1100:
630:
706:
588:
1225:
960:
1196:
1167:
932:
422:
335:
414:
1044:
280:
1331:
904:
489:
1072:
1263:
116:
1953:
P. C. Sereno, A. L. Beck, D. B. Dutheil, B. Gado, H. C. E. Larsson, G. H. Lyon, J. D. Marcot, O. W. M. Rauhut, R. W. Sadleir, C. A. Sidor, D. D. Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, and J. A. Wilson. 1998. A long-snouted predatory dinosaur from Africa and the evolution of spinosaurids. Science
429:
Gadoufaoua is very hot and dry. However, it is supposed that millions of years ago, Gadoufaoua had trees, plants, and wide rivers. The river covered the remains of dead animals, the fossilized remains of which were protected by the drying rivers over millions of years.
1516:
S. Wenz. 1999. Pliodetes nigeriensis, gen. nov. et. sp. nov., a new semionotid fish from the Lower
Cretaceous of Gadoufaoua (Niger Republic): phylogenetic comments. In G. Arratia & H.-P. Schultz (ed.), Mesozoic Fishes 2—Systematics and Fossil Record
1494:
Federico Fanti, Gabriele
Larocca Conte, Luana Angelicola, Andrea Cau, 2016. "Why so many dipnoans? A multidisciplinary approach on the Lower Cretaceous lungfish record from Tunisia." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 449: 255-265.
1413:
N. Tabaste. 1963. Étude derestes de poissons du Crétacé saharien . Mélanges
Ichthyologiques Dédiés à la Mémoire d’Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865). Mémoires de l’Institute Français d’Afrique Noire 68:437-485
1947:(Pleurodira: Araripemydidae), from the Elrhaz Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Niger. In D. B. Brinkman, P. A. Holroyd, J. D. Gardner (eds.), Morphology and Evolution of Turtles 215–250
326:, about 125 to 112 million years ago. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, alongside those of multiple species of crocodyliformes.
1504:
M. Martin. 1982. Nouvelles données sur la phylogénie et la systématique des dipneustes postpaléozoïques . Comptes
Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, SĂ©rie II 294:611-614
2002:
1607:
F. de Broin. 1980. Les tortues de
Gadoufaoua (Aptien du Niger); aperçu sur la Paléobiogéographie des Pelomedusidae (Pleurodira). Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France
1530:
1554:"The African Aptian Francemys gadoufaouaensis gen. et sp. nov.: New data on the early diversification of Pelomedusoides (Testudines, Pleurodira) in northern Gondwana"
1422:
Martin, M., 1984. RĂ©vision des
Arganodontidés et des Néocératodontidés (Dipnoi, Ceratodontiformes) du Crétacé africain. Neues Jb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 169, 225–260.
356:
1940:
H. C. E. Larsson and B. Gado. 2000. A new Early
Cretaceous crocodyliform from Niger. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 217(1):131-141
1734:
Sereno, P. (2017). "Early
Cretaceous ornithomimosaurs (Dinosauria: Coelurosauria) from Africa". Ameghiniana. 54 (5): 576–616. doi:10.5710/AMGH.23.10.2017.3155.
1972:
1347:
1967:
1479:
1779:
Rauhut, O.W.M. (2003). "The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs". Special Papers in
Palaeontology 69: 1-213.
1912:
1856:
1997:
410:
in 1997, for example), including vertebrae, limb bones, armor plates, jaws, and a nearly complete 6 feet (1.8 m) skull.
1622:"Identification of the Lower Cretaceous pleurodiran turtle Taquetochelys decorata as the only African araripemydid species"
1987:
1864:
1444:
186:
1992:
1977:
193:
232:
1431:
Kemp, A. 1998. Skull structure in post-paleozoic lungfish. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(1): 43-63.
605:
1099:
1857:"Basal abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation of Niger"
1982:
634:
398:
629:
159:
1950:
P. C. Sereno and H. C. E. Larsson. 2009. Cretaceous crocodyliformes from the Sahara. ZooKeys 28:1-143
1811:
1565:
1376:
129:
1937:, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Africa. GĂ©obios 15(2):147-159
1898:
1890:
791:
705:
308:
139:
1357:
1839:
1689:"68.1 Departement D'Agedez, Niger; 1. Elrhaz Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 572
830:
766:
679:
1908:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1802:
1643:
1583:
1475:
1873:
1819:
1633:
1573:
323:
149:
28:
1224:
353:
for "the place where camels fear to go") is a site within the Elrhaz Formation (located at
1352:
959:
569:
532:
350:
1815:
1569:
1323:
1251:
970:
931:
805:
780:
698:
654:
587:
446:
225:
1195:
1961:
1025:
999:
914:
860:
715:
507:
74:
24:
1531:
Phylogenetic interrelationships of ginglymodian fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii)
1469:
777:"Shell of a juvenile individual and several articulated and disarticulated plates."
1894:
1166:
1082:
694:
598:
1578:
1553:
1902:
1474:. Internet Archive. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press.
1400:"On the dinosaurian and crocodilian locality of Gadoufaoua (Republic of Niger)" (
1852:
1793:
1308:
1177:
1054:
942:
886:
614:
545:
421:
407:
339:
334:
316:
49:
1638:
1621:
1043:
413:
1401:
1235:
810:
741:
94:
59:
1647:
1587:
371:
358:
247:
234:
208:
195:
1823:
1330:
1283:
1160:
1145:
1119:
903:
554:
403:
174:
99:
43:
32:
1846:
1831:
488:
1877:
1796:; Larsson, H. C.; Sidor, C. A.; Gado, B. (2001), "The giant crocodyliform
1071:
1377:
SCIENCE IN THE NEWS - Nov. 13: Digest - 12 November 2001 Voice of America
1206:
89:
84:
69:
64:
54:
1262:
471:
115:
104:
79:
393:
385:
295:
267:
36:
1404:). From Mr. Philippe Taquet (1970), presented by Mr. Jean Piveteau.
628:
420:
412:
389:
333:
312:
285:
1943:
P. C. Sereno and S. J. ElShafie. 2013. A New Long-Necked Turtle,
1156:"caudal vertebrae, chevrons and portions of the right hind limb"
558:
by M. Martin (1984) and reassigned by Kemp (1998) to the genus
1907:, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880,
1329:
1261:
1223:
1194:
1165:
1098:
1070:
1042:
958:
930:
902:
704:
586:
487:
1471:
Dinosaur impressions : postcards from a paleontologist
802:
A few disarticulated plates and nearly complete skeleton.
1255:, is considered either a separate species or a synonym to
783:
turtle. Named in honour of France de Lapparent de Broin.
1114:
994:
855:
690:
Skull and postcranial material including body scales.
1725:"Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 417.
1716:"Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.
1707:"Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 415.
1770:"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 72.
1761:"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2008). Page 72.
1752:"Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
1615:
1613:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1445:"Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database"
1065:"Partial skull, fragmentary postcranial skeleton."
291:
273:
263:
224:
185:
180:
170:
165:
155:
145:
135:
125:
18:
1439:
1437:
808:turtle, similar in shell size to South American
1249:A second, spinosaurid found in the formation,
8:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
2003:Cretaceous paleontological sites of Africa
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
114:
15:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1637:
1577:
1188:"Partial skull and postcranial remains."
841:"Several relatively complete skeletons."
120:Outcrops of the formation near Gadoufaoua
1525:
1523:
1348:List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
1282:
1277:
1217:Postcranial skeleton and partial skull.
1117:
1093:"Skull and poscrania, second skeleton."
997:
858:
737:
650:
503:
442:
425:The claw of Spinosaur from the formation
1512:
1510:
1369:
1246:Partial skull and associated skeleton.
1552:PĂ©rez-GarcĂa, Adán (1 October 2019).
953:"Partial skeletons, numerous skulls"
7:
1933:P. M. Galton and P. Taquet. 1982.
396:graveyard. It is where remains of
14:
1973:Upper Cretaceous Series of Africa
1800:from the Cretaceous of Africa",
1495:DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.024
278:
1855:; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2008),
617:fish. Originally described as
548:fish. Originally described as
1:
1865:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1579:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.003
417:Dinosaurs of Elrhaz formation
338:Reconstructed skeleton of an
1968:Geologic formations of Niger
322:Its strata date back to the
226:Approximate paleocoordinates
1904:The Dinosauria, 2nd edition
1743:Sereno & Brusatte, 2008
1620:PĂ©rez-GarcĂa, Adán (2018).
1319:Skull and skeletal remains
693:Originally thought to be a
2019:
1639:10.1016/j.crpv.2018.04.004
1529:A. LĂłpez-Arbarello. 2012.
1468:Taquet, Philippe (1998).
740:
653:
506:
445:
113:
23:
925:"Nearly complete skull"
897:"Nearly complete skull"
392:known for its extensive
1824:10.1126/science.1066521
822:by PĂ©rez-GarcĂa, 2018.
1626:Comptes Rendus Palevol
1334:
1266:
1228:
1199:
1170:
1103:
1075:
1047:
963:
935:
907:
709:
639:
591:
550:Ceratodus tiguidiensis
492:
426:
418:
343:
1998:Paleontology in Niger
1878:10.4202/app.2008.0102
1333:
1265:
1227:
1198:
1169:
1102:
1074:
1046:
962:
934:
906:
818:was synonymysed with
708:
635:Neoceratodus forsteri
632:
590:
491:
434:Vertebrate paleofauna
424:
416:
402:, popularly known as
399:Sarcosuchus imperator
337:
1988:Sandstone formations
1945:Laganemys tenerensis
1891:Weishampel, David B.
1191:Carcharodontosaurid
816:Laganemys tenerensis
697:, later assigned to
625:by M. Martin, 1982.
130:Geological formation
1816:2001Sci...294.1516S
1810:(5546): 1516–1519,
1698:Sereno et al., 2011
1570:2019CrRes.102..112P
1558:Cretaceous Research
1449:www.fossilworks.org
1279:
619:Ceratodus africanus
368: /
244: /
205: /
25:Stratigraphic range
1358:Romualdo Formation
1335:
1278:
1267:
1229:
1200:
1171:
1104:
1076:
1048:
964:
936:
908:
773:F. gadoufaouaensis
710:
640:
638:, a modern species
592:
493:
427:
419:
344:
342:from the formation
1899:OsmĂłlska, Halszka
1481:978-0-521-58372-5
1339:
1338:
1271:
1270:
1108:
1107:
988:
987:
849:
848:
814:(20–30 cm).
731:
730:
644:
643:
583:A small species.
497:
496:
406:, were found (by
301:
300:
2010:
1993:Fluvial deposits
1978:Cretaceous Niger
1923:
1922:
1921:
1886:
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1884:
1861:
1834:
1780:
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1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
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1735:
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1714:
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1699:
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1690:
1687:
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1608:
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1592:
1591:
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1549:
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1518:
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1505:
1502:
1496:
1492:
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1485:
1465:
1459:
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1441:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1379:
1374:
1280:
1115:
995:
856:
738:
651:
504:
443:
383:
382:
380:
379:
378:
373:
372:16.833°N 9.417°E
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
324:Early Cretaceous
307:is a geological
305:Elrhaz Formation
284:
282:
281:
259:
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256:
255:
254:
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241:
240:
237:
220:
219:
217:
216:
215:
210:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
160:Tazolé Formation
150:Echkar Formation
118:
109:
46:
29:Early Cretaceous
19:Elrhaz Formation
16:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1958:
1957:
1930:
1928:Further reading
1919:
1917:
1915:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1859:
1853:Sereno, Paul C.
1851:
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1778:
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1453:
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1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1382:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1353:Crato Formation
1344:
1276:
1113:
993:
861:Crocodyliformes
854:
852:Crocodyliformes
736:
649:
560:Asiatoceratodus
539:A. tiguidiensis
533:Asiatoceratodus
502:
441:
436:
376:
374:
370:
367:
362:
359:
357:
355:
354:
332:
279:
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5:
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2014:
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1887:
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1785:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1763:
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1691:
1653:
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1535:
1519:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1480:
1460:
1433:
1424:
1415:
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1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1324:rebbachisaurid
1320:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1252:Cristatusaurus
1247:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1173:
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1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:O. nigeriensis
1086:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:E. nigeriensis
1029:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:Ornithischians
992:
991:Ornithischians
989:
986:
985:
983:
981:
979:
974:
971:Stolokrosuchus
966:
965:
956:
954:
951:
946:
938:
937:
928:
926:
923:
918:
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795:
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761:
758:
755:
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749:
745:
744:
735:
732:
729:
728:
726:
724:
722:
721:Indeterminate
719:
712:
711:
702:
699:Lepisosteoidei
691:
688:
686:P. nigeriensis
683:
675:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
655:Actinopterygii
648:
647:Actinopterygii
645:
642:
641:
626:
621:, assigned to
612:
611:Tooth plates.
609:
602:
594:
593:
584:
581:
579:
574:
566:
565:
563:
552:, assigned to
543:
541:
536:
528:
527:
524:
521:
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511:
510:
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498:
495:
494:
485:
483:
482:Dorsal spines
480:
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467:
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463:
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457:
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449:
447:Chondrichthyes
440:
439:Chondrichthyes
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1963:
1954:282:1298-1302
1952:
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1936:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1916:
1914:0-520-24209-2
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1895:Dodson, Peter
1892:
1888:
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1867:
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1844:
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1833:
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1821:
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1809:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1794:Sereno, P. C.
1791:
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1507:
1501:
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1488:
1483:
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1473:
1472:
1464:
1461:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:S. tenerensis
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:A. tenerensis
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1039:A dryosaurid
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1026:Elrhazosaurus
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
990:
984:
982:
980:
978:
977:S. lapparenti
975:
973:
972:
968:
967:
961:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:
940:
939:
933:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:
915:Araripesuchus
912:
911:
905:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:
884:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
857:
851:
845:
843:
840:
838:
837:T. lapparenti
835:
833:
832:
828:
827:
824:
821:
820:Taquetochelys
817:
813:
812:
807:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:
792:Taquetochelys
789:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
743:
739:
733:
727:
725:
723:
720:
717:
716:Pycnodontidae
714:
713:
707:
703:
700:
696:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
681:
677:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
656:
652:
646:
637:
636:
631:
627:
624:
620:
616:
613:
610:
608:
607:
603:
601:
600:
596:
595:
589:
585:
582:
580:
578:
577:M. tegamensis
575:
573:
572:
568:
567:
564:
561:
557:
556:
551:
547:
544:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:
530:
529:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:Sarcopterygii
505:
500:Sarcopterygii
499:
490:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
473:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
448:
444:
438:
433:
431:
423:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
381:
377:16.833; 9.417
352:
348:
341:
336:
329:
327:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
297:
296:Tenere desert
294:
290:
287:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
257:
229:
227:
223:
218:
190:
188:
184:
179:
176:
173:
169:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
117:
112:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
42:125–112
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
17:
1983:Albian Stage
1944:
1934:
1918:, retrieved
1903:
1881:, retrieved
1869:
1863:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1787:Bibliography
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1629:
1625:
1561:
1557:
1500:
1490:
1470:
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1372:
1314:
1307:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1220:Abelisaurid
1212:
1205:
1183:
1176:
1151:
1144:
1118:
1088:
1083:Ouranosaurus
1081:
1060:
1053:
1031:
1024:
998:
976:
969:
949:S. imperator
948:
941:
920:
913:
892:
885:
859:
836:
829:
819:
815:
809:
806:Araripemydid
797:
790:
781:Pelomedusoid
772:
765:
685:
678:
633:
623:Neoceratodus
622:
618:
606:N. africanus
604:
599:Neoceratodus
597:
576:
570:
559:
553:
549:
538:
531:
477:
470:
428:
397:
346:
345:
321:
304:
302:
209:16.8°N 9.5°E
140:Tegama Group
1935:Valdosaurus
1798:Sarcosuchus
1564:: 112–126.
1309:Nigersaurus
1178:Eocarcharia
1061:L. arenatus
1055:Lurdusaurus
943:Sarcosuchus
921:A. wegeneri
887:Anatosuchus
798:T. decorata
408:Paul Sereno
375: /
340:anhanguerid
317:West Africa
251: /
248:3.1°N 4.9°E
212: /
187:Coordinates
1962:Categories
1920:2019-02-21
1883:2018-10-06
1533:. PLoS ONE
1454:2022-05-16
1364:References
1315:N. taqueti
1257:Suchomimus
1236:Suchomimus
1213:K. palaios
1036:"Femora."
811:Araripemys
742:Testudines
734:Testudines
695:semionotid
615:Dipnomorph
546:Dipnomorph
388:desert of
347:Gadoufaoua
330:Gadoufaoua
1872:: 15–49,
1840:0036-8075
1648:1631-0683
1632:: 24–32.
1588:0195-6671
1284:Sauropods
1274:Sauropods
1184:E. dinops
1161:Noasaurid
1146:Afromimus
1120:Theropods
1111:Theropods
831:Teneremys
767:Francemys
680:Pliodetes
555:Arganodus
404:SuperCroc
384:) in the
309:formation
214:16.8; 9.5
175:Sandstone
166:Lithology
146:Underlies
33:Barremian
1901:(2004),
1847:11679634
1832:11679634
1342:See also
1296:Material
1207:Kryptops
1133:Material
1013:Material
893:A. minor
874:Material
754:Material
667:Material
571:Mawsonia
520:Material
459:Material
253:3.1; 4.9
181:Location
156:Overlies
1812:Bibcode
1803:Science
1566:Bibcode
1517:107-120
1302:Images
1293:Species
1139:Images
1130:Species
1019:Images
1010:Species
880:Images
871:Species
760:Images
751:Species
718:indet.
673:Images
664:Species
526:Images
517:Species
472:Hybodus
465:Images
456:Species
360:16°50′N
274:Country
197:16°48′N
171:Primary
136:Unit of
1911:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1646:
1586:
1478:
478:H. sp.
394:fossil
386:Tenere
363:9°25′E
351:Tuareg
292:Extent
283:
268:Africa
264:Region
239:4°54′E
236:3°06′N
200:9°30′E
37:Albian
1860:(PDF)
1299:Notes
1290:Genus
1136:Notes
1127:Genus
1016:Notes
1007:Genus
877:Notes
868:Genus
757:Notes
748:Genus
670:Notes
661:Genus
523:Notes
514:Genus
462:Notes
453:Genus
390:Niger
313:Niger
286:Niger
1909:ISBN
1843:PMID
1836:ISSN
1828:PMID
1644:ISSN
1584:ISSN
1476:ISBN
303:The
126:Type
50:Preęž’
1874:doi
1820:doi
1808:294
1634:doi
1574:doi
1562:102
1402:PDF
311:in
39:),
35:to
1964::
1897:;
1893:;
1870:53
1868:,
1862:,
1826:,
1818:,
1806:,
1656:^
1642:.
1630:18
1628:.
1624:.
1612:^
1596:^
1582:.
1572:.
1560:.
1556:.
1538:^
1522:^
1509:^
1447:.
1436:^
1383:^
1326:.
1322:A
1159:A
701:.
562:.
319:.
315:,
100:Pg
44:Ma
27::
1876::
1822::
1814::
1650:.
1636::
1590:.
1576::
1568::
1484:.
1457:.
349:(
105:N
95:K
90:J
85:T
80:P
75:C
70:D
65:S
60:O
55:ęž’
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
