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614:, runoff in the Rio Grande basin is limited and varies widely from year to year and alternates between devastating droughts and destructive floods. In the 1880s, farmers in the region began to complain that they were not receiving a fair appropriation of river water. By the 1890s, water use in the upper basin was so great that the river's flow near
537:, which is used mainly for agriculture but also provides for recreation, hydroelectricity, and flood and sediment control. The construction of the dam has reduced the flow of the Rio Grande to a small stream for most of the year, with water being released only during the summer irrigation season or during times of exceptionally heavy snow melt.
672:"on basis of a technicality that the Rio Grande was arguably a navigable river and permission from the War Department was also needed." Although delayed by legal issues, the injunction against building the dam was lifted in 1897. However, the project failed to proceed, and the investors lost their rights to build the private dam in 1903.
575:. The stop was named "Engle" after the construction engineer R.L. Engle and was later renamed to "Engel" by the Santa Fe Railroad after their company's vice president, Edward Engel. Locals complained to Congress about the name change but were unsuccessful in having the name reverted. Today, the stop bears its original name, "Engle."
692:
to provide power and irrigation to south-central New Mexico and western Texas as a Bureau of
Reclamation undertaking. For the next two years, surveyors and engineers undertook a comprehensive feasibility study for the project's dams and reservoirs. Construction of the dam was authorized on February
675:
The
Victorio Land and Cattle Co. owned about three fourths of the site and in 1909 demanded the government pay $ 17.83 per acre, instead of the substantially lower offer of $ 1.83 per acre. A lengthy court battle ensued, and the US government condemned 24,730 acres of the company's land and settled
700:
At its peak, the camps housed around 3,500 workers. Two worker camps housed them. The "Upper Camp" was built upstream and housed affluential and skilled workers, such as supervisors and engineers. The "Lower Camp" was downstream of the site, housed the less influential laborers, and was further
696:
To accommodate the dam's construction, crews built and improved roads and constructed a Bureau of
Reclamation office, water tanks, worker camps, a machine shop, a power plant, and a hospital. A system of three cables, each having a capacity of 15 tons and a span of 1,400 feet (430 m), was
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and interfered with railway and other transportation. The site at
Elephant Butte was chosen for those reasons and for its mountainous location, which created a natural basin for a reservoir. The river at the site was "too thin to plow, too thick to drink." The proposed dam featured in the
629:, E.V. Berrien, John Campbell, R.M. Loomis and Edward Roberts. They had camped in the area where the dam is now; although Kern encouraged the others to consider building a dam there, its construction was delayed by legal battles relating to the final site and to water rights.
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Elephant Butte Dam is 301 feet (91.7 m) high, 1,674 feet (510.2 m) long including the spillway and is made from 618,785 cubic yards (473,095 m³) of concrete. The width at the top of the dam is 18 feet (5.5 m) and 228 feet (69.5 m) at the base.
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Photograph of the newly finished dam in 1916. The reservoir is partially filled. The characteristic white mineral stains on the hills are absent, as they were created during the 1942 highstand.
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10 m) of water and controls the runoff from 28,900 square miles (74,850 km²). It provides irrigation to 178,000 acres (720 km²) of land. The dam also contains a 28 MW
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era development of power generation and recreation facilities in the area, were recognized in the 1997 listing of a 2,443 acres (9.89 km) area on the
National Register as the
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workers living in separate areas of the camp. Upper Camp was inundated by the dam's own reservoir, but although it was on dry land, Lower Camp has no trace remaining.
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The proposed name for the reservoir was "Lake B.M. Hall," after Bureau of
Reclamation engineer Benjamin Mortimer Hall, who championed the project.
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To resolve those problems, plans were drafted up for a large storage dam at
Elephant Butte, about 130 miles (210 km) downstream of
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between the United States and Mexico, which also specified how much water should be delivered to Mexico after the dam's completion.
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The spillway is in the lower left corner of the picture and the power plant is located at the base of the opposite side of the dam.
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A private dam project backed by
British investors was in the works in 1894 just upstream from the dam site and also by the
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lying on its side, and its name has been applied to the area since before the dam's construction. The nearby city of
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867:"Elephant Butte looks the part, but a long colorful history is at the center of how the dam got and kept its name"
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898:"How'd That Lake Get There? A History of Elephant Butte Dam, the Project That Changed Sierra County Forever"
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powerplant. The current turbine was installed in 1940 and generates 38,449,061 kWh per year (as of 2005).
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1115:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Elephant Butte Dam and Reservoir"
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During its construction, the dam was the largest irrigation dam ever built except for the
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in 1979. Historic resources from the era of construction of the dam, as well as from the
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Dam at
Elephant Butte, on Rio Grande, near Truth or Consequences, New Mexico (postcard,
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747:. The historic district listing includes the dam and surrounding historic structures.
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1145:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Elephant Butte Historic District"
1007:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Elephant Butte Historic District"
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University and college buildings listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
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The original name of the dam was Engle Dam, after the nearby railroad stop at
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Another name proposed for the dam and used in at least one publication was "
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A site lower far downriver, at the El Paso narrows (the former site of the
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Sierra County, New Mexico
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in 1976. The dam and Bureau of Reclamation office were listed on the U.S.
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652:), was considered for a dam, but it would have flooded much of the lower
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1944:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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National Register of Historic Places in Sierra County, New Mexico
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Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico
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on a price of $ 6.66 per acre for the remaining 30,000 acres.
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passed the Newlands Reclamation Act in 1902, authorizing the
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The reservoir has a capacity of 2,065,010 acre-feet (2.54715
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T. Lindsay Baker; William L. Cumiford (January 27, 1978).
1049:. Bureau of Reclamation. December 28, 2005. Archived from
942:"Originator of Elephant Butte Project is Here from Alaska"
1183:. Bureau of Reclamation. August 22, 2006. Archived from
1102:. Truth or Consequences, NM. March 31, 1977. p. 1.
2010:
Buildings and structures in Sierra County, New Mexico
969:"Papers, Photos Add to Kern Place Founder's History"
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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618:, had been reduced to "a trickle in dry summers."
16:Dam on the Rio Grande in New Mexico, United States
1577:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1073:"Great Elephant Butte Dam Approaching Completion"
1969:National Register of Historic Places portal
792:National Register of Historic Places portal
625:. The first to propose a dam for the area were
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560:. The butte was said to have the shape of an
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729:National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark
697:suspended across the canyon over the site.
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1162:accompanying 29 historic and recent photos
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1517:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
315:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2030:United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
324:NM State Register of Cultural Properties
191:618,785 cu yd (473,095 m)
1143:David A. Phillips Jr. (July 19, 1996).
1005:David A. Phillips Jr. (July 19, 1996).
995:text of 1906 Boundary Waters Convention
993:https://www.ibwc.gov/Files/1906Conv.pdf
819:
727:Elephant Butte Dam was designated as a
582:Dam," after the former U.S. president.
234:28,900 sq mi (75,000 km)
1297:Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District
831:"National Register Information System"
825:
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799:List of Rio Grande dams and diversions
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967:Hamilton, Nancy (November 21, 1974).
902:Sierra County Centennial Video Series
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2025:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
1237:Historic American Engineering Record
1223:"Elephant Butte Irrigation District"
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836:National Register of Historic Places
737:National Register of Historic Places
592:Dam site, Elephant Butte (postcard,
865:Briseño, Elaine D. (July 5, 2020).
733:American Society of Civil Engineers
668:. It was eventually blocked by the
220:2,065,010 acre⋅ft (2.547152329
1932:National Historic Preservation Act
610:Like for many other rivers of the
568:was named for the rock formation.
36:The dam and reservoir at highstand
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2040:1916 establishments in New Mexico
1132:accompanying two photos from 1971
527:Truth or Consequences, New Mexico
19:Dam in Elephant Butte, New Mexico
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908:from the original on 2021-12-21.
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745:Elephant Butte Historic District
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666:U.S. Department of the Interior
659:1906 Boundary Waters Convention
257:140 ft (43 m) (rated)
1885:Federated States of Micronesia
1531:Architectural style categories
1278:Rio Grande dams and diversions
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455:
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693:25, 1905, and began in 1911.
393:Show map of the United States
242:36,500 acres (14,800 ha)
1043:"Elephant Butte Powerplant"
982:– via Newspapers.com.
956:– via Newspapers.com.
880:– via abqjournal.com.
701:segregated by American and
2056:
1937:Historic Preservation Fund
1916:American Legation, Morocco
1077:Popular Mechanics Magazine
407:Elephant Butte, New Mexico
167:1,674 ft (510 m)
125:U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
54:Elephant Butte, New Mexico
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1878:Lists by associated state
1302:Middle Rio Grande Project
763:Elephant Butte Powerplant
554:Sierra County, New Mexico
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454:NRHP reference
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1859:Northern Mariana Islands
1241:Elephant Butte Reservoir
1239:(HAER) No. NM-20, "
920:"Rio Grande Running Dry"
535:Elephant Butte Reservoir
444:Architectural style
81:33.153969°N 107.192113°W
670:U.S. Secretary of State
623:Albuquerque, New Mexico
276:Installed capacity
183:228 ft (69 m)
159:301 ft (92 m)
105:Construction began
2015:Dams completed in 1916
2005:Dams on the Rio Grande
1854:Minor Outlying Islands
1837:Lists by insular areas
1551:Keeper of the Register
1307:San Juan–Chama Project
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713:
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493:Designated NMSRCP
368:Show map of New Mexico
289:Annual generation
86:33.153969; -107.192113
1556:National Park Service
1536:Contributing property
1216:at Wikimedia Commons
1187:on September 27, 2006
1149:National Park Service
1119:National Park Service
1098:"Dedicate Landmark".
1053:on September 26, 2006
1011:National Park Service
841:National Park Service
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416:45 acres (18 ha)
175:18 ft (5 m)
137:Type of dam
1911:District of Columbia
1312:Closed Basin Project
1243:", 4 data pages
1177:"Elephant Butte Dam"
922:. Off the Kuff. 2003
973:El Paso Herald-Post
871:Albuquerque Journal
533:. The dam impounds
511:Elephant Butte Dike
230:Catchment area
217:Total capacity
212:Elephant Butte Lake
77: /
2000:Dams in New Mexico
1292:Rio Grande Project
1214:Elephant Butte Dam
1047:Rio Grande Project
948:. January 31, 1910
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690:Rio Grande Project
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612:American Southwest
606:Drought and floods
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507:Elephant Butte Dam
307:Elephant Butte Dam
196:Spillway type
172:Width (crest)
25:Elephant Butte Dam
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1541:Historic district
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1212:Media related to
573:Engle, New Mexico
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480:Significant dates
239:Surface area
180:Width (base)
131:Dam and spillways
113:Opening date
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27:
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2052:
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1475:Red Bluff Dam
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773:hydroelectric
761:
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734:
730:
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723:
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686:U.S. Congress
679:
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647:
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627:Peter E. Kern
624:
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583:
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569:
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550:volcanic plug
547:
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538:
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531:United States
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:, originally
512:
508:
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491:
488:April 9, 1979
487:
485:Added to NRHP
483:
478:
475:
472:
465:
462:
459:
452:
449:
446:
442:
439:Louis C. Hill
438:
434:
423:
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401:
380:
355:
345:
338:
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329:
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320:
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296:
292:
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286:
283:
279:
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273:
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266:
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247:Power Station
245:
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119:
115:
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107:
103:
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90:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
45:United States
44:
40:
33:
28:
23:
1783:South Dakota
1773:Rhode Island
1768:Pennsylvania
1748:North Dakota
1465:Brantley Dam
1367:
1363:Jemez Canyon
1321:Storage dams
1226:. Retrieved
1206:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1180:
1152:. Retrieved
1138:
1122:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1076:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:the original
1046:
1014:. Retrieved
1000:
988:
976:. Retrieved
972:
962:
950:. Retrieved
945:
936:
924:. Retrieved
914:
901:
874:. Retrieved
870:
834:
766:
754:
726:
715:
699:
695:
683:
680:Construction
674:
663:
643:
637:
620:
609:
593:
584:
577:
570:
544:
514:
510:
506:
505:
467:NMSRCP
448:Gravity-type
403:Nearest city
1904:Other areas
1864:Puerto Rico
1698:Mississippi
1613:Connecticut
1191:October 11,
1057:October 11,
876:February 2,
804:Caballo Dam
650:Smeltertown
519:gravity dam
84: /
72:107°11′32″W
60:Coordinates
1994:Categories
1813:Washington
1733:New Mexico
1728:New Jersey
1603:California
1470:Avalon Dam
1455:Sumner Dam
1409:San Acacia
1328:Rio Grande
1100:The Herald
1083:9 February
815:References
596:1916-1924)
523:Rio Grande
224:10 m)
150:Rio Grande
69:33°09′14″N
1823:Wisconsin
1788:Tennessee
1693:Minnesota
1668:Louisiana
1439:Riverside
1399:Angostura
978:April 27,
952:April 29,
926:April 10,
718:Aswan Dam
648:plant at
541:Etymology
529:, in the
515:Engle Dam
436:Architect
204:Reservoir
1979:Category
1808:Virginia
1758:Oklahoma
1738:New York
1713:Nebraska
1703:Missouri
1688:Michigan
1678:Maryland
1663:Kentucky
1643:Illinois
1618:Delaware
1608:Colorado
1598:Arkansas
1429:American
1419:Leasburg
1358:Galisteo
1285:Projects
906:Archived
779:See also
741:New Deal
562:elephant
461:79001556
263:Turbines
146:Impounds
121:Owner(s)
50:Location
1925:Related
1828:Wyoming
1803:Vermont
1708:Montana
1648:Indiana
1628:Georgia
1623:Florida
1593:Arizona
1583:Alabama
1424:Mesilla
1378:Amistad
1373:Caballo
1353:Cochiti
1348:Abiquiu
1343:El Vado
1333:Platoro
1181:Dataweb
1154:July 4,
1124:July 5,
1016:July 4,
896:Video.
731:by the
703:Mexican
601:History
558:isthmus
521:on the
426: (
209:Creates
141:Gravity
42:Country
1763:Oregon
1718:Nevada
1658:Kansas
1633:Hawaii
1588:Alaska
1524:Topics
1414:Percha
1404:Isleta
1383:Falcon
1221:EBID.
646:ASARCO
280:27.95
164:Length
156:Height
100:In use
97:Status
1895:Palau
1793:Texas
1673:Maine
1638:Idaho
1338:Heron
1228:1 May
1160:With
1130:With
1022:With
722:Egypt
720:, in
640:1916)
638:circa
594:circa
525:near
421:Built
1849:Guam
1798:Utah
1753:Ohio
1653:Iowa
1230:2014
1193:2006
1156:2019
1126:2019
1085:2009
1059:2006
1018:2019
980:2017
954:2017
928:2009
878:2021
684:The
428:1910
424:1910
413:Area
267:1 x
116:1916
108:1911
552:in
509:or
474:617
469:No.
456:No.
1996::
1179:.
1168:^
1147:.
1117:.
1075:.
1045:.
1030:^
1009:.
971:.
944:.
900:.
886:^
869:.
849:^
839:.
833:.
822:^
282:MW
1579::
1509:e
1502:t
1495:v
1270:e
1263:t
1256:v
1232:.
1195:.
1158:.
1128:.
1087:.
1061:.
1020:.
930:.
769:×
430:)
222:×
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