Electronic voice phenomenon

904:, and the work of "instrumental transcommunication researcher" Mark Macy, as a guide. A radio was tuned to an empty frequency, and over 81 sessions a total of 60 hours and 11 minutes of recordings were collected. During recordings, a person either sat in silence or attempted to make verbal contact with potential sources of EVP. Barušs stated that he did record several events that sounded like voices, but they were too few and too random to represent viable data and too open to interpretation to be described definitively as EVP. He concluded: "While we did replicate EVP in the weak sense of finding voices on audio tapes, none of the phenomena found in our study was clearly anomalous, let alone attributable to discarnate beings. Hence we have failed to replicate EVP in the strong sense." The findings were published in the 715:, but it wasn't until 1956 – after switching to a reel-to-reel tape recorder – that he believed he was successful. Working with Raymond Bayless, von Szalay conducted several recording sessions with a custom-made apparatus, consisting of a microphone in an insulated cabinet connected to an external recording device and speaker. Szalay reported finding many sounds on the tape that could not be heard on the speaker at the time of recording, some of which were recorded when there was no one in the cabinet. He believed these sounds to be the voices of discarnate spirits. Among the first recordings believed to be spirit voices were such messages as "This is G!", "Hot dog, Art!", and "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you all". Von Szalay and Raymond Bayless's work was published by the Journal of the 1184:

Audio Project, initiated by sound artist Joe Banks, which presents EVP as a product of radio interference combined with auditory pareidolia and the Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Biopsychocybernetics Research, a non-profit organization dedicated to studying anomalous phenomena related to neurophysiological conditions. According to the AA-EVP it is "the only organized group of researchers we know of specializing in the study of ITC".

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transmission radio waves which would usually flow into space. These reflected waves are from transmitters which are below the horizon of the received meteor reflection. In Europe this means the brief scattered wave may carry a foreign voice which can interfere with radio receivers. Meteor reflected radio waves last between 0.05 seconds and 1 second, depending on the size of the meteor.

3913: 3879: 3862: 3845: 893:"Occasionally, especially with older tape and under humid conditions, as the tape travels it can adhere to one of the guide posts. When this happens on a deck where both supply and take-up spindles are powered, the tape continues to feed, creating a fold. It was such a loop of tape, Flynn theorizes, that threaded its way amid the works of Grosse's recorder." 31: 1613:, a sample from an EVP recording is repeated. The phrase "You are sleeping, you do not want to believe," is a 'translation' of the 'spirit voices' from a 1970s flexitape. The original recording is from the 1971 record which accompanied Raudive's book 'Breakthrough', and which was re-issued as a flexi-disc in the 1980s free with The Unexplained magazine. 1516:, contains a subplot where Dr. Vincent Amfortas, a terminally ill neurologist, leaves a "to-be-opened-upon-my-death" letter for Father Dyer detailing his accounts of contact with the dead, including the doctor's recently deceased wife, Ann, through EVP recordings. Amfortas' character and the EVP subplot do not appear in the film version of the novel, 3024:"If one expects to hear voices, constructive perception will produce voices. The voices, not surprisingly, are usually described as speaking in hoarse whispers. The Indians used to believe that the dead spoke as the wind swirled through the trees. The tape recorder has simply brought this illusion into a technological age." 1195:

spirit communications via an electronic device. This is most commonly known as Electronic Voice Phenomena (EVP)". An informal survey by the organization's Department Of Phenomenal Evidence cites that 1/3 of churches conduct sessions in which participants seek to communicate with spirit entities using EVP.

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good chance of being a name, because you're listening to radio broadcasts, news reports, commercials, and so on—which often include names." Biddle lists words such as "company, anything, anyone, mahogany, many, or even any" as words that can be commonly heard while listening to the radio. The phrase '"...

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In 2015, an investigation by associate professor of Sociology Marc Eaton on the demography of United States paranormal groups that used electronic voice phenomenon found an overrepresentation of white participants, raised in the Roman Catholic Church (which is only 21% of the U.S. population), mainly

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The first EVP recordings may have originated from the use of tape recording equipment with poorly aligned erasure and recording heads, resulting in the incomplete erasure of previous audio recordings on the tape. This could allow a small percentage of previous content to be superimposed or mixed into

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In a 2019 investigation of a supposed haunted painting in a West Virginia museum, paranormal researcher Kenny Biddle investigated the claims made by the museum owner and ghost hunters that an EVP recording clearly saying the woman's name, "Annie", is really the voice of the woman in the portrait. The

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people. Some of these recordings were conducted in an RF-screened laboratory and contained words Raudive said were identifiable. In an attempt to confirm the content of his collection of recordings, Raudive invited listeners to hear and interpret them. He believed that the clarity of the voices heard

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In 1959, Swedish painter and film producer Friedrich Jürgenson was recording bird songs. Upon playing the tape later, he heard what he interpreted to be his dead father's voice and then the spirit of his deceased wife calling his name. He went on to make several more recordings, including one that he

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have an ongoing interest in EVP. Many spiritualists experiment with a variety of techniques for spirit communication which they believe provide evidence of the continuation of life. According to the National Spiritualist Association of Churches, "An important modern day development in mediumship is

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is a situation created when the brain incorrectly interprets random patterns as being familiar patterns. In the case of EVP it could result in an observer interpreting random noise on an audio recording as being the familiar sound of a human voice. The propensity for an apparent voice heard in white

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There are a number of simple scientific explanations that can account for why some listeners to the static on audio devices may believe they hear voices, including radio interference and the tendency of the human brain to recognize patterns in random stimuli. Some recordings may be hoaxes created by

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The Association TransCommunication (ATransC), formerly the American Association of Electronic Voice Phenomena (AA-EVP), and the International Ghost Hunters Society conduct ongoing investigations of EVP and ITC including collecting examples of purported EVP available over the internet. The Rorschach

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can cause the impression of paranormal voices. The human brain evolved to recognize patterns, and if a person listens to enough noise the brain will detect words, even when there is no intelligent source for them. Expectation also plays an important part in making people believe they are hearing

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radio "modified to allow it to continually scan through the available AM or FM frequencies without muting the sound." Regarding a general question by the ghost hunter "What is your name?", Biddle writes, "I can guarantee sooner or later you'll hear something that sounds like a name, and there is a

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published a report by paranormal investigator Alexander MacRae. MacRae conducted recording sessions using a device of his own design that generated EVP. In an attempt to demonstrate that different individuals would interpret EVP in the recordings the same way, MacRae asked seven people to compare

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or other discarnate entities and the living. One particularly famous claimed incidence of ITC occurred when the image of EVP enthusiast Friedrich Jürgenson (whose funeral was held that day) was said to have appeared on a television in the home of a colleague, which had been purposefully tuned to a

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Though research consistently shows that women are more likely to believe in ghosts (Bader et al. 2010; Goode 2000; Newport and Strausberg 2001), the population of paranormal investigators I observed did not reflect this trend. Overall, the demographics of my sample did not support marginalization

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created during attempts to boost the clarity of an existing recording might explain some EVP. Methods include re-sampling, frequency isolation, and noise reduction or enhancement, which can cause recordings to take on qualities significantly different from those that were present in the original

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Some EVP enthusiasts describe hearing the words in EVP as an ability, much like learning a new language. Skeptics suggest that the claimed instances may be misinterpretations of natural phenomena, inadvertent influence of the electronic equipment by researchers, or deliberate influencing of the

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Another electronic device specifically constructed in an attempt to capture EVP is "Frank's Box" or the "Ghost Box", created in 2002 by EVP enthusiast Frank Sumption for supposed real-time communication with the dead. Sumption claims he received his design instructions from the spirit world. The

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For all radio transmissions above 30 MHz (which are not reflected by the ionosphere) there is a possibility of meteor reflection of the radio signal. Meteors leave a trail of ionised particles and electrons as they pass through the upper atmosphere (a process called ablation) which reflect

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press conference on April 6, 1982, O'Neil stated that he was able to hold two-way conversations with spirits through the Spiricom device, and provided the design specifications to researchers for free. However, nobody is known to have replicated the results O'Neil claimed using his own Spiricom

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There are a number of organizations dedicated to studying EVP and instrumental transcommunication, or which otherwise express interest in the subject. Individuals within these organizations may participate in investigations, author books or journal articles, deliver presentations, and hold

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became widespread, mediums explored using this technology to demonstrate communication with the dead as well. Spiritualism declined in the latter part of the 20th century, but attempts to use portable recording devices and modern digital technologies to communicate with spirits continued.

1332:. The game is about an audio recordist called Juliette Waters, who records the voices of ghosts through electronic voice phenomenon. She finds herself trapped in an old family park, shut down since a landslide in 1971, and she now needs to use her recorder to survive the night. A sequel, 1356:, in which a team of one to four players play as ghost hunters who try to identify hostile ghosts in varying locations. The game features a Spirit Box item used to capture EVPs of certain ghost types, which helps the players identify the type of the ghost they're dealing with. EVPs in 1633:

by The Ghost Orchid which features excerpts from different EVP experiments produced by many researchers, although most are unknown, some have been pointed out to be more known researchers who studied EVP recordings including Friedrich Jurgenson, Raymond Cass and Konstantin Raudive.

975:(2009) has written "A case can be made for the idea that many EVPs are artifacts of the recording process itself with which the operators are unfamiliar. The majority of EVPs have alternative, nonspiritual sources; anomalous ones have no clear proof they are of spiritual origin." 1865: 830:, a nonprofit organization with the purpose of increasing awareness of EVP, and of teaching standardized methods for capturing it. Estep began her exploration of EVP in 1976, and says she has made hundreds of recordings of messages from deceased friends, relatives, and 924:

Portable digital voice recorders are currently the technology of choice for some EVP investigators. Since some of these devices are very susceptible to Radio Frequency (RF) contamination, EVP enthusiasts sometimes try to record EVP in RF- and sound-screened rooms.

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to comment on the possibility of using his inventions to communicate with spirits. He replied that if the spirits were only capable of subtle influences, a sensitive recording device would provide a better chance of spirit communication than the table tipping and

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is related to, but distinct from pareidolia. Apophenia is defined as "the spontaneous finding of connections or meaning in things which are random, unconnected or meaningless", and has been put forward as a possible explanation. According to the psychologist

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band selecting split-second snippets of sound. Critics of the device say its effect is subjective and incapable of being replicated, and since it relies on radio noise, any meaningful response a user gets is purely coincidental, or simply the result of

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The term Instrumental Trans-Communication (ITC) was coined by Ernst Senkowski in the 1970s to refer more generally to communication through any sort of electronic device such as tape recorders, fax machines, television sets or computers between

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with some post-secondary education. Although a preponderance of research shows that women and "less socially integrated individuals" are more likely to believe in ghosts, the demographic samples in Eaton's research did not reflect this.

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American photographer Attila von Szalay was among the first to try recording what he believed to be voices of the dead as a way to augment his investigations in photographing ghosts. He began his attempts in 1941 using a

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noise recordings to be in a language understood well by those researching it, rather than in an unfamiliar language, has been cited as evidence of this, and a broad class of phenomena referred to by author Joe Banks as

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The band Giles Corey, founded by Dan Barrett composed a song called "Empty Churches" which features track 2 called 'Raymond Cass', track 36 called 'Justified Theft' and track 38 called 'Tramping' from the album

3634: 956:. Natural explanations for reported instances of EVP tend to dispute this assumption explicitly and provide explanations which do not require novel mechanisms that are not based on recognized 4342: 4227: 921:

some selections to a list of five phrases he provided, and to choose the best match. MacRae said the results of the listening panels indicated that the selections were of paranormal origin.

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have explored the topic of EVP with featured guests such as Brendan Cook and Barbara McBeath of the Ghost Investigators Society, and paranormal investigator and 'demonologist' Lou Gentile.

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wrote a comprehensive article explaining the origins of the Spiricom as developed by O'Neil and Meek. He was prompted to do so by the re-emergence of the device on the television series

4322: 4133: 933:, so most research in the field is carried out by amateur researchers who lack training and resources to conduct scientific research, and who are motivated by subjective notions. 4089: 2909: 1829:

Nees, Michael A.; Phillips, Charlotte (2014). "Auditory Pareidolia: Effects of Contextual Priming on Perceptions of Purportedly Paranormal and Ambiguous Auditory Stimuli".

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which moves around the spectrum and creates open vowel sounds. This, according to Federlein, sounds exactly like some EVP. This, in combination with such things as

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based on the idea of the return of the dead, the voice of the female character NCTV is transmitted from a television monitor amidst a static/white noise background.

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Meek, George W (1988). "Report from Europe: Earthside instrumental communications with higher planes of existence via telephone and computer are now a reality".

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are anomalies created by the method used to capture audio signals, such as noise generated through the over-amplification of a signal at the point of recording.

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Wiggins Arthur W. Wynn Charles M. (2001), "Quantum Leaps in the Wrong Direction: Where Real Science Ends and Pseudoscience Begins", National Academies Press,

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In 1980, William O'Neil constructed an electronic audio device called "The Spiricom". O'Neil claimed the device was built to specifications which he received

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name Annie is written on the back of the portrait, which primes anyone listening for the name, to know what name to listen for. The EVP was created using a

3626: 4317: 1110:. Alcock concluded "Electronic Voice Phenomena are the products of hope and expectation; the claims wither away under the light of scientific scrutiny." 952:. Paranormal explanations for EVP generally assume production of EVP by a communicating intelligence through means other than the typical functioning of 870:

has written "within the parapsychology establishment, Rogo was often faulted for poor scholarship, which, critics said, led to erroneous conclusions."

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devices. O'Neil's partner, retired industrialist George Meek, attributed O'Neil's success, and the inability of others to replicate it, to O'Neil's

1535:, the main character's mother tries to convince her that her father is communicating with her from recordings after his death/disappearance in the 4406: 1203: 716: 3851: 3834: 900:, of the Department of Psychology at the University of Western Ontario, conducted a series of experiments using the methods of EVP investigator 4381: 4332: 4244: 2853: 1180:

conferences where they share experiences. In addition, organizations exist which dispute the validity of the phenomena on scientific grounds.

3936: 2102: 3902: 3129: 3017: 2764: 2683: 2594: 2404: 2313: 2260: 1997: 1934: 1875: 1758: 1731: 3919: 3885: 4013: 3868: 2789:(May 2005). "Turn Me On, Dead Man: What do the Beatles, the Virgin Mary, Jesus, Patricia Arquette and Michael Keaton all have in common?". 1249: 889:, examined Fontana's article and suggested an entirely naturalistic explanation for the phenomena. According to the skeptical investigator 595: 329: 3043: 1764: 742:, Sweden, and who had worked in conjunction with Jürgenson, made over 100,000 recordings which he described as being communications with 4217: 4018: 3816: 1601: 3680: 877:

proposed in an article that poltergeists could haunt tape recorders. He speculated that this may have happened to the parapsychologist

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mediums employed at the time. However, there is no indication that Edison ever designed or constructed a device for such a purpose. As

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consist of singular words, such as "here", "attack", "death", "adult", etc., each denoting a response to a player initiated question.

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claims, "There's been a boom in ghost hunting ever since the Internet took off." Investigators, equipped with electronic gear – like

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Investigation of EVP is the subject of hundreds of regional and national groups and Internet message boards. Paranormal investigator

3153: 2741: 1904: 1561:, the male character as well as his deceased companion are speaking from a recording device amidst a static/white noise background. 906: 3769: 3065: 2917: 2444: 4401: 3967: 3740: 3710: 3554: 3478: 2646: 4633: 1566: 1418: 886: 354: 2145: 1964: 1722:

Breakthrough: An Amazing Experiment in Electronic Communication With the Dead (Original title: The Inaudible Becomes Audible)

916: 1961:"Analysis of Anomalous Audio and Video Recordings, presented before the "Society For Scientific Exploration" US – June 1995" 3218:

L.A. Manning et al., Determination of ionospheric electron distribution, Proc Inst Radio Engineers Vol 37, pp599-603 (1949)

3097: 4536: 1424: 3794: 628:, who popularized the idea in the 1970s, described EVP as typically brief, usually the length of a word or short phrase. 4376: 4201: 3655: 1118: 3453:"Phenomenal Evidence Department of the National Spiritualist Association of Churches Concepts Involved in Spiritualism" 3188: 2556: 2500: 2484:

MacRae, Alexander (October 2005). "Report of an Electronic Voice Phenomenon Experiment inside a Double-Screened Room".

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in his recordings implied that they could not be readily explained by normal means. Raudive published his first book,

679: 267: 1895: 2459: 4128: 3452: 3402: 1536: 1072:, it can be made to produce noises which sound like speech. Federlein says that this is no different from using a 1069: 2530: 670:

became prominent in the 1840s–1940s with a distinguishing belief that the spirits of the dead can be contacted by

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claims for the origin of EVP include living humans imprinting thoughts directly on an electronic medium through

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Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary Modern Physics (5th ed.)

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and communication by discarnate entities such as spirits, nature energies, beings from other dimensions, or

664: 477: 419: 157: 4643: 4189: 4058: 4003: 2874: 2222: 2193: 1658: 1646: 1376: 1347: 1232:, and as a means of dealing with grief. It has influenced literature, radio, film, television, and music. 1125:. These cases represent radio signals of voices or other sounds from broadcast sources. Interference from 1001: 827: 625: 502: 444: 272: 142: 107: 3568:

theories, which argue that paranormal beliefs are more common among less socially integrated individuals.

2716: 2371: 4653: 4513: 2419: 2146:"An electromagnetic-etheric systems approach to communications with other levels of human consciousness" 1508: 1300: 949: 867: 671: 482: 414: 394: 212: 782:. He comprehensively debunked the "science" behind the device in both the original development and the 3286: 2305:

The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions

2280: 3960: 2800: 1522:, although in Kinderman's dream dead people are seen trying to communicate with the living by radio. 1513: 1412: 1027: 967:, was unable to replicate suggested paranormal origins for EVP recorded under controlled conditions. 930: 802: 497: 492: 439: 177: 624:) are sounds found on electronic recordings that are interpreted as spirit voices. Parapsychologist 4663: 4567: 4481: 3604: 2944: 2791: 2097: 1688: 1291: 1228:

The concept of EVP has influenced popular culture. It is popular as an entertaining pursuit, as in

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interposes spoken sentences and phrases in German with sung passages in English representing EVP.

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phenomenon in which people report that they receive simple, brief, and usually single-occurrence

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In 1982, Sarah Estep founded the American Association of Electronic Voice Phenomena (AA-EVP) in

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Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time

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researchers and the equipment by third parties. EVP and ITC are seldom researched within the

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made contact with them through what was described as "an Electronic Voice Phenomenon (EVP)."

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vacant channel. ITC enthusiasts also look at the TV and video camera feedback loop of the

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contains EVP recordings in the background of its second track "Katharsis – Pandemonium".

137: 3502: 2804: 4574: 4552: 4421: 4288: 4145: 4140: 4053: 3989: 3791:"Back Catalogue – Bass Communion's 'Ghosts on Magnetic Tape' | StevenWilsonHQ.com" 3761: 3073: 2436: 1806: 1779: 1693: 1683: 1616: 1532: 1187: 1142: 1077: 878: 764: 613: 517: 512: 449: 407: 252: 247: 112: 3732: 3706: 2812: 2149: 1960: 743: 4622: 4557: 4448: 4083: 4023: 3482: 3243: 3174: 3001: 2754: 2392: 2033: 1720: 1668: 1317: 1229: 1134: 1133:

from other electronic devices, are all documented phenomena. It is even possible for

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Banks, Joe (2001). "Rorschach Audio: Ghost Voices and Perceptual Creativity".

1678: 1610: 1483: 1388: 1353: 1309: 994: 941: 855: 807: 769: 655:(perceiving patterns in random information), equipment artifacts, and hoaxes. 644: 632: 522: 342: 277: 182: 132: 87: 58: 3659: 3542: 1796: 749:

Breakthrough: An Amazing Experiment in Electronic Communication with the Dead

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Josh Bosack, Josh (October 26, 2004). "Group analyzes paranormal activity".

2564: 2508: 1491:" features a fictional facility which was allegedly based on this principle. 1436: 1306: 1245: 1138: 1093: 1073: 859: 678:, were employed by spiritualists in an effort to demonstrate contact with a 652: 292: 117: 77: 4453: 3481:. National Spiritualist Association of Churches. 2005-11-29. Archived from 3358:"Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Biopsychocybernetics Research Who we are" 2820: 2661:

Baruss, Imants (2001). "Failure to Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon,"

2610: 1815: 1474:, and an "expert in paranormal activity" claim the spirit of former Beatle 1467: 3146:

Digital Signal Processing - A Practical Guide for Engineers and Scientists

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has been described as a global explanation for all manifestations of EVP.

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from George Mueller, a scientist who had died six years previously. At a

527: 434: 359: 162: 152: 35: 3456: 3406: 30: 4508: 3945: 3431: 3262:"AA-EVP:Electronic Voice Phenomena and Instrumental TransCommunication" 2836:

Joe Banks "Rorschach Audio", the "Ghost Orchid" CD sleevenotes, PARC /

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what people hear in EVP recordings can best be explained by apophenia,

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P Harvey & KJ Bohlman. Stereo radio F.M. Handbook, Chapter 7, 1974

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for proof that any phenomena, including EVP, are caused paranormally.

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abilities forming part of the loop that made the system work. In 2020

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Joe Banks "Rorschach Audio: Ghost Voices and Perceptual Creativity",

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promulgated by popular culture. Prosaic explanations for EVP include

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Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy

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Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World

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Cardoso, Anabela (2003) "ITC Voices: Contact with Another Reality?"

647:(interpreting random sounds as voices in one's own language) and a 4579: 4273: 3976: 3342:

Banks, Joe (2004). "Rorschach Audio: Art and Illusion for Sound".

2367: 1253: 863: 202: 29: 3361: 2277:"Association TransCommunication (Previously known as the AA-EVP)" 2255:. Corrales, New Mexico: Rhombus Publishing Company. p. 115. 834:

whom she speculated originated from other planets or dimensions.

4584: 1325: 839: 364: 3949: 2368:"Skeptic's Dictionary on instrumental transcommunication (ITC)" 2708: 3810: 3627:"Paranormal investigators not afraid to scare up some ghosts" 1927:

Is There an Afterlife: A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence

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and wireless baby monitors, or anomalies generated through

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in 1959. Bayless later went on to co-author the 1979 book,

3656:"Long awaited movie White Noise – A major disappointment" 2910:"Investigating Artifacts At The Archive Of The Afterlife" 2890:

Joe Banks "Rorschach Audio: Art and Illusion for Sound",

1581:'s song "Disembodied Voices on Tape" from her 2003 album 3261: 2109:, Journal of Scientific Exploration, V15#3, 0892-3310/01 1248:, video cameras, and audio recorders – scour reportedly 3383:"EVP/ITC Organizations & Websites Around the World" 2253:

Investigating Ghosts: The Scientific Search for Spirits

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Voices from the tapes: Recordings from the other world

2276: 1780:"Teaching signal detection theory with pseudoscience" 3658:. Lone Star Spirits.com. Spring 2005. Archived from 2589:. San Diego, California: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 2460:"A Bio-electromagnetic Device of Unusual Properties" 814:

writes that Frank's Box is a "modern version of the

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in 1968 and it was translated into English in 1971.

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Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking

2032: 1719: 1042:say that EVP are usually recorded by raising the " 822:Interest in the 21st century and late 20th century 3098:"Electronic Voice Phenomena: Voices of the Dead?" 2848: 2846: 2832: 2830: 1252:, trying to uncover visual and audio evidence of 885:case. However, Tom Flynn, a media expert for the 2099:Failure to Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon 2424:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits 2074:Under researchers results - Konstantin Raudive. 2011: 2009: 1470:broadcast in 2006, in which TV crew members, a 1368:It has been featured on television series like 1053:the electrical noise created by all electrical 727:said contained a message from his late mother. 3403:"About The Campaign for Philosophical Freedom" 2172:Unlimited Horizons, Metascience Foundation Inc 1141:without any internal power source by means of 866:of deceased relatives, friends, or strangers. 643:. Scientists regard EVP as a form of auditory 3961: 2486:Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 1674:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience 801:modified to sweep back and forth through the 589: 8: 738:, a Latvian psychologist who had taught at 3605:"Ghost hunters in search of the paranormal" 2759:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 78. 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 4073: 3968: 3954: 3946: 3165: 3163: 3161: 2585:Jahn, Robert G.; Dunne, Brenda J. (1987). 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 910:in 2001, and include a literature review. 635:phenomenon often found in recordings with 596: 582: 45: 3527:Association for the Sociology of Religion 3115: 3113: 2852:Joe Banks "Rorschach Audio: A Lecture at 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2018:ITC Voices: Contact with Another Reality? 1889: 1887: 1805: 1795: 674:, new technologies of the era, including 631:Enthusiasts consider EVP to be a form of 2753:Zusne, Leonard; Warren H. Jones (1989). 1983: 1981: 3823: 2225:. The Committee For Skeptical Inquiry. 1753:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 382–. 1710: 1708: 1704: 1175:Organizations that show interest in EVP 818:... also known as the 'broken radio'". 717:American Society for Psychical Research 57: 3598: 3596: 3582: 3572: 2971:"'Ghostly' chatter - fact or fiction?" 2854:The Royal Society of British Sculptors 2676:Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia 1599:'s "Example #22", from her 1981 album 973:Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia 3283:"International Ghost Hunters Society" 1609:During the outro to "Rubber Ring" by 790:device is described as a combination 380:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal 27:Paranormal terminology and recordings 7: 3603:Schlesinger, Victoria (2005-03-10). 3557:from the original on August 30, 2020 3189:"More Past SOS Articles coming... -" 2916:. Center for Inquiry. Archived from 1338:, was released on October 11, 2017. 3250:from the original on 9 August 2014. 3107:. Csicop.org. Retrieved 2014-07-12. 2665:, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 355–367, 2001 2462:. www.skyelab.co.uk. Archived from 1767:from the original on 29 April 2018. 1312:released on Steam in June 2015 for 1166:Sporadic meteors and meteor showers 3762:"TV psychics claim Lennon contact" 3503:James Randi Educational Foundation 3244:"2006 AA-EVP Conference - ATransC" 2283:from the original on 24 April 2013 2194:"Resurrecting the Spiricom (Hoax)" 1899:, 2003, Wiley Publishing Company, 1200:James Randi Educational Foundation 682:. So popular were such ideas that 370:James Randi Educational Foundation 25: 2813:10.1038/scientificamerican0505-37 2663:Journal of Scientific Exploration 2437:"The Haunted Tape Recorder – CSI" 2229:from the original on 26 July 2010 907:Journal of Scientific Exploration 4603: 4602: 3928: 3911: 3894: 3877: 3860: 3843: 3826: 3733:"Recorded Spirit Communications" 3199:from the original on 2012-09-25. 3006:Pseudoscience and the Paranormal 2621:from the original on 2008-05-17. 2611:"EVPs - Questions & Answers" 2447:from the original on 2015-01-09. 3772:from the original on 2006-06-22 3743:from the original on 2007-09-30 3713:from the original on 2007-09-30 3637:from the original on 2007-09-30 3515:Mark A. Eaton (July 30, 2015). 3289:from the original on 2007-09-28 3046:from the original on 2007-09-27 2983:from the original on 2010-11-15 2951:from the original on 2007-10-07 2908:Biddle, Kenny (22 April 2020). 2719:from the original on 2006-11-30 2533:. Psychic World. Archived from 2374:from the original on 2007-10-30 2223:"Frank's Box: The Broken Radio" 2065:from the original on 2007-09-12 1967:from the original on 2007-10-13 1567:With the people from the bridge 1441:Buzzfeed Unsolved: Supernatural 1419:Fact or Faked: Paranormal Files 887:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 686:was asked in an interview with 355:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 2122:. Winter Steel. Archived from 917:Society for Psychical Research 873:In 1995, the parapsychologist 1: 4537:Hammersmith Ghost murder case 2939:Shermer, Michael (May 2005). 1870:. New York: Holt Paperbacks. 1583:Things that Fall from the Sky 309:Reportedly haunted locations: 3705:Noory, George (2006-04-02). 3625:Appleton, Roy (2006-10-28). 2969:Williams, Huw (2005-01-06). 2120:"Electronic Voice Phenomena" 1864:Shermer M, Gould SJ (2002). 1831:Applied Cognitive Psychology 1778:Anderson, Nicole D. (2015). 1747:William F. Williams (2013). 1264:Films involving EVP include 1084:of radio stations or faulty 4435:Electronic voice phenomenon 4228:locations in United Kingdom 3813:Electronic voice phenomenon 3683:. SciFi.com. Archived from 3344:Strange Attractor Journal 1 2555:Konstantinos (2001-02-01). 2399:. New York: Prentice Hall. 2395:; Bayless, Raymond (1979). 1726:. Taplinger Publishing Co. 1639:Katharsis (A Small Victory) 963:One study, by psychologist 148:Electronic voice phenomenon 4680: 3175:Just Where is Lou Gentile? 2557:"You can Hear Dead People" 2499:Feola, José (2000-07-01). 2346:"Claus Schreiber, Germany" 1537:September 11, 2001 attacks 1162:a new 'silent' recording. 954:communication technologies 850:In 1979, parapsychologist 618:electronic voice phenomena 18:Electronic voice phenomena 4598: 3987: 3479:"About the NSAC Churches" 3321:10.1162/09611210152780728 3036:"Definition of Apophenia" 2892:Strange Attractor Journal 2529:Chisholm, Judith (2000). 2397:Phone Calls from the Dead 2308:. John Wiley & Sons. 2016:Cardoso, Anabela (2003). 1959:Senkowski, Ernst (1995). 1464:The Spirit of John Lennon 1431:Derren Brown Investigates 988:Psychology and perception 721:Phone Calls From the Dead 4407:Ancient Egyptian culture 3731:Bell, Art (2006-04-15). 3681:"Ghost Hunters Episodes" 3281:Dave and Sharon Oester. 3144:Smith, Steven W. (2002) 2531:"A Short History of EVP" 1988:Brune, Francois (1988). 1896:The Skeptic's Dictionary 1797:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00762 1641:of Polish theatre group 1089:voices in random noise. 1076:on a guitar, which is a 937:Explanations and origins 810:. Paranormal researcher 755:Spiricom and Frank's Box 420:Apparitional experiences 4430:Apparitional experience 3707:"Demonology & EVPs" 3631:The Dallas Morning News 3523:Oxford University Press 2896:Strange Attractor Press 2615:www.friendly-ghosts.com 2302:Robert Carroll (2011). 2096:Baruss, Imants (2001), 1925:Fontana, David (2005). 1784:Frontiers in Psychology 1622:Ghosts on Magnetic Tape 478:Argument from ignorance 445:Out-of-body experiences 158:Extrasensory perception 4634:Paranormal terminology 4059:Procession of the dead 3309:Leonardo Music Journal 3228:A.B.C. Lovell (1954). 2941:"Turn Me On, Dead Man" 2875:Leonardo Music Journal 2366:Carroll, Robert Todd. 2031:Bander, Peter (1973). 1929:. Hants, UK: O Books. 1893:Carroll, Robert Todd, 1659:Auditory hallucination 1631:An Introduction to EVP 1579:Vyktoria Pratt Keating 1577:EVP is the subject of 1127:CB Radio transmissions 1068:. When this noise is 984:frauds or pranksters. 828:Severna Park, Maryland 503:Communal reinforcement 43: 4514:Paranormal television 4223:locations in Scotland 3709:. Coast to Coast AM. 3535:10.1093/socrel/srv031 3428:"NSAC - Spiritualism" 3246:. 14 September 2016. 3066:"Believing is seeing" 2674:Regal, Brian (2009). 1625:was inspired by EVP. 881:who investigated the 854:described an alleged 483:Argumentum ad populum 415:Anomalous experiences 395:Scientific skepticism 213:Paranormal television 33: 4499:Stories about ghosts 4323:District of Columbia 3529:. pp. 389–412. 3193:www.soundonsound.com 3120:Paul Tipler (2004). 2713:Skeptic's Dictionary 2678:. Greenwood. p. 62. 2221:(January 28, 2010). 2039:. Drake Publishers. 1990:The Dead Speak To Us 1514:William Peter Blatty 1494:The Egyptian series 1413:The Secret Saturdays 1377:In Search Of… (1981) 1078:focused sweep filter 979:Natural explanations 958:scientific phenomena 931:scientific community 498:Cognitive dissonance 493:Begging the question 440:Ideomotor phenomenon 4568:Kardecist spiritism 4412:Classical antiquity 3070:The Skeptic Express 2945:Scientific American 2877:11, pp. 77-83, The 2805:2005SciAm.292e..37S 2792:Scientific American 2501:"The Alpha Mystery" 2458:MacRae, Alexander. 2059:"Homepage WorldITC" 1992:. Philippe Lebaud. 1716:Raudive, Konstantin 1689:Pattern recognition 1647:Jarosław Pijarowski 1528:Pattern Recognition 1466:was a pay-per-view 1106:or expectation and 1064:in order to create 883:Enfield Poltergeist 754: 689:Scientific American 626:Konstantīns Raudive 548:Scientific evidence 390:Scientific literacy 4482:Films about ghosts 4466:Spirit photography 3232:. Clarendon Press. 3103:2014-04-18 at the 2914:Skeptical Inquirer 2862:Sonic Arts Network 2649:Voices Of Eternity 2443:. September 1995. 2198:Skeptical Inquirer 2105:2013-02-28 at the 1557:-inspired play by 1531:, a 2003 novel by 1512:, a 1983 novel by 902:Konstantin Raudive 740:Uppsala University 736:Konstantin Raudive 668:religious movement 258:Spirit photography 208:Paranormal fiction 128:Demonic possession 44: 42:plotted on a graph 4616: 4615: 4390: 4389: 4049:Residual haunting 4014:Haunted locations 4004:Ancestral spirits 3737:Coast to Coast AM 3131:978-0-7167-0810-0 3124:. W. H. Freeman. 3019:978-1-57392-979-0 2838:Ash International 2766:978-0-8058-0508-6 2684:978-0-313-35507-3 2596:978-0-15-157148-2 2406:978-0-13-664334-0 2315:978-1-118-04563-3 2262:978-0-936455-16-7 2192:(5 August 2020). 1999:978-2-253-05123-7 1936:978-1-903816-90-5 1877:978-0-8050-7089-7 1760:978-1-135-95529-8 1733:978-0-8008-0965-2 1570:, a 2014 play by 1543:Theatre and music 1449:Coast To Coast AM 1314:Microsoft Windows 1188:Parapsychologists 1026:Skeptics such as 950:extraterrestrials 832:extraterrestrials 606: 605: 553:Scientific method 263:Spirit possession 73:Astral projection 16:(Redirected from 4671: 4606: 4605: 4074: 4019:Haunted highways 3970: 3963: 3956: 3947: 3941: 3940:from Wikiversity 3933: 3932: 3931: 3924: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3856: 3848: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3819: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3793:. 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Scott 2384: 2358: 2337: 2328: 2314: 2294: 2268: 2261: 2240: 2210: 2181: 2162: 2136: 2111: 2076: 2050: 2023: 2005: 1998: 1977: 1942: 1935: 1908: 1883: 1876: 1856: 1821: 1770: 1759: 1739: 1732: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1694:Reverse speech 1691: 1686: 1684:Parapsychology 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1654: 1651: 1619:'s 2004 album 1617:Bass Communion 1585:, produced by 1544: 1541: 1533:William Gibson 1504: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1479: 1461: 1365: 1362: 1287: 1284: 1261: 1258: 1250:haunted venues 1237: 1234: 1225: 1222: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1176: 1173: 1167: 1164: 1149:Capture errors 1115: 1112: 989: 986: 980: 977: 938: 935: 879:Maurice Grosse 823: 820: 794:generator and 765:Washington, DC 756: 753: 732: 731:Raudive voices 729: 707: 706:Early interest 704: 660: 657: 614:parapsychology 604: 603: 601: 600: 593: 586: 578: 575: 574: 571: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 518:Fringe science 515: 513:Falsifiability 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 469: 466: 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