389:, especially for the wealthy, and a steady erosion of the welfare safety net. Starting with legislation in the 1980s, the wealthy banking community successfully lobbied for reduced regulation. The wide range of financial and social capital accessible to the power elite gives their members heavy influence in economic and political decision making, allowing them to move toward attaining desired outcomes. Sociologist Christopher Doob gives a hypothetical alternative, stating that these elite individuals would consider themselves the overseers of the national economy. Also appreciating that it is not only a moral, but a practical necessity to focus beyond their group interests. Doing so would hopefully alleviate various destructive conditions affecting large numbers of less affluent citizens.
90:
271:, and government elites who control the principal institutions in the United States and whose opinions and actions influence the decisions of the policymakers. The basis for membership of a power elite is institutional power, namely an influential position within a prominent private or public organization. A study of the French corporate elite has shown that social class continues to hold sway in determining who joins this elite group, with those from the upper-middle class tending to dominate. Another study (published in 2002) of power elites in the United States during the administration of President
417:
cites a kind of "double movement" where on one hand, "valuable segments of territories and people" become "linked in the global networks of value making and wealth appropriation", while, on the other, "everything and everyone" that is not valued by established networks gets "switched off...and ultimately discarded". These evolutions have also led many social scientists to explore empirically the possible emergence of a new transnational and cohesive social class at the top of the social ladder: a global elite But, the wide-ranging effects of
32:
2659:
433:
227:, a social formation based on heritage and social ties, the power elite is characterized by the organizational structures through which its wealth is acquired. According to Mills, the power elite rose from "the managerial reorganization of the propertied classes into the more or less unified stratum of the corporate rich". In
219:
According to Mills, the governing elite in the United States primarily draws its members from political leaders, including the president, and a handful of key cabinet members, as well as close advisers, major corporate owners and directors, and high-ranking military officers. These groups overlap and
397:
Mills determined that there is an "inner core" of the power elite involving individuals that are able to move from one seat of institutional power to another. They, therefore, have a wide range of knowledge and interests in many influential organizations, and are, as Mills describes, "professional
154:
states that members of the elite accept their fellows' position of importance in society. "As a rule, 'they accept one another, understand one another, marry one another, tend to work, and to think, if not together at least alike'." It is a well-regulated existence where education plays a critical
416:
that contemporary globalization does not mean that "everything in the global economy is global". So, a global economy becomes characterized by fundamental social inequalities with respect to the "level of integration, competitive potential and share of the benefits from economic growth". Castells
235:
editions, he further clarified the differences in the two terms: "The upper class as a whole does not do the ruling. Instead, class rule is manifested through the activities of a wide variety of organizations and institutions...Leaders within the upper class join with high-level employees in the
210:
Military Circle: In Mills' time a heightened concern about warfare existed, making top military leaders and such issues as defense funding and personnel recruitment very important. Most prominent corporate leaders and politicians were strong proponents of military
214:
Corporate elite: According to Mills, in the 1950s when the military emphasis was pronounced, it was corporate leaders working with prominent military officers who dominated the development of policies. These two groups tended to be mutually
332:
Nearly all the leaders have a college education, with almost half graduating with advanced degrees. About 54% of the big-business leaders, and 42% of the government elite graduated from just 12 prestigious
275:(in office 2001-2009) identified 7,314 institutional positions of power encompassing 5,778 individuals. A later study of U.S. society noted demographic characteristics of this elite group as follows:
267:
is a term used by Mills to describe a relatively small, loosely connected group of individuals who dominate
American policymaking. This group includes bureaucratic, corporate, intellectual, military,
1200:, economic equality narrowed, except among Black Americans... But by the nineteen-eighties the Great Compression was over. As the rich grew richer than ever, they sought to turn their money into
255:: "present-day state power is nothing but an entrepreneurs' company of tremendous power, headed even by the same persons that occupy the leading positions in the banking and syndicate offices".
296:
Men contribute roughly 80% in the political realm, whereas women contribute roughly only 20% in the political realm. In the economic denomination, as of
October 2017, only 32 (6.4%) of the
316:
represent about 80% of the top business leaders, about 54% of the members of
Congress of any ethnicity are also Protestant. As of October 2017, only 4 (0.8%) of the Fortune 500 CEOs are
1204:; spending on politics soared." (p. 22.) "o democracy can function well if people are unwilling to lose power â if a generation of leaders... becomes so entrenched that it ages into
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1208:; if one of two major parties denies the arithmetic of elections; if a cohort of the ruling class loses status that it once enjoyed and sets out to salvage it." (p. 23.)
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ultimately affect everyone on the planet, as economies around the world come to depend on the functioning of global financial markets, technologies, trade and labor.
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power elite. (n.d.). The
American HeritageÂź New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Retrieved January 18, 2015, from Dictionary.com website:
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187:. These memberships in turn pave the way to the prominent social clubs located in major cities and serve as sites for important business contacts.
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207:, corporate leaders had become more prominent in the political process, with a decline in central decision-making for professional politicians.
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Jenkins, J. Craig; Eckert, Craig M. (2000). "The Right Turn in
Economic Policy: Business Elites and the New Conservative Economics".
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privilege to obtain their background and contacts, allowing them to enter three branches of the power elite, which are:
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Youthful upper-class members attend prominent preparatory schools, which open doors to elite universities, known as the
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and the globalizing of economic and military power bind leaders of the power elite into complex relationships with
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Political and
Functional Elites in Post-Socialist Transformation: Central and East Europe since 1989/90
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2020:
1825:
1800:
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232:
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147:, the "elite" are "the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society."
130:
1172:, 29 January 2024, pp. 18â23. "In the nineteen-twenties... American elites, some of whom feared a
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1196:.'... Between the nineteen-thirties and the nineteen-seventies, a period that scholars call the
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353:. About a third belong to a small number of especially prestigious clubs in major cities like
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349:
Most holders of top positions in the power elite possess exclusive membership to one or more
288:, law, education, and civic organizations aged around 62; government employees aged about 56.
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1166:, "Ruling-Class Rules: How to thrive in the power elite â while declaring it your enemy",
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512:
407:
172:
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114:
701:
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elites tend to circulate from one sector to another, consolidating power in the process.
653:
320:. In similarly low proportions, as of October 2017, 10 (2%) of the Fortune 500 CEOs are
4525:
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183:(among others), and the universities' respective highly exclusive clubs, such as the
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477:
403:
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go-betweens of economic, political, and military affairs". Relentless expansion of
334:
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1329:
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1229:
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1991:
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2011:
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organizations they control to make up what will be called the power elite".
129:, to select or to sort out) are a small group of powerful people who hold a
106:
1214:, Heinrich Best, Verona Christmas-Best & Ursula Hoffmann-Lange (Eds.):
899:
4493:
4072:
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3321:
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3040:
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2016:
2001:
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2006:
1956:
1948:
1938:
1842:
1830:
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1579:
1061:
819:"Pathways to Power: Class, Hyper-Agency and the French Corporate Elite"
497:
482:
362:
240:
196:
1312:
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3080:
2868:
2843:
2833:
2803:
2788:
2235:
2048:
1981:
1921:
1916:
1723:
671:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. p. 39.
608:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. p. 38.
366:
354:
1096:
3309:
2798:
1971:
1522:
462:
88:
3304:
2728:
2053:
1595:
1331:
Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making
1153:"Theoretical and methodological pathways for research on elites"
942:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. p. 42.
2677:
2297:
1654:
1394:
1390:
2873:
2768:
817:
Maclean, Mairi; Harvey, Charles; Kling, Gerhard (2014-06-01).
386:
25:
743:
Powell, Jason L. (2007) "power elite" in George Ritzer (ed.)
41:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1252:
The power elite and the state: how policy is made in
America
203:
Political leadership: Mills contended that since the end of
195:
According to Mills, men receive the education necessary for
1120:
Heinrich Best, Ronald
Gebauer & Axel Salheiser (Eds.):
940:
Social
Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society
669:
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
606:
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
574:
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
870:
Who's Running America? The Bush Restoration, 7th edition
406:
that generate global-scale class divisions. Sociologist
50:
1023:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. p. 108.
995:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. p. 101.
93:
Political cartoon from October 1884, showing wealthy
806:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/power%20elite
97:
feasting at a table while a poor family begs beneath
4401:
4170:
3818:
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3431:
3350:
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3119:
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2711:
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2454:
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2347:
2310:
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2110:
2029:
1947:
1907:
1816:
1809:
1764:
1667:
1513:
1467:
693:
645:
16:Group or class of persons enjoying superior status
1180:... the U.S. raised taxes, took steps to protect
1014:
1012:
543:"ELITE | definition of the cambridge dictionary"
1217:Elite Foundations of Social Theory and Politics
715:Powell, Jason L.; Chamberlain, John M. (2007).
1133:Cousin, Bruno & SĂ©bastien Chauvin (2021).
894:
892:
890:
719:. In Ritzer, George; Ryan, J. Michael (eds.).
700:. New York, Oxford University Press. pp.
652:. New York, Oxford University Press. pp.
599:
597:
595:
593:
2689:
1406:
952:
39:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3195:
2090:
1352:The Sociology of Elites: The study of elites
747:, Blackwell Publishing, 2007, pp. 3602-3603
3131:
3259:
2696:
2682:
2674:
2316:
2307:
2294:
1813:
1664:
1651:
1464:
1413:
1399:
1391:
1094:Ansell, Ben W.; Samuels, David J. (2015).
1044:Cousin, Bruno; Chauvin, SĂ©bastien (2021).
284:Corporate leaders aged about 60; heads of
1372:"Government Regulation Stages a Comeback"
1231:Elite configurations at the apex of power
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
1098:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4279:Reflections on the Revolution in France
963:
745:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
534:
1135:"Is there a global super-bourgeoisie?"
1046:"Is there a global super-bourgeoisie?"
723:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 466.
141:, or skill in a group. Defined by the
721:The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology
576:. Pearson Education Inc. p. 18.
7:
1192:writes, 'were borne by the American
4389:The End of History and the Last Man
4299:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
553:from the original on 3 January 2023
312:dominate in the power elite. While
1656:
14:
381:In the 1970s an organized set of
131:disproportionate amount of wealth
4359:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2658:
2657:
431:
30:
3166:Family as a model for the state
1176:, consented to reform... Under
1021:The Rise of the Network Society
993:The Rise of the Network Society
413:The Rise of the Network Society
4516:Separation of church and state
4414:Collectivism and individualism
4369:The Origins of Totalitarianism
2299:
1:
4556:Category:Political philosophy
4429:Critique of political economy
793:Imperialism and World Economy
253:Imperialism and World Economy
4454:Institutional discrimination
4449:History of political thought
3181:Negative and positive rights
1249:Domhoff, G. William (1990).
1224:37 (1), Special Issue, 2012.
1130:37 (2), Special Issue, 2012.
488:International Debutante Ball
393:Global politics and hegemony
4597:Majorityâminority relations
4464:Justification for the state
4249:Two Treatises of Government
1376:Christian Scientist Monitor
53:, discuss the issue on the
4613:
3134:Bellum omnium contra omnes
1505:Weberian (three-component)
1270:Hartmann, Michael (2007).
1255:. Transaction Publishers.
1222:Historical Social Research
1128:Historical Social Research
938:Doob, Christopher (2012).
692:Mills, Charles W. (1956).
667:Doob, Christopher (2013).
644:Mills, Charles W. (1956).
604:Doob, Christopher (2013).
572:Doob, Christopher (2013).
159:United States universities
18:
4551:
2653:
2319:
2306:
2293:
1663:
1650:
1463:
1434:
1349:Scott, John, ed. (1990).
1019:Castells, Manuel (1996).
991:Castells, Manuel (1996).
953:Jenkins & Eckert 2000
4339:The Revolt of the Masses
2627:Pre-industrial East Asia
1328:Rothkopf, David (2009).
1276:. Taylor & Francis.
838:10.1177/0170840613509919
324:, and 10 (2%) are Asian.
231:âs sociology textbooks,
4319:The Communist Manifesto
3245:Tyranny of the majority
3156:Consent of the governed
1675:Administrative detainee
1370:Francis, David (2007).
1305:10.1023/A:1007573625240
1273:The sociology of elites
3196:
3146:Clash of civilizations
3132:
2091:
1228:Dogan, Mattei (2003).
777:Who Rules America Now?
493:Invisible Class Empire
185:Harvard Club of Boston
126:
118:
98:
21:Elite (disambiguation)
3161:Divine right of kings
2632:Pre-industrial Europe
1178:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1157:Socio-Economic Review
150:American sociologist
92:
4309:Democracy in America
3688:political philosophy
3671:political philosophy
3486:political philosophy
3315:political philosophy
3225:Separation of powers
3186:Night-watchman state
3171:Monopoly on violence
2705:Political philosophy
2489: or countries
2300:By country or region
1538:Class discrimination
1184:, and established a
1174:Bolshevik revolution
867:Dye, Thomas (2002).
826:Organization Studies
547:Cambridge Dictionary
473:Elite overproduction
181:Princeton University
144:Cambridge Dictionary
59:create a new article
51:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
4499:Right-wing politics
4379:A Theory of Justice
4349:The Road to Serfdom
4269:The Social Contract
2976:Christian democracy
2021:Vanniar (Chieftain)
925:"Faith on the Hill"
177:Columbia University
4577:Political concepts
4511:Political violence
4506:Political theology
4489:Left-wing politics
4484:Political spectrum
2602:18th-century Spain
2456:Standard of living
2160:Upper middle class
2155:Lower middle class
1746:Political prisoner
1528:Chattering classes
1500:Spoon class theory
1293:Sociological Forum
1062:10.1111/soc4.12883
900:"Fortune 500 list"
773:Domhoff, William G
629:Mills, Charles W.
523:The powers that be
377:Impacts on economy
310:White Anglo-Saxons
251:in his 1929 work,
233:Who Rules America?
229:G. William Domhoff
169:Harvard University
99:
4564:
4563:
4474:Philosophy of law
4419:Conflict theories
4259:The Spirit of Law
4166:
4165:
3215:Original position
2671:
2670:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2482:
2481:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2183:Lumpenproletariat
1685:illegal immigrant
1646:
1645:
1558:Classless society
1362:978-1-85278-390-7
1341:978-0-374-53161-4
1283:978-0-415-41197-4
1262:978-0-202-30373-4
1241:978-90-04-12808-8
1198:Great Compression
1138:Sociology Compass
1050:Sociology Compass
927:. 4 January 2021.
873:. Prentice Hall.
789:Bukharin, Nikolai
730:978-1-4051-8353-6
678:978-0-205-79241-2
615:978-0-205-79241-2
583:978-0-205-79241-2
518:The Establishment
468:Conflict theories
419:global capitalism
385:promoted reduced
191:Elitist privilege
167:, which includes
87:
86:
79:
61:, as appropriate.
4604:
4479:Political ethics
4469:Machiavellianism
4409:Authoritarianism
4394:
4384:
4374:
4364:
4354:
4344:
4334:
4324:
4314:
4304:
4294:
4284:
4274:
4264:
4254:
4244:
4234:
4224:
4214:
4204:
4194:
4184:
3260:
3201:
3137:
3127:Balance of power
3101:Social democracy
3096:Social Darwinism
3071:Multiculturalism
3016:Environmentalism
2991:Communitarianism
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2661:
2660:
2488:
2389:Mexican-American
2317:
2308:
2295:
2096:
2039:Business magnate
1929:Knowledge worker
1814:
1702:dual or multiple
1665:
1652:
1606:Social exclusion
1601:Social cleansing
1515:
1465:
1454:Economic classes
1415:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1366:
1355:. Edward Elgar.
1345:
1324:
1287:
1266:
1245:
1160:16 (2): 225-249.
1117:
1082:
1081:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1016:
1007:
1006:
988:
982:
975:Mills, Charles W
972:
966:
961:
955:
950:
944:
943:
935:
929:
928:
921:
915:
914:
912:
910:
896:
885:
884:
864:
858:
857:
823:
814:
808:
802:
796:
786:
780:
770:
764:
757:Mills, Charles W
754:
748:
741:
735:
734:
712:
706:
705:
699:
689:
683:
682:
664:
658:
657:
651:
641:
635:
634:
626:
620:
619:
601:
588:
587:
569:
563:
562:
560:
558:
539:
448:Alpha (ethology)
441:
436:
435:
371:Washington, D.C.
318:African American
247:anticipated the
245:Nikolai Bukharin
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
34:
33:
26:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4547:
4536:Totalitarianism
4397:
4392:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4352:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4312:
4302:
4292:
4282:
4272:
4262:
4252:
4242:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4209:Treatise on Law
4202:
4192:
4182:
4162:
3820:
3814:
3553:
3547:
3433:
3427:
3346:
3249:
3235:State of nature
3230:Social contract
3210:Ordered liberty
3198:Noblesse oblige
3115:
2949:
2878:
2707:
2702:
2672:
2667:
2641:
2590:
2478:
2450:
2417:
2401:Underprivileged
2343:
2302:
2301:
2277:
2207:
2164:
2124:
2106:
2025:
1943:
1903:
1805:
1760:
1659:
1658:
1642:
1621:Social position
1611:Social mobility
1509:
1459:
1430:
1429:
1419:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1327:
1290:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1248:
1242:
1227:
1202:political power
1143:Cousin, Bruno,
1106:
1093:
1090:
1088:Further reading
1085:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
990:
989:
985:
979:The Power Elite
973:
969:
962:
958:
951:
947:
937:
936:
932:
923:
922:
918:
908:
906:
898:
897:
888:
881:
866:
865:
861:
821:
816:
815:
811:
803:
799:
787:
783:
771:
767:
761:The Power Elite
755:
751:
742:
738:
731:
714:
713:
709:
696:The Power Elite
691:
690:
686:
679:
666:
665:
661:
648:The Power Elite
643:
642:
638:
633:. pp. 4â5.
631:The Power Elite
628:
627:
623:
616:
603:
602:
591:
584:
571:
570:
566:
556:
554:
541:
540:
536:
532:
527:
513:Political class
437:
430:
427:
408:Manuel Castells
395:
379:
300:CEOs are women.
261:
193:
173:Yale University
161:
152:C. Wright Mills
139:political power
83:
72:
66:
63:
48:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4569:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4526:Social justice
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4434:Egalitarianism
4431:
4426:
4424:Contractualism
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4235:
4225:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4185:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:Overton window
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:Libertarianism
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Ottoman Empire
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Ancient Greece
2604:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2581:United Kingdom
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2474:Home-ownership
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2329:American Dream
2326:
2320:
2314:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1741:Migrant worker
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1657:By demographic
1655:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1637:Status Anxiety
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Ranked society
1588:
1583:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1533:Class conflict
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1516: topics
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Mudsill theory
1487:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1367:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1325:
1299:(2): 307â338.
1288:
1282:
1267:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1225:
1209:
1169:The New Yorker
1161:
1141:
1131:
1118:
1104:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1036:
1030:978-1557866172
1029:
1008:
1002:978-1557866172
1001:
983:
967:
956:
945:
930:
916:
886:
879:
859:
832:(6): 825â855.
809:
797:
781:
765:
749:
736:
729:
707:
684:
677:
659:
636:
621:
614:
589:
582:
564:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
453:Boston Brahmin
450:
444:
443:
442:
439:Society portal
426:
423:
394:
391:
378:
375:
374:
373:
347:
342:
330:
325:
306:
301:
294:
289:
282:
273:George W. Bush
260:
257:
217:
216:
212:
208:
192:
189:
160:
157:
85:
84:
45:of the subject
43:worldwide view
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4609:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:Social status
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Jurisprudence
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:Rights of Man
4286:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4200:
4199:De re publica
4196:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:20th and 21st
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:18th and 19th
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
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3509:
3506:
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3459:
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3439:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Nizam al-Mulk
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
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3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
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3258:
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3226:
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3208:
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3200:
3199:
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3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
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3159:
3157:
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3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
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3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:Republicanism
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
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3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
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2913:
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2908:
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2903:
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2807:
2805:
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2800:
2797:
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2725:
2722:
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2717:
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2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
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2679:
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2664:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2586:United States
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
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2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:Other regions
2485:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:United States
2309:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Socioeconomic
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:Social stigma
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Social orphan
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:Nouveau riche
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Class traitor
1546:
1544:
1543:Class society
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Gilbert model
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:. Macmillan.
1333:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:. The costs,
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:15 (6): 1â15.
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:9780521168793
1101:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:(6): e12883.
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
998:
994:
987:
984:
980:
976:
971:
968:
965:
960:
957:
954:
949:
946:
941:
934:
931:
926:
920:
917:
905:
901:
895:
893:
891:
887:
882:
880:9780130974624
876:
872:
871:
863:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
813:
810:
807:
801:
798:
794:
790:
785:
782:
779:(1997), p. 2.
778:
774:
769:
766:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
740:
737:
732:
726:
722:
718:
717:"Power elite"
711:
708:
703:
698:
697:
688:
685:
680:
674:
670:
663:
660:
655:
650:
649:
640:
637:
632:
625:
622:
617:
611:
607:
600:
598:
596:
594:
590:
585:
579:
575:
568:
565:
552:
548:
544:
538:
535:
529:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:Liberal elite
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
440:
434:
429:
424:
422:
420:
415:
414:
409:
405:
404:nation states
401:
392:
390:
388:
384:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:New York City
356:
352:
348:
346:
343:
340:
336:
331:
329:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
305:
302:
299:
295:
293:
290:
287:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
274:
270:
266:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
243:theoretician
242:
237:
234:
230:
226:
221:
213:
209:
206:
202:
201:
200:
198:
190:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
158:
156:
153:
148:
146:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
96:
91:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
52:
46:
44:
37:
28:
27:
22:
4582:Elite theory
4540:
4439:Elite theory
4387:
4377:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4337:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4177:
3476:Guicciardini
3432:Early modern
3255:Philosophers
3205:Open society
3141:Body politic
3011:Distributism
3001:Conservatism
2996:Confucianism
2915:Gerontocracy
2905:Dictatorship
2859:Sovereigntyâ
2849:Ruling class
2739:Emancipation
2733:
2724:Citizenshipâ
2637:Soviet Union
2612:Ancient Rome
2469:Homelessness
2394:Upper Middle
2266: /
2247: /
2238: /
2203:Working poor
2099:
2086:Robber baron
2043:
1909:Intellectual
1899:Royal family
1863:Ancient Rome
1717:second-class
1635:
1578:
1577: /
1572:
1568:High society
1475:Elite theory
1452:
1445:
1438:
1425:Social class
1380:. Retrieved
1375:
1351:
1330:
1296:
1292:
1272:
1251:
1230:
1216:
1212:Jan Pakulski
1206:gerontocracy
1194:ruling class
1186:minimum wage
1167:
1155:
1149:Ashley Mears
1137:
1122:
1095:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1020:
992:
986:
978:
970:
964:Francis 2007
959:
948:
939:
933:
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:
869:
862:
829:
825:
812:
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
760:
752:
744:
739:
720:
710:
695:
687:
668:
662:
647:
639:
630:
624:
605:
573:
567:
555:. Retrieved
546:
537:
478:Elite theory
411:
396:
380:
351:social clubs
345:Social clubs
344:
335:universities
327:
303:
291:
279:
264:
262:
252:
249:elite theory
238:
225:ruling class
222:
218:
205:World War II
194:
162:
149:
142:
110:
109:theory, the
107:sociological
100:
73:
64:
40:
4313:(1835â1840)
4193:(c. 350 BC)
4183:(c. 375 BC)
3800:Tocqueville
3765:Saint-Simon
3730:Montesquieu
3581:Bolingbroke
3513:Machiavelli
3393:Ibn Khaldun
3358:Alpharabius
3351:Middle Ages
3176:Natural law
3151:Common good
3076:Nationalism
3036:Imperialism
3006:Corporatism
2981:Colonialism
2961:Agrarianism
2940:Technocracy
2920:Meritocracy
2900:Bureaucracy
2890:Aristocracy
2556:New Zealand
2273:Untouchable
2198:Proletariat
2188:Pea-pickers
2138:Bourgeoisie
1826:Aristocracy
1712:naturalized
1707:native-born
1164:Osnos, Evan
1145:Shamus Khan
909:14 November
458:Bourgeoisie
337:with large
314:Protestants
308:In the US,
298:Fortune 500
286:foundations
265:power elite
259:Power elite
223:Unlike the
215:supportive.
4571:Categories
4521:Separatism
4329:On Liberty
4229:The Prince
3958:Huntington
3461:Campanella
3388:al-Ghazali
3337:Thucydides
3295:Lactantius
3240:Statolatry
3066:Monarchism
3046:Liberalism
2971:Capitalism
2954:Ideologies
2935:Plutocracy
2883:Government
2839:Revolution
2824:Propaganda
2774:Legitimacy
2749:Government
2546:Luxembourg
2436:Inequality
2101:Superclass
1892:Hereditary
1868:Post-Roman
1859:Patrician
1729:adolescent
1553:Classicide
1382:5 December
530:References
508:Plutocracy
410:writes in
400:capitalism
339:endowments
165:Ivy League
95:plutocrats
4587:Oligarchy
4239:Leviathan
4219:Monarchia
4213:(c. 1274)
4048:Oakeshott
3993:Mansfield
3988:Luxemburg
3973:Kropotkin
3868:Bernstein
3821:centuries
3735:Nietzsche
3678:Jefferson
3606:Condorcet
3554:centuries
3533:Pufendorf
3398:Marsilius
3285:Confucius
3270:Aristotle
3263:Antiquity
3191:Noble lie
3111:Third Way
3106:Socialism
3031:Feudalism
2986:Communism
2966:Anarchism
2945:Theocracy
2930:Oligarchy
2910:Democracy
2895:Autocracy
2809:Pluralism
2794:Obedience
2759:Hierarchy
2719:Authority
2571:Sri Lanka
2464:Education
2431:Household
2324:Affluence
2259:Rat tribe
2221:Ant tribe
2193:Precariat
2178:Lazzaroni
2120:Bohemians
2081:Overclass
2076:Old money
2012:Spartiate
1987:Kshatriya
1977:Hashashin
1934:Professor
1875:Political
1848:Oligarchy
1838:Hanseaten
1756:Stateless
1736:Convicted
1668:By status
1631:Subaltern
1563:Euthenics
1495:New class
1321:141188855
1234:. BRILL.
1114:900952620
1078:234861167
1070:1751-9020
854:145716192
846:0170-8406
328:Education
304:Ethnicity
211:spending.
135:privilege
103:political
67:July 2023
55:talk page
4494:Centrism
4189:Politics
4179:Republic
4148:Voegelin
4128:Spengler
4113:Shariati
4088:Rothbard
4043:Nussbaum
3943:Habermas
3918:Fukuyama
3908:Foucault
3833:Ambedkar
3810:Voltaire
3780:de Staël
3755:Rousseau
3636:Franklin
3611:Constant
3571:Beccaria
3403:Muhammad
3383:Gelasius
3368:Averroes
3342:Xenophon
3322:Polybius
3275:Chanakya
3120:Concepts
3086:Populism
3056:Localism
3041:Islamism
3026:Feminism
2925:Monarchy
2829:Property
2819:Progress
2784:Monopoly
2754:Hegemony
2663:Category
2595:Historic
2516:Colombia
2506:Cambodia
2441:Personal
2339:Mobility
2268:Freedman
2254:Plebeian
2240:Prisoner
2226:Commoner
2112:Creative
2093:Seigneur
2059:Nobility
2017:Vanniyar
2002:Pendekar
1962:Cossacks
1596:Snobbery
1468:Theories
1151:(2018).
981:, p 288.
763:, p 147.
557:29 April
551:Archived
425:See also
383:policies
49:You may
4531:Statism
4444:Elitism
4402:Related
4203:(51 BC)
4133:Strauss
4108:Scruton
4103:Schmitt
4093:Russell
4013:Michels
4008:Maurras
4003:Marcuse
3963:Kautsky
3933:Gramsci
3928:Gentile
3898:Dworkin
3888:Du Bois
3883:Dmowski
3878:Chomsky
3873:Burnham
3858:Benoist
3828:Agamben
3795:Thoreau
3785:Stirner
3775:Spencer
3720:Mazzini
3710:Maistre
3705:Madison
3700:Le Play
3631:Fourier
3596:Carlyle
3576:Bentham
3566:Bastiat
3561:Bakunin
3538:Spinoza
3528:MĂŒntzer
3498:Leibniz
3471:Grotius
3451:Bossuet
3418:Plethon
3363:Aquinas
3332:Sun Tzu
3300:Mencius
3290:Han Fei
3061:Marxism
3021:Fascism
2854:Society
2779:Liberty
2764:Justice
2744:Freedom
2566:Romania
2561:Nigeria
2446:Poverty
2349:Classes
2334:History
2245:Peasant
2231:Outcast
2170:Working
2150:Burgher
2007:Samurai
1997:OcÄlĆtl
1957:Chhetri
1949:Warrior
1939:Scholar
1853:Russian
1843:Magnate
1831:Aristoi
1810:By type
1697:Citizen
1690:refugee
1586:Poverty
1580:Parvenu
1514:Related
1485:Marxian
1447:Stratum
1190:Turchin
904:Fortune
702:274â276
498:Jet set
483:Elitism
363:Chicago
241:Marxist
197:elitist
127:eligere
121:, from
4393:(1992)
4383:(1971)
4373:(1951)
4363:(1945)
4353:(1944)
4343:(1929)
4333:(1859)
4323:(1848)
4303:(1820)
4293:(1791)
4283:(1790)
4273:(1762)
4263:(1748)
4253:(1689)
4243:(1651)
4233:(1532)
4223:(1313)
4153:Walzer
4143:Taylor
4098:Sartre
4063:Popper
4058:Pareto
4053:Ortega
4038:Nozick
4028:Mouffe
3978:Laclau
3938:Guénon
3923:Gandhi
3863:Berlin
3853:Bauman
3848:Badiou
3838:Arendt
3805:Tucker
3695:Le Bon
3656:Herder
3646:Haller
3641:Godwin
3626:Fichte
3621:Engels
3616:Cortés
3586:Bonald
3543:SuĂĄrez
3518:Milton
3508:Luther
3481:Hobbes
3466:Filmer
3456:Calvin
3441:Boétie
3434:period
3413:Ockham
3280:Cicero
3081:Nazism
2869:Utopia
2844:Rights
2834:Regime
2804:People
2789:Nation
2521:France
2501:Belize
2496:Africa
2423:Income
2379:Middle
2372:Gentry
2236:Outlaw
2143:Petite
2130:Middle
2064:Landed
2049:Gentry
1982:Knight
1922:Priest
1917:Clergy
1880:Family
1818:Ruling
1767:collar
1724:Clique
1440:Status
1359:
1338:
1319:
1313:684818
1311:
1280:
1259:
1238:
1182:unions
1147:&
1112:
1102:
1076:
1068:
1027:
999:
877:
852:
844:
795:(1929)
727:
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612:
580:
369:, and
367:Boston
355:London
322:Latino
292:Gender
155:role.
115:French
4542:Index
4171:Works
4158:Weber
4123:Spann
4118:Sorel
4083:Röpke
4078:Rawls
4033:Negri
4023:Mosca
4018:Mises
3983:Lenin
3953:Hoppe
3948:Hayek
3913:Fromm
3903:Evola
3893:Dugin
3790:Taine
3770:Smith
3750:Renan
3745:Paine
3666:Iqbal
3651:Hegel
3601:Comte
3591:Burke
3503:Locke
3493:James
3446:Bodin
3378:Dante
3373:Bruni
3327:Shang
3310:Plato
2864:State
2814:Power
2799:Peace
2734:Elite
2712:Terms
2617:Aztec
2576:Tibet
2551:Nepal
2541:Italy
2531:India
2526:Haiti
2511:China
2411:Under
2406:Lower
2384:Black
2367:Donor
2362:Black
2357:Upper
2264:Slave
2213:Under
2069:Petty
2044:Elite
2031:Upper
1972:Harii
1967:CuÄuh
1801:White
1781:Green
1680:Alien
1523:Caste
1317:S2CID
1309:JSTOR
1074:S2CID
850:S2CID
822:(PDF)
654:63â67
463:Cabal
387:taxes
269:media
123:Latin
119:Ă©lite
111:elite
57:, or
4073:Rand
4068:Qutb
3968:Kirk
3843:Aron
3760:Sade
3740:Owen
3725:Mill
3715:Marx
3683:Kant
3661:Hume
3523:More
3423:Wang
3305:Mozi
2729:Duty
2536:Iran
2249:Serf
2054:Lord
1992:Nair
1885:List
1796:Pink
1786:Grey
1776:Blue
1765:By "
1384:2012
1378:: 14
1357:ISBN
1336:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1110:OCLC
1100:ISBN
1066:ISSN
1025:ISBN
997:ISBN
911:2017
875:ISBN
842:ISSN
725:ISBN
673:ISBN
610:ISBN
578:ISBN
559:2024
263:The
239:The
179:and
105:and
4138:Sun
3998:Mao
2874:War
2769:Law
1791:New
1301:doi
1058:doi
834:doi
280:Age
101:In
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1297:15
1295:.
1220:.
1126:.
1108:.
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1064:.
1054:15
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840:.
830:35
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