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280:. It always comes last and premiered on November 16, 1998, as part of a broader structural change to the show. It originally lasted fifteen minutes at the end of each episode. The segment ran until 2009, and then returned in 2017. The segment was designed to appeal to younger viewers and to increase ratings, which had fallen in the past decade. The segment is presented from the perspective of a three-year-old child as represented by its host, the Muppet
564:
410:
three and five, their viewers had become more sophisticated since its debut and began to watch the show sooner, as early as ten months of age. The producers found that the show's original format, which consisted of a series of short clips similar to the structure of a magazine, was not necessarily the most effective way to hold young viewers' attention. They also found that their viewers, especially the younger ones, lost attention with
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511:, with animation and digital effects added later. For more complicated shots that showed Elmo's entire body, a puppet called "Active Elmo" was operated with assistance from other puppeteers; the puppet was also filmed in front of a blue screen and edited later. Visual effects for the series were provided by
506:
and then by Ryan Dillon after its revamp in 2017, moving between and combining two worlds of live action and computer-generated animation, which looked like "a child's squiggly crayon drawing come to life" created by the host, and with "a stream-of-consciousness feel to it". The segment was filmed at
321:
and executive producer Arlene
Sherman helped develop it. In contrast with the realism of the rest of the show, the segment presented Elmo moving between and combining a live action world and a computer-generated animated world, which looked like "a child's squiggly crayon drawing come to life", with
433:
followed the same structure each episode, and depended heavily on repetition. It focused on child-centered topics such as balls and dancing, from the perspective of a three-year-old child, and was "designed to foster exploration, imagination, and curiosity". Instead of an adult providing narration,
409:
s content and structure, and studied how children's viewing habits had changed. The analysis was conducted during a series of two-week-long workshops and was completed in time for the show's 30th anniversary in 1999. The CTW found that although the show was produced for children between the ages of
713:
ended, but was prevented by the apparent satisfaction of the viewers and by tight budgets. They were also reluctant to replace the segment; as writer Joey
Mazzarino explained, it was "an emotionally charged process" because Freudberg had become ill and was not present for the discussions about it.
650:
were silent in order to allow Elmo to do all the talking, and to give children the opportunity to respond to what they saw on the screen. Dorothy's silence allowed children to fill in the blanks, and her curiosity, which was created and enhanced by Elmo's imagination, allowed the writers and
546:. They found that the segment had high appeal for children, regardless of their age, sex, and socioeconomic background. Attention and participation such as hand-clapping, moving along with the music, and counting along with the characters increased with repeated viewing.
686:, have played two more of Mr. Noodle's brothers. According to Freudberg, "Mr. Noodle, who never speaks, is all about trial and error. When you throw him a hat, he acts like he's never seen one before. Kids feel empowered watching him because they can do what he can't."
454:
TV critic Tim
Goodman called it, "deconstructing" the show. They changed the structure of the entire show to a more narrative format, making the show easier for young children to navigate. Arlene Sherman, a co-executive producer for 25 years and one of the creators of
369:
had been on the air for over 20 years and was, as author
Michael Davis put it, "the undisputed heavyweight champion of preschool television". The show's dominance began to be challenged throughout the decade by other television shows for preschoolers such as
702:
began taking steps to increase the age of their viewers and to increase their ratings. By the end of the show's 40th anniversary in 2009, 3-year-old viewers had increased by 41 percent, 4-year-olds by 4 percent, and 5-year-olds by 21 percent. According to
322:"a stream-of-consciousness feel to it". Elmo's pet goldfish Dorothy and the members of the Noodle family were silent to allow Elmo to do all the talking, and to give children the opportunity to respond to what they saw on the screen. A brief clip from
651:
researchers to insert the curriculum lessons they want to convey. Up to nine goldfish were used per episode, so they could be replaced when necessary. Several fish were needed each season, and the surviving
Dorothys were given good homes afterwards.
639:"a colorful, lively celebration of creativity" and "one of the most imaginative endeavors I've ever been involved in". He stated that the segment provided him with new challenges and opportunities for "creative risk-taking".
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called it "a show within a show". Clash called it "a playdate between the child and Elmo", and felt that its intimacy provided an effective teaching tool. He also called it "an instant success". Davis compared
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further developed the idea with her. Freudberg stated that the concept "was radical because we had never veered from that magazine mosaic and had never given any character more than another character to do".
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s producers went further in changing the show to reflect its younger demographic and increase in their viewers' sophistication. They decided, after the show's 33rd season, to expand upon the
631:, and "the marketing wonder of our age" when five million "Tickle Me Elmo" dolls were sold in 1996. Clash believed the "Tickle Me Elmo" phenomenon made Elmo a household name and led to the
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1308:
Fisch, Shalom M. and Lewis
Bernstein (2001). "Formative Research Revealed: Methodological and Process Issues in Formative Research", In Shalom M. Fisch & Rosemarie T. Truglio.
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522:
included Emily
Kingsley and Molly Boylan. The theme song was based upon a song Geiss wrote called "Elmo's Song", with lyrics changed to fit the segment. Writer Louise Gikow and
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The segment was developed out of a series of workshops that studied changes in the viewing habits of Sesame Street's audience, and the reasons for the show's lower ratings.
429:, that was shown at the end of each episode. The segment used traditional elements (animation, Muppets, music, and live-action film), but had a more sustained narrative.
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returned, in a newly designed segment that ran five minutes at the end of each episode. Steve
Youngwood, the Sesame Workshop's CEO, called it "fresh, contemporary".
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399:(CTW) (now Sesame Workshop), the organization responsible for putting the show on the air, responded by researching the reasons for their lower ratings.
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came up with the idea of creating a segment with "an entirely different format" from the rest of the show during the CTW's workshops, and writer
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came up with the idea of creating a less-realistic setting compared to the rest of the show. The segment presented Elmo, first portrayed by
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The actors who have played members of the Noodle family: Bill Irwin, Michael Jeter, Kristin
Chenoweth, Sarah Jones, and Daveed Diggs
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called a "phenomenon" until Clash took over the role in 1983. Elmo became, as writer
Michael Davis reported, "the embodiment" of
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s producers changed the rest of the show to reflect its younger demographic and the increase in their viewers' sophistication.
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At first, the same segment was repeated daily for a week, but this practice was dropped at the end of the first season of
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to replace Irwin as Mr. Noodle's brother Mr. Noodle. Jeter was in the role beginning in 2000, until his death in 2003.
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The CTW, as it has done throughout its existence and for all the shows it produced, conducted extensive studies on
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The first way the CTW addressed the issues brought up by their research was by lowering the target age for
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My Life as a Furry Red Monster: What Being Elmo has Taught Me About Life, Love and Laughing Out Loud.
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1998:
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s younger viewers. Elmo was created in 1979 and was performed by various puppeteers, including
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For the first time since the show debuted, the producers and a team of researchers analyzed
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played Mr. Noodle's other sister Miss Noodle in the episode "Helping". As of January 2017,
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in 2012, and returned in 2017. The show is alternated by two more Elmo-centered segments,
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1003:"Word on the 'Street': Classic Children's Show to Undergo Structural Changes This Season"
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temporarily wrapped production in 2009, on the tenth and final season, the producers of
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used traditional production elements, but had a more sustained narrative. In 2002,
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1311:"G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street.
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is a segment that is shown in the American children's television program
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The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover
1206:"Judy Freudberg, a Writer for 'Sesame Street' for 35 Years, Dies at 62"
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a different time than the rest of the season, much of it in front of a
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Sunny Days: The Children's Television Revolution That Changed America
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The CTW changed its name to the Sesame Workshop (SW) in June 2000.
608:, who represented the three-year-old child, was chosen as host of
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Five of the actors playing members of the Noodle family have won
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Sesame Street: A Celebration— Forty Years of Life on the Street.
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Segment shown in the children's television program Sesame Street
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155:"Elmo's World Theme Song" (sung to "Elmo's Song" prior to 2017)
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515:(1998 to 1999), Protozoa (2000), and Celefex (2001 to 2009).
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Clash, Kevin, Gary Brozek, and Louis Henry Mitchell (2006).
662:, who had previously worked with Sherman in short films for
666:. When he became unavailable, Sherman asked her friend
459:, called the show's new look "startlingly different".
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In addition to Freudberg and Geiss, other writers of
1233:(Press release). Sesame Workshop.org. Archived from
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Children and Television: Lessons from Sesame Street
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2459:2020s American children's comedy television series
2454:2010s American children's comedy television series
2449:2000s American children's comedy television series
2444:1990s American children's comedy television series
2106:Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street
1295:Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street
337:temporarily ceased production. It was replaced by
1314:Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
1258:Elmo's World at official sesamestreet.org website
623:, but did not become what his eventual portrayer
1328:New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers.
736:began airing on the cable subscription service
2484:American preschool education television series
1927:Sesame Street... 20 Years & Still Counting
2494:Television controversies in the United States
1362:
996:
994:
533:with the Saturday Morning children's TV show
8:
2489:American television shows featuring puppetry
2023:Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration
1695:One of These Things (Is Not Like the Others)
1181:"'Sesame Street' Will Revive 'Elmo's World'"
1174:
1172:
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1026:
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973:Whitlock, Natalie Walker (16 October 2006).
2479:2020s preschool education television series
2474:2010s preschool education television series
2469:2000s preschool education television series
2464:1990s preschool education television series
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228:Children's Television Workshop (1998–2000)
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891:. Muppet Central.com. Reuters. 2000-06-05
642:According to Clash and Gikow, Elmo's pet
2276:Street Gang: How We Got to Sesame Street
2439:2021 American television series endings
2429:2009 American television series endings
2269:I Am Big Bird: The Caroll Spinney Story
1123:. New York: Hyperion Publishing, p. 9.
820:
808:Freudberg died of brain cancer in 2012.
753:
612:because he had always tested well with
434:Elmo led the child through the action.
345:Elmo & Tango’s Mysterious Mysteries
2434:2017 American television series debuts
2424:1998 American television series debuts
1935:Big Bird's Birthday or Let Me Eat Cake
889:"CTW changes name to Sesame Workshop"
7:
2255:The World According to Sesame Street
2147:The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland
1742:The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland
2015:Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas
1975:The Best of Kermit on Sesame Street
975:"Behind the Scenes of Elmo's World"
1085:"Hey, Elmo, That Concept Has Legs"
728:continued to appear on repeats of
25:
2262:Being Elmo: A Puppeteer's Journey
1943:Sesame Street: 25 Wonderful Years
1879:A Special Sesame Street Christmas
1814:Bert and Ernie's Great Adventures
1204:Slotnik, Daniel E. (2012-06-16).
2499:Television series about children
2388:
2387:
1083:Jensen, Elizabeth (2012-09-13).
922:Fisch & Bernstein, pp. 44–45
584:
573:
562:
203:64 (+ 3 specials) (original run)
165:"The Happy Dance" (2017–present)
1828:The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo
1341:Archive of American Television.
1179:Steinberg, Brian (2016-10-17).
147:Deborah Grausman (2017–present)
2066:Happy Birthday, Cookie Monster
2031:Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate
1871:Christmas Eve on Sesame Street
1618:Snuffy's Parents Get a Divorce
397:Children's Television Workshop
197:
186:
1:
2223:Sesame Street 4-D Movie Magic
2099:The Sesame Street Dictionary
1951:Sesame Street Stays Up Late!
1605:International co-productions
1338:Herman, Karen (2004-07-20).
1298:. New York: Viking Penguin.
1166:Herman, event occurs at 5:10
1157:Herman, event occurs at 3:31
1068:Herman, event occurs at 0:43
1050:Herman, event occurs at 2:53
956:Fisch & Bernstein, p. 45
690:End of production and return
313:came up with the concept of
2377:The Joan Ganz Cooney Center
2182:Elmo's Musical Monsterpiece
2058:Sesame Street Together Book
1001:Goodman, Tim (2002-02-04).
773:aired on November 16, 1998.
646:Dorothy and the members of
395:s ratings declined, so the
288:in the original series and
163:"The ____ Song" (1998–2009)
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2161:Cookie's Counting Carnival
1991:Elmo's Christmas Countdown
1777:The Muppets Take Manhattan
1119:Borgenicht, David (1998).
358:
220:4-5 minutes (2017–present)
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2154:Elmo's A-to-Zoo Adventure
1903:A Muppet Family Christmas
1386:
1324:Gikow, Louise A. (2009).
654:Mr. Noodle was played by
1282:New York: Random House.
414:after 40 to 45 minutes.
2372:Kaufman Astoria Studios
2189:Kinect Sesame Street TV
1292:Davis, Michael (2008).
1007:San Francisco Chronicle
463:Development and filming
451:San Francisco Chronicle
425:, hosted by the Muppet
361:Format of Sesame Street
2414:Sesame Street segments
2300:The Jim Henson Company
2085:Sesame Street Magazine
1911:Sesame Street, Special
1895:Don't Eat the Pictures
1855:Julie on Sesame Street
1769:The Great Muppet Caper
635:segment. Clash called
495:
218:15 minutes (1998–2009)
2228:Spaghetti Space Chase
2140:Alpha Beam with Ernie
1688:Monster in the Mirror
1121:Sesame Street Unpaved
769:The first episode of
486:
2331:Syndication packages
2133:Big Bird's Egg Catch
1959:Elmo Saves Christmas
1624:Wicked Witch episode
373:Barney & Friends
365:By the early 1990s,
292:in the 2017 reboot.
225:Production companies
2283:Jim Henson Idea Man
2175:Once Upon a Monster
2168:Ready, Set, Grover!
1800:Play with Me Sesame
1574:List of guest stars
536:Pee-wee's Playhouse
330:s 2002–2006 intro.
2320:Sesame Street Live
1999:Abby in Wonderland
1579:List of puppeteers
1544:Martin P. Robinson
1534:Carol-Lynn Parente
1433:Recurring segments
1391:Fictional location
1263:2018-09-29 at the
1229:Crimaldi, Philip.
1210:The New York Times
1089:The New York Times
706:The New York Times
525:The New York Times
496:
2401:
2400:
1919:Big Bird in Japan
1887:Big Bird in China
1821:Elmo: The Musical
1807:Sesame Beginnings
1787:
1786:
1413:Educational goals
1334:978-1-57912-638-4
1304:978-0-670-01996-0
722:Elmo: The Musical
672:Kristin Chenoweth
648:the Noodle family
340:Elmo: The Musical
309:Long-time writer
267:
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246:November 16, 1998
178:Original language
170:Country of origin
117:Kristin Chenoweth
16:(Redirected from
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2367:Teletape Studios
2007:The Cookie Thief
1761:The Muppet Movie
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1734:Follow That Bird
1494:Gerald S. Lesser
1464:Joan Ganz Cooney
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1674:I Love Trash
1611:Elmo's World
1610:
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1549:David Rudman
1519:Jerry Nelson
1484:Richard Hunt
1377:
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1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1224:
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1188:. Retrieved
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1110:Clash, p. 77
1092:. Retrieved
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1010:. Retrieved
1006:
982:. Retrieved
978:
918:
913:Clash, p. 76
893:. Retrieved
883:
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842:Clash, p. 75
804:
791:
784:Elmo's World
783:
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771:Elmo's World
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725:
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717:
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710:
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696:Elmo's World
695:
693:
684:Daniel Koren
680:Daveed Diggs
663:
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637:Elmo's World
636:
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621:Richard Hunt
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430:
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379:Blue's Clues
377:
371:
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323:
315:Elmo's World
314:
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297:Elmo's World
296:
294:
275:
271:Elmo's World
270:
269:
268:
215:Running time
205:82 (revival)
160:Ending theme
132:Ilana Glazer
127:Daveed Diggs
122:Daniel Koren
90:Presented by
65:
36:Elmo's World
35:
29:
2336:The Muppets
2326:Comic strip
2307:(1999-2002)
2199:Attractions
2124:Video games
1967:Elmopalooza
1845:Television
1660:Bein' Green
1634:discography
1504:Kermit Love
1474:Louise Gold
1469:Ryan Dillon
1459:Kevin Clash
1401:productions
1271:Works cited
1231:"Season 43"
1148:Clash, p.47
676:Sarah Jones
625:Kevin Clash
604:The Muppet
509:blue screen
504:Kevin Clash
492:Kevin Clash
385:Teletubbies
326:appears in
290:Ryan Dillon
286:Kevin Clash
200:of episodes
145:(1998–2009)
98:Ryan Dillon
94:Kevin Clash
85:(1998–2009)
54:Puppet show
50:Educational
2408:Categories
2077:Literature
1983:CinderElmo
1654:Theme song
1588:Production
1564:Matt Vogel
1539:Joe Raposo
1499:Peter Linz
1479:Jim Henson
1454:Fran Brill
1408:Characters
1241:2017-08-26
1215:2017-08-27
1190:2017-08-26
1094:2017-08-26
1012:2017-08-26
984:2017-08-27
895:2017-08-27
816:References
660:Bill Irwin
550:Characters
500:Mo Willems
494:, in 2022.
477:Tony Geiss
467:Long-time
355:Background
319:Tony Geiss
250:1998-11-16
210:Production
189:of seasons
108:Bill Irwin
79:Written by
2314:in the UK
2216:San Diego
1554:Jon Stone
1438:Accolades
1428:Licensing
1423:Influence
748:Footnotes
724:in 2012.
498:Animator
437:In 2002,
333:In 2009,
139:Voices of
129:(2017–21)
124:(2017–21)
119:(2001–06)
114:(2000–03)
2394:Category
2354:episodes
1847:specials
1600:Research
1529:Frank Oz
1261:Archived
656:Broadway
644:goldfish
104:Starring
62:Based on
2361:Panwapa
2342:Big Bag
2293:Related
1595:History
1185:Variety
471:writer
260:present
258: (
256:present
254: –
248: (
243:Release
181:English
57:Segment
2305:Noggin
2069:(1986)
2061:(1971)
2053:(1971)
2034:(2020)
2026:(2019)
2018:(2016)
2010:(2015)
2002:(2008)
1994:(2007)
1986:(1999)
1978:(1998)
1970:(1998)
1962:(1996)
1954:(1993)
1946:(1993)
1938:(1991)
1930:(1989)
1922:(1989)
1914:(1988)
1906:(1987)
1898:(1983)
1890:(1983)
1882:(1978)
1874:(1978)
1866:(1974)
1858:(1973)
1780:(1984)
1772:(1981)
1764:(1979)
1753:Cameos
1745:(1999)
1737:(1985)
1447:People
1418:Format
1332:
1318:
1302:
1286:
1127:
694:After
658:actor
382:, and
2042:Books
1726:Films
1646:Songs
1629:Music
797:Tonys
617:'
442:'
407:'
393:'
304:'
42:Genre
2349:Oobi
1716:Sing
1330:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1125:ISBN
606:Elmo
488:Elmo
427:Elmo
347:and
282:Elmo
67:Elmo
738:HBO
198:No.
187:No.
71:by
2410::
1208:.
1183:.
1171:^
1103:^
1087:.
1073:^
1021:^
1005:.
993:^
977:.
961:^
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865:^
823:^
740:;
539:.
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192:17
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1356:v
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987:.
898:.
799:.
786:.
262:)
252:)
20:)
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