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1141:. He believed that authentic mystical core of the Jewish tradition, which he called "Hebraism" as opposed to more isolationist exoteric Judaism, is profoundly universal and capable of uniting all world religions and nations into one brotherly cosmopolitan network. While Benamozegh believed in the unique spiritual mission of the Jews, his idea of Jewish
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At the age of twenty-five he entered a commercial career, spending all his leisure time in study; but his natural tendency toward science and an active religious life soon caused him to abandon the pursuit of wealth. He then began to publish scientific and apologetic works, in which he revealed a
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Christianity... also associated the sephirot
Tiferet and Malkhut materially and definitely in the person of Christ. Benamozegh contended that, with the dogma of the Incarnation, Christianity invalidated one of the basic tenets of Kabbalah - namely, the perpetual tension between the real and the
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was far from narrow particularism. According to his worldview, the Jews are chosen to serve the humanity as a priestly people, by proving a common mystical ground that transcends the boundaries of the nations and religious traditions. He also emphasized the impact of other cultures on
Judaism,
1203:"Em la-Mikra" (Matrix of Scripture), commentary on the Pentateuch containing critical, philological, archeological, and scientific notes on the dogmas, history, laws, and customs of the ancient peoples, published together with the text under the title "Torat Adonai," Leghorn and Paris, 1862–65
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According to
Christianity, the descend of God into the finite is accomplished in the bosom of mankind alone, or rather in a single man; but for the Kabbalah, the incarnation exists in and through the very fact of the entire creation, although man occupies the central
1040:. While he disagreed with the Trinitarian Christian theology, he considered it, unlike most other Orthodox rabbis, an erroneous misunderstanding of subtle Kabbalistic doctrines rather than a major deviation from monotheism. Moreover, he claimed that Christianity is
225:. Later, Benamozegh was appointed rabbi and professor of theology at the rabbinical school of his native town; and, his other occupations notwithstanding, he continued to write and defend Jewish traditions until his death, in Livorno.
1079:'s atheistic philosophy. Feuerbach wrote that God is merely a product of human mind. Benamozegh explained that Feuerbach is essentially right; However, what people call "God" is a limited human perception of the
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as evidence in support of
Kabbalistic teachings, which he synthesized to offer a majestic vision of cosmic evolution, with radical implications for understanding the development of morality and religion itself.
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1217:'Spinoza et la Kabbale', in L'Univers Israélite, Paris, 1863 ; (english translation "Spinoza and Kabbalah", éditions localement transcendantes, Puyméras, 2024)
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great attachment to the Jewish religion, exhibiting at the same time a broad and liberal mind. His solicitude for Jewish traditions caused him to support
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Between
Enlightenment and Romanticism: Computational Kabbalah of Rabbi Pinchas Elijah Hurwitz, by Yoel Matveyev, History and Philosophy of Logic 32 (1)
548:
1867:
1661:
Langton, Daniel R. (2016). "Elijah
Benamozegh and Evolutionary Theory: A Nineteenth Century Italian Kabbalist's Panentheistic Response to Darwin".
189:, died when Elijah was only four years old. He entered school early, where, besides instruction in the elementary sciences, he received tuition in
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The very core of
Feuerbach's criticism, the anthropomorphic nature of this idea of the divinity, does not bother Benamozegh at all
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1230:"Morale Juive et Morale Chrétienne. Examen Comparatif Suivi de Quelques Réflexions sur les Principes de l'Islamisme," Paris, 1867
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O Israelites, that you will always love Italy, that you will love her with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind
1239:"Le Crime de la Guerre Dénoncé à L'Humanité," Paris, 1881 (this work won for its author a medal and honorable mention from the
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starting from the ancient
Egyptian paganism, as well as the great role of the proselytes in the Jewish history. Unlike some
1273:"Israël et l'Humanité" (Israel and Humanity), discussion of universal religion and the roles of and relationships between
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Benamozegh's works are noted for his free and uninhibited use of various non-Jewish religious sources, especially the
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At the same time, Benamozegh was a staunch
Italian patriot. He even wrote a daring formulation, based on the Jewish
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A particular interest was evolutionary theory and its universalist implications. Over time, Benamozegh came to view
1150:, Benamozegh believed that Kabbalah is a universal theology that unites all human beings and views them as equals.
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1233:"Jewish and Christian Ethics with a Criticism on Mahomedism" (English translation of the above. E. Blochman, 1873)
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or panentheistic grounds. According to
Benamozegh's Kabbalistic view, the entire world is an incarnation of the
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Philosophy and Kabbalah: Elijah Benamozegh and the Reconciliation of Western Thought and Jewish Esotericism
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Steinsaltz, Adin (2005). "Peace without Conciliation: The Irrelevance of 'Toleration' in Judaism".
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The Unknown Sanctuary: A Pilgrimage from Rome to Israel, by Aime Palliere, Bloch Pub Co, 1986
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philosophy, Benamozegh viewed the Italian soil as a specially beloved expression of the
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1462:"Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals: Rabbi Eliyahu Benamozegh: Israel and Humanity"
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The Challenge of Creation: Judaism's Encounter with Science, Cosmology and Evolution
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Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic Tradition, by Gershom Scholem
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Abraham Cohen de Herrera, by Nissim Yosha, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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as a wise rabbi and righteous Jew, but criticized the religious innovations of
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Isaacs, Alick (2005). "Benamozegh's Tone: A Response to Rabbi Steinsaltz".
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1323:"Three Jewish Theologians of Christianity: Elijah Benamozegh (1823–1900)"
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1784: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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are common in the Kabbalistic literature. A number of known rabbis
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Indeed, dualistic, panentheistic, and highly complex views of the
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Jesus was a good Jew who did not dream of founding a rival church
1258:"Ya'aneh be-Esh" (He Will Answer Through Fire), discussion of
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In his theological works, Benamozegh suggested to explain the
1178:"Emat Mafgia'" (The Fear of the Opponent), a refutation of
1823:
Jewish and Christian ethics with a criticism on Mahomedism
1484:"The forgotten Sephardi heritage: Rabbi Elijah Benamozegh"
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Benamozegh considered himself, simultaneously, an Italian
1220:"Mebo Kelali," general introduction to the traditions of
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Another Modernity: Elia Benamozegh's Jewish Universalism
1189:"Ger Tzedek" (A Righteous Proselyte), critical notes on
1327:
Opening the Covenant: A Jewish Theology of Christianity
16:
Italian Orthodox rabbi and Jewish Kabbalist (1823–1900)
1224:, published in "Ha-Lebanon," 1864, pp. 73 et seq.
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Benamozegh offered a novel mystical interpretation of
1064:, the feminine aspect of Divinity. He believed that
209:, which he endeavored to reconcile with each other.
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21:
1558:ideal, symbolized precisely by Malkhut and Tiferet
1386:. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture.
1196:"Ner le-David" (Lamp of David), commentary on the
1382:(2020). "The Moroccan World of a Livornese Jew".
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1372:
1370:
1028:as an oversimplified and corrupt version of the
1007:invention of Christianity as a separate religion
128:(born 1823 – died 6 February 1900), sometimes
1200:, published together with the text, ib., 1858
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8:
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1314:
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181:". His father (Abraham) and mother (Clara),
1614:"The Thought and Life of Elijah Benamozegh"
1512:The Apostle Paul in the Jewish Imagination
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18:
1833:The Thought and Life of Elijah Benamozegh
1343:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112597.003.0003
1539:
1537:
1111:theory of the common descent of all life
1011:split of early Christianity from Judaism
48:Rabbi of the Jewish community of Livorno
1516:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1306:
572:Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
240:
1054:criticized the Christian view of Jesus
1227:"Storia degli Esseni," Florence, 1865
7:
1482:Azagury, Yaëlle (28 December 2017).
1044:monotheistic in comparison with the
177:. The name Benamozegh means "son of
1878:Italian people of Moroccan descent
1663:European Journal of Jewish Studies
161:(1863), which was translated into
14:
1828:Morale Juive et Morale Chrétienne
1612:Loughran, James; Klenicki, Leon.
982:. Benamozegh even considered the
1811:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1779:
1547:, State University of New York,
1121:views were recently promoted by
248:
165:by Dr. Mordechai Luria in 1995.
32:
1868:Italian critics of Christianity
1161:. Apparently, according to his
986:to be a highly valuable Jewish
1285:, 1914 (posthumous, edited by
1206:"Ta'am Leshad," refutation of
1129:Cosmopolitanism and patriotism
1102:-like dualistic views of God.
516:Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
1:
1464:. Jewishideas.org. 2008-10-24
1068:is closer in this respect to
731:Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
1858:19th-century Italian rabbis
1241:League of Peace and Freedom
1186:, in 2 vols., Leghorn, 1858
155:Jewish community of Livorno
1924:
1321:Kogan, Michael S. (2008).
846:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
726:Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
1675:10.1163/1872471X-12341293
1408:10.1515/9781503613119-004
1400:Stanford University Press
756:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
549:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
307:Aristobulus of Alexandria
216:Tomb of Elijah Benamozegh
119:
115:, Kabbalistic scholarship
63:
52:
43:
31:
1753:10.1215/0961754X-11-1-48
1710:10.1215/0961754X-11-1-41
1508:Langton, Daniel (2010).
1243:, on the proposition of
1052:. Similarly, Benamozegh
721:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
1873:Italian Orthodox rabbis
1826:English translation of
1808:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1335:Oxford University Press
1805:; et al. (eds.).
1577:, Paulist Press 1995,
1148:exclusivist Kabbalists
781:Isaac Orobio de Castro
751:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
448:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
229:Religious universalism
217:
1883:Italian Sephardi Jews
1208:Samuel David Luzzatto
1056:as incarnated God on
1009:, which provoked the
791:Samuel David Luzzatto
761:Samson Raphael Hirsch
382:Spanish and European:
350:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
215:
1799:"Benamozegh, Elijah"
1451:, 2006. page 241-242
1182:'s attacks upon the
990:, comparable to the
493:Judah Leon Abravanel
1575:Israel and Humanity
1573:Elijah Benamozegh,
1543:Alessandro Guetta,
1380:Boulouque, Clémence
1210:'s dialogue on the
1072:than Christianity.
923:Microcosm–macrocosm
841:Joseph Soloveitchik
511:Natan'el al-Fayyumi
312:Philo of Alexandria
236:Part of a series on
159:Israel and Humanity
113:Israel and Humanity
1488:The Jerusalem Post
1402:. pp. 15–26.
1337:. pp. 80–84.
836:Abraham Isaac Kook
816:Monsieur Chouchani
418:Joseph ibn Tzaddik
388:Hasdai ibn Shaprut
355:Ismaili philosophy
345:Brethren of Purity
218:
1765:Project MUSE
1722:Project MUSE
1616:. Jcrelations.net
1352:978-0-19-511259-7
1262:according to the
1249:Édouard Laboulaye
1038:Divine Emanations
969:
968:
806:Eliezer Berkovits
796:Elijah Benamozegh
786:Moses Mendelssohn
701:Francisco Sanches
660:Reconstructionist
463:Isaac ben Sheshet
458:Moses of Narbonne
438:Samuel ibn Tibbon
398:Abraham bar Hiyya
242:Jewish philosophy
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1439:Natan Slifkin
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1417:9781503613119
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1163:panentheistic
1160:
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1128:
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1120:
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1098:Kabbalah for
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1035:
1034:panentheistic
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
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1008:
1004:
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989:
985:
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978:
977:ancient Pagan
974:
973:New Testament
962:
957:
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948:
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940:
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928:Righteousness
926:
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878:Chosen people
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771:Isaac Cardoso
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744:
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534:Isaac Israeli
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20:
1893:Panentheists
1827:
1821:
1806:
1795:Isaac Broydé
1778:
1747:(1): 48–55.
1744:
1740:
1734:
1704:(1): 41–47.
1701:
1697:
1691:
1666:
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1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1618:. Retrieved
1607:
1598:
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1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1544:
1511:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1456:
1449:Yashar Books
1442:
1434:
1392:Redwood City
1383:
1326:
1279:Christianity
1158:
1152:
1139:cosmopolitan
1132:
1119:universalist
1116:
1104:
1089:
1074:
1041:
1036:doctrine of
1015:
970:
826:Martin Buber
795:
694:
645:Conservative
618:
565:
527:
504:
408:Judah Halevi
381:
360:Jewish Kalam
338:
300:
269:
219:
187:Fez, Morocco
172:
158:
133:
129:
125:
124:
112:
54:
1853:1900 deaths
1848:1822 births
1560:; p. 61-64:
1290: [
1245:Jules Simon
1193:, ib., 1858
1155:declaration
1083:, Infinite
1030:Kabbalistic
1026:Incarnation
883:Eschatology
776:David Nieto
741:Jacob Emden
675:Neo-Hasidic
554:Ibn Kammuna
544:al-Mukkamas
539:Saadia Gaon
473:Joseph Albo
433:Nachmanides
393:Ibn Gabirol
261:Hellenistic
185:natives of
1888:Kabbalists
1842:Categories
1620:2013-12-07
1589:; p. 202:
1585:, p. 329:
1493:7 February
1468:2013-12-07
1396:De Gruyter
1301:References
1157:of faith:
1143:chosenness
1096:criticized
801:Moses Hess
619:Positions:
566:Positions:
483:Judah Minz
453:Gersonides
428:Maimonides
291:Boethusian
270:Positions:
203:philosophy
101:Occupation
92:1900-02-06
1761:145444889
1718:146228632
1555:, p. 43:
1426:243702643
1361:170858477
1260:cremation
1167:Shekhinah
1081:apophatic
1062:Shekhinah
980:mythology
913:Holocaust
903:Happiness
685:Rambamist
665:Holocaust
640:Chassidic
630:Sephardic
577:Kabbalist
505:Yemenite:
281:Sadducean
276:Hasmonean
141:Sephardic
136:, was an
109:Known for
59:1850–1900
55:In office
1683:54063674
1331:New York
1266:and the
1085:Absolute
1066:Hinduism
1058:monistic
1050:Absolute
1046:Kabbalah
1005:and the
992:Talmudic
908:Holiness
625:Orthodox
592:Tosafist
587:Talmudic
365:Kabbalah
330:Medieval
286:Pharisee
223:Kabbalah
207:theology
144:Orthodox
1788::
1275:Judaism
1222:Judaism
1135:patriot
1100:Gnostic
1092:Godhead
1022:Trinity
1020:of the
995:Aggadah
988:Midrash
984:Gospels
918:Messiah
695:People:
670:Renewal
582:Karaism
301:People:
195:English
179:Amazigh
175:Livorno
163:English
138:Italian
134:Eliyahu
81:, Italy
79:Livorno
1769:176866
1767:
1759:
1726:176866
1724:
1716:
1681:
1592:focus.
1581:
1551:
1524:
1424:
1414:
1388:Berlin
1359:
1349:
1281:, and
1268:Talmud
1251:, and
1212:Cabala
1198:Psalms
1184:Cabala
1137:and a
1107:Darwin
888:Ethics
863:Topics
680:Mussar
650:Reform
635:Chabad
610:Modern
528:Other:
199:French
197:, and
191:Hebrew
1801:. In
1757:S2CID
1714:S2CID
1679:S2CID
1520:–63.
1422:S2CID
1357:S2CID
1294:]
1283:Islam
1264:Bible
1173:Works
999:Jesus
893:Faith
873:Anger
147:rabbi
23:Rabbi
1793:and
1579:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1495:2023
1412:ISBN
1390:and
1347:ISBN
1024:and
1003:Paul
975:and
205:and
169:Life
130:Elia
86:Died
76:1823
73:Born
1749:doi
1706:doi
1671:doi
1404:doi
1339:doi
1109:'s
1042:too
898:God
132:or
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1292:fr
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