354:
303:
631:
88:
283:
25:
429:(COB) which have been of such immense importance to Bolivia. She was not only respected as a trade union leader but also genuinely loved by the people as one of her colleagues said. As a trade unionist leader she proposed radical measures, for example, better economic conditions for teachers, workers’ power, weapons for the working class under President
275:. Elsa's mother, Florinda Encinas San Martín, was from a wealthy family in Oruro. Both her mother and her great aunt, Dorotea Encinas, provided advice and financial help to people who were in need. Therefore, Elsa learned the importance of sharing with others from her mother and her great aunt. The seeds of Elsa's
566:. During a national women’s strike in Switzerland in 1991, she was invited to talk at that event. During that day a street in Fribourg was named after her, “Elsa Cladera de Bravo Strasse”. The experiences of struggle that brought about involuntary exile are clearly important testimonies to her life (1973-2005).,
176:
Representations: Delegate at the “Asamblea del Pueblo” in 1971. Leader of the teachers organization in
Bolivia (1964–1971). Member of the leadership of the “Alianza de Liberación de la Mujer Americana” (ALMA). One of the founders of the “Unión de Mujeres de Bolivia” (UMBO). Representative of UMBO at
377:
She belonged to two women's organizations “Alianza de
Liberación de la Mujer Americana” (ALMA) and “Unión de Mujeres de Bolivia” (UMBO). She was a member of the leadership of ALMA in 1960. She was also among the founders of UMBO and delegate of UMBO to the “Seminario Mundial de la Mujer” (Women's
424:
is evident from her energetic, authoritative and crucial work. Her efforts to create a durable relationship between the teacher's trade union and the central umbrella unions for all workers in
Bolivia: Central Obrera Departamental (COD) of La Paz and
1255:"Federación Nacional de Maestros Urbanos de Bolivia. VIIIo Congreso Nacional Ordinario de Maestros Urbanos de Bolivia. Informe de la primera comisión revisora del informe del Comité Central de la Federación Nacional de Maestros urbanos de Bolivia",
1207:" Federación Nacional de Maestros Urbanos de Bolivia. VIIIo Congreso Nacional Ordinario de Maestros Urbanos de Bolivia. Informe de la primera comisión revisora del informe del Comité Central de la Federación Nacional de Maestros urbanos de Bolivia",
699:
294:
in Oruro around 1942-1952 were a further factor in raising Elsa's political and social consciousness. During this time Elsa had watched the miners’ demonstrations as they came down from the mines around Oruro voicing their demands for
510:
Recognized by the workers of the trade unions as a combatant trade unionist, she was appointed as COD’S delegate to the “Asamblea del pueblo” in 1971. She was one of the five women among the two hundred and eleven delegates.
1678:
652:
1591:
726:
299:. Elsa attended left groups with other young people where they discussed workers’ power, social and political justice. She was then able to fully appreciate the nature of the demands of the miners.
535:
in Chile (1973). During the long period that she was forced to live outside
Bolivia, she never flagged in her outspoken condemnation of the abuses in Bolivia and other Latin American countries.
1394:
1641:
814:
1682:
656:
1595:
730:
1181:
Cladera de Bravo, Elsa, "Palabras de Elsa de Bravo, Secretaria de
Relaciones de la Central Obrera Departamental ante el Tercer Congreso", La Paz, July 27, 1968,
1194:
Central Única de
Trabajadores de Chile (CUT): "Convenio CUT- Universidad de Chile, Escuela Sindical. Certificado de Asistencia", Santiago de chile, 31 May 1969
392:
UMBO is a national organization of an anti-imperialistic and anti-feudal nature through involvement in the struggle for peoples’ liberation, for their right to
1753:
1650:
1130:
788:
433:
government (1970-1971) and this posture so enthralled a colleague from
Venezuela that she was given the name “Maestra de profesión y revolución”.
1748:
445:
In 1967 she was COD's “Secretaria de
Relaciones”. In this period her work consisted of reorganizing the trade unions that were outlawed under
353:
1743:
1473:
1441:
370:
in national and international development would only come about through social struggle and that without such participation on the part of
401:
339:
1582:
41:
1630:
1565:
1458:
1020:
607:
63:
34:
546:
to participate in a conference during the solidarity week together with members of the
Bolivian resistance. During her visits to
1427:
367:
335:
268:
1583:"Presentación del libro Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución, de Elsa nadezhda Bravo Cladera (21/03/2013)"
891:
1108:
1010:
835:
342:
as well as a teacher. The first time Elsa caught sight of
Fernando was when he was leading a demonstration protesting the
1611:
408:, for promoting rights and opportunities for women equal to those of men in the administration and affairs of state.
1354:
Cladera de Bravo, Elsa "Discurso de Elsa Cladera de Bravo en la Huelga Femenina en Suiza", Fribourg, 14 June 1991,
45:
426:
386:
381:
The policies of ALMA included propagating for women's emancipation and equal political rights, the defense of
302:
228:
1654:
1134:
792:
350:(1942). It was love at first sight and they eventually married in 1943 and later they had three daughters.
195:
1380:
Koller, Marco, "Biografie einer Frauenrechtlerin, die von Bolivien über Chile nach Freiburg flüchtete",
442:
In November the same year she was “Secretaria Ejecutiva de la Federación de Maestros Urbanos de Bolivia”.
439:
In July 1964 she was “Secretaria de Vinculación Sindical de la Federación de Maestros urbanos de La Paz”.
929:
Steven Sándor John, De Prinkipo a Pulacayo: consideraciones sobre la historia del trotskismo boliviano,
527:
in Bolivia (1971), Elsa was forced into exile, first in Chile and then later in Switzerland following
279:
were sown both by the quest for justice on the part of her father and by the generosity of her mother.
1738:
1733:
457:
397:
311:
185:
558:
from Bolivia living in many different towns and cities. She founded branch organizations of UMBO in
1704:
764:
502:
Since 1979 she has been named one of the “Maestros meritorios” (Meritorious’ Teachers) in Bolivia.
430:
331:
271:
and the first vice-chancellor there. When young, Elsa had worked as her father's assistant at the
1492:
393:
382:
207:(María Rosaura Elsa Cladera Encinas de Bravo Spanish pronunciation). (1922–2005) was a Bolivian
446:
1587:
Fuentes, Revista de la Biblioteca y Archivo Histórico de la Asamblea Nacional. La Paz, Bolivia.
1626:
1561:
1469:
1454:
1437:
1016:
603:
453:
286:
Elsa and her parents. Carlos Cladera Zelada, Elsa Cladera Encinas, Florinda Encinas San Martín
87:
995:
Klein, Herbert S.(1971) "Prelude to the revolution". In James Malloy and Pichard Thom (eds.)
1642:"Presentación del libro 'Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución' en Suiza"
532:
276:
1395:"Presentación del libro Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución, en Suiza"
1155:"Taped conversation with Elsa cladera de Bravo, Name of the tape: ECBTCG4, Fribourg, 1980,
282:
1530:
310:
A third factor that consolidated her social and political awareness was her meeting with
1592:"Biografie einer Frauenrechtlerin, die von Bolivien über Chile nach Freiburg flüchtete"
727:"Biografie einer Frauenrechtlerin, die von Bolivien über Chile nach Freiburg flüchtete"
578:
296:
264:
244:
111:
92:
Elsa Cladera de Bravo, in November 1964. (Photo: Elsa Cladera de Bravo Archives (ECBA))
40:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
1424:
Esbozo Monográfico de la Facultad de Economía. 1938 - Año de las Bodas de Plata - 1963
966:
Esbozo Monográfico de la Facultad de, Economía. 1938- Año de las Bodas de Plata - 1963
1727:
524:
495:
In 1970 she was COBs delegate to the first Pedagogy Congress for teachers in Bolivia.
421:
327:
256:
357:
Fernando Bravo James as young man. The photo was taken probably in the 1925 or later
456:. This seminar was organized by “Central Única de Trabajadores de Chile” (CUT) and
405:
260:
678:
452:
In 1969 she was COBs delegate to the Seminar of Latin American Trade Unionists in
1620:
895:
208:
165:
137:
856:
559:
489:
417:
323:
319:
263:
Company. Elsa's grandfather, Froilán Cladera Cabanero, was the founder of the
1446:
1015:. Vicepresidencia del Estado de Bolivia-Centro de Investigaciones Sociales.
547:
485:
461:
259:. He was among the pioneers who were in favor of the nationalization of the
243:
Both of Elsa Cladera Encinas’ parents belonged to well known families in
315:
374:
it would in reality be impossible to reach genuine national independence.
1281:"Letter from Elsa cladera de Bravo", Santiago de Chile, 10 January 1972,
750:
Oporto Ordoñez, Luis, "Elsa Cladera, maestra de profesión y revolución",
704:
555:
528:
469:
343:
272:
227:, delegate at the "Asamblea del Pueblo" in 1971, engaged in the work for
220:
212:
133:
574:
563:
481:
477:
224:
161:
115:
435:
The following are some of the posts she held as a trade union leader:
1534:
1518:
1496:
1320:
Cladera de Bravo, Elsa, "Situación de Bolivia", Turin, October 1975,
551:
520:
465:
347:
291:
248:
216:
149:
506:
Representative at the ”Asamblea del Pueblo” (Peoples’ Assembly) 1971
1555:
597:
1081:"Bases y fines para la organización femenina", La Paz, July 1958,
543:
539:
473:
371:
352:
301:
281:
252:
1616:
Letras bolivianas, online. Elsa Cladera de Bravo's life and work.
1367:
Favarger, Alain, "L'exile suisse d'une sindicaliste bolivienne",
1294:"Letter from Elsa Cladera de Bravo", Altstätten, 5 November 1973
1094:"Estatutos de Unión de Mujeres de Bolivia", La Paz, circa 1952,
1043:
1466:
Bolivia's Radical Tradition. Permanent Revolution in the Andes
918:
Bolivia's Radical Tradition: Permanent Revolution in the Andes
679:"La escuela latinoamericana Elsa Cladera de Bravo en Friburgo"
18:
857:"Renuevan compromiso con Facultad de Derecho en sus 121 años"
1307:"Letter from Elsa Cladera de Bravo", Turin, 9 October 1975,
933:, Año IX, no 17, pp. 99-120, septiembre de 2020-febrero 2021
630:
Bibliothèque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine.
815:"Elsa cladera de Bravo . Maestra de profesión y revolución"
1705:"Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución"
1012:
Capitalismo, modernización y resistencia popular 1825-1952
632:"Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución"
1332:"Letter from Elsa Cladera de Bravo", Fribourg, May 1978,
306:
Elsa Cladera Encinas as a young girl in Oruro, about 1940
1434:
Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución
878:
Elsa Cladera de Bravo. Maestra de profesión y revolución
1622:
Elsa Cladera de Bravo:maestra de profesión y revolución
498:
In 1971 she was CODs delegate at “Asamblea del Pueblo”.
460:. She was the only women among all the delegates from
1268:"La mujer estuvo presente en la Asamblea del Pueblo",
1220:"La mujer estuvo presente en la Asamblea del Pueblo",
999:, Pittsburg University of Pittsburgh Press, pp. 25-52.
33:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
1679:"Publican biografía de una dirigente del magisterio"
653:"Publican biografía de una dirigente del magisterio"
378:
World's Conference) that was held in Chile in 1972.
16:
Bolivian trade union leader and educator (1922–2005)
191:
181:
172:
156:
144:
122:
97:
78:
8:
1109:"Elsa Cladera de Bravo y la lucha sindical"
1009:Ostria, Gustavo Rodríguez (6 August 2014).
247:. Her father, Carlos Cladera Zelada was a
86:
75:
997:Beyond the Revolution. Bolivia since 1952
920:. The University of Arizona Press, p. 92.
290:The working and living conditions of the
64:Learn how and when to remove this message
1670:
1345:Bravo Cladera, N. (2013), pp. 180, 181;
1168:"Maestros eligieron nuevos dirigentes"
836:"Alma Mater de la ilustración de Oruro"
700:"Escuelita Latinoamericana de Friburgo"
588:
1612:"Vida y obra de Elsa Cladera de Bravo"
968:. Universidad Técnica de Oruro, p.92.
366:Elsa affirmed that effective women's
7:
1418:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1356:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1334:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1322:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1296:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1283:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1196:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1183:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1157:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1083:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo (AECB)
1754:Bolivian expatriates in Switzerland
1468:. The University of Arizona Press.
554:(1973-1993) she regularly met with
531:’s military coup against President
1233:"Galería de Maestros meritorios",
1044:"Kalender 2007 Wegbereiterinnen V"
880:. La Paz Correveidile, pp. 27-29.
177:the Women's World Conference 1972.
14:
1651:"Lehrerin, Gewerkschaflerin 1922"
1131:"Lehrerin, Gewerkschaflerin 1922"
789:"Lehrerin, Gewerkschaflerin 1922"
1554:Cladera, Nadezhda Bravo (2013).
1246:Bravo Cladera, N.(2013), p. 121;
596:Cladera, Nadezhda Bravo (2013).
44:. Please discuss further on the
23:
1432:Bravo Cladera, Nadezhda (2013)
340:Universidad Mayor de San Andrés
198:, Emma Bolshia, María Alexandra
1637:Stanford University Libraries.
1371:, Fribourg, 4–5 December 1982.
1072:John, S. Sándor (2009), p. 311
977:Dunkerley, James (1987), p.38;
239:Social and political awareness
1:
1749:Bolivian expatriates in Chile
1422:Barrón Feraudi, Jorge (1963)
1309:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo
1096:Archive Elsa Cladera de Bravo
986:John, S. Sándor (2009), p.166
964:Barrón Feraudi, Jorge (1963)
942:John, S. Sándor (2009), p. 77
890:Internationella Biblioteket.
361:
1744:Bolivian trade union leaders
1428:Universidad Técnica de Oruro
1384:, Fribourg, 2 November 2015.
1063:Bravo Cladera (2013), p. 88.
336:Universidad Técnica de Oruro
318:1912-La Paz 1962). He was a
269:Universidad Técnica de Oruro
1172:, La Paz, 18 November 1964.
538:In 1975 she was invited to
255:of Oruro and member of the
1770:
1237:, La Paz, 10 October 1979.
1646:ae allevents.in Friburgo.
1511:, Fribourg, December 1982
1505:, Fribourg, November 2015
1489:, La Paz, June -July 1979
1272:, La Paz, June–July 1971.
1224:, La Paz, June–July 1971.
876:Bravo Cladera, N. (2013)
85:
1527:, La Paz, June–July 1971
1436:. La Paz, Correveidile.
951:Dunkerley, James (1987)
892:"Med törst för rättvisa"
754:, La Paz, 17 March 2013.
427:Central Obrera Boliviana
387:equal pay for equal work
148:“Cementerio General” in
1607:Freiburger Nachrichten.
1543:, La Paz, November 1964
1464:John, S. Sándor (2009)
955:. La Paz, Plural, p. 41
916:Jonh, S. Sándor (2009)
1625:. CORREVEIDILE. 2013.
1503:Freiburger Nachrichten
1382:Freiburger Nachrichten
1259:, La Paz, 18 May 1971;
1211:, La Paz, 18 May 1971;
358:
307:
287:
1541:Tribuna Universitaria
1451:Rebelión en las venas
1170:Tribuna Universitaria
953:Rebelión en las venas
362:Women's participation
356:
305:
285:
205:Elsa Cladera de Bravo
80:Elsa Cladera de Bravo
42:neutral point of view
1657:on 10 September 2014
1137:on 10 September 2014
795:on 10 September 2014
458:Universidad de Chile
416:Testimony of Elsa's
398:foreign intervention
312:Fernando Bravo James
229:women's emancipation
186:Fernando Bravo James
385:and the demand for
332:university lecturer
1453:. La Paz, Plural.
412:Trade union leader
404:, for respect for
394:self determination
383:universal suffrage
359:
308:
288:
1474:978-0-8165-2764-9
454:Santiago de Chile
202:
201:
74:
73:
66:
37:with its subject.
1761:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1681:. Archived from
1675:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1653:. Archived from
1645:
1636:
1615:
1614:. 21 March 2013.
1606:
1604:
1603:
1594:. Archived from
1586:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1442:978-99954-830-29
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1133:. Archived from
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1105:
1099:
1092:
1086:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1006:
1000:
993:
987:
984:
978:
975:
969:
962:
956:
949:
943:
940:
934:
927:
921:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
894:. Archived from
887:
881:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
791:. Archived from
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
769:
761:
755:
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
729:. Archived from
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
675:
669:
668:
666:
664:
655:. Archived from
649:
643:
642:
640:
638:
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
593:
533:Salvador Allende
431:Juan José Torres
402:internal affairs
277:social awareness
223:organisation in
129:
108:February 3, 1922
107:
105:
90:
76:
69:
62:
58:
55:
49:
35:close connection
27:
26:
19:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1685:on 4 March 2016
1677:
1676:
1672:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1633:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1550:
1449:, James (1987)
1414:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1008:
1007:
1003:
994:
990:
985:
981:
976:
972:
963:
959:
950:
946:
941:
937:
928:
924:
915:
911:
901:
899:
898:on 14 July 2020
889:
888:
884:
875:
871:
861:
859:
855:
854:
850:
840:
838:
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
787:
786:
782:
772:
770:
767:
763:
762:
758:
749:
745:
736:
734:
725:
724:
720:
710:
708:
698:
697:
693:
683:
681:
677:
676:
672:
662:
660:
659:on 4 March 2016
651:
650:
646:
636:
634:
629:
628:
624:
614:
612:
610:
595:
594:
590:
586:
572:
517:
508:
447:René Barrientos
434:
414:
364:
241:
236:
140:
131:
127:
118:
109:
103:
101:
93:
81:
70:
59:
53:
50:
39:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1696:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1647:
1638:
1631:
1617:
1608:
1588:
1579:
1566:
1549:
1548:External links
1546:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1462:
1444:
1430:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1386:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1338:
1325:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1248:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1174:
1161:
1148:
1122:
1111:. 8 March 2014
1100:
1087:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1035:
1021:
1001:
988:
979:
970:
957:
944:
935:
922:
909:
882:
869:
848:
827:
806:
780:
756:
743:
718:
691:
670:
644:
622:
608:
587:
585:
582:
571:
568:
516:
513:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
493:
450:
443:
440:
413:
410:
363:
360:
297:social justice
265:Faculty of Law
240:
237:
235:
232:
200:
199:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:Known for
170:
169:
158:
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:
132:
130:(aged 83)
124:
120:
119:
110:
99:
95:
94:
91:
83:
82:
79:
72:
71:
54:September 2014
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1766:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:9789995483029
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1598:on 2019-05-31
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1569:
1567:9789995483029
1563:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:99905-75-19-3
1456:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1024:
1022:9789995481698
1018:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
983:
980:
974:
971:
967:
961:
958:
954:
948:
945:
939:
936:
932:
926:
923:
919:
913:
910:
897:
893:
886:
883:
879:
873:
870:
858:
852:
849:
837:
831:
828:
816:
810:
807:
794:
790:
784:
781:
766:
760:
757:
753:
747:
744:
733:on 2019-05-31
732:
728:
722:
719:
707:
706:
701:
695:
692:
680:
674:
671:
658:
654:
648:
645:
633:
626:
623:
611:
609:9789995483029
605:
601:
600:
592:
589:
583:
581:
580:
576:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:military coup
522:
514:
512:
505:
503:
497:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
444:
441:
438:
437:
436:
432:
428:
423:
422:working class
419:
411:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
379:
375:
373:
369:
368:participation
355:
351:
349:
346:of miners in
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:revolutionary
325:
321:
317:
313:
304:
300:
298:
293:
284:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Supreme Court
254:
250:
246:
238:
233:
231:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
197:
196:Elsa Nadezhda
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
157:Occupation(s)
155:
151:
147:
145:Resting place
143:
139:
135:
126:June 27, 2005
125:
121:
117:
113:
100:
96:
89:
84:
77:
68:
65:
57:
47:
43:
38:
36:
30:
21:
20:
1711:. Retrieved
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1673:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1621:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1571:. Retrieved
1556:
1540:
1537:, March 2013
1531:Página Siete
1524:
1521:, March 2013
1514:
1508:
1502:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1465:
1450:
1433:
1423:
1417:
1398:. Retrieved
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1103:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1011:
1004:
996:
991:
982:
973:
965:
960:
952:
947:
938:
930:
925:
917:
912:
900:. Retrieved
896:the original
885:
877:
872:
860:. Retrieved
851:
839:. Retrieved
830:
818:. Retrieved
809:
797:. Retrieved
793:the original
783:
771:. Retrieved
759:
752:Página Siete
751:
746:
735:. Retrieved
731:the original
721:
709:. Retrieved
703:
694:
682:. Retrieved
673:
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
647:
635:. Retrieved
625:
613:. Retrieved
598:
591:
573:
537:
518:
509:
501:
449:(1964-1969).
415:
406:human rights
391:
380:
376:
365:
309:
289:
261:Standard Oil
242:
204:
203:
160:Meritorious
128:(2005-06-27)
60:
51:
32:
1739:2005 deaths
1734:1922 births
211:leader and
209:trade union
166:Trade Union
138:Switzerland
1728:Categories
1713:15 January
1602:2015-12-13
1509:La Liberté
1499:, May 1971
1481:Newspapers
1369:La Liberté
1028:15 October
841:14 October
773:15 January
737:2015-12-13
711:8 December
584:References
560:Gothenburg
490:Costa Rica
418:solidarity
396:, against
324:Trotskyite
320:politician
104:1922-02-03
1689:14 August
1515:La Prensa
1493:El Diario
1447:Dunkerley
1400:14 August
1257:El Diario
1209:El Diario
820:17 August
765:"Fuentes"
663:14 August
548:Stockholm
486:Venezuela
462:Argentina
420:with the
234:Biography
152:, Bolivia
46:talk page
1661:22 April
1573:4 August
1525:Rebelión
1270:Rebelión
1222:Rebelión
1141:22 April
1049:21 April
931:Archivos
902:7 August
862:20 April
799:22 April
705:Facebook
684:20 April
570:See also
556:refugees
529:Pinochet
470:Colombia
344:massacre
338:and the
273:tribunal
221:teachers
213:educator
192:Children
134:Fribourg
1412:Sources
1115:8 March
1098:(AECB).
637:5 March
615:5 April
575:Bolivia
564:Uppsala
478:Ecuador
334:at the
267:at the
225:Bolivia
219:of the
162:Teacher
116:Bolivia
1629:
1564:
1557:Libris
1535:La Paz
1519:La Paz
1497:La Paz
1472:
1457:
1440:
1311:(AECB)
1019:
606:
599:Libris
552:Sweden
521:Banzer
519:After
466:Brasil
348:Catavi
316:Potosí
292:miners
249:lawyer
217:leader
182:Spouse
168:Leader
150:La Paz
1708:(PDF)
768:(PDF)
579:Oruro
544:Italy
540:Turin
515:Exile
474:Chile
372:women
253:mayor
245:Oruro
112:Oruro
1715:2017
1691:2016
1663:2014
1627:ISBN
1575:2020
1562:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1402:2016
1143:2014
1117:2014
1051:2014
1030:2017
1017:ISBN
904:2020
864:2014
843:2012
822:2021
801:2014
775:2017
713:2021
686:2014
665:2020
639:2020
617:2016
604:ISBN
562:and
488:and
482:Perú
330:, a
326:, a
322:, a
123:Died
98:Born
1487:ABC
1235:ABC
523:’s
400:in
1730::
1560:.
1533:,
1517:,
1495:,
1426:.
702:.
602:.
577:,
550:,
542:,
484:,
480:,
476:,
472:,
468:,
464:,
389:.
251:,
215:,
164:,
136:,
114:,
1717:.
1693:.
1665:.
1644:.
1635:.
1605:.
1585:.
1577:.
1476:.
1461:.
1404:.
1358:.
1336:.
1298:.
1285:.
1198:.
1185:.
1159:.
1145:.
1119:.
1085:.
1053:.
1032:.
906:.
866:.
845:.
824:.
803:.
777:.
740:.
715:.
688:.
667:.
641:.
619:.
492:.
314:(
106:)
102:(
67:)
61:(
56:)
52:(
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
