, or the auto-harmony.
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by some manufacturers), consist of a variety of genres for the player to use (e.g., pop, rock, jazz, country, reggae). The keyboard plays a chord voicing and rhythm which is appropriate for the selected genre. In general, programmed backing tracks usually imitate the sound of a
883:: A feature of some keyboards that automatically adds secondary tones to a note based upon chords given by the accompaniment system, to make harmony easier for players who lack the ability to make complex chord changes with their left hand.
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built into the instrument. In most cases they can fully replace acoustic pianos and provide several features, such as recording and saving files to a computer. Many digital pianos can imitate the sounds of several instruments, including a
817:: Most electronic keyboards have keys that are similar to the size of keys on an acoustic piano. Some electronic keyboards have minikeys, either because they are targeted at child users or to make the instrument smaller and more portable.
336:: A software program which produces rhythms and chords by the means of computerized commands, typically MIDI. Electronic hardware can also do this. Most computerized arrangers can play a selection of rhythms (e.g., rock, pop, jazz).
584:
polyphonic synthesizers introduced 'memory'. In 1978, Oberheim's OB-1 brought electronic storage of sound settings. That year, Sequential
Circuits Prophet-5 offered the feature in a five-voice polyphonic synthesizer. Fender's
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focus of home electronic keyboards is not on detailed control or creation of sound synthesis parameters. Most home electronic keyboards offer little or no control or editing of the sounds (although a selection of
751:: Most keyboards come with demo songs showcasing various sounds and effects. These can be used by salespeople, for self-learning with lighted keys highlighting the correct notes, or simply for enjoyment.
399:: Most keyboards usually incorporate 5-pin MIDI connections for data communication, typically so the keyboard can be connected with either a computer or another electronic musical instrument, such as a
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do what hammer action keys do, but also has a different feel on the low versus high notes as on a mechanical piano keyboard. The lower note keys have a higher resistance than the higher note keys.
863:: Usually, backing tracks comprises two to four sections, as well as fill-in patterns, introduction/ending patterns, and various synchronizations to improve the effects of the accompaniment.
589:, the first computer-controlled keyboard, resulted from ARP's engineers being acquired by Fender in 1979. Its successor, the Chroma Polaris, released in 1984, featured the 'Chroma' port.
458:'s lineup of high-end electronic keyboards in the mid-2000s and has become a standard feature since. Most keyboards since the 2010s use USB storage, with the exception of certain
2002:
943:). It consists of nine editable virtual sliders that resemble the drawbars of a tonewheel organ, and features various effects such as rotary speaker, percussion, and tremolo.
997:
is a term applied to keyboards with spring action like a non-weighted keyboard but that have extra weight added to the keys to give them more resistance and responsive feel.
781:, which is only possible with the use of after-touch (or one hand on the volume control). After-touch is not normally found on inexpensive, beginner-level home keyboards.
795:: The ability to play more than one kind of instrument sound at the same time, such as with the Roland MT-32's ability to play up to eight different instruments at once.
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by means of MIDI cable and connections. MIDI controllers often provide other sliders, knobs and buttons, which enable the player to control elements such as volume.
840:. Certain keyboards may include a feature that allows the performer to create, compose and customize their own accompaniments. This feature is usually called a
386:: Keyboards may or may not have an internal power supply system built to the main circuit board, but most modern keyboards are often equipped with an included
1057:
DSP effects can also be controlled on the fly by physical controllers. Electronic keyboards often have two wheels on the left hand side, generally known as a
454:. Floppy disks and cartridges were obsolete by the early 2000s, with memory cards starting to replace them shortly afterwards. USB storage was popularized by
515:
emerged in the 14th century CE, Technological strides brought more advanced keyboards, including the modern 12-tone version. Initially, instruments like the
415:. Not all keyboards have conventional MIDI terminals and connector. The least expensive models may have no MIDI connections. Post-2000s keyboards may have a
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1085:. Keyboard ensembles are mostly performed within a band on an elaborate stage, while some can even serve as a simpler substitute to the more conventional
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In addition to the basic accompaniment tracks, some keyboards have an extra feature to play different loops in conjunction with the backing track itself.
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in 1874, producing sound through electromagnetic vibrations. Gray later added a single-note oscillator and a diaphragm-based loudspeaker for audibility.
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use some kind of mechanism to replicate the action of a mechanical piano. This is often achieved with some kind of lever mechanism connected to the key.
474:: A metal or plastic rack for holding sheet music or music books upright. The music stand is usually removable to facilitate storage and transportation.
438:: Usually available on professional-grade keyboards and synthesizers, this allows the user to store data in externally connected storage media such as
935:: Usually found only on high-end, expensive keyboards and workstations, this feature allows the performer to emulate digitally-modeled sounds of a
869:: A parameter that determines the speed of rhythms, chords and other auto-generated content on electronic keyboards. The unit of this parameter is
805:
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stringed instrument, made by Václav Prokop Diviš in 1748, with 700 electrified strings. In 1760, Jean
Baptiste Thillaie de Laborde introduced the
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Most electronic keyboards also have a socket at the back, into which a foot switch can be plugged. The most common function is to simulate the
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indicate that some kind of effort has been made to give the keyboard more resistance and responsive feel similar to that of an acoustic piano.
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253:, the latter often refers to less advanced or inexpensive models intended for beginners. The obscure term "portable organ" was widely used in
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1023:(how hard a key is pressed). Keyboards translate key pressure into MIDI velocity data, which controls the loudness of the generated sound.
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computer software, allowing an even more advanced features such as mixing, mastering, sound design, creating loops and patterns, composing
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651:. The Hammond organ and electric piano sounds on a stage piano are typically more realistic than those found on a digital piano.
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In live performances, multiple electronic keyboards could be played together at one time, each by one musician, forming a
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320:: Electronic keyboards typically use unweighted keys for portability and affordability. In contrast, digital pianos have
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1150:
British Patent no. 1,509,530 by
Nicholas K. Kirk filed 19th. Nov. 1974. - Apparatus for recording and replaying music.
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countries to refer to electronic keyboards in the 1990s, due to the similar features between electronic keyboards and
699:: worn on a strap over the shoulders, enabling the performer to move around on a stage. The name is a portmanteau of
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659:- Electronic keyboards that use various sound synthesis technologies to produce a wide variety of electronic sounds.
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647:- A type of high-quality digital piano with weighted keys, designed for professional touring use on stage or in a
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Conventional home keyboards differ from other electronic keyboards due to the design, features and target market:
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Analog
Synthesizers: Understanding, Performing, Buying--From the Legacy of Moog to Software Synthesis
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Electric keyboards began with applying electric sound technology. The first was the
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commands and producing sounds. Electronic keyboard romplers usually incorporate
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1281:"The Denis D'Or "Golden Dionysis", Václav Prokop Diviš. Czech republic, 1748"
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606:- Electronic keyboards designed to sound and feel like an ordinary acoustic
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19:"Portable keyboard" redirects here. For portable typing keyboards, see
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765:: A feature brought in the late 1980s (although synthesizers like the
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Electronic keyboards offer a diverse selection of instrument sounds (
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The major components of a typical modern electronic keyboard are:
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1583:"What are weighted keyboards & why do weighted keys matter?"
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and so on. A common control on contemporary keyboards is the
534:, an electrically activated keyboard without sound creation.
261:, the latter of which were popular in the late 20th century.
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in a professional concert setting. Unlike synthesizers, the
823:: Pre-programmed musical accompaniment tracks (also called
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A child playing a Casio keyboard with small-size minikeys.
917:, adjusting the pitch of a note usually in the range of
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Casio CTK-530, an early-1990s electronic keyboard with
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
198:. In technical terms, an electronic keyboard is a
561:keyboard. Roland also released early polyphonic
503:in the 3rd century BCE, later evolving into the
276:, most types of electronic keyboards (including
507:and smaller portative and positive organs. The
499:Keyboard instruments trace back to the ancient
725:or more preset sounds is typically provided).
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2003:Electric and electronic keyboard instruments
245:An electronic keyboard may also be called a
346:, typically contained within an integrated
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861:Accompaniment sections and synchronization
873:. Many keyboards feature audio or visual
324:to replicate the feel of acoustic pianos.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1161:"Water Organ Invented by Ancient Greeks"
712:instruments are normally plugged into a
127:
1250:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47638
1143:
743:Auto accompaniment / chord recognition
284:) were simply often referred to as a "
202:-based synthesizer with a low-wattage
350:(ROM), which is capable of accepting
7:
1186:Howard, Graham (December 21, 2017).
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1554:"What Is A Semi Weighted Keyboard?"
1026:MIDI data can also be used to add
14:
769:extensively used by artists like
1212:Kraemer, Brandy (May 24, 2019).
553:with eight voices. The EP-30 by
30:
737:Playing an electronic keyboard.
178:. Electronic keyboards include
41:needs additional citations for
1528:"Fender Rhodes Chroma Polaris"
1030:to the sounds played, such as
411:, allowing it to be used as a
322:weighted or semi-weighted keys
1:
334:Computerized musical arranger
172:electronic musical instrument
821:Accompaniment backing tracks
610:. They typically contain an
1384:A TALE OF TWO STRING SYNTHS
925:. Some keyboards include a
480:: If a home keyboard has a
360:physical modeling synthesis
135:PSR-290 electronic keyboard
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949:: A common feature of the
573:oscillator for each note.
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196:digital audio workstations
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1363:. CRC Press. p. 89.
1007:Graded hammer action keys
669:digital audio workstation
565:, the RS-101 in 1975 and
557:in 1974 became the first
495:History of home keyboards
380:for more advanced models.
1334:, Vintage Synth Explorer
729:Concepts and definitions
1933:Piano Technicians Guild
1188:"History of Clavichord"
779:When Your Heart Is Weak
436:External storage device
1482:Vintage Synth Explorer
1457:Vintage Synth Explorer
1359:Jenkins, Mark (2009).
982:Non-weighted keyboards
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551:polyphonic synthesizer
366:Amplifier and speakers
356:sample-based synthesis
259:electronic home organs
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1507:bestkeyboardpiano.net
1503:"Best Keyboard Piano"
1238:Davies, Hugh (2001).
1214:"Harpsichord History"
963:sympathetic resonance
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538:invented the musical
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65:"Electronic keyboard"
2008:Keyboard instruments
1954:Amplifiers, speakers
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1287:. September 23, 2013
1132:Software synthesizer
756:Velocity sensitivity
687:software synthesizer
549:introduced an early
368:: an internal audio
176:keyboard instruments
50:improve this article
1801:Isomorphic keyboard
1791:Enharmonic keyboard
1681:Electronic keyboard
1307:"Musical Telegraph"
563:string synthesizers
532:clavecin électrique
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160:electronic keyboard
154:electronic keyboard
1961:Keyboard amplifier
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1581:Glynn, Lee (2018)
1167:. November 9, 2017
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1911:
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1874:
1872:Pedal keyboard
1869:
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1836:
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1806:Jankó keyboard
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1753:Electric piano
1750:
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1671:Clavicytherium
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1596:
1588:
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1574:
1544:
1519:
1494:
1469:
1453:"Yamaha CS-60"
1444:
1428:"Korg PE-1000"
1419:
1394:
1389:Sound on Sound
1376:
1369:
1351:
1336:
1324:
1298:
1272:
1258:
1230:
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986:
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834:rhythm section
825:rhythm pattern
818:
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796:
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782:
760:
752:
746:
730:
727:
709:
708:
690:
676:
660:
652:
640:
625:electric piano
594:
591:
493:Main article:
490:
487:
486:
485:
475:
467:
440:ROM cartridges
433:
421:
391:
381:
363:
337:
331:
325:
308:
305:
292:: синтезатор,
278:digital pianos
230:
227:
184:digital pianos
124:
123:
106:September 2020
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2020:
2009:
2006:
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1975:Miscellaneous
1973:
1967:
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1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Digital piano
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:Theatre organ
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
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1716:Hammond organ
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1707:
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1649:
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1644:
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1641:Bowed clavier
1639:
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1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1564:on 2020-10-26
1563:
1559:
1558:Sound Unsound
1555:
1548:
1545:
1533:
1532:Encyclotronic
1529:
1523:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1479:
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1445:
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1432:Encyclotronic
1429:
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1137:
1133:
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1128:
1125:
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1113:
1112:Digital piano
1110:
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1055:
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1033:
1029:
1024:
1018:MIDI controls
1017:
1008:
1005:
1002:
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992:
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987:
983:
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979:
978:
974:
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951:digital piano
948:
945:
942:
938:
934:
931:
928:
924:
923:potentiometer
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:pitch bending
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:
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872:
868:
865:
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859:
854:
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850:style creator
847:
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772:
768:
764:
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749:Demonstration
747:
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735:
728:
726:
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670:
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661:
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646:
645:
641:
638:
634:
633:Hammond organ
630:
626:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:
603:Digital piano
600:
599:
598:
592:
590:
588:
587:Rhodes Chroma
583:
579:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
545:In 1973, the
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
496:
488:
483:
479:
478:Sustain pedal
476:
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472:
468:
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297:
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251:home keyboard
248:
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120:
117:
109:
98:
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88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1811:Short octave
1691:Harmonichord
1680:
1577:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1557:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1509:. 2023-06-26
1506:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:
1403:"Multiman S"
1397:
1387:
1379:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1339:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1240:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1146:
1127:Sound module
1089:, replacing
1082:
1080:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1025:
1021:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
981:
976:
973:non-weighted
972:
968:
946:
940:
932:
914:
886:
880:
870:
866:
860:
849:
845:
841:
829:rhythm style
828:
824:
820:
814:
798:
793:Multi-timbre
792:
784:
778:
776:Cock Robin's
762:
754:
748:
742:
717:
710:
704:
700:
683:sound module
662:
654:
642:
616:loudspeakers
601:
596:
575:
571:
544:
525:
498:
477:
469:
448:memory cards
444:floppy disks
435:
425:Flash memory
423:
409:sound module
405:drum machine
393:
384:Power supply
383:
365:
339:
333:
327:
315:
310:
300:
298:
293:
282:stage pianos
263:
250:
246:
244:
212:
208:loudspeakers
188:stage pianos
180:synthesizers
167:
163:
159:
157:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1920:Maintenance
1893:Innovations
1839:Split sharp
1829:Frequencies
1770:Synthesizer
1696:Harpsichord
1634:Instruments
1392:, July 2002
1345:FutureMusic
1332:Yamaha GX-1
1107:Synthesizer
955:stage piano
919:2 semitones
799:Split point
763:After-touch
664:Workstation
656:Synthesizer
644:Stage piano
637:harpsichord
621:grand piano
547:Yamaha GX-1
536:Elisha Gray
513:harpsichord
471:Music stand
401:synthesizer
286:synthesizer
229:Terminology
1997:Categories
1857:Expression
1726:Reed organ
1721:Pipe organ
1686:Fortepiano
1666:Clavichord
1568:2020-10-02
1513:2023-08-30
1311:Sweetwater
1241:Denis d'or
1165:Classic FM
1138:References
1059:pitch bend
911:portamento
875:metronomes
629:pipe organ
580:CS-60 and
528:Denis d'or
521:pianoforte
517:pipe organ
509:clavichord
505:pipe organ
388:AC adapter
374:bass ports
307:Components
294:sintezator
206:and small
76:newspapers
1888:Acoustics
1676:Claviharp
1285:120 Years
1218:LiveAbout
1192:UK Pianos
1087:orchestra
977:weighted.
786:Polyphony
612:amplifier
576:In 1977,
569:in 1976.
540:telegraph
501:hydraulis
430:megabytes
397:terminals
299:The term
174:based on
1775:Virginal
1706:Melodica
1651:Carillon
1646:Calliope
1537:June 20,
1487:June 20,
1462:June 20,
1437:June 20,
1412:June 20,
1407:Synth DB
1317:June 20,
1291:June 20,
1265:June 20,
1223:June 20,
1197:June 20,
1171:June 20,
1101:See also
1091:stringed
1048:interval
933:Drawbars
927:joystick
899:envelope
838:ensemble
815:Minikeys
771:Vangelis
701:keyboard
466:instead.
464:SD cards
378:tweeters
328:Firmware
1903:Aliquot
1867:Sustain
1784:Layouts
1738:Orphica
1656:Celesta
1623:Musical
1552:Tania.
1070:sustain
1044:tremolo
941:drawbar
939:(hence
903:tremolo
895:panning
891:vibrato
848:, or a
718:primary
489:History
344:rompler
290:Russian
274:Ukraine
270:Belarus
200:rompler
90:scholar
1943:Wrench
1938:Tuning
1928:Action
1898:Wiring
1849:Pedals
1765:Spinet
1701:Keytar
1367:
1256:
1061:and a
1036:chorus
1032:reverb
836:or an
705:guitar
693:Keytar
675:, etc.
578:Yamaha
567:RS-202
456:Yamaha
266:Russia
223:Yamaha
170:is an
133:Yamaha
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1908:Cross
1743:Piano
1711:Organ
1661:Chime
1052:chord
1040:delay
959:piano
867:Tempo
767:CS-80
608:piano
582:CS-80
460:Casio
417:USB-B
407:or a
255:Asian
249:, or
219:Casio
215:piano
166:, or
152:Casio
97:JSTOR
83:books
1862:Soft
1821:Keys
1625:and
1539:2019
1489:2019
1464:2019
1439:2019
1414:2019
1365:ISBN
1319:2019
1293:2019
1267:2019
1254:ISBN
1225:2019
1199:2019
1173:2019
1093:and
1042:and
975:and
703:and
635:and
614:and
511:and
450:and
403:, a
395:MIDI
376:and
352:MIDI
342:: A
280:and
272:and
221:and
194:and
148:MIDI
69:news
1246:doi
1050:or
901:,
827:or
723:128
685:or
288:" (
264:In
239:PCM
158:An
52:by
1999::
1556:.
1530:.
1505:.
1480:.
1455:.
1430:.
1405:.
1386:,
1309:.
1283:.
1252:.
1244:.
1216:.
1190:.
1163:.
1097:.
1054:.
1038:,
1034:,
953:,
909:,
905:,
897:,
893:,
852:.
844:,
631:,
627:,
623:,
446:,
442:,
268:,
210:.
190:,
186:,
182:,
162:,
146:A
1615:e
1608:t
1601:v
1571:.
1541:.
1516:.
1491:.
1466:.
1441:.
1416:.
1373:.
1321:.
1295:.
1269:.
1248::
1227:.
1201:.
1175:.
707:.
390:.
362:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
