253:
nurse. She carried a letter of recommendation from Dr McDonnell, which Victor Cohn believed assisted her in being assigned as a Nurse on the crew of the HMAT Suevic. The Suevic was a "dark ship", so named because unlike hospital ships they were not painted white as protection under the Hague
Convention. These transport ships were used to carry war goods and soldiers to the front; returning with wounded soldiers. Kenny's war service records state her date of appointment to the No. 1 Section, Special Transport Service, as the 28 July 1916. Kenny served on these missions throughout the war, making 8 round trips (plus one round the world via the Panama Canal). In 1917 she earned the title "Sister", which in the AANS is the equivalent of a First Lieutenant. Kenny used that title for the rest of her life and was criticised by some for doing so, but she was officially promoted to the rank during her wartime service. She claimed in her autobiography to have served for a few weeks as matron to a military hospital at Enoggera, near Brisbane, but an investigation in 1955 into Kenny's war service by the Officer in Charge, AIF Base Records, concluded there was no evidence of Kenny being attached to any military hospitals in Queensland during the war. Kenny's service records confirm that she was assigned temporarily on two occasions to the Australian Auxiliary Hospitals at Harefield Park and Southall while awaiting reassignment to her next voyage. It is likely that she observed advanced rehabilitation techniques whilst working in these hospitals. In 1919 Kenny was honourably discharged and awarded a pension
236:. In her autobiography Kenny wrote that she sought McDonnell's opinion. He wired back saying "treat them according to the symptoms as they present themselves." Sensing that their muscles were tight, she did what mothers around the world did: applied hot compresses made from woollen blankets to their legs. Kenny wrote that a little girl woke up much relieved and said, "Please, I want them rags that well my legs." Several children recovered with no serious after-effects. Recent scholarship has placed doubts on the veracity of Kenny's reporting of her first encounter with polio whilst working as a Nurse in Nobby or Clifton. Press reports from Australia in the 1930s quote Kenny as saying she developed her method while caring for meningitis patients on troopships during the First World War. Victor Cohn and Wade Alexander observed in their biographies of Kenny that she published several versions of the story during the early 1940s. Alexander claims the most dependable corroboration of Kenny's story is likely to be in a letter written in 1956 to Victor Cohn from the Toowoomba journalist T. Thompson, but Cohn did not give the letter sufficient credence to cite it in his biography. Recent research concludes that Kenny most likely developed her therapeutic techniques while treating paralysis patients during the 1920s.
289:. She also remained an active member of the local first aid service. In May 1926 she was called to provide first aid to Sylvia Kuhn, a young girl who had been injured in a farming accident. The child's injuries were sufficiently serious to warrant her transportation from Nobby to a hospital in Toowoomba. Witnesses confirm that Kenny improvised a rigid stretcher from a cupboard door. The improvised device protected the child's injured limbs and improved her comfort, thereby reducing the risk of shock during the journey. Kenny later improved and patented the stretcher for use by local ambulance services, and for the next four years marketed it as the Sylvia Stretcher, in Australia, Europe and the United States. She earned a substantial royalty from the sale of the stretcher, and is believed to have turned some of the profits over to the Country Women's Association. At that time Kenny, while travelling to sell the Stretcher, adopted eight-year-old Mary Stewart to be a companion for her elderly mother. Mary later became one of Sister Kenny's best "technicians".
365:. Kenny's success was controversial; many Australian doctors and the British Medical Association questioned her results and methodology. In 1934 Kenny made public claims about the success of her therapy that angered Raphael Cilento, who by now was the Director-General of Health in Queensland. Cilento's report in 1934 was cautiously supportive of Kenny's treatment of paralysis cases, but he felt Kenny was exaggerating the degree of rehabilitation produced by her methods. Kenny replied publicly, fiercely taking Cilento to task for his criticisms. This response caused contentious relations between Kenny, Cilento, the BMA and the Australian Massage Association (AMA). Between 1936 and 1938, a Queensland Government Royal Commission evaluated Kenny's work and published its
245:
181:, where she remained during her convalescence. While there, Kenny studied McDonnell's anatomy books and model skeleton. This began a lifelong association with McDonnell, who became her mentor and advisor. Kenny later confirmed that she became interested in how muscles worked while convalescing from her accident. Instead of using a model skeleton, available for medical students only, she made her own. After her time with McDonnell, Kenny was certified by the Secretary of Public Instruction as a teacher of religious instruction and taught Sunday School in Rockfield. Having become a self-taught pianist, she listed herself as a "teacher of music" and did so a few hours a week.
330:
463:
298:
515:
33:
282:. Daphne described her treatment as consisting of daily salt baths, sulphur baths, exercise performed in the bath, passive exercises on a table, massage, and the use of bark splints on her arms and legs. After 3 years of therapy Daphne was able to walk with the aid of crutches and lead a productive life. Kenny's treatment of Daphne, plus her wartime nursing of the sick and wounded, was the foundation for her later work of rehabilitating polio victims.
318:, for a new clinic. In March 1934 the Queensland Government provided funds for a trial of Kenny's methods at the Townsville Clinic. An initial favourable evaluation of the clinic by Dr Rae Dungan was followed by a more critical report by Dr Raphael Cilento. Her success led to Kenny clinics being established in several Australian cities. Nothing remains of the Townsville Clinic or the George Street Clinic in Brisbane, but the
306:
London in 1929 while promoting her ambulance stretcher. The family asked Kenny to care for their niece Maude, who was disabled by polio. After 18 months of care under Kenny's direction, Maude recovered sufficiently to walk, marry and conceive a child. Kenny's use of hydrotherapy with Maude caught the attention of Mrs
Herbert Brookes, wife of the Trade Commissioner-General for Australia.
439:
National
Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) paid her personal expenses and financed trials of her work. That support ceased, however, after a series of disagreements with the NFIP Director. Kenny was a determined and outspoken woman, which harmed her relations with the medical profession, but her method continued to be used and helped hundreds of people suffering from polio.
185:
the kitchen in Scotia, a local midwife's cottage hospital and the local Dr. Harris gave her a letter of recommendation. With some savings from her brokerage work she paid a local tailor to make her a nurse's uniform. With that and the observations she had made at Scotia and under Dr. Harris, she returned to Nobby to offer her services as a
262:
415:). Dr Knapp served as director of training at the Minneapolis Sister Kenny Institute after it opened in 1942, and was director of physical medicine and rehabilitation from 1948 to 1964 as well. There were also facilities at the New Jersey Medical Center and the Ruth Home in El Monte, California. She received honorary degrees from
595:, (Greystone Press, San Luis Obispo CA 2012). Note: This is an unredacted edition which includes content not in the Outback Press/CQU 2003 Edition which is out of print. The book is now published by the Sister Kenny Memorial House in Nobby QLD, AU. The Greystone 2012 Edition is available in an electronic version from the author.
402:, Minnesota. Doctors Miland Knapp and John Pohl, who headed polio treatment centres there, were impressed and told her she should stay. They found an apartment for Kenny and Mary; several years later, the city of Minneapolis gave them a house. The city was Kenny's base in America for 11 years. In a 1943 letter to the
274:. When the epidemic subsided, Kenny travelled to Guyra to recuperate. In October 1920, believing she was dying, she travelled to Europe to seek medical attention and visit Lourdes. Her ailments were probably psychosomatic as she remained fit and healthy until she developed Parkinson's Disease in her late 60s.
389:
government sent Kenny and her adopted daughter Mary, who had become an expert in Kenny's method, to
America to present her clinical method for treating polio victims to doctors. After a sea journey from Sydney to Los Angeles and by rail to San Francisco, Chicago, New York City, back to Chicago and to
309:
In 1932, Queensland suffered its highest number of polio cases in 30 years. This outbreak focussed public attention on the inadequacy of treatment for victims of paralysis. The following year, local people helped Kenny set up a rudimentary paralysis-treatment facility under canopies behind the Queens
277:
In May 1921 Kenny returned to Nobby. She was unable to work as a nurse due to her lack of qualifications but was active in the local Red Cross. In 1922 she was summoned to Guyra to care for Daphne Cregan, the daughter of Amelia and
William Cregan, who was severely disabled with what was known then as
213:
Kenny returned to Nobby during 1911 after spending time in Walcha assisting her cousin after the birth of her son. Upon her return to Nobby, Kenny advertised her services as a
Medical and Surgical Nurse, reaching her patients on foot or by horseback or buggy. Many authors describe Kenny as working as
184:
In 1907, at the age of 27, Kenny returned to Guyra, New South Wales, first living with her grandmother and then with her cousin Minnie Bell. Whilst living with her cousin she had success as a broker of agricultural sales between Guyra farmers and northern markets in
Brisbane. After that she worked in
369:
in 1938. Its most critical comment, on Kenny opposing the use of splints and plaster casts was: "The abandonment of immobilization is a grievous error and fraught with grave danger, especially in very young patients who cannot co-operate in re-education." However, it stated that her clinic, then in
337:
Over the years, Kenny developed her clinical method and gained recognition in
Australia. She was strongly opposed to immobilising children's bodies with plaster casts or braces. Kenny requested permission to treat children in the acute stage of the disease with hot compresses, but doctors would not
438:
Some doctors changed their initial professional scepticism when they saw the effects Kenny's method had on her patients, both children and adults. Many magazines covered her work. In 1975 Victor Cohn wrote the first detailed biography of her life and work. During her first year in
Minneapolis, the
305:
As sales of the Sylvia
Stretcher declined in the early 1930s, Kenny resumed her involvement with the CWA and campaigning for improved rural first-aid services. In May 1931, Kenny visited the Rollinson family who owned a station, Allandale, west of Townsville. Kenny had befriended the Rollinsons in
252:
In May 1915 Kenny announced she was closing St Canice to join the War effort in Europe. She travelled at her own expense to London, where she hoped to serve as a nurse in the First World War. She was not eligible to serve with the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) as she was not a qualified
131:
that was controversial at the time. Her method, promoted internationally while working in Australia, Europe and the United States, differed from the conventional one of placing affected limbs in plaster casts. Instead she applied hot compresses, followed by passive movement of the areas to reduce
535:
A Sister Kenny Memorial House was opened in Nobby on 5 October 1997 by Prof John Pearn. This contains many artefacts from Kenny's life and a collection of documents from her private correspondence, papers and newspaper clippings. In Toowoomba, the Sister Elizabeth Kenny Memorial Fund provides
510:
Kenny's funeral on 1 December 1952 at Neil Street Methodist Church in Toowoomba was recorded for transmission in other parts of Australia and in the United States. The cortège to Nobby Cemetery was one of the largest seen in Toowoomba. Kenny was buried there beside her mother.
487:
She had treated more cases than anyone else in the world – she gave the precise number, 7,828 – and no one else was in the position to speak with her authority. She is now almost forgotten by the world. But there was an air of greatness about her and I shall never forget that
370:
Brisbane, was "admirable". The Commissioners' strongest words were against the Queensland government, then funding Kenny's work, as her clinics were unsupervised by medical practitioners. The Queensland Government rejected the report and continued to support Kenny.
342:, much as she had done with Maude Rollinson. In 1937, she published her first description of her therapeutic techniques. The book and her methods were dismissed as unoriginal by the Australian and British medical establishment. In 1941 she produced
222:. Kenny was behaving recklessly in describing herself as a certificated nurse as the Queensland Health Amendment Act (1911) had introduced stringent rules governing the registration of nurses and the registration of private hospitals.
192:
During this period of her life she was entitled to describe herself as a Nurse even though there are no verified records of her undertaking any formal nurse training or possessing nursing qualifications. Kenny earned the title
338:
allow that until after the acute stage of the disease, or until "tightness" (Kenny used the word "spasm" much later) subsided. She instituted a careful regimen of passive "exercises" designed to recall function in unaffected
470:
Kenny filled her final years with extensive journeys in America, Europe and Australia in an effort to increase acceptance of her method. She tried, unsuccessfully, to have medical researchers agree with her that polio was a
269:
Following her discharge from the AANS Kenny returned to Nobby to live with her mother. In June 1919 she volunteered to assist for two months at a temporary isolation hospital in Clifton, set up to care for victims of the
1919:, mainly correspondence relating to the establishment and operation of the Elizabeth Kenny Clinics in various States of Australia, and Elizabeth Kenny's efforts to gain recognition for her methods of treatment,
527:
Between 1934 and her death in 1952, Kenny and her associates cared for thousands of patients, including polio victims throughout the world. Their testimony to Sister Kenny's help is part of her legacy, as is
176:
she had attended St Ursulas College near Guyra, but this has never been verified. At the age of 17, she broke her wrist in a fall from a horse. Her father took her to Aeneas McDonnell, a medical doctor in
225:
In her 1943 autobiography she describes her first encounter with a patient who she treated for the disease that Dr McDonnell thought was infantile paralysis. The story was romanticized in the 1946 film
411:
During this time, several Kenny treatment centres were opened throughout the United States, the best-known being the Sister Kenny Institute in Minneapolis (opened 17 December 1942; now the
1129:
Pearn J (1988) The Sylvia stretcher: a perspective of Sister Elizabeth Kenny’s contribution to the first-aid management of injured patients, The Medical Journal of Australia 149:636-638.
540:
who dedicate themselves to work in rural and remote areas of Australia. In Townsville, her life was marked in 1949 by the unveiling of a Sister Kenny Memorial and Children's Playground.
507:
by air mail to Brisbane. It was rushed by car to Toowoomba and administered on 29 November 1952, but her doctor found Kenny too close to death to benefit and she died the following day.
1718:
Alexander 2012, p. 491, Burnett Bio, note 41, Heinemann, William, Changing Patterns, An Atypical Autobiography, Sir MacFarlane Burnett,(Melbourne, Sun Books Pty Ltd. 1970), pp. 166–168.
1505:"Report of the Queensland Royal Commission on Modern Methods for the Treatment of Infantile Paralysis", Medical Journal of Australia, 29 January 1938, 1:5(187–224). Not available online
361:
Between 1935 and 1940, Kenny travelled widely in Australia, helping to establish clinics, and made two trips to England, where she set up a treatment clinic in St Mary's Hospital near
1655:"The one year since 1946 that Mrs. Roosevelt did not head the list was in 1951, when she ran second to Sister Kenny, internationally famous nurse who pioneered a treatment for polio."
1586:
1336:
Cilento, R. (1934) “Report on the muscle re-education clinic, Townsville (Sister E Kenny) and its work”. Box 13 Elizabeth Kenny Collection, Fryer Library, University of Queensland
1957:
172:
Called "Lisa" by her family, Kenny was home schooled by her mother, and only received a few years of formal education when living at Headington Hill, near Nobby. She said in
1327:
Dungan, RW. (1934) "Report on work done by Sister Kenny at the muscle re-education clinic, Townsville". Dungan RW, Box 1, Folder 9, Fryer Library, University of Queensland
446:
signed a Congressional bill giving Kenny the right to enter and leave the US as she wished without a visa. This honour had only been granted once before, to the French
1478:
Cilento RW (1934) "Report on the muscle re-education clinic, Townsville (Sister E Kenny) and its work". Fryer Library, University of Queensland, UQFL44 Box 18.
199:
while nursing on transport ships that carried soldiers to and from Australia and England during the First World War. In Britain and Commonwealth countries,
1987:
428:
976:
KENNY Elizabeth : Service Number - Sister : Place of Birth - Warialda NSW : Place of Enlistment - N/A : Next of Kin - (Mother) KENNY M
964:
Butler, Arthur G. (1943) Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918, Volume 3, Chapter 14, Sea Transport of Australian Soldiers.
244:
1927:
Elizabeth Kenny: An Inventory of Her Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society, Manuscripts Collection (part or all of this collection is restricted)
286:
310:
Hotel in Townsville. The makeshift clinic expanded as more parents brought their children to be treated by Kenny. In 1934 she enjoyed the support of
1967:
447:
377:
celebrations of the institution of Queensland, the Kenny regimen for polio treatment was announced as an outstanding "innovation and invention".
2007:
1997:
1820:
412:
329:
1972:
1872:
769:
637:
1578:
475:. She attended the second International Congress about polio in Copenhagen. There she was shunned and unable to participate. Suffering from
1992:
1982:
319:
1195:“Hospital Control, Victorian System Explained. Evidence Before Royal Commission”, Brisbane Courier, Friday 20 June 1930, p. 17, NLA Trove.
537:
1241:
435:
from the top. The Sister Kenny Foundation was established in Minneapolis to support her and her work throughout the United States.
2002:
1920:
1844:
1425:"Infantile Paralysis and cerebral diplegia", British Journal of Surgery, 25:98(475). Available at: doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800259841
462:
150:
865:"Sister Kenny's Treatment For Infantile Paralysis". Australian Women's Weekly. Vol. 5, no. 25. 1937. p. 3.
1867:(First published by Central Queensland University Press 2003, now published by Sister Kenny Memorial House Nobby, QLD).
1351:
451:
323:
297:
1977:
1496:
Wilson JR (1992) Sister Kenny’s Trial by Royal Commission, History of Nursing Journal 4(2)91-99. Not available online.
127:(20 September 1880 – 30 November 1952) was a self-trained Australian bush nurse who developed an approach to treating
1139:
974:
427:, whose paralytic illness was believed to be polio, discussing his treatment at Warm Springs. In 1951, Kenny topped
1952:
1761:
1636:
717:, N. American Edition including redacted text from 2003 CQU Press Ed, Greystone Press, San Luis Obispo CA. p. 51.
169:, on 20 September 1880, to the Australian-born Mary Kenny, née Moore, and Michael Kenny, a farmer from Ireland.
60:
514:
408:, Kenny noted, "There have been upwards of 300 doctors attending the classes at the University of Minnesota."
753:
Alexander, W. (2003) Sister Elizabeth Kenny. Maverick Heroine of The Polio Treatment Controversy. CQU Press.
420:
404:
218:
which she named St. Canice's, where she provided convalescent and midwifery services, describing herself as
802:
See Chapter 2, Kenny, E. and Ostenso, M. (1943) And They Shall Walk. Minneapolis: Dodd, Mead & Company.
479:, she stopped on her way home in Melbourne to meet privately with internationally respected virologist Sir
214:
a Bush Nurse, but this is not a term she applied to herself. In July 1912 she opened a Cottage Hospital at
476:
1346:
735:
Clifton Courier, Professional Notices, 4 November 1911, p. 3. State Library of Queensland (SLQ) MFS 0448.
1168:“Sylvia” Stretcher Sister Kenny’s Invention Appreciated, Daily Standard, 25 February 1927, p.2 Trove NLA
424:
1524:
821:
1947:
1942:
1106:
395:
1812:
1514:
Alexander (2003), Sister Elizabeth Kenny: Maverick Heroine of the Polio Treatment Controversy, p. 98
367:
Report of The Queensland Royal Commission on Modern Methods for the Treatment of Infantile Paralysis
215:
762:
654:
1789:
1696:
1395:
416:
200:
1294:
744:
See chapter 4: Highley, K. (2016) Dancing in My Dreams. Melbourne: Monash University Publishing.
1347:"Rockhampton Hospital – Therapies Block and Medical Superintendents Residence (entry 601967 )"
1231:“A daughter of Alfred Deakin”, The Evening News, Wednesday 23 September 1931, p. 12, NLA Trove.
1868:
1387:
633:
497:
480:
432:
311:
271:
1733:
1632:
1557:
1549:
874:"Paralysis: A new system of treatment". Sydney Morning Herald. 16 February 1935. p. 15.
472:
233:
146:
133:
1848:
773:
443:
386:
166:
132:
what she called "spasm". Her principles of muscle rehabilitation became the foundation of
1608:
Pheifer, Pat (9 February 1991). "Physical rehabilitation pioneer Dr. Miland Knapp dies".
1962:
1562:
1537:
1414:
Infantile paralysis and cerebral diplegia: methods used for the restoration of function
339:
279:
194:
1841:
1204:“The World of Women”, Townsville Daily Bulletin, Tuesday 12 May 1931, p. 6, NLA Trove.
784:
See interview with Alicent Woodward by Victor Cohn 3 December 1955. EKP-MHC 146.K.8.6F
565:
My Battle and Victory: History of The Discovery of Poliomyelitis as a Systemic Disease
32:
1936:
1073:"Personal", Warwick Daily News, Monday 16 May 1921, p. 2. nla.news-article177247075.3
1037:"Personal", Warwick Daily News, Monday 16 May 1921, p. 2, nla.news-article177247075.3
1916:
1627:
1610:
285:
In April 1925, Kenny was elected as the first president of the Nobby branch of the
228:
141:
1140:
http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/epublish/content/olsAvailablePatentPDFs.jsp
322:
in the Outpatients Building of the Rockhampton Base Hospital is now listed on the
261:
1926:
1028:"Epidemic in Clifton", Warwick Daily News, Thursday 19 June 1919, p. 5, Trove NLA
1064:
Letters from W Vinnicombe and Dr J Davis to Victor Cohn, 1956. 146.K8.6F EKP-MHC
928:“Gossip from Women’s Clubland”, Queensland Figaro, 29 May 1915, p. 14, Trove NLA
399:
391:
1625:"Sister Kenny Forged Medical Revolt – Physicians Concede Her Spot in History".
844:
Highley K (2015) Dancing in my dreams. Melbourne: Monash University Publishing.
1784:
1756:
1728:
1691:
630:
The polio wars: Sister Elizabeth Kenny and the golden age of American medicine
362:
333:
Elizabeth Kenny Clinic, corner of George and Charlotte Streets, Brisbane, 1938
1553:
1391:
1101:
946:
Alice Perrott, interview by Victor Cohn, 19 November 1955, 146.K.8.6F EKP-MHS
853:
Hildon A (2019) The woman who invented herself. PhD Thesis. Available from:
551:
Infantile Paralysis and Cerebral Diplegia: Method of Restoration of Function
315:
178:
105:
87:
1865:
Sister Elizabeth Kenny: maverick heroine of the polio treatment controversy
715:
Sister Elizabeth Kenny. Maverick Heroine of The Polio Treatment Controversy
593:
Sister Elizabeth Kenny: Maverick Heroine of The Polio Treatment Controversy
466:
Sister Kenny (left) with her secretary in Kenny's garden in Toowoomba, 1952
1265:.“Save the Cripples”, Daily Mercury, Friday 29 July 1932, p. 10, NLA Trove
1376:"Treatment Of Acute Poliomyelitis: An Analysis Of Sister Kenny's Methods"
1138:
Patent no. 3172/26 Australian Official Journal of Patents, 5 March 1927.
493:
162:
56:
1649:
George Gallup. "Mrs. Roosevelt again leads list of most admired women",
1399:
1375:
1301:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
661:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
431:
as the only woman in the first ten years of the annual list to displace
1897:
1487:"Not Approved", Queensland Times, Friday 15 March 1935, p. 7, NLA Trove
937:“RMS Medina for London”, Sydney Morning Herald, 26 June 1915, Trove NLA
854:
504:
354:, appeared in collaboration with Dr John Pohl in 1943 and was known as
1318:“Treat Paralysis”, The Telegraph, Thursday 8 Mar 1934, p. 1, NLA Trove
1110:. 29 April 1925. p. 23 – via National Library of Australia.
501:
1525:
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-06-10/premier-announces-q150-icons/
822:
http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/hist_act/haaao19112gvn26261/
1579:"Sister Kenny Institute revolutionized treatment of polio patients"
1120:"Serious Accident", Warwick Daily News, 18 May 1926, p.2 Trove NLA)
513:
461:
328:
296:
260:
243:
205:
applies to senior more qualified nurse, one grade below "Matron".
128:
115:
1887:
Polio Wars: Sister Kenny and the Golden Age of American Medicine
1737:. No. 20, 561 (Daily ed.). 28 November 1952. p. 1
586:
Polio Wars: Sister Kenny and The Golden Age of American Medicine
374:
1082:
Letter: Daphne Cregan to Victor Cohn, 1956. 146.K.8.6F EKP-MHC
988:
986:
530:
The Kenny Concept of Infantile Paralysis, and Its Treatment
1449:
The Kenny Concept of Infantile Paralysis And Its Treatment
579:
The Kenny Concept of Infantile Paralysis and Its Treatment
352:
The Kenny Concept of Infantile Paralyses And Its Treatment
220:
Nurse Kenny, Certificated Medical, Surgical, and Midwifery
831:
829:
1436:
The treatment of infantile paralysis in the acute stage
682:, The University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. p 26.
615:
The Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in the Acute Stage
558:
The Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in the Acute Stage
442:
In recognition of her work, in February 1950 President
344:
The Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in The Acute Stage
1765:. No. 2749. Brisbane. 30 November 1952. p. 1
1729:"New Drug Being Flown from U.S. to Treat Sister Kenny"
820:
Health Act Amendment Act 2 Geo. V. No. 26, p. 5178.
793:
Clifton Courier, 4 November 1911, p. 3. SLQ MFS 0448
500:
of New York sent his experimental drug based on the
680:
Sister Kenny - The Woman Who Challenged The Doctors
111:
101:
93:
83:
67:
42:
23:
1880:Sister Kenny: The woman who challenged the doctors
1679:Sister Kenny: The woman who challenged the doctors
811:Clifton Courier, 13 July 1912, p. 3. SLQ MFS 0448.
560:(Minneapolis–St. Paul, Bruce Publishing Co. 1941)
1673:
1671:
1242:"Notifiable diseases surveillance, 1917 to 1991"
574:(Bruce Publishing Co, Minneapolis-St Paul 1943)
485:
301:Sister Kenny Clinic, Rockhampton Hospital, 1939
265:Sister Kenny Memorial/Museum, Nobby, Queensland
483:. He wrote of the visit in his autobiography:
1681:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
1523:"Premier announces Q150 icons" Available at:
398:, she was given a chance to show her work in
8:
1894:Sister Kenny: The woman who invented herself
1958:20th-century Australian non-fiction writers
1801:– via National Library of Australia.
1785:"SISTER KENNY BURIED NEAR MOTHER AT NOBBY"
1773:– via National Library of Australia.
1745:– via National Library of Australia.
1708:– via National Library of Australia.
20:
1561:
350:. The broadest appraisal of her methods,
1692:"The remarkable saga of Elisabeth Kenny"
570:Martha Ostenso and Elizabeth Kenny, And
429:Gallup's most admired man and woman poll
139:Her life story was told in a 1946 film,
1889:(Oxford University Press; 2013) 456 pp.
883:Cohn (1975) Notes on Chapter 4, p. 274.
605:
536:scholarships to students attending the
448:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1295:"MacKinnon, Eleanor Vokes (1871–1936)"
413:Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute
287:Queensland Country Women's Association
1882:(University of Minnesota Press, 1975)
1793:. 1 December 1952. p. 2 (STUMPS)
1700:. 1 December 1952. p. 5 (STUMPS)
7:
1906:(Monash University Publishing, 2015)
1898:http://repository.essex.ac.uk/24922/
1842:The Strand – Townsville City Council
1577:R.L. Cartwright (27 November 2012).
855:http://repository.essex.ac.uk/24922/
763:"Medicine: Sister Kenny Fights On".
588:(Oxford University Press, N.Y. 2014)
577:John Pohl, MD, and Elizabeth Kenny,
492:In an attempt to save her life from
248:Nurse Elizabeth Kenny in August 1915
1823:from the original on 1 January 2019
1438:. Minneapolis: Bruce Publishing Co.
1046:Kenny and Ostenso (1943) pp. 64-69.
835:Kenny and Ostenso (1943) pp. 15-32.
632:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
553:(Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1937)
1988:Australian people of Irish descent
1929:, mnhs.org. Accessed 4 March 2024.
1896:PhD Thesis, 2019. Available from:
1538:"Kenny Treatment of Poliomyelitis"
1299:Australian Dictionary of Biography
901:Alexander 2012 edition, pp. 55–58.
659:Australian Dictionary of Biography
14:
1917:Elizabeth Kenny papers, 1936-1937
1589:from the original on 2 March 2020
700:Kenny, E. and Ostenso, M. (1943)
538:University of Southern Queensland
1921:State Library of New South Wales
1451:. Minneapolis: Bruce Publishing.
1447:Pohl, J.F. and Kenny, E. (1943)
136:or physiotherapy in such cases.
78:Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
31:
1968:Australian women of World War I
1548:(4297): 615–616 (quote p.616).
1001:Kenny and Ostenso (1943) p. 63.
581:(St. Paul: Bruce Pub. Co. 1943)
704:. New York: Dodd, Mead. p. 12.
617:. Minneapolis, St Paul: Bruce.
151:Academy Award for Best Actress
1:
2008:19th-century Australian women
1998:20th-century women scientists
1639:. 1 December 1952. p. 7.
1416:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson
1355:. Queensland Heritage Council
1102:"Country Women's Association"
655:"Elizabeth Kenny (1880–1952)"
145:, where she was portrayed by
1973:Female nurses in World War I
1352:Queensland Heritage Register
1186:Alexander 2012, pp. 100–102.
992:NAA: B2455, Kenny Elizabeth.
452:American War of Independence
324:Queensland Heritage Register
314:, a key figure in the local
161:Elizabeth Kenny was born in
149:, who was nominated for the
16:Australian nurse (1880–1952)
1993:Australian women scientists
1983:People from New South Wales
1380:The British Medical Journal
1010:NAA: B2455, Kenny Elizabeth
892:Alexander (2003) pp. 26-27.
567:(London: Robert Hale, 1955)
532:, known as the "Red Book".
518:Headstone in Nobby cemetery
2024:
1653:, 22 January 1956, p. 12:
1091:Alexander 2012, pp. 93–98.
1019:Alexander 2012, pp. 69–88.
919:Hildon (2019) pp. 210-227.
423:. She joined for lunch US
187:Medical and Surgical Nurse
1757:"Flight For Sister Kenny"
1469:Highley (2015) Chapter 5.
613:Kenny, Elizabeth (1941).
61:Colony of New South Wales
30:
1813:"Sister Elizabeth Kenny"
1554:10.1136/bmj.1.4297.615-b
2003:Australian women nurses
1665:Alexander 2012, p. 238.
1651:The Dallas Morning News
1542:British Medical Journal
1460:Alexander 2012, p. 136.
772:5 November 2012 at the
421:University of Rochester
405:British Medical Journal
37:Elizabeth Kenny in 1950
1847:31 August 2007 at the
1628:The Windsor Daily Star
1222:Cohn (1975) pp. 80-82.
1150:Cohn (1975) pp. 71-74.
1055:Cohn (1975) pp. 65-66.
628:Rogers, Naomi (2014).
519:
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467:
334:
302:
266:
249:
174:Who's Who in Australia
1536:Kenny (15 May 1943).
1374:Mills, F. H. (1938).
910:Highley (2015) p. 79.
713:Alexander, W. (2012)
517:
465:
458:Final years and death
332:
300:
264:
247:
153:for her performance.
1904:Dancing in my dreams
1293:Abbott, Jacqueline,
1107:The Brisbane Courier
396:Rochester, Minnesota
381:In the United States
373:In 2009, during the
257:Return to Queensland
702:And They Shall Walk
494:cerebral thrombosis
477:Parkinson's disease
425:President Roosevelt
320:Sister Kenny Clinic
1978:World War I nurses
1817:Monument Australia
1790:Brisbane Telegraph
1697:Brisbane Telegraph
1283:Cohn (1975) p. 84.
1274:Cohn (1075) p. 82.
1246:www1.health.gov.au
1213:Cohn (1975) p. 75.
1159:Cohn (1975) p. 72.
955:Cohn (1975) p. 54.
726:Cohn (1975) p. 33.
691:Cohn (1975) p. 27.
520:
468:
450:, a leader in the
417:Rutgers University
335:
303:
267:
250:
1953:Australian nurses
1873:978-1-876780-24-1
1434:Kenny, E. (1941)
1386:(4020): 168–170.
1177:Cohn (1975) p. 69
639:978-0-19-538059-0
563:Elizabeth Kenny,
556:Elizabeth Kenny,
549:Elizabeth Kenny,
498:Irving Innerfield
481:Macfarlane Burnet
433:Eleanor Roosevelt
312:Eleanor MacKinnon
280:cerebral diplegia
272:1918 flu pandemic
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53:20 September 1880
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94:Other names
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229:Sister Kenny
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73:(1952-11-30)
18:
1948:1952 deaths
1943:1880 births
1305:9 September
400:Minneapolis
392:Mayo Clinic
346:, known as
240:World War I
102:Citizenship
84:Nationality
1937:Categories
1412:Kenny, E.
1251:12 October
665:12 October
600:References
363:Carshalton
157:Early life
112:Occupation
106:Australian
88:Australian
49:1880-09-20
1878:V. Cohn.
1827:1 January
1392:0007-1447
316:Red Cross
179:Toowoomba
1845:Archived
1821:Archived
1593:23 April
1587:Archived
1583:MNOPedia
1400:25368616
1359:1 August
770:Archived
488:meeting.
419:and the
163:Warialda
57:Warialda
1875:227 pp.
1563:2282914
505:trypsin
216:Clifton
123:Sister
1871:
1797:5 July
1769:5 July
1741:5 July
1704:5 July
1560:
1398:
1390:
636:
523:Legacy
502:enzyme
202:Sister
196:Sister
1963:Polio
1762:Truth
1396:JSTOR
129:polio
116:Nurse
1869:ISBN
1829:2019
1799:2017
1771:2017
1743:2017
1706:2017
1595:2020
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