639:) leaking from her nose and mouth. In addition, Lopez informed her sister that Elisa would not eat or drink. When Mrs. Torres insisted Awilda take Elisa to the hospital, Awilda replied she would "think about it" after she had finished cleaning the dishes. The following morning, Awilda contacted a neighbor, whom she invited to view Elisa's lifeless body. Upon being unable to locate signs of life, this neighbor told Awilda to call the police, which she refused to do. In response, this neighbor immediately called police and an ambulance as Awilda threatened to commit suicide.
441:
attended and Prince
Michael of Greece also wrote personal letters to Judge Phoebe Greenbaum, opposing the initial temporary custody of Elisa awarded to Awilda Lopez upon the death of her father and endorsing Elsa Canizares's application to obtain permanent custody of Elisa. Furthermore, in his letter to Judge Greenbaum, Prince Michael of Greece emphasized his intentions to pay for Elisa's education at Brooklyn Friends School should Elsa Canizares be awarded custody of the child.
1009:
865:
the actual caseworker(s) assigned to investigate reports of suspected child abuse or neglect relating to the deceased child or children in question; however, these reports do list each and every complaint and/or report submitted relating to the child or children, and the agency's actual response. In addition, these public records contain an assessment detailing whether or not the agency's overall response had been adequate.
551:. Neighbors also reported hearing sounds of Elisa being beaten and otherwise abused, later reporting hearing Elisa's repeatedly pleading with her mother to stop hitting her, crying out pleas such as: "Mommy, Mommy, please stop! No more! I'm sorry." Some neighbors did report their suspicions of child abuse to child welfare authorities; however, no effective action was taken. Other neighbors reportedly knew of the abuse Elisa
1021:
742:. Prior to formal sentencing, Schlesinger openly criticized the child welfare system within New York, stating: "We have not created procedures to do everything necessary to protect the young and vulnerable in this society. The system has failed to protect our babies, and don't tell me how much it costs. If anything this horrendous tragedy, it will be that we give priority to these babies."
673:
661:
1133:, Awilda Lopez would deny inflicting any severe form of mental or physical abuse upon Elisa, and categorically denied even tentatively torturing her child. She insisted police had forced her to confess to these acts of cruelty, insisting she had never subjected Elisa to any abuse beyond occasionally "hitting her" or "spanking her" on the backside.
510:
child abuse or neglect. As such, this report was rejected. A further factor in this decision was the fact Elisa had been under court-ordered caseworker supervision. In response to the school having reporting the suspected abuse of her daughter to the
Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities and a subsequent home visit by staff at the school,
453:
strong desire to live with her biological mother. Furthermore, Canizares was criticized by Awilda's legal representation at this hearing for having "the nerve" to try and take Elisa from her biological mother. To this accusation, Elsa
Canizares replied her nerve was borne out of fear of Elisa being placed with her mother.
997:
776:
her mother in 1994 in spite of protestations from her family and school, but numerous instances of concerns for Elisa's safety reported to child welfare agencies such as the
Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities by various individuals since that date had ultimately failed to remove Elisa from the custody of her mother.
1185:
A major deciding factor in the decision to legislate Elisa's Law had been a general and collective frustration experienced by both law enforcement and advocacy personnel when child welfare agencies had repeatedly cited then-existing confidentiality procedures as a justification as to their refusal to
775:
The public outrage at Elisa's death was fuelled by revelations that despite Awilda Lopez's evident and spiraling drug addiction and the obvious and increasing signs of the ongoing abuse Elisa was suffering at the hands of her mother and stepfather, not only had a judge awarded custody of the child to
642:
In custody, Awilda initially confessed to having thrown Elisa head-first into a concrete wall two days prior to her contacting her neighbor, adding that Elisa had neither talked nor walked after this incident. A subsequent autopsy revealed numerous injuries including broken fingers (one bone of which
491:
On March 14, 1995, an anonymous letter was posted to the
Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities. The author of this letter stated that Awilda Lopez had cut off much of Elisa's hair and had begun locking her in a dark room for extensive periods of time. Six days later, Elisa was admitted to hospital with
375:
Both Elisa's father and her teachers noted the child bore bruising and other signs of physical mistreatment when she returned from these unsupervised visits. One of the locations of these injuries was Elisa's genitalia and the child did divulge that her mother had repeatedly hit her and locked her in
261:
homeless shelter two years prior to Elisa's birth, where
Gustavo worked part-time as a cleaner and caterer. Awilda herself was a temporary resident at the shelter, having been evicted from the apartment she shared with a previous partner, Ruben Rivera (with whom she had born two children), due to the
864:
particularly with regards to the deaths of children previously reported to child welfare services as suffering any form of neglect or abuse. All reports pertaining to the deaths of children resulting from child abuse available for public scrutiny do not name the actual deceased child or children, or
647:
and burns across her head, face and body. In addition, her genitalia and rectum also bore evidence of trauma, including tearing. Thirty circular marks upon her body were found to be impressions left by the stone in the ring of the individual who had struck Elisa. Forensically, it was proven that the
535:
Reportedly, despite the fact that in addition to having by this time borne six children (three of whom had been born after Elisa), Awilda targeted Elisa for almost all of the abuse she inflicted upon her children. After withdrawing her from her school, Elisa was locked in her bedroom, was denied any
452:
and a federally funded parenting program. According to Elsa
Canizares, at this hearing, the legal representatives for Awilda testified as to her "valiant efforts" to refrain from relapsing into drug use, falsely claiming that caseworkers had visited the Lopez residence and that Elisa had expressed a
380:
in addition to losing control of her bowels, and would regularly experience nightmares upon learning she was to be in the custody of her mother for even short periods of time. Another family acquaintance noted that Elisa would always vomit upon her return from these visits to her mother, and refused
811:
Following Elisa's death, Judge
Greenbaum was subjected to severe criticism regarding her 1994 decision to award custody of Elisa to Awilda Lopez as opposed to Elsa Canizares. Greenbaum responded to this criticism by claiming she had been merely following procedural recommendations when she had made
330:
In 1990, Gustavo enrolled his daughter in the
Montessori preschool, although shortly thereafter, his incipient ailing health complicated his ability to pay for Elisa's schooling. As Elisa was such an outstanding and promising student and Gustavo such a dedicated father, both teachers and the school
306:
When Elisa was born, she was addicted to crack cocaine, requiring social workers to immediately notify the city's child welfare administration services as to her condition. As a result of her mother's evident addiction, full custody of Elisa was awarded to her father, Gustavo, who despite having no
848:
formally signed Elisa's Law into legislation. This legislation, named in Elisa's honor, was signed into law in the presence of several relatives of Elisa, plus numerous social workers and school teachers who had all attempted to intervene and/or inform child welfare authorities in their collective
621:
water, mopping the floor with Elisa's head and face, inflicting burns upon the child's head, face, lips, and body, sexually violating her both vaginally and anally with a hairbrush or toothbrush, hanging her from a shower rod for the purpose of entertainment, and dropping a chest of drawers on her
761:
Although Carlos Lopez pleaded guilty to this charge of attempted second-degree assault, claiming he had not actually assaulted Elisa, but had opted to do so to spare his children the emotional trauma of having to testify against him, Judge
Schlesinger rejected this claim outright, adding that the
580:
A representative from the federally funded parenting program which had endorsed Awilda's initial motion to achieve sole custody of her daughter also reported that Awilda had herself phoned him, complaining that her daughter was unable to control her bladder or bowels, had cut off her hair and was
509:
The increasing concerns of staff at Public School 126 regarding evident abuse were also reported to the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities. Reportedly, the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities soon replied to the school that their concerns were "not reportable" due to a lack of direct evidence of
389:
Both Gustavo Izquierdo and Elisa's teachers did inform authorities of the abuse Elisa was enduring at the hands of her mother and stepfather. These revelations were also disclosed by Elisa herself to a social worker and her father did apply in 1992 to have Awilda Lopez's visitation rights ceased;
1058:
Prior to these hearings, the director of Elisa's Montessori preschool, Phyllis Bryce, personally wrote a letter to Judge Greenbaum endorsing Elsa Canizares's application to be awarded custody of Elisa, citing the evident emotional and physical abuse the child had repeatedly endured while in the
367:
In November 1991, Awilda Lopez secured the right to obtain unsupervised visitation rights to Elisa: this ruling awarded her custody of the child every second weekend. Reportedly, Awilda's two oldest children informed relatives that throughout these unsupervised visits, Elisa would be beaten and
757:
On October 29, 1996, Elisa's stepfather, Carlos Lopez, was sentenced to serve between one-and-a-half and three years in prison, to run consecutive with the sentence he was serving at the time of Elisa's death. This sentence was in relation to one specific instance of physical abuse dating from
734:
of her daughter in a hearing held before Judge Alvin Schlesinger at the New York's State Supreme Court. Upon the advice of her attorney, Daniel Ollen, she pleaded guilty to this deal offered by the prosecution team with the knowledge she would become eligible for parole after serving 15 years'
440:
challenged the ruling and herself applied for custody of Elisa; citing the documented abuse Elisa had previously endured during the unsupervised weekend visits with her mother, and the manner in which Awilda is known to have spoken to the child. Both the head teacher of the school Elisa still
1068:
Carlos Lopez would claim to hospital staff this injury had been caused as a result of Elisa jumping off of a bunk bed. When Elisa responded to questions by hospital staff regarding several cuts upon her lips, the child reportedly replied: "Last night I ate a lot of sugar, and the roaches bit
689:
Elisa Izquierdo's funeral was held on November 29, 1995. The service was officiated by the Reverend Gianni Agostinelli, who informed the estimated 300 mourners in attendance that Elisa had been murdered not only by her own mother, but by the "silence of many, by the neglect of child-welfare
1087:
Following Elisa's murder, a neighbor of Awilda Lopez named Tony Ng would justify the collective failure of all her neighbors who had heard the ongoing sounds of Elisa's evident abuse and her pleading to her mother for the mistreatment to cease by simply stating: "We thought it her way of
42:
1153:
of Elisa was that had this case gone to trial, two of Elisa's siblings (aged eight and nine) would likely have had to deliver testimony against their mother, and the prosecution wished to spare these children any additional distress this experience would likely have caused
408:
Upon hearing news of Gustavo's death, the director of Elisa's school, Phyllis Bryce, contacted a family court judge to express the grave concerns of both herself and numerous members of the school's staff as to the child's safety should her mother gain custody of her.
205:, a major restructuring of the city's child welfare system; increasing accountability of all parties involved in child welfare and reducing areas of confidentiality relating to public disclosure in cases of this nature. Elisa's Law was implemented in February 1996.
339:
until 12th grade; she in turn responded to this gesture with a handwritten note expressing her gratitude. Occasionally thereafter, Prince Michael of Greece would send Elisa small gifts, to which she would express her thanks by responding with drawings or notes.
712:
given to Elisa by her father which she is known to have cherished was placed alongside her body. Many mourners placed additional flowers, toys, stuffed animals and notes of sympathy in and upon her coffin prior to her casket being closed and her burial at
1119:
When Awilda was unable to dissuade this neighbor from notifying authorities of her daughter's murder, she ran to the roof of her apartment building, threatening to jump to her death. Police would successfully deter her from jumping from the
417:
Upon hearing news of Gustavo's death, Awilda applied for full, permanent custody of Elisa. She was initially granted temporary custody of the child. Upon hearing the initial awarding of Elisa's temporary custody to Awilda Lopez, Elsa
581:
apparently drinking from the toilet. In response to this phone call from Awilda, this representative did call a representative from the Manhattan Child Welfare Authorities, who rebuffed his requests to visit the Lopez residence.
364:, and had married a maintenance worker named Carlos Lopez, with whom she was now expecting her fourth child. In December 1990, having given birth to a daughter named Taisha, she regained custody of her two oldest children.
405:). Gustavo Izquierdo died on May 26; the same date he had planned to travel to Cuba with Elisa. Shortly thereafter, when Elisa asked her mother where her father was, Awilda simply screamed the words, "Your father's dead!"
335:, in 1993. Reportedly, upon his arrival at the school, Elisa leaped into Prince Michael's arms, and stayed by his side for the rest of the day. He in turn offered to pay for Elisa's private tuition at the independent
1049:, Gustavo Izquierdo had earnestly requested that, should he die or be incapable of caring for his daughter, Elisa should be placed in the custody of her aunt or a biological relative of his, and not Awilda Lopez.
488:, uncommunicative, and to urinate frequently. The principal of this school also noted that Elisa bore numerous bruises, walked with apparent difficulty, and had evidently begun tearing out sections of her hair.
1500:
479:
Upon being awarded full custody of her daughter, Awilda withdrew Elisa from the private school she had been attending, and enrolled her in Manhattan's Public School 126, where Elisa was quickly observed to be
630:
On November 15, Carlos Lopez was jailed in relation to a violation of parole. Seven days later, on the evening of November 22, Awilda phoned one of her sisters, Mercy Torres, to report that Elisa was "like
616:
Other indignities and abuse inflicted by Awilda upon her daughter (some of which were witnessed by Elisa's siblings) included repeated punching and kicking, forcing the child to eat her own feces or drink
852:
Elisa's Law is designed to balance the need for increased accountability through public awareness and government oversight with the privacy interests of individuals involved in child protective services
827:
In response to the death of Elisa Izquierdo, the then-Mayor of New York City, Rudolph Giuliani, instigated an urgent review of the city's child welfare system. This review inspired the creation of the
1213:
2606:
1097:
Awilda is also known to have claimed to an acquaintance to have once slid snakes down Elisa's throat. It is unknown whether this particular incident occurred or was a mere fantasy on her part.
622:
ring finger and toe. Awilda's partner, Carlos Lopez (himself also a regular user of drugs) is also known to have repeatedly physically abused and neglected Elisa and her two older siblings.
318:
attending parenting classes, seeking advice from relatives as to how to care for his daughter, organizing celebrations for her first birthdays, and renting a banquet hall to celebrate her
964:
828:
198:
303:. Concern by her own family as to her extensive usage of drugs resulted in Awilda losing custody of her two eldest children, Rubencino and Kasey, to her own family in January 1989.
397:. He is known to have purchased airline tickets for himself and his daughter, with the travel date being May 26, 1994. However, in May, Gustavo was admitted to hospital with acute
3161:
3266:
819:
would state to the media: "The judge ultimately makes the decision, based on all the facts and records, and is supposed to go behind those things make determinations."
701:
was held. Those present at Elisa's wake and funeral included relatives, neighbors, politicians, Prince Michael of Greece, and members of the public touched by the case.
779:
Following Elisa's death and subsequent public funeral, her life story became the subject of numerous local and national media articles, from local tabloids such as the
3226:
3206:
2865:
868:
Elisa's Law continues to hold the child welfare agency of New York City and the Administration for Children's Services (ACS) publicly accountable for its performance.
2438:
3236:
1533:
201:) had missed numerous opportunities to intervene in her case and ultimately save her life. These failures to protect Elisa subsequently became the inspiration for
2523:
2464:
2248:
2040:
1078:
The abuse endured by Elisa' siblings after Awilda obtained custody of her daughter included beatings with leather straps and placing their hands upon hot stoves.
3256:
3126:
1176:
rose by 25 percent, although simultaneous budget cuts had reduced the number of caseworkers required to efficiently oversee this increasing number of cases.
466:, reflecting on a personal letter he wrote to Judge Phoebe Greenbaum endorsing Elsa Canizares's application to be awarded custody of Elisa Izquierdo in 1994
1163:
Lopez is also believed to have repeatedly thrown Elisa into the ocean while on a trip to Brooklyn, but was never prosecuted for these instances of cruelty.
121:
3241:
3221:
3191:
3090:
2944:
1217:
448:, Elsa Canizares attended court hearings without any legal representation, whereas backing Awilda Lopez's application for custody were a lawyer from the
2614:
1149:
informed the media that one of the reasons the prosecution team had chosen to offer Lopez the opportunity to plead guilty to the reduced charge of the
390:
however, the courts ruled that the visitation rights could continue, albeit with the conditions Awilda must not strike or otherwise harm her daughter.
3276:
3201:
246:
2665:
3216:
1434:
189:
Described by authorities as the "worst case of child abuse they had ever seen," Elisa's story made national headlines when it was discovered that
2834:
2221:
2001:
1916:
1318:
3110:
2199:
3251:
3196:
2102:
762:
prosecution team had largely chosen to charge Lopez with this charge to spare Elisa's siblings any further psychological or emotional trauma.
708:. Elisa wore a crown of white flowers on her head, a single red rose was placed in her hand, and her coffin was adorned with white flowers. A
3074:
3059:
3045:
3027:
3012:
2994:
2979:
2961:
2928:
2808:
2727:
1289:
904:
463:
332:
213:
745:
Awilda Lopez initially became eligible for parole in 2010; she was denied parole in January 2022, but released from the medium security
2381:
1654:
1859:
1801:
1106:
At Awilda Lopez's subsequent trial, she would confess to having thrown Elisa into a cement surface on November 20 before leaving her "
254:
1755:
3211:
1353:
704:
Elisa's casket remained open throughout the ceremony. The extensive damage inflicted to her face and neck was heavily concealed via
587:
3246:
3186:
2070:
2972:
Journey Into Darkness: The FBI's Premier Investigator Penetrates the Minds and Motives of the Most Terrifying Serial Killers
897:
Journey Into Darkness: The FBI's Premier Investigator Penetrates the Minds and Motives of the Most Terrifying Serial Killers
880:
due to the acts of extreme physical, mental, and sexual abuse they had been forced to witness inflicted upon their sister.
3271:
3134:
2356:
758:
October 31, 1995, in which he had repeatedly banged Elisa's head against a concrete wall in the presence of her siblings.
746:
3231:
2552:
3176:
1711:
253:
who had emigrated to the United States with aspirations to become a dance teacher; whereas her mother, Awilda, was of
573:
her siblings endured, but failed to notify authorities. Some neighbors noted that Awilda would refer to Elisa as a "
987:
471:
Awilda Lopez's application to obtain permanent custody of Elisa was approved by Judge Greenbaum in September 1994.
1251:
664:
2489:
1391:
1110:
and drooling" on a bed for two days before attempting to find or provide any form of assistance for her daughter.
322:
at age four. As one family friend would later relate, " was his life. He would always say she was his princess."
1574:
532:
withdrew Elisa from Public School 126 in December 1994. She made no effort to enroll Elisa in any other school.
3261:
1679:
676:
2412:
2173:
803:. Much of the media coverage devoted to this case was openly scathing of New York's child welfare agencies.
376:
a closet, adding that she had no desire to see her mother again. Her father also noted that Elisa had begun
336:
2139:
717:. Elisa's gravestone bears a plaque, with the inscription reading: "World please watch over the children."
931:
813:
714:
352:
stating that Awilda had successfully beaten her addiction, had secured permanent accommodation within the
114:
1829:
1172:
According to statistics, between 1988 and 1993, the number of reported cases of child abuse cases within
258:
159:
1632:
1464:
2842:
1885:
1326:
3181:
2225:
2005:
1895:
1534:"A Mother's Tale: Drugs, Despair and Violence: A Life Mired in Urban Ills Ends in a Daughter's Death"
1501:"A Mother's Tale: Drugs, Despair and Violence: A Life Mired in Urban Ills Ends in a Daughter's Death"
1150:
1013:
877:
876:
Elisa Izquierdo's five siblings were raised in separate foster homes. Reportedly, all suffered acute
731:
485:
2891:
924:
conducted an interview with Awilda Lopez prior to her June 1996 sentencing as part of her eponymous
3105:
2699:
1978:
1442:
969:
781:
705:
644:
636:
600:
398:
175:
3131:
detailing the abuse Elisa suffered prior to her death, and the missed opportunities to protect her
2300:
536:
opportunity to socialize with her siblings or to leave the apartment and was denied access to the
277:. The two began a temporary relationship, although reportedly, this ended when Gustavo discovered
3156:
3084:
2938:
1319:"Open Justice: Little Girl's Murder Brought New York's Juvenile Court Proceedings into the Light"
954:
797:
under the title "A Shameful Death". Elisa's story was also featured on an August 1996 episode of
632:
377:
41:
2694:
372:
by her mother and stepfather. These relatives did not inform authorities of these revelations.
3070:
3055:
3041:
3023:
3008:
2990:
2975:
2957:
2924:
1146:
1143:
900:
787:
739:
493:
481:
449:
445:
1973:
170:
inflicted by her mother, Awilda Lopez, at the peak of a prolonged and escalating campaign of
2497:
2389:
1001:
845:
194:
167:
100:
2580:
849:
efforts to prevent the child being with or remaining in the awarded custody of her mother.
458:"There was a solution. There were people ready to take this child ... to love this child."
1890:
1763:
1107:
698:
604:
357:
250:
179:
2754:
1361:
212:
because she had at first been under the protection of a loving father and had befriended
3118:
2779:
2041:"Seven Warnings: A Special Report; She Suffered in Plain Sight but Alarms Were Ignored"
974:
738:
The following month, Judge Schlesinger sentenced Awilda Lopez to a term of 15 years to
596:
353:
171:
163:
3170:
1944:
1173:
1130:
921:
816:
793:
369:
300:
190:
1599:
643:
was protruding through the skin), a broken toe, damage to internal organs, and deep
3149:
979:
799:
608:
183:
3123:
pertaining to the abuse and murder of Elisa Izquierdo, and subsequent legislation
2524:"Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a Pivotal Child Abuse Case"
2465:"Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a Pivotal Child-Abuse Case"
2329:
2249:"Mother of Elisa Izquierdo Pleads Guilty to Murder in a Pivotal Child Abuse Case"
791:
to her story being given front-page coverage of the December 11, 1995 edition of
1046:
1020:
949:
709:
548:
402:
104:
3145:
577:" and a "filthy little whore" who had been placed under a spell by her father.
17:
1186:
answer any probing questions regarding their collective role in Elisa's death.
1025:
274:
209:
3115:
pertaining to New York City's history of failure to prevent fatal child abuse
393:
In 1993, Gustavo Izquierdo formed plans to relocate with Elisa to his native
136:
123:
574:
361:
349:
307:
prior parenting experience was, by all accounts, a doting, caring father to
88:
3052:
The Future of Child Protection: How to Break the Cycle of Abuse and Neglect
2987:
Deliver Us From Evil: Boston University Studies in Philosophy and Religion
2637:"Department of Corrections and Community Supervision: Incarcerated Lookup"
959:
691:
348:
The same year Elisa was enrolled in preschool, a social worker signed an
69:
926:
618:
319:
2636:
1088:
disciplining her kids. That's not unusual, in this building at least."
2103:"Three Years After a Girl's Murder, Five Siblings Lack Stable Homes"
841:
an agency solely devoted to the issue of child welfare in New York.
2892:"Plenty of Blame in Child's Death: Child-Welfare Agency Under Fire"
2666:"Stepfather is Sentenced to Prison in Abuse of Girl Who Later Died"
934:, this interview was incorporated into a 45-minute episode, titled
3162:
missed opportunities to remove her from the custody of her mother
2607:"After Two Decades, Residents Hope to Memorialize Murdered Child"
2271:
2269:
1734:
1732:
1214:"After Two Decades, Residents Hope to Memorialize Murdered Child"
1045:
Both prior to and after his diagnosis as suffering from terminal
1783:
1781:
1129:
In an April 1996 interview granted to television talk show host
394:
237:
before being placed into the permanent custody of her mother.
648:
injuries had been sustained over a prolonged period of time.
590:... this is the worst case of child abuse I have ever seen."
521:
by this time known to have reverted to regular crack cocaine
2490:"Mother of 6-Year-Old Girl Pleads Guilty to Child's Murder"
1917:"Little Girl Was a Cinderella Even a Prince Could Not Save"
1392:"Little Girl Was a Cinderella Even a Prince Could Not Save"
677:
Elisa's casket prior to interment at Cypress Hills Cemetery
158:(February 11, 1989 â November 22, 1995) was a six-year-old
3067:
The Emotional Politics of Social Work and Child Protection
226:
who had offered to pay for her private tuition until 12th
1059:
custody of her mother as her reasoning for this decision.
331:
principal introduced her to one of the school's patrons,
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
812:
her custodial decision. In response to this claim, then-
3018:
Meyer, Cheryl; Oberman, Michelle; White, Kelly (2011).
965:
List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention
936:
Little Lost Girl: The Life and Death of Elisa Izquierdo
2330:"Elisa's Mom in Suicide Try: Rikers Guard Thwarts Her"
985:
730:
On June 25, 1996, Awilda Lopez pleaded guilty to the
595:
Lieutenant Luis Gonzalez, recollecting the extensive
2839:
New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services
1860:"Girl's Cousin Is Haunted By Failure to Get Custody"
1802:"Girl's Cousin Is Haunted By Failure to Get Custody"
694:
mediocrity that has intoxicated our neighborhoods".
2585:
Department of Corrections and Community Supervision
2439:"State Keeps Death Files of Abused Children Secret"
2039:Bernstein, Nina; Bruni, Frank (December 24, 1995).
653:
110:
96:
77:
51:
32:
3160:article detailing Elisa Izquierdo's death and the
1575:"Mourning an Iinnocent Child's Terrible Existence"
245:Elisa Izquierdo was born on February 11, 1989, in
2413:"Child Abuse Victim Again Galvanizes New Yorkers"
2160:
2071:"Caseworkers Pressured to Close Children's Files"
2026:
506:the injury having been untreated for three days.
2780:"New Mike Aide Faces Daunting Task & Doubts"
635:on the bed", with fluid (later determined to be
2921:Child Abuse: Guide to Investigating Child Abuse
2835:"Laws of New York, 1996 Chapter 12 Elisa's Law"
2275:
1738:
1557:
1477:
584:
456:
249:Brooklyn, New York. Her father, Gustavo, was a
2202:. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. January 26, 1996
2985:Eckel, David M.; Herling, Bradley L. (2011).
2809:"State Keeps Files of Abused Children Secret"
2728:"State Keeps Files of Abused Children Secret"
2382:"Little Girl had Many Chances but Still Died"
8:
2989:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
1919:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. November 30, 1995
1787:
1290:"Elisa's Death: A Year Later, Hints of Hope"
3038:Shattered Bonds: The Color Of Child Welfare
2065:
2063:
2061:
2002:"Girl's Case Shows Problems of Child Abuse"
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
208:Elisa has been referred to as a modern-day
2575:
2573:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
930:daytime talk show series. Commissioned by
40:
29:
3267:November 1995 crimes in the United States
2546:
2544:
2517:
2515:
2357:"With Anger and Shame, a Child Is Buried"
2096:
2094:
2092:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1749:
1747:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
2866:"Law To Ease Disclosures on Child Abuse"
2864:Hernandez, Raymond (February 13, 1996).
2803:
2801:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2688:
2686:
2659:
2657:
2641:New York State Department of Corrections
2437:Craven McGinty, Jo (February 28, 2012).
2324:
2322:
2142:. The Orlando Sentinel. December 8, 1995
2126:
1853:
1851:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
3227:Child sexual abuse in the United States
3207:American people of Puerto Rican descent
2287:
1824:
1822:
1568:
1566:
1312:
1310:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1038:
992:
665:Elisa's grave at Cypress Hills Cemetery
3237:Deaths by beating in the United States
3089:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
3082:
2970:Douglas, John; Olshaker, Mark (1997).
2954:Character and Cops: Ethics in Policing
2943:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
2936:
2693:Shapiro, Michael (November 24, 1999).
2355:Alvarez, Lizette (November 30, 1995).
1967:
1965:
1710:Alvarez, Lizette (November 28, 1995).
1532:Alvarez, Lizette (November 27, 1995).
1499:Alvarez, Lizette (November 27, 1995).
1275:
895:Douglas, John; Olshaker, Mark (1997).
829:Administration for Children's Services
650:
199:Administration for Children's Services
2553:"Woman Sentenced in Daughter's Death"
2200:"Tortured Girl's Stepfather Indicted"
1972:Lorca, Federico (December 11, 1995).
1655:"Spiral of Child's Abuse Shakes N.Y."
1348:
1346:
1344:
1317:Stack, Barbara (September 24, 2001).
7:
3139:pertaining to the implementation of
1712:"How a Little Girl Charmed a Prince"
1288:Purnick, Joyce (November 21, 1996).
586:"In my 22 years of service with the
3257:Incidents of violence against girls
2664:Sullivan, John (October 30, 1996).
1754:Hampson, Rick (November 29, 1995).
1390:Hampson, Rick (November 30, 1995).
2890:Robin, Joshua (November 9, 2001).
2753:Bowles, Peter (November 9, 2001).
2551:LeDuff, Charlie (August 1, 1996).
2222:"Mom Pleads Guilty in Abuse Death"
1943:Peyser, Mara (December 10, 1995).
1884:Van Biema, David (June 24, 2001).
1858:Bruni, Frank (November 27, 1995).
1800:Bruni, Frank (November 27, 1995).
1433:Van Biema, David (June 24, 2001).
1250:Peyser, Mark (December 10, 1995).
611:suffered by Elisa Izquierdo (1995)
444:Lacking sufficient funding to pay
344:Partial custodial rights of mother
25:
3242:Deaths by person in New York City
3222:Child murder in the United States
3192:1995 murders in the United States
2755:"Despite Changes, Horrors Endure"
2411:Getlin, Josh (January 18, 2006).
2101:Swarns, Rachel (August 4, 1998).
413:Full custodial awarding to mother
186:conducted between 1994 and 1995.
3277:People murdered in New York City
3202:American people of Cuban descent
3007:. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
2392:. November 30, 1995. p. C10
2247:Sexton, Joseph (June 25, 1996).
2140:"Horrible Life - Innocent Child"
1019:
1007:
995:
938:and was broadcast in April 1996.
671:
659:
3020:Mothers who Kill Their Children
2913:Cited works and further reading
2703:. New York City: New York Media
2161:Meyer, Oberman & White 2001
2027:Meyer, Oberman & White 2001
1982:. New York City: New York Media
1974:"The Front Page: The Dead Girl"
1573:Beck, Joan (December 8, 1995).
1467:. Time Magazine. June 24, 2001.
899:. New York City: Pocket Books.
844:On February 12, 1996, Governor
588:New York City Police Department
3217:Child abuse resulting in death
1756:"Little Girl Had Many Chances"
1:
3252:Filicides in New York (state)
3197:1990s crimes in New York City
3022:. New York University Press.
2522:Sexton, Joe (June 25, 1996).
2463:Sexton, Joe (June 25, 1996).
747:Taconic Correctional Facility
273:in part due to her extensive
257:descent. The couple met at a
3054:. Harvard University Press.
2923:. Diane Publishing Company.
2276:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1945:"The Death of Little Elisa"
1739:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1600:"The Death of Little Elisa"
1558:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1478:Douglas & Olshaker 1997
1252:"The Death Of Little Elisa"
697:Prior to Elisa's burial, a
401:(subsequently diagnosed as
3293:
920:Television talk show host
429:the cousin of Gustavo and
288:at the time pregnant with
3136:Contemporary news article
3128:Contemporary news article
3036:Roberts, Dorothy (2009).
2174:"A Little Girl, Murdered"
1830:"What Happened to Elisa?"
1635:. time.com. June 24, 2001
1216:. DNAinfo. Archived from
670:
658:
399:respiratory complications
39:
3212:American torture victims
3050:Waldfogel, Jane (2001).
2952:Delattre, Edwin (2011).
1788:Eckel & Herling 2011
1142:Following this hearing,
464:Prince Michael of Greece
333:Prince Michael of Greece
262:couple's failure to pay
214:Prince Michael of Greece
3065:Warner, Joanne (2015).
2494:Waycross Journal-Herald
2178:The Washington Examiner
1886:"Abandoned to Her Fate"
1633:"Abandoned to her Fate"
1465:"Abandoned to Her Fate"
1435:"Abandoned to Her Fate"
1396:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1323:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
337:Brooklyn Friends School
2919:Bilchik, Shay (1997).
932:King World Productions
814:Mayor of New York City
807:Judge Phoebe Greenbaum
715:Cypress Hills Cemetery
592:
547:being forced to use a
460:
299:was a regular user of
115:Cypress Hills Cemetery
3247:Female murder victims
3187:1995 in New York City
3005:Criminology 1997/1998
2417:The Los Angeles Times
2224:. Bangor Daily News.
1680:"Child's Doomed Life"
1220:on September 20, 2018
823:Resulting legislation
690:institutions and the
486:emotionally disturbed
91:, New York City, U.S.
72:, New York City, U.S.
3272:People from Brooklyn
3120:Archival information
3003:Fisch, Mark (1996).
2695:"Death Be Not Proud"
2581:"Inmate Information"
2226:The Associated Press
2006:The Associated Press
1896:Meredith Corporation
1445:on February 21, 2017
1358:The City of New York
1151:second-degree murder
878:psychological trauma
732:second-degree murder
381:to enter bathrooms.
117:, Brooklyn, New York
3232:Crimes in Manhattan
2845:on February 3, 2014
2815:. February 29, 2012
2784:New York Daily News
2734:. February 29, 2012
2334:New York Daily News
2307:. November 25, 1995
2180:. December 18, 1995
2008:. November 30, 1995
1836:. November 29, 1995
1766:on February 2, 2019
1686:. November 26, 1995
1684:New York Daily News
1660:. November 30, 1995
1606:. December 10, 1995
1579:Beaver County Times
970:Psychological abuse
782:New York Daily News
749:on April 19, 2022.
706:funeral cosmetology
475:Escalation of abuse
166:girl who died of a
137:40.6956°N 73.8761°W
133: /
103:, multiple trauma,
97:Cause of death
3177:1990s in Manhattan
2870:The New York Times
2813:The New York Times
2786:. January 15, 2006
2732:The New York Times
2670:The New York Times
2557:The New York Times
2528:The New York Times
2469:The New York Times
2443:The New York Times
2361:The New York Times
2305:The New York Times
2253:The New York Times
2107:The New York Times
2077:. December 2, 1995
2075:The New York Times
1864:The New York Times
1834:The New York Times
1806:The New York Times
1716:The New York Times
1538:The New York Times
1505:The New York Times
1294:The New York Times
955:Child sexual abuse
494:fractured shoulder
3076:978-1-447-31843-9
3060:978-0-674-00723-9
3046:978-0-786-73064-3
3029:978-0-814-75643-0
3013:978-0-697-35421-1
2996:978-1-441-11641-3
2980:978-1-439-19981-7
2963:978-0-844-77226-4
2930:978-0-788-17633-3
2617:on March 24, 2014
2605:Solomon, Serena.
2386:Observer-Reporter
2301:"Don't Look Away"
1894:. New York City:
1329:on April 19, 2014
1147:Robert Morgenthau
1144:District Attorney
906:978-1-439-19981-7
788:The New York Post
740:life imprisonment
682:
681:
562:to a much lesser
450:Legal Aid Society
247:Woodhull Hospital
153:
152:
142:40.6956; -73.8761
81:November 22, 1995
66:February 11, 1989
46:Izquierdo in 1995
16:(Redirected from
3284:
3094:
3088:
3080:
3069:. Policy Press.
3033:
3000:
2974:. Pocket Books.
2967:
2948:
2942:
2934:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2841:. Archived from
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2613:. Archived from
2611:DNAinfo New York
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2519:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2498:Associated Press
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2390:Associated Press
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:. Archived from
1760:Associated Press
1751:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1707:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1441:. Archived from
1430:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1364:on April 9, 2013
1360:. Archived from
1350:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1325:. Archived from
1314:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1210:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1024:
1023:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1000:
999:
998:
991:
910:
863:
862:
858:
840:
839:
835:
675:
674:
663:
662:
651:
612:
572:
571:
567:
561:
560:
556:
546:
545:
541:
531:
530:
526:
520:
519:
515:
505:
504:
500:
467:
439:
438:
434:
428:
427:
423:
317:
316:
312:
298:
297:
293:
287:
286:
282:
272:
271:
267:
236:
235:
231:
225:
224:
220:
197:system (now the
168:brain hemorrhage
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
138:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
101:Brain hemorrhage
84:
65:
63:
44:
30:
27:Child abuse case
21:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3262:Lower East Side
3167:
3166:
3146:Elisa Izquierdo
3101:
3081:
3077:
3064:
3040:. Basic Books.
3030:
3017:
2997:
2984:
2964:
2951:
2935:
2931:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2500:. June 25, 1996
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2228:. June 25, 1996
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1432:
1431:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1256:The Daily Beast
1249:
1248:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1018:
1008:
1006:
996:
994:
986:
984:
945:
917:
907:
894:
891:
886:
874:
860:
856:
854:
837:
833:
832:
825:
809:
773:
768:
755:
728:
723:
687:
672:
660:
654:External images
628:
614:
594:
569:
565:
563:
558:
554:
552:
543:
539:
537:
528:
524:
522:
517:
513:
511:
502:
498:
497:
477:
469:
462:
436:
432:
430:
425:
421:
419:
415:
387:
385:Death of father
358:Lower East Side
356:project in the
346:
328:
314:
310:
308:
295:
291:
289:
284:
280:
278:
269:
265:
263:
251:Cuban immigrant
243:
233:
229:
227:
222:
218:
217:
156:Elisa Izquierdo
141:
139:
135:
132:
127:
124:
122:
120:
119:
118:
92:
86:
82:
73:
67:
61:
59:
58:
57:
56:Elisa Izquierdo
47:
35:
34:Elisa Izquierdo
28:
23:
22:
18:Elisa Izquierdo
15:
12:
11:
5:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3157:New York Times
3154:November 1995
3152:
3143:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3100:
3099:External links
3097:
3096:
3095:
3075:
3062:
3048:
3034:
3028:
3015:
3001:
2995:
2982:
2968:
2962:
2949:
2929:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2882:
2856:
2826:
2797:
2771:
2745:
2714:
2682:
2653:
2628:
2597:
2569:
2540:
2511:
2481:
2455:
2429:
2403:
2373:
2347:
2318:
2292:
2280:
2278:, p. 193.
2265:
2239:
2213:
2191:
2165:
2153:
2131:
2129:, p. 298.
2119:
2088:
2057:
2045:New York Times
2031:
2029:, p. 125.
2019:
1993:
1961:
1930:
1908:
1876:
1847:
1818:
1792:
1777:
1743:
1741:, p. 192.
1728:
1697:
1671:
1646:
1617:
1591:
1562:
1560:, p. 191.
1550:
1517:
1482:
1480:, p. 189.
1470:
1456:
1408:
1375:
1340:
1306:
1280:
1278:, p. 153.
1268:
1231:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1165:
1156:
1135:
1122:
1112:
1099:
1090:
1080:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1016:
1004:
983:
982:
977:
975:Physical abuse
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
916:
913:
912:
911:
905:
890:
887:
885:
882:
873:
870:
824:
821:
808:
805:
772:
771:Public outrage
769:
767:
764:
754:
751:
735:imprisonment.
727:
724:
722:
719:
686:
683:
680:
679:
668:
667:
656:
655:
627:
624:
583:
476:
473:
455:
414:
411:
386:
383:
354:Rutgers Houses
345:
342:
327:
324:
242:
239:
164:Cuban-American
151:
150:
112:
108:
107:
98:
94:
93:
87:
79:
75:
74:
68:
55:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3289:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:. AEI Press.
2955:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2336:. May 1, 1996
2335:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:Delattre 2011
2123:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1439:Time Magazine
1436:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:"Elisa's Law"
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1174:New York City
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:Rolonda Watts
1126:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:New York City
1005:
1003:
993:
989:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
942:
937:
933:
929:
928:
923:
922:Rolonda Watts
919:
918:
914:
908:
902:
898:
893:
892:
888:
883:
881:
879:
871:
869:
866:
850:
847:
846:George Pataki
842:
830:
822:
820:
818:
817:Rudy Giuliani
815:
806:
804:
802:
801:
796:
795:
794:Time Magazine
790:
789:
784:
783:
777:
770:
765:
763:
759:
752:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
733:
725:
720:
718:
716:
711:
707:
702:
700:
695:
693:
684:
678:
669:
666:
657:
652:
649:
646:
640:
638:
634:
625:
623:
620:
613:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:
589:
582:
578:
576:
550:
533:
507:
495:
489:
487:
483:
474:
472:
468:
465:
459:
454:
451:
447:
442:
412:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
391:
384:
382:
379:
373:
371:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
341:
338:
334:
325:
323:
321:
304:
302:
301:crack cocaine
276:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:child welfare
192:
191:New York City
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:(approximate)
146:
116:
113:
111:Resting place
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
90:
85:(aged 6)
80:
76:
71:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
3155:
3150:Find a Grave
3140:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3066:
3051:
3037:
3019:
3004:
2986:
2971:
2953:
2920:
2899:. Retrieved
2895:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2838:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2812:
2788:. Retrieved
2783:
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2758:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2731:
2705:. Retrieved
2698:
2673:. Retrieved
2669:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2615:the original
2610:
2600:
2590:February 26,
2588:. Retrieved
2584:
2560:. Retrieved
2556:
2531:. Retrieved
2527:
2502:. Retrieved
2493:
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2468:
2458:
2448:February 25,
2446:. Retrieved
2442:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:
2406:
2396:February 25,
2394:. Retrieved
2385:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2360:
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2333:
2309:. Retrieved
2304:
2295:
2290:, p. 1.
2288:Bilchik 1997
2283:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2177:
2168:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2134:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2106:
2079:. Retrieved
2074:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:
2034:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2004:. The News.
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1977:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:
1921:. Retrieved
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1889:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1795:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:the original
1759:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:
1688:. Retrieved
1683:
1674:
1664:November 11,
1662:. Retrieved
1657:
1649:
1639:December 21,
1637:. Retrieved
1610:November 10,
1608:. Retrieved
1603:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
1473:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:the original
1438:
1399:. Retrieved
1395:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1357:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1322:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1181:
1168:
1159:
1138:
1125:
1115:
1102:
1093:
1083:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1041:
980:Sexual abuse
935:
925:
896:
875:
867:
851:
843:
826:
810:
800:Dateline NBC
798:
792:
786:
780:
778:
774:
760:
756:
753:Carlos Lopez
744:
737:
729:
726:Awilda Lopez
703:
696:
688:
641:
629:
615:
609:sexual abuse
593:
585:
579:
534:
508:
490:
478:
470:
461:
457:
443:
416:
407:
392:
388:
374:
366:
347:
329:
305:
255:Puerto Rican
244:
207:
202:
188:
184:sexual abuse
160:Puerto Rican
155:
154:
83:(1995-11-22)
3182:1995 deaths
3141:Elisa's Law
2901:December 6,
2875:January 14,
2819:January 26,
2790:December 6,
2764:December 6,
2738:January 25,
2707:December 6,
2675:January 15,
2533:January 12,
2184:December 6,
2146:February 1,
2081:January 30,
1986:November 9,
1954:January 27,
1901:January 17,
1840:January 14,
1770:February 2,
1721:January 29,
1690:January 17,
1510:January 27,
1276:Warner 2015
1224:January 16,
1108:unconscious
1047:lung cancer
950:Child abuse
710:Barbie doll
637:brain fluid
549:chamber pot
403:lung cancer
259:Fort Greene
203:Elisa's Law
140: /
105:child abuse
3171:Categories
3107:Daily News
2340:January 9,
2258:January 6,
2232:January 6,
2206:January 6,
2112:January 5,
2050:August 15,
2012:January 6,
1923:January 6,
1194:References
915:Television
889:Literature
721:Sentencing
619:ammoniated
446:legal fees
378:bedwetting
275:drug abuse
241:Early life
210:Cinderella
128:73°52â˛34âłW
125:40°41â˛44âłN
62:1989-02-11
3085:cite book
2939:cite book
2849:August 6,
2621:August 6,
2562:August 6,
1869:August 6,
1811:August 7,
1658:Star-News
1120:building.
1002:Biography
766:Aftermath
605:emotional
575:Mongoloid
482:withdrawn
420:Canizares
370:neglected
362:Manhattan
350:affidavit
326:Preschool
180:emotional
89:Manhattan
2700:New York
2646:April 6,
2422:July 10,
1979:New York
1949:Newsweek
1790:, Ch. 2.
1604:Newsweek
960:Filicide
943:See also
872:Siblings
633:retarded
597:physical
172:physical
70:Brooklyn
3112:article
2896:Newsday
2759:Newsday
2504:June 5,
2474:June 5,
2366:June 5,
2311:June 5,
1584:June 5,
1543:June 5,
1449:June 5,
1401:June 5,
1368:June 5,
1333:June 5,
1299:June 5,
1261:June 5,
988:Portals
927:Rolonda
861:
857:
838:
834:
685:Funeral
570:
566:
559:
555:
544:
540:
529:
525:
518:
514:
503:
499:
437:
433:
426:
422:
320:baptism
315:
311:
296:
292:
285:
281:
270:
266:
234:
230:
223:
219:
3073:
3058:
3044:
3026:
3011:
2993:
2978:
2960:
2927:
903:
626:Murder
607:, and
601:mental
564:degree
538:toilet
512:Awilda
279:Awilda
182:, and
176:mental
3104:2016
1154:them.
1033:Notes
884:Media
855:cases
692:moral
645:welts
431:Elisa
309:Elisa
290:Elisa
228:grade
3091:link
3071:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3042:ISBN
3024:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2976:ISBN
2958:ISBN
2945:link
2925:ISBN
2903:2022
2877:2019
2851:2014
2821:2019
2792:2022
2766:2022
2740:2019
2709:2022
2677:2019
2648:2022
2623:2014
2592:2015
2564:2014
2535:2019
2506:2013
2476:2013
2450:2015
2424:2021
2398:2015
2368:2013
2342:2019
2313:2013
2260:2019
2234:2019
2208:2019
2186:2022
2148:2019
2114:2019
2083:2019
2052:2021
2014:2019
1988:2017
1956:2019
1925:2019
1903:2017
1891:Time
1871:2014
1842:2019
1813:2021
1772:2019
1723:2019
1692:2017
1666:2017
1641:2016
1612:2017
1586:2013
1545:2013
1512:2019
1451:2013
1403:2013
1370:2013
1335:2013
1301:2013
1263:2013
1226:2019
1069:me."
901:ISBN
785:and
699:wake
395:Cuba
264:rent
78:Died
52:Born
3148:at
1026:Law
553:and
523:use
360:of
193:'s
3173::
3087:}}
3083:{{
2941:}}
2937:{{
2894:.
2868:.
2837:.
2811:.
2800:^
2782:.
2757:.
2730:.
2717:^
2697:.
2685:^
2668:.
2656:^
2639:.
2609:.
2583:.
2572:^
2555:.
2543:^
2526:.
2514:^
2496:.
2492:.
2467:.
2441:.
2415:.
2388:.
2384:.
2359:.
2332:.
2321:^
2303:.
2268:^
2251:.
2176:.
2105:.
2091:^
2073:.
2060:^
2043:.
1976:.
1964:^
1947:.
1933:^
1888:.
1862:.
1850:^
1832:.
1821:^
1804:.
1780:^
1758:.
1746:^
1731:^
1714:.
1700:^
1682:.
1620:^
1602:.
1577:.
1565:^
1536:.
1520:^
1503:.
1485:^
1437:.
1411:^
1394:.
1378:^
1356:.
1343:^
1321:.
1309:^
1292:.
1254:.
1234:^
1201:^
603:,
599:,
492:a
484:,
178:,
174:,
3093:)
3079:.
3032:.
2999:.
2966:.
2947:)
2933:.
2905:.
2879:.
2853:.
2823:.
2794:.
2768:.
2742:.
2711:.
2679:.
2650:.
2625:.
2594:.
2566:.
2537:.
2508:.
2478:.
2452:.
2426:.
2400:.
2370:.
2344:.
2315:.
2262:.
2236:.
2210:.
2188:.
2163:.
2150:.
2116:.
2085:.
2054:.
2016:.
1990:.
1958:.
1927:.
1905:.
1873:.
1844:.
1815:.
1774:.
1725:.
1694:.
1668:.
1643:.
1614:.
1588:.
1547:.
1514:.
1453:.
1405:.
1372:.
1337:.
1303:.
1265:.
1228:.
990::
909:.
859:â
836:â
831:â
568:â
557:â
542:â
527:â
516:â
501:â
496:â
435:â
424:â
313:â
294:â
283:â
268:â
232:â
221:â
216:â
162:â
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
