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frontiers of
Bohemia and Moravia". He also promoted the idea of Czech culture as a historic component of Germanic culture. The Czech Women's Center, originally founded during the Second Republic as a group of professional women seeking greater gender equality, operated under Moravec's auspices. It was at his suggestion that it became a leading advocate for nutritional education.
227:
611:, with Prague actively seeking to appease Germany to avoid further territorial losses, Moravec was forced to quit teaching at the military academy. Moreover, he found himself prohibited by the government from writing for newspapers due to concerns that the incendiary, anti-German nature of his editorials would be unduly provocative.
898:. With her he had two sons, Igor (1920-1947) and Jurij (1923-1964). In 1932 he was divorced and, in April that year, married Pavla Szondy, who gave birth to Moravec's third son, Pavel. This marriage also ended in separation, Moravec and Szondy divorcing in 1938. In 1942 Moravec married Jolana Emmerová, his
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to appoint
Moravec as the protectorate's education minister. Unlike other protectorate ministries, the education ministry under Moravec was given a measure of autonomy and not required to report to an overseer in the office of the Reich Protector. As with all protectorate ministers, Moravec's mandate
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being sent abroad. His offer of service was rejected. Moravec was particularly concerned that his earlier denunciations of
Germany, and his reputation as a strident anti-German polemicist, might make him a target of the new regime. He was surprised, therefore, when the new German authorities informed
591:. In that capacity he sought an audience with Beneš during the last week of September, on the eve of the Munich ratification. During a two-hour confrontation with Beneš, Moravec pleaded with the president to declare war against Germany, and not capitulate to German demands. His pleas went unheeded.
543:
Basin was guarded by what he described as the "fortress of
Bohemia" – the land barrier that marked the natural border between eastern and western Europe. If a state were to take Czechoslovakia it would, therefore, control the head of the Danube basin and be free to strike against either France
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of May 1945, Moravec attempted to drive to a radio station under German control in the hope of broadcasting an appeal for calm. When the vehicle he was traveling in ran out of fuel
Moravec dismounted and shot himself in the head with a pistol, presumably to avoid capture. He died four days before
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Czechoslovak agents within the
Wehrmacht alerted the military to the coming German annexation several days in advance. Hours before the arrival of German forces, a cadre of Czechoslovak Army intelligence personnel were ordered to evacuate the country to preserve the continuity of the intelligence
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Nazi hostility to
Freemasonry originated in a belief by Hitler that "through it, Jews sidestepped the racial and legal barriers that marginalized them in European society". Because Freemasonry had no biological component, it was not unusual for Masons to simply stop self-identifying as such as a
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of Europe: "very Czech who desires to excel in the future must acquire the German language so that work opportunities in all fields are open to them not only in the Reich, but also in Europe and the whole world ... learn German in order that the Czechs' good reputation can spread way beyond the
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The Munich
Agreement left Moravec disillusioned with both Western democracies and Beneš' diplomatic competence. According to Moravec, "apostles without courage" had led Czechoslovakia to capitulation. He expressed anger at the government's evocation of national ideals in its announcement of the
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and revolutionary armies. All attempts to smother the old-soldierly character that was in the blood of this people led nowhere. The soppy lemonade of moribund pacifism offered in the fragile glass of the League of
Nations (that was after 1919 already cracked) was enjoyed only by a group of the
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as prime minister. In response to the German ultimatum, Syrový declared that "further concessions from our side are no longer possible"; 42 Czechoslovak divisions were mobilized in preparation for an expected German invasion. By the end of
September, with Czechoslovakia abandoned by France and
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529:. Moravec wrote the preface to a printed edition of one of Masaryk's addresses to the Czechoslovak Army. In it, he signaled his support for the creation of the democratic state of Czechoslovakia that had come out of World War I, as well as his personal loyalty to Masaryk:
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and unlike Igor was privately critical of his father's political views. While serving in France, Jurij was caught drunk on guard duty and sentenced to six months imprisonment and a one grade demotion. At the request of Emanuel Moravec, Frank personally appealed to
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The age of democracy has given us a new man, who has spoken and demanded to be heard in every field of human activity. This new man has given us also a new soldier with new tasks and duties ... No one ... has said so much healthy about the new soldier as President
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agreement, declaring that a state unwilling to defend its ideals should not boast of them in the same way "a whore has no right to boast of her honor". As a further expression of his contempt for the government, he mockingly requested leave to join the army of
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When Masaryk died in 1935, Moravec served as one of the pallbearers at his funeral. In 1938 Moravec warned that "if Czechoslovakia should fall, France would find herself politically on the European periphery". Moravec argued that the head of the
364:
Unlike some officials of the short-lived protectorate government, whose reputations were rehabilitated in whole or in part after the war, Moravec's good reputation did not survive his tenure in office and he has been widely derided as a "Czech
813:("Facts and Errors") Moravec declared that the annexation of the Czech lands to Germany would benefit Czechs "because the Jews have been excluded from the German nation, the agents of capitalism have been rendered powerless in Germany".
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him he could resume writing books and newspaper columns. Moravec returned to writing with gusto and a reoriented editorial line, declaring "our nation could have died in war . Now the whole nation will die of fright and fear".
1051:), titled "Den po Mnichovu (1938)" ("The Day after Munich"). The episode centres on Moravec' fierce opposition to president Beneš' capitulation to the invading German forces, ending with their face-to-face discussion. A
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At this time, as well as holding his army post, Moravec was serving as a member of the Committee for the Defense of the Republic, a nationalist pressure group led by the son of the former Czechoslovak finance minister
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The Czechoslovak Legion, a volunteer unit composed of diaspora Czechs and Slovaks as well as deserters from the Austro-Hungarian Army, had been formed in 1917 to support the Allies; it later became involved in the
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or Poland with ease. Although Moravec was concerned with German political and military aims he generally rejected some of the more extreme aspects of anti-German thought, taking a cautiously receptive approach to
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then reveals Moravec' later conversion to Nazi ideology. The episode suggests an ambivalence between genuine and pathological national pride, also by casting Landa, himself a known and controversial nationalist.
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In 1997 Pernes published a biography of Moravec. He was later criticized for the volume which, it was alleged, was heavily plagiarized from a doctoral dissertation on Moravec's life written by Josef Vytlačil.
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has argued that had Moravec died before March 1939 he would have been remembered as a well-regarded Bohemian patriot; his pre-war record was sufficiently distinguished to earn him a place in history.
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for Czechoslovakia's defeat and declared it was the unwillingness of the elite to confront Germany militarily that demonstrated democracy's moral decay, thereby ultimately justifying its termination:
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interests hitched themselves to Anglo-French strategic interests and, entirely artificially and cunningly, escalated Czech hatred of the German nation to a state of unbounded fury." In
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Both Moravec and his private secretary, Franz Stuchlik, were keen rock collectors. After Moravec's death, his collection was confiscated by the Czechoslovak state and donated to the
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By the time Moravec was given authority for the education ministry, Czech universities had been closed, school textbooks revised, and more than 1,000 student leaders deported to
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as "an enthusiastic collaborator" with Nazi Germany. This contrasts with other protectorate-era officials like Emil Hácha, whom Laughland calls "a tragic figure", or
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consists of "political and cultural history with snippets of memoir". References to this volume used in this article do not draw on the book's "snippets of memoir".
689:, the most popular of his works, Moravec sought to more fully reconcile his support for the Germans with his earlier calls for resistance. He indicted Beneš and the
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Moravec was married three times. His first wife, Helena Georgijevna Beka, whom he met while a prisoner of war in Samarkand, was a close relative of the prominent
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who, in his role as the Berlin-appointed Deputy Protector of Bohemia and Moravia held penultimate day-to-day authority in the protectorate, compelled President
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against what he saw as a rising German threat. Moravec came to be seen as one of Czechoslovakia's leading geopolitical strategists and caught the attention of
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after the establishment of the Protectorate and died in an air raid in 1944. Igor was arrested and executed by hanging at the end of the war on charges of
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Prague in Danger: The Years of German Occupation, 1939–45: Memories and History, Terror and Resistance, Theater and Jazz, Film and Poetry, Politics and War
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Prague in Danger: The Years of German Occupation, 1939–45: Memories and History, Terror and Resistance, Theater and Jazz, Film and Poetry, Politics and War
353:. In the aftermath of the German occupation of the rump Czechoslovakia, he became an enthusiastic collaborator, realigning his political worldview towards
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speaker at several mass rallies throughout the Protectorate. These were intended to demonstrate the opposition of ordinary Czechs to Heydrich's killing.
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Cienciala, Anna M. (1999). "The Munich crisis of 1938: Plans and strategy in Warsaw in the context of the western appeasement of Germany".
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2657:"Presentation of the 2006 Gratias Agit Prize 4 May 2006 Remarks by Cyril Svoboda, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic"
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from the countries of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, fighting on the Russian side. In September 1916, following fierce action against
345:. As a proponent of democracy during the 1930s, Moravec was outspoken in his warnings about the expansionist plans of Germany under
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O český zítřek, a collection of speeches and broadcasts by Moravec during the period of his service as minister in the Protectorate
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to hold office was at the pleasure of the Reich Protector, as set-out in the 16 March 1939 decree of the German government.
803:. Moravec publicly blamed Jews for pre-war tensions between the former Czechoslovakia and Germany. He claimed that "Jewish
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1224:. At the time Moravec was captured, the Legion had yet to be formed and he eagerly enlisted with the Serbian unit instead.
996:, who was later completely exonerated for his service in the Protectorate government. During the 2006 presentation of the
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Hauner, Milan L. (October 2003). "Edvard Beneš' Undoing of Munich: A Message to a Czechoslovak Politician in Prague".
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also considered targeting Moravec for assassination, but decided to go after Heydrich instead in what became known as
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worldview that largely mirrored that of the Nazi Party. It positioned Germany as fighting a war to save humanity from
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2817:[Czech Century is not an easily digestible bite, or, Landa in the role of his life as a collaborationist].
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389:. He graduated from a vocational school and found employment as a clerk at a Prague company. At the outbreak of
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declared that "... we are also a country of those who have deformed our good name, people as Emanuel Moravec,
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were fluttering about everywhere, but the Czech nation was actually living off its great military tradition of
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2725:"Pernes Removed as Director of Institute for Study of Totalitarian Regimes After Less than Month and Half"
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in support of German operations. Hácha discussed the proposal with Reich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia
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956:. Jurij was arrested and sentenced to a prison term at the end of the war and upon release emigrated to
870:, a fact that earned him contempt from some in the pre-Protectorate Czech fascist community such as the
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Moravec did not limit himself to educational questions. In 1943 he advanced a proposal to deploy the
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493:. Simultaneous with his military career, Moravec contributed to newspapers and magazines, including
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883:. As of 2015, 107 mineral samples from Moravec's private collection were still held by the museum.
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Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress
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Denounced by the Allies and the Czech government-in-exile during World War II as a "Czech
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On 16 March 1939, Germany occupied the rump Czechoslovak state and the German-controlled
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902:, who was only sixteen when their relationship caused the end of his previous marriage.
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1897:"Stalin and Beneš at the End of September 1938: New Evidence from the Prague Archives"
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An excerpt from a newsreel showing Moravec at the 1944 Week of Czech Youth in Prague.
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National Cleansing: Retribution Against Nazi Collaborators in Postwar Czechoslovakia
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Czechoslovakia Between Stalin and Hitler: The Diplomacy of Edvard Beneš in the 1930s
306:; 17 April 1893 – 5 May 1945) was a Czech army officer and writer who served as the
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2815:"České století není lehce stravitelné sousto aneb Landa v životní roli kolaboranta"
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and appealed for armed action rather than capitulation to German demands for the
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In 1931 Moravec was appointed an instructor at the War School and promoted to
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1388:"'A Czechoslovakian epic': the Czechoslovak Legion in the Russian Revolution"
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485:. He ultimately came to command the 1st Field Battalion of the 21st Infantry
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2752:"Opponents of historian George Pernes point out: See what a plagiarist is"
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In his new post as minister of education, Moravec instituted the study of
420:; a unit consisting of former prisoners of war, including Serbs and other
1964:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–22.
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In the winter of 1939–40, the Czechoslovak resistance group known as the
718:, a fascist youth group, and served as its chairman. The following year,
574:, inspector-general of the Czechoslovak Army, was installed by President
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452:. Over the next two years, Moravec saw combat with the Legion in Russia.
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1612:"Conclusory Essay: Activists, Jews, The Little Czech Man, and Germans"
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as a compulsory subject in schools, explaining that it would become a
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Seven Czech Women: Portraits of Courage, Humanism, and Enlightenment
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to recognize those who promote the Czech Republic, foreign minister
2129:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 145.
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Uhlíř, Jan (2006). "Emanuel Moravec. Český nacionální socialista".
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Many Czech prisoners held by Russia volunteered for service in the
1859:"Emanuel Moravec – the Face of Czech Collaboration with the Nazis"
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1533:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 297.
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Emanuel Moravec was the original target of what became known as
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A History of Political Trials: From Charles I to Saddam Hussein
2254:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 103.
2159:"Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2119-PS"
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in exchange for accepting a position writing for the newspaper
436:, falsely claiming to hold an engineering degree to receive an
2294:. Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities.
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Military Capabilities in Central Europe and the Abyssinian War
1082:
Military Capabilities in Central Europe and the Abyssinian War
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in the matter and the younger Moravec's sentence was quashed.
2188:"Closing of Czech universities by Nazis remembered in Prague"
1359:"Prague in Danger: The Years of German Occupation, 1939–1945"
1337:"Prague in Danger: The Years of German Occupation, 1939–1945"
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service. Operations centers were subsequently established in
1187:, interior minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Morava
548:'s thesis which posited the existence of an irrational Czech
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Compass, Square and Swastika: Freemasonry in the Third Reich
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During his tenure as education minister, Moravec adopted an
1564:"Emanuel Mroavec – Symbol der Kollaboration mit den Nazis"
2227:. Clark, New Jersey: Lawbook Exchange. pp. 138–139.
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In the Role of the Moor: the Czechoslovak Tragedy of 1938
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Igor fought on the Eastern Front as a volunteer with the
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intelligentsia that had a particularly girlish character.
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along the Dobrudzha Front, Moravec was hospitalized with
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Plachy, Jiří (January 2009). "Synové Emanuela Moravce".
514:. He called for Czechoslovakia to form an alliance with
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František Moravec bore no relation to Emanuel Moravec.
775:
Moravec reportedly offered the noted Czech journalist
1696:"If Hitler Crushes Czechs, All Central Europe is His"
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at the end of World War I with the legionary rank of
318:, a fascist youth organisation in the protectorate.
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2701:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic
2331:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 92.
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Válečné možnosti ve střední Evropě a válka v Habeši
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Válečné možnosti ve střední Evropě a válka v Habeši
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2251:Gender and War in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe
2042:"Czechs Have Same Name but Nothing Else in Common"
677:prior to the German arrival and join the military
731:Policies and initiatives as Minister of Education
641:Excerpt from a radio broadcast by Emanuel Moravec
2127:Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism
687:V úloze mouřenína – Československá tragedie 1938
314:between 1942 and 1945. He was also chair of the
1625:(2): 217, 224–225, 229, 236–240, 255–256, 272.
1128:V úloze mouřenína: Československá tragedie 1938
1114:O smyslu dnešní valky; cesty současné strategie
695:
531:
2449:"Národní muzeum a mineralogové v době nacismu"
1738:The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
412:in 1915 and held at a prisoner-of-war camp in
18:Czech military officer, writer, and politician
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2288:"How it was with the Government Army in 1943"
1030:portrayed Moravec in an episode of the Czech
837:. Following Heydrich's death, Moravec was a
8:
3860:Czechoslovak politicians who died by suicide
2940:Minister of Education of Bohemia and Morava
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2548:"Son of Czech Quisling Executed for Treason"
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917:. His younger brother, Jurij, served in the
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768:who ultimately decided not to forward it to
716:Board of Trustees for the Education of Youth
661:) was ultimately selected for assassination.
357:. He committed suicide in the final days of
333:, which went on to fight on the side of the
316:Board of Trustees for the Education of Youth
284:1st Field Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment
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2362:"The Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich"
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1313:. London: Macmillan. pp. 145–148.
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2002:. New York: Random House. p. 87.
1261:means of demonstrating regime loyalty.
1147:Three Years in Front of the Microphone
570:came to a head. In September, General
3865:Suicides by firearm in Czechoslovakia
3855:Czech collaborators with Nazi Germany
2637:from the original on 16 February 2018
2306:from the original on 16 February 2018
1653:"The Nation that's Bound to Get Hurt"
1461:from the original on 27 February 2018
301:
7:
2794:from the original on 30 October 2013
2369:Center for the Study of Intelligence
1857:Johnstone, Chris (7 December 2011).
401:and dispatched with his unit to the
3693:1st Czechoslovak Mixed Air Division
2463:from the original on 28 August 2016
2360:Jaggers, R.C. (22 September 1993).
2084:"Historie Vojenského Zpravodajství"
1499:Johnstone, Chris (18 August 2010).
1402:from the original on 27 August 2017
667:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
615:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
312:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
3850:People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
2723:Borufka, Sarah (5 December 2010).
2675:from the original on 12 March 2018
2198:. 17 November 2015. Archived from
1871:from the original on 5 August 2011
432:. Upon his release, he joined the
14:
2813:Kabát, Marcel (4 November 2013).
2595:. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 132.
2424:from the original on 1 March 2018
1694:Miller, Guy (18 September 1938).
1667:North American Newspaper Alliance
1610:Pynsent, Robert (November 2007).
1084:") Prague: Svaz čs. důstojnictva.
1073:). Prague: Svaz čs. důstojnictva.
988:", Moravec has been described by
825:attempted to kill Moravec with a
714:In 1941 Moravec helped found the
579:Britain, and territorial demands
3900:National Partnership politicians
3804:
3803:
1386:Kerziouk, Olga (8 August 2017).
831:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
737:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
473:. He was accepted into Prague's
418:First Serbian Volunteer Division
238:
225:
212:
59:January 1942 – May 1945
2633:(in Czech). 15 September 2014.
1777:Journal of Contemporary History
1451:"Emanuel Moravec: Symbol zrady"
972:In the Czech television series
566:In 1938 German demands for the
3845:Military personnel from Prague
2625:"Ecce Homo – Jaroslav Eminger"
2526:. Prague: Grada. p. 205.
2375:. pp. 3–4. Archived from
1000:, given annually by the Czech
787:, an offer Peroutka declined.
448:, fighting on the side of the
1:
2520:Miroslava, Burianová (2013).
781:Buchenwald concentration camp
310:Minister of Education of the
2861:"Moravec, Emanuel 1893–1945"
2501:(in Czech). pp. 79–80.
1562:Šiška, Jakub (25 May 2013).
1482:Časopis Historie a Vojenství
1457:(in Slovak). 19 April 2008.
944:Pavel was sent to school in
609:Second Czechoslovak Republic
595:Second Czechoslovak Republic
408:Moravec was captured by the
377:Emanual Moravec was born in
3688:1st Czechoslovak Army Corps
2523:Móda v ulicích protektorátu
2373:Central Intelligence Agency
2040:Disher, Leo (6 June 1943).
1895:Lukes, Igor (Spring 1993).
1669:. 27 March 1938. p. 11
1002:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
669:was declared. According to
461:First Czechoslovak Republic
198:politician, soldier, author
3921:
3895:Czechoslovak Army officers
3352:Slovak Insurgent Air Force
3332:Jan Žižka partisan brigade
2097:Army of the Czech Republic
2054:United Press International
1958:Frommer, Benjamin (2005).
1501:"The Czechoslovak Legions"
1163:Moravec, Emanuel. (1943).
1152:Moravec, Emanuel. (1942).
1138:Moravec, Emanuel. (1942).
1125:Moravec, Emanuel. (1941).
1120:The Meaning of Today's War
1111:Moravec, Emanuel. (1941).
1098:Moravec, Emanuel. (1940).
1087:Moravec, Emanuel. (1939).
1076:Moravec, Emanuel. (1936).
1065:Moravec, Emanuel. (1936).
976:, Moravec is portrayed by
559:
3905:Nazis who died by suicide
3799:
3710:Freiwillige Schutzstaffel
3632:1st Czechoslovak Division
3454:Bratislava–Brno Offensive
2945:
2938:
2930:
2925:
2760:(in Czech). 16 April 2010
2404:Campbell, Thomas (2011).
1833:10.1080/09592299908406125
1790:10.1177/00220094030384003
501:Baťa Prize for Journalism
288:
113:
52:
41:
32:
3599:Sereď concentration camp
3320:Jan Hus partisan brigade
3262:Slovak National Uprising
2780:"Den po Mnichovu (1938)"
2589:Laughland, John (2008).
2457:National Museum (Prague)
2415:Texas A&M University
2221:Lemkin, Raphael (2008).
1821:Diplomacy and Statecraft
1631:10.1179/174582107x190906
1174:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
1172:About Tomorrow's Czechia
1160:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
1149:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
1141:Tři roky před mikrofonem
1135:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
1122:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
1108:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
1095:") Prague: Orbis Verlag.
758:Army of the Protectorate
373:Early life and education
325:, Moravec served in the
163:Cause of death
3667:11th Infantry Battalion
2575:(subscription required)
2564:. 6 May 1947. p. 7
2067:(subscription required)
1942:(subscription required)
1719:(subscription required)
1680:(subscription required)
923:137th Infantry Division
912:3rd SS Panzer Division
607:During the short-lived
385:family originally from
3308:Czech National Council
3083:Konstantin von Neurath
2325:Baer, Josette (2015).
1154:Tatsachen und Irrtümer
981:
932:
810:Tatsachen und Irrtümer
809:
712:
662:
642:
631:
536:
527:Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
381:, the son of a modest
46:Minister of Education
3875:Czech anti-communists
3604:Theresienstadt Ghetto
3550:Kremnička and Nemecká
3054:Chief of Intelligence
2892:Paśak, Tomáš (1999).
2248:Bucur, Maria (2006).
2125:Bryant, Chad (2009).
1745:. pp. 201, 205.
971:
648:
640:
629:
410:Imperial Russian Army
399:Austro-Hungarian Army
327:Austro-Hungarian Army
263:Years of service
3672:1st Armoured Brigade
2695:"Gratias Agit Award"
2499:Historie a vojenství
1741:. Washington, D.C.:
1735:Agnew, Hugh (2013).
1527:Lukes, Igor (1996).
856:liberation of Prague
835:Operation Anthropoid
817:Assassination target
651:Operation Anthropoid
581:piled on from Poland
299:Czech pronunciation:
3721:Emergency Divisions
3627:Czechoslovak Legion
3594:Carpathian Ruthenia
3254:Vrba–Wetzler report
3215:Minister of Defence
3005:Government-in-exile
2382:on 13 February 2008
2106:on 10 February 2016
1222:Czechoslovak Legion
1106:Ideas and Delusions
434:Czechoslovak Legion
331:Czechoslovak Legion
303:[ˈmoravɛts]
157:Bohemia and Moravia
3430:Čajánek's barracks
3109:Karl Hermann Frank
2948:Position abolished
2926:Political offices
2202:on 5 November 2018
2046:Coschocton Tribune
1345:. 14 January 2008.
1071:"National Defence"
1034:television series
998:Gratias Agit Award
982:
777:Ferdinand Peroutka
766:Karl Hermann Frank
663:
643:
632:
167:Suicide by gunshot
109:position abolished
3817:
3816:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3526:
3511:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3387:
3386:
3316:
3304:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3225:
3224:
3172:
3171:
3087:Reinhard Heydrich
3049:František Moravec
2953:
2952:
2946:Succeeded by
2903:978-80-7252-017-6
2757:Mladá fronta DNES
2602:978-1-906165-00-0
2533:978-80-247-5020-0
2338:978-3-8382-6710-4
2261:978-0-253-11193-7
2234:978-1-58477-901-8
2196:Czech News Agency
2136:978-0-674-02451-9
2009:978-0-307-55852-7
1971:978-0-521-00896-9
1752:978-0-8179-4493-3
1540:978-0-19-510266-6
1367:. 14 January 2008
1364:Publishers Weekly
1342:Publishers Weekly
1320:978-0-374-28126-7
1053:mid-credits scene
930:operations chief
720:Reinhard Heydrich
671:František Moravec
655:Reinhard Heydrich
638:
627:
552:towards Germans.
483:Czechoslovak Army
446:Russian Civil War
343:Czechoslovak Army
339:Russian Civil War
292:
291:
257:Czechoslovak Army
3912:
3890:Czech Freemasons
3807:
3806:
3791:Western betrayal
3774:Munich Agreement
3733:Slovak Air Force
3617:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3462:Prague Offensive
3456:
3448:
3440:
3438:Slovak–Hungarian
3432:
3424:
3422:Carpatho-Ukraine
3416:
3408:
3396:
3375:
3347:Slovak partisans
3328:
3310:
3298:
3296:Council of Three
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3236:
3210:Ferdinand Čatloš
3071:
3042:foreign minister
3001:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2931:Preceded by
2923:
2907:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2857:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2784:ceskatelevize.cz
2776:
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2767:
2765:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2699:Public Diplomacy
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2621:
2615:
2614:
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2494:
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2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:muzeum3000.nm.cz
2445:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2417:. pp. 1–2.
2412:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2366:
2357:
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2350:
2322:
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2311:
2292:cejsh.icm.edu.pl
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2177:
2175:
2173:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2099:. Archived from
2088:
2080:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2037:
2022:
2021:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1892:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1701:Pittsburgh Press
1691:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1658:Hartford Courant
1649:
1643:
1642:
1616:
1607:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1524:
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1496:
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1477:
1471:
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1409:
1407:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1355:
1349:
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1332:
1301:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1202:
1158:Facts and Errors
1045:
1032:historical drama
1015:Czech historian
1010:Klement Gottwald
994:Jaroslav Eminger
937:
812:
697:... the mottoes
639:
628:
562:Munich Agreement
556:Munich Agreement
426:Bulgarian forces
403:Carpathian Front
308:collaborationist
305:
300:
244:
242:
241:
231:
229:
228:
218:
216:
215:
203:Military service
152:
132:
130:
118:Personal details
106:
94:
76:
57:
37:
23:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3795:
3784:Sudeten Germans
3742:
3728:Government Army
3697:
3676:
3608:
3565:
3517:
3493:
3383:
3361:
3322:
3284:
3270:Prague uprising
3221:
3178:Slovak Republic
3168:
3164:Emanuel Moravec
3152:Richard Bienert
3148:Jaroslav Krejčí
3120:
3114:Chief of Police
3101:Reichsprotektor
3060:
2992:
2983:
2949:
2942:
2936:
2914:
2904:
2891:
2888:
2886:Further reading
2883:
2873:
2871:
2859:
2858:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
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2574:
2567:
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2553:Chicago Tribune
2546:
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2534:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2496:
2495:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2459:. 13 May 2015.
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2286:Vít, Machálek.
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2167:Yale University
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2010:
1994:Bessel, Richard
1992:
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881:National Museum
864:
851:Prague Uprising
847:
819:
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619:
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597:
564:
558:
463:
458:
440:'s commission.
375:
298:
295:Emanuel Moravec
239:
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220:Austria-Hungary
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85:Richard Bienert
83:
80:Jaroslav Krejčí
74:
58:
53:
47:
28:
27:Emanuel Moravec
19:
12:
11:
5:
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3908:
3907:
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3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Czech fascists
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3207:
3206:
3205:
3203:Prime Minister
3195:
3194:
3193:
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3173:
3170:
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3157:Prime minister
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3030:Prime Minister
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2986:Czechoslovakia
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2944:
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2913:
2912:External links
2910:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2896:. Brno: Práh.
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2835:
2805:
2788:Česká televize
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2192:Prague Monitor
2179:
2163:Project Avalon
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2050:newspapers.com
2023:
2008:
1999:Nazism and War
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1945:
1882:
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1811:
1784:(4): 563–564.
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557:
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467:Czechoslovakia
462:
459:
457:
454:
450:White Russians
393:, Moravec was
374:
371:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
254:
253:Branch/service
250:
249:
246:Czechoslovakia
233:Russian Empire
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
153:(aged 52)
147:
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142:
124:
120:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
77:
75:Prime Minister
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
38:
30:
29:
26:
17:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3917:
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3898:
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3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:1945 suicides
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3810:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
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3496:
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3479:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3455:
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3447:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3379:Working Group
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:Obrana národa
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3247:
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3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3216:
3213:
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3208:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3192:
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3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3165:
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3149:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3095:Wilhelm Frick
3092:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3055:
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3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2975:
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2966:
2961:
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2899:
2895:
2890:
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2885:
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2866:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2824:
2823:Lidové noviny
2820:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:. June 2006.
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2608:
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2329:
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2217:
2214:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:Slavic Review
1898:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1849:
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1707:
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1613:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
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1571:
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1565:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1487:
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1476:
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1460:
1456:
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1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1305:Demetz, Peter
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
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1254:
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1239:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
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1206:
1201:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
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1162:
1159:
1155:
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1144:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:Czech Century
1046:
1043:
1038:
1037:České století
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:Cyril Svoboda
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
979:
975:
974:České století
970:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
935:
934:Generaloberst
929:
924:
920:
916:
915:
905:
903:
901:
897:
894:
886:
884:
882:
877:
875:
874:
869:
862:Personal life
861:
859:
857:
852:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
816:
814:
811:
806:
802:
798:
791:Anti-Semitism
790:
788:
786:
785:Lidové noviny
782:
779:release from
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:Eastern Front
759:
754:
751:
750:
749:lingua franca
745:
740:
738:
730:
728:
725:
721:
717:
711:
708:
704:
700:
694:
692:
688:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
660:
656:
652:
647:
614:
612:
610:
605:
603:
594:
592:
590:
584:
582:
577:
573:
569:
563:
555:
553:
551:
547:
542:
535:
530:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
497:
496:Lidové noviny
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
460:
455:
453:
451:
447:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
372:
370:
368:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
296:
287:
283:
279:
276:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
255:
251:
247:
234:
221:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
190:
187:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:17 April 1893
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
102:
99:
96:
90:
86:
81:
78:
72:
69:
66:
62:
56:
51:
44:
40:
36:
31:
24:
21:
16:
3767:
3716:Hlinka Guard
3708:
3584:Protectorate
3515:Heydrichiáda
3342:Out Distance
3214:
3202:
3198:Vojtech Tuka
3190:
3163:
3156:
3136:
3113:
3099:
3091:Kurt Daluege
3066:Protectorate
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3013:Edvard Beneš
2990:World War II
2939:
2893:
2872:. Retrieved
2864:
2826:. Retrieved
2821:(in Czech).
2818:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2786:(in Czech).
2783:
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2755:
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2730:Radio Prague
2728:
2703:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2661:Czech Dialog
2660:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2628:
2619:
2591:
2566:. Retrieved
2551:
2542:
2522:
2515:
2498:
2465:. Retrieved
2455:(in Czech).
2452:
2426:. Retrieved
2406:
2384:. Retrieved
2377:the original
2368:
2355:
2327:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2291:
2250:
2243:
2223:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2200:the original
2191:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2126:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2095:(in Czech).
2090:
2058:. Retrieved
2045:
1998:
1988:
1960:
1904:
1900:
1873:. Retrieved
1864:Radio Prague
1862:
1827:(2): 50–51.
1824:
1820:
1814:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1743:Hoover Press
1737:
1710:. Retrieved
1708:. p. 27
1699:
1671:. Retrieved
1656:
1647:
1622:
1618:
1574:. Retrieved
1569:Radio Prague
1567:
1557:
1529:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:Radio Prague
1504:
1494:
1485:
1484:(in Czech).
1481:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1454:
1404:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1340:
1309:
1256:
1238:
1229:
1216:
1209:Peter Demetz
1204:
1200:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1101:Děje a bludy
1099:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1067:Obrana státu
1066:
1060:Publications
1048:
1035:
1028:Daniel Landa
1025:
1021:
1014:
983:
978:Daniel Landa
973:
958:West Germany
943:
913:
909:
896:Alexei Rykov
890:
878:
871:
868:Master Mason
865:
848:
820:
797:anti-Semitic
794:
784:
774:
770:Adolf Hitler
755:
747:
741:
734:
713:
702:
698:
696:
686:
684:
664:
658:
606:
598:
585:
576:Edvard Beneš
565:
546:Emanuel Rádl
537:
532:
512:Nazi Germany
505:
494:
464:
442:
407:
376:
363:
359:World War II
347:Adolf Hitler
320:
294:
293:
151:(1945-05-05)
105:Succeeded by
54:
20:
15:
3840:1945 deaths
3830:1893 births
3779:Sudetenland
3738:Slovak Army
3579:Sudetenland
3518: [
3507:17 November
3486:Operation B
3362: [
3323: [
3278:Czech Radio
3144:Alois Eliáš
3037:Jan Masaryk
2828:10 December
2798:10 December
2764:26 February
2736:26 February
2641:15 February
2630:Czech Radio
2568:27 February
2428:28 February
2386:25 February
2310:15 February
2060:27 February
2056:. p. 4
1875:25 February
1712:26 February
1673:25 February
1576:7 September
1572:(in German)
1512:6 September
1465:25 February
1185:Josef Ježek
1040: [
1017:Jiří Pernes
980:(pictured).
939:Alfred Jodl
849:During the
827:letter bomb
823:Three Kings
685:Writing in
675:Czech lands
602:El Salvador
589:Alois Rašín
568:Sudetenland
430:shell shock
395:conscripted
391:World War I
351:Sudetenland
323:World War I
248:(1917–1938)
235:(1915–1917)
173:Nationality
93:Preceded by
82:(1942–1945)
3824:Categories
3499:War crimes
3446:Dukla Pass
3246:Anthropoid
3231:Resistance
3186:Jozef Tiso
3132:Emil Hácha
3025:Jan Šrámek
2997:Government
2943:1942–1945
2934:Jan Kapras
2819:lidovky.cz
2206:4 November
2172:4 November
1371:11 October
1269:References
805:capitalist
724:Emil Hácha
572:Jan Syrový
475:War School
387:Kutná Hora
335:White Army
208:Allegiance
195:Occupation
189:War School
184:Alma mater
149:5 May 1945
129:1893-04-17
98:Jan Kapras
68:Emil Hácha
3768:Fall Grün
3640:Squadrons
3571:Holocaust
3553:(1944–45)
3191:President
3137:President
3018:President
2669:1210-2784
2611:958451235
2507:0018-2583
2347:927497553
2300:1733-4934
2270:896994115
2145:961899315
2018:893656982
1980:803946928
1937:163953051
1921:2325-7784
1907:(1): 47.
1806:159642460
1761:968091705
1639:144749278
1549:464049269
1329:862148563
1026:In 2013,
919:Wehrmacht
914:Totenkopf
900:housemaid
893:Bolshevik
887:Marriages
707:Hussitism
703:democracy
524:President
414:Samarkand
397:into the
266:1914–1938
64:President
55:In office
3809:Category
3589:Slovakia
3558:Ploština
3542:Životice
3530:Kobylisy
3478:Racibórz
3392:Military
2865:Worldcat
2792:Archived
2705:11 March
2679:11 March
2673:Archived
2635:Archived
2467:10 March
2461:Archived
2419:Archived
2304:Archived
1996:(2009).
1869:Archived
1488:(2): 51.
1459:Archived
1406:30 April
1400:Archived
1307:(2008).
1179:See also
986:Quisling
946:Salzburg
906:Children
699:humanism
659:pictured
534:Masaryk.
487:Regiment
383:merchant
367:Quisling
281:Commands
155:Prague,
3620:Western
3470:Slivice
3406:Sudeten
3399:Battles
3239:Actions
2874:1 March
2562:Reuters
2413:(PhD).
2110:9 March
1929:2499583
1798:3180709
954:treason
839:keynote
801:Judaism
760:to the
508:colonel
481:in the
471:captain
438:officer
355:fascism
337:in the
275:Colonel
3755:Topics
3681:Soviet
3561:(1945)
3545:(1944)
3535:Lidice
3525:(1942)
3510:(1939)
3489:(1945)
3481:(1945)
3473:(1945)
3465:(1945)
3457:(1945)
3449:(1944)
3441:(1939)
3433:(1939)
3425:(1939)
3417:(1938)
3414:Liptaň
3409:(1938)
3289:Groups
3273:(1945)
3265:(1944)
3257:(1944)
3249:(1942)
2900:
2667:
2609:
2599:
2530:
2505:
2345:
2335:
2298:
2268:
2258:
2231:
2143:
2133:
2016:
2006:
1978:
1968:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1804:
1796:
1759:
1749:
1637:
1547:
1537:
1327:
1317:
1245:London
964:Legacy
950:murder
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