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1152:. He believed that authentic mystical core of the Jewish tradition, which he called "Hebraism" as opposed to more isolationist exoteric Judaism, is profoundly universal and capable of uniting all world religions and nations into one brotherly cosmopolitan network. While Benamozegh believed in the unique spiritual mission of the Jews, his idea of Jewish
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At the age of twenty-five he entered a commercial career, spending all his leisure time in study; but his natural tendency toward science and an active religious life soon caused him to abandon the pursuit of wealth. He then began to publish scientific and apologetic works, in which he revealed a
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Christianity... also associated the sephirot
Tiferet and Malkhut materially and definitely in the person of Christ. Benamozegh contended that, with the dogma of the Incarnation, Christianity invalidated one of the basic tenets of Kabbalah - namely, the perpetual tension between the real and the
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was far from narrow particularism. According to his worldview, the Jews are chosen to serve the humanity as a priestly people, by proving a common mystical ground that transcends the boundaries of the nations and religious traditions. He also emphasized the impact of other cultures on
Judaism,
1214:"Em la-Mikra" (Matrix of Scripture), commentary on the Pentateuch containing critical, philological, archeological, and scientific notes on the dogmas, history, laws, and customs of the ancient peoples, published together with the text under the title "Torat Adonai," Leghorn and Paris, 1862–65
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According to
Christianity, the descend of God into the finite is accomplished in the bosom of mankind alone, or rather in a single man; but for the Kabbalah, the incarnation exists in and through the very fact of the entire creation, although man occupies the central
1051:. While he disagreed with the Trinitarian Christian theology, he considered it, unlike most other Orthodox rabbis, an erroneous misunderstanding of subtle Kabbalistic doctrines rather than a major deviation from monotheism. Moreover, he claimed that Christianity is
236:. Later, Benamozegh was appointed rabbi and professor of theology at the rabbinical school of his native town; and, his other occupations notwithstanding, he continued to write and defend Jewish traditions until his death, in Livorno.
1090:'s atheistic philosophy. Feuerbach wrote that God is merely a product of human mind. Benamozegh explained that Feuerbach is essentially right; However, what people call "God" is a limited human perception of the
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as evidence in support of
Kabbalistic teachings, which he synthesized to offer a majestic vision of cosmic evolution, with radical implications for understanding the development of morality and religion itself.
933:
1228:'Spinoza et la Kabbale', in L'Univers Israélite, Paris, 1863 ; (english translation "Spinoza and Kabbalah", éditions localement transcendantes, Puyméras, 2024)
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969:
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great attachment to the Jewish religion, exhibiting at the same time a broad and liberal mind. His solicitude for Jewish traditions caused him to support
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Between
Enlightenment and Romanticism: Computational Kabbalah of Rabbi Pinchas Elijah Hurwitz, by Yoel Matveyev, History and Philosophy of Logic 32 (1)
559:
1878:
1672:
Langton, Daniel R. (2016). "Elijah
Benamozegh and Evolutionary Theory: A Nineteenth Century Italian Kabbalist's Panentheistic Response to Darwin".
200:, died when Elijah was only four years old. He entered school early, where, besides instruction in the elementary sciences, he received tuition in
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The very core of
Feuerbach's criticism, the anthropomorphic nature of this idea of the divinity, does not bother Benamozegh at all
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1241:"Morale Juive et Morale Chrétienne. Examen Comparatif Suivi de Quelques Réflexions sur les Principes de l'Islamisme," Paris, 1867
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O Israelites, that you will always love Italy, that you will love her with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind
1250:"Le Crime de la Guerre Dénoncé à L'Humanité," Paris, 1881 (this work won for its author a medal and honorable mention from the
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starting from the ancient
Egyptian paganism, as well as the great role of the proselytes in the Jewish history. Unlike some
1284:"Israël et l'Humanité" (Israel and Humanity), discussion of universal religion and the roles of and relationships between
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Benamozegh's works are noted for his free and uninhibited use of various non-Jewish religious sources, especially the
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At the same time, Benamozegh was a staunch
Italian patriot. He even wrote a daring formulation, based on the Jewish
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A particular interest was evolutionary theory and its universalist implications. Over time, Benamozegh came to view
1161:, Benamozegh believed that Kabbalah is a universal theology that unites all human beings and views them as equals.
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1244:"Jewish and Christian Ethics with a Criticism on Mahomedism" (English translation of the above. E. Blochman, 1873)
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or panentheistic grounds. According to
Benamozegh's Kabbalistic view, the entire world is an incarnation of the
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Philosophy and Kabbalah: Elijah Benamozegh and the Reconciliation of Western Thought and Jewish Esotericism
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Steinsaltz, Adin (2005). "Peace without Conciliation: The Irrelevance of 'Toleration' in Judaism".
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The Unknown Sanctuary: A Pilgrimage from Rome to Israel, by Aime Palliere, Bloch Pub Co, 1986
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philosophy, Benamozegh viewed the Italian soil as a specially beloved expression of the
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1473:"Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals: Rabbi Eliyahu Benamozegh: Israel and Humanity"
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The Challenge of Creation: Judaism's Encounter with Science, Cosmology and Evolution
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Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic Tradition, by Gershom Scholem
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Abraham Cohen de Herrera, by Nissim Yosha, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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as a wise rabbi and righteous Jew, but criticized the religious innovations of
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Isaacs, Alick (2005). "Benamozegh's Tone: A Response to Rabbi Steinsaltz".
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1334:"Three Jewish Theologians of Christianity: Elijah Benamozegh (1823–1900)"
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1795: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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1247:"Teologia Dogmatica ed Apologetica," Leghorn, 1877 (on metaphysics)
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are common in the Kabbalistic literature. A number of known rabbis
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Indeed, dualistic, panentheistic, and highly complex views of the
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Jesus was a good Jew who did not dream of founding a rival church
1269:"Ya'aneh be-Esh" (He Will Answer Through Fire), discussion of
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In his theological works, Benamozegh suggested to explain the
1189:"Emat Mafgia'" (The Fear of the Opponent), a refutation of
1834:
Jewish and Christian ethics with a criticism on Mahomedism
1495:"The forgotten Sephardi heritage: Rabbi Elijah Benamozegh"
1144:
Benamozegh considered himself, simultaneously, an Italian
1231:"Mebo Kelali," general introduction to the traditions of
1395:
Another Modernity: Elia Benamozegh's Jewish Universalism
1200:"Ger Tzedek" (A Righteous Proselyte), critical notes on
1338:
Opening the Covenant: A Jewish Theology of Christianity
27:
Italian Orthodox rabbi and Jewish Kabbalist (1823–1900)
1235:, published in "Ha-Lebanon," 1864, pp. 73 et seq.
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Benamozegh offered a novel mystical interpretation of
1075:, the feminine aspect of Divinity. He believed that
220:, which he endeavored to reconcile with each other.
119:
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83:
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32:
1569:ideal, symbolized precisely by Malkhut and Tiferet
1397:. Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture.
1207:"Ner le-David" (Lamp of David), commentary on the
1393:(2020). "The Moroccan World of a Livornese Jew".
1385:
1383:
1381:
1039:as an oversimplified and corrupt version of the
1018:invention of Christianity as a separate religion
139:(born 1823 – died 6 February 1900), sometimes
1211:, published together with the text, ib., 1858
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8:
1327:
1325:
1323:
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192:". His father (Abraham) and mother (Clara),
1625:"The Thought and Life of Elijah Benamozegh"
1523:The Apostle Paul in the Jewish Imagination
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956:
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29:
1844:The Thought and Life of Elijah Benamozegh
1354:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112597.003.0003
1550:
1548:
1122:theory of the common descent of all life
1022:split of early Christianity from Judaism
59:Rabbi of the Jewish community of Livorno
1527:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1317:
583:Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
251:
1065:criticized the Christian view of Jesus
1238:"Storia degli Esseni," Florence, 1865
7:
1493:Azagury, Yaëlle (28 December 2017).
1055:monotheistic in comparison with the
188:. The name Benamozegh means "son of
1889:Italian people of Moroccan descent
1674:European Journal of Jewish Studies
172:(1863), which was translated into
25:
1839:Morale Juive et Morale Chrétienne
1623:Loughran, James; Klenicki, Leon.
993:. Benamozegh even considered the
1822:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1790:
1558:, State University of New York,
1132:views were recently promoted by
259:
176:by Dr. Mordechai Luria in 1995.
43:
1879:Italian critics of Christianity
1172:. Apparently, according to his
997:to be a highly valuable Jewish
1296:, 1914 (posthumous, edited by
1217:"Ta'am Leshad," refutation of
1140:Cosmopolitanism and patriotism
1113:-like dualistic views of God.
527:Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
1:
1475:. Jewishideas.org. 2008-10-24
1079:is closer in this respect to
742:Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
1869:19th-century Italian rabbis
1252:League of Peace and Freedom
1197:, in 2 vols., Leghorn, 1858
166:Jewish community of Livorno
1935:
1332:Kogan, Michael S. (2008).
857:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
737:Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
1686:10.1163/1872471X-12341293
1419:10.1515/9781503613119-004
1411:Stanford University Press
767:Simcha Bunim of Peshischa
560:Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
318:Aristobulus of Alexandria
227:Tomb of Elijah Benamozegh
130:
126:, Kabbalistic scholarship
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63:
54:
42:
1764:10.1215/0961754X-11-1-48
1721:10.1215/0961754X-11-1-41
1519:Langton, Daniel (2010).
1254:, on the proposition of
1063:. Similarly, Benamozegh
732:Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
1884:Italian Orthodox rabbis
1837:English translation of
1819:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1346:Oxford University Press
1816:; et al. (eds.).
1588:, Paulist Press 1995,
1159:exclusivist Kabbalists
792:Isaac Orobio de Castro
762:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
459:Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
240:Religious universalism
228:
1894:Italian Sephardi Jews
1219:Samuel David Luzzatto
1067:as incarnated God on
1020:, which provoked the
802:Samuel David Luzzatto
772:Samson Raphael Hirsch
393:Spanish and European:
361:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
226:
1810:"Benamozegh, Elijah"
1462:, 2006. page 241-242
1193:'s attacks upon the
1001:, comparable to the
504:Judah Leon Abravanel
1586:Israel and Humanity
1584:Elijah Benamozegh,
1554:Alessandro Guetta,
1391:Boulouque, Clémence
1221:'s dialogue on the
1083:than Christianity.
934:Microcosm–macrocosm
852:Joseph Soloveitchik
522:Natan'el al-Fayyumi
323:Philo of Alexandria
247:Part of a series on
170:Israel and Humanity
124:Israel and Humanity
1499:The Jerusalem Post
1413:. pp. 15–26.
1348:. pp. 80–84.
847:Abraham Isaac Kook
827:Monsieur Chouchani
429:Joseph ibn Tzaddik
399:Hasdai ibn Shaprut
366:Ismaili philosophy
356:Brethren of Purity
229:
1776:Project MUSE
1733:Project MUSE
1627:. Jcrelations.net
1363:978-0-19-511259-7
1273:according to the
1260:Édouard Laboulaye
1049:Divine Emanations
980:
979:
817:Eliezer Berkovits
807:Elijah Benamozegh
797:Moses Mendelssohn
712:Francisco Sanches
671:Reconstructionist
474:Isaac ben Sheshet
469:Moses of Narbonne
449:Samuel ibn Tibbon
409:Abraham bar Hiyya
253:Jewish philosophy
137:Elijah Benamozegh
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37:Elijah Benamozegh
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1564:0-8091-3541-8
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1450:Natan Slifkin
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1174:panentheistic
1171:
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1135:
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1128:Benamozegh's
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1108:
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1045:panentheistic
1042:
1038:
1034:
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1025:
1023:
1019:
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1007:
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988:ancient Pagan
985:
984:New Testament
973:
968:
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939:Righteousness
937:
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46:
41:
31:
19:
1904:Panentheists
1838:
1832:
1817:
1806:Isaac Broydé
1789:
1758:(1): 48–55.
1755:
1751:
1745:
1715:(1): 41–47.
1712:
1708:
1702:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1629:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1555:
1522:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1488:
1477:. Retrieved
1467:
1460:Yashar Books
1453:
1445:
1403:Redwood City
1394:
1337:
1290:Christianity
1169:
1163:
1150:cosmopolitan
1143:
1130:universalist
1127:
1115:
1100:
1085:
1052:
1047:doctrine of
1026:
981:
837:Martin Buber
806:
705:
656:Conservative
629:
576:
538:
515:
419:Judah Halevi
392:
371:Jewish Kalam
349:
311:
280:
230:
198:Fez, Morocco
183:
169:
144:
140:
136:
135:
123:
65:
1864:1900 deaths
1859:1822 births
1571:; p. 61-64:
1301: [
1256:Jules Simon
1204:, ib., 1858
1166:declaration
1094:, Infinite
1041:Kabbalistic
1037:Incarnation
894:Eschatology
787:David Nieto
752:Jacob Emden
686:Neo-Hasidic
565:Ibn Kammuna
555:al-Mukkamas
550:Saadia Gaon
484:Joseph Albo
444:Nachmanides
404:Ibn Gabirol
272:Hellenistic
196:natives of
1899:Kabbalists
1853:Categories
1631:2013-12-07
1600:; p. 202:
1596:, p. 329:
1504:7 February
1479:2013-12-07
1407:De Gruyter
1312:References
1168:of faith:
1154:chosenness
1107:criticized
812:Moses Hess
630:Positions:
577:Positions:
494:Judah Minz
464:Gersonides
439:Maimonides
302:Boethusian
281:Positions:
214:philosophy
112:Occupation
103:1900-02-06
18:Benamozegh
1772:145444889
1729:146228632
1566:, p. 43:
1437:243702643
1372:170858477
1271:cremation
1178:Shekhinah
1092:apophatic
1073:Shekhinah
991:mythology
924:Holocaust
914:Happiness
696:Rambamist
676:Holocaust
651:Chassidic
641:Sephardic
588:Kabbalist
516:Yemenite:
292:Sadducean
287:Hasmonean
152:Sephardic
147:, was an
120:Known for
70:1850–1900
66:In office
1694:54063674
1342:New York
1277:and the
1096:Absolute
1077:Hinduism
1069:monistic
1061:Absolute
1057:Kabbalah
1016:and the
1003:Talmudic
919:Holiness
636:Orthodox
603:Tosafist
598:Talmudic
376:Kabbalah
341:Medieval
297:Pharisee
234:Kabbalah
218:theology
155:Orthodox
1799::
1286:Judaism
1233:Judaism
1146:patriot
1111:Gnostic
1103:Godhead
1033:Trinity
1031:of the
1006:Aggadah
999:Midrash
995:Gospels
929:Messiah
706:People:
681:Renewal
593:Karaism
312:People:
206:English
190:Amazigh
186:Livorno
174:English
149:Italian
145:Eliyahu
92:, Italy
90:Livorno
1780:176866
1778:
1770:
1737:176866
1735:
1727:
1692:
1603:focus.
1592:
1562:
1535:
1435:
1425:
1399:Berlin
1370:
1360:
1292:, and
1279:Talmud
1262:, and
1223:Cabala
1209:Psalms
1195:Cabala
1148:and a
1118:Darwin
899:Ethics
874:Topics
691:Mussar
661:Reform
646:Chabad
621:Modern
539:Other:
210:French
208:, and
202:Hebrew
1812:. In
1768:S2CID
1725:S2CID
1690:S2CID
1531:–63.
1433:S2CID
1368:S2CID
1305:]
1294:Islam
1275:Bible
1184:Works
1010:Jesus
904:Faith
884:Anger
158:rabbi
34:Rabbi
1804:and
1590:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1506:2023
1423:ISBN
1401:and
1358:ISBN
1035:and
1014:Paul
986:and
216:and
180:Life
141:Elia
97:Died
87:1823
84:Born
1760:doi
1717:doi
1682:doi
1415:doi
1350:doi
1120:'s
1053:too
909:God
143:or
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1754:.
1731:.
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1688:.
1678:10
1676:.
1547:^
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1303:fr
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