536:(Yao Xing's son) requested emergency assistance. Emperor Mingyuan summoned his council to consider whether to launch armies to try to stop Jin advances to try to save Later Qin. Most of his advisors, apprehensive at whether Liu Yu actually intended to attack Northern Wei as well, suggested that Emperor Mingyuan try to intercept Liu Yu's forces. However, Cui Hao opined that this would precisely make Northern Wei the target of Jin attacks, and Emperor Mingyuan partially agreed, but still sent some 100,000 men, commanded by Baba Song, to guard the northern bank of the Yellow River to prepare for battle. If a Jin ship were blown by the wind to the northern bank, Northern Wei forces would seize the ship and kill or capture its crew, and when Jin forces then landed on the northern banks, Northern Wei forces would temporarily retreat, and then re-establish the northern bank defensive posture as soon as Jin forces reboarded their ships. Angry at this harassment, Liu Yu sent his general Ding Wu (丁旿) to land on the northern bank and deal Northern Wei forces a major defeat. This ended Emperor Mingyuan's attempts to save Later Qin, and there were no further Jin/Northern Wei battles throughout the campaign, as while Emperor Mingyuan still planned to cut off Liu Yu's path if he were stopped by Later Qin forces, Liu Yu was able to capture Chang'an and destroy Later Qin by fall 417, and Emperor Mingyuan's planned attacks never materialized. Many former Jin officials who opposed Liu Yu who had taken refuge with Later Qin fled to Northern Wei, and Emperor Mingyuan further ordered that anyone who could save and deliver members of the Yao imperial clan to Pingcheng would be greatly rewarded. (How effectively this order was is not known, and most members of the Yao clan were captured and killed by Liu Yu.)
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forgiveness and leniency in his decisions. As an example, when the minister An Tong (安同) conscripted people for labour without permission, the other ministers suggested that he be punished harshly, yet
Emperor Mingyuan believed that An Tong's motives were in the interests of the common people, so he pardoned An Tong. Despite this, Emperor Mingyuan was also known for being perceptive in his investigations, and his standards were so exacting that his officials would often receive punishment. For example, in 413, one of his key advisors, Tuoba Qu (拓拔屈) the Marquess of Yuancheng, suffered a major defeat at the hands of rebel forces backed by
31:
517:), the Northern Wei general Yuchi Jian (尉遲建), apprehensive of the Jin forces, abandoned Huatai and fled back north of the Yellow River. Emperor Mingyuan executed Yuchi and then sent messengers to rebuke Liu Yu and Wang Zhongde, both of whom restated that the target was Later Qin, not Northern Wei, and that the city would be returned as soon as the campaign was over. (However, Jin did not actually return Huatai, and Northern Wei would not have a major presence south of the Yellow River again until 422.)
361:'s mother) to death, to avoid overly great maternal influence on a young emperor. After Tuoba Si left his father's presence, because of the affection that he had for his mother, he mourned greatly. Hearing this, Emperor Daowu summoned him back to the palace—and, because Emperor Daowu, in his late reign, often displayed great paranoid and violent tendencies, the new crown prince's attendants suggested that he not go to the palace but hide in the country. Tuoba Si agreed and did so, fleeing the capital
478:), but at the advice of Cui Hao and the official Zhou Dan (周澹), who believed that such a move would quickly expose the actual numerical inferiority of the Xianbei to the Han, he kept the capital at Pingcheng, but also pursuant to Cui and Zhou's suggestion, moved a number of impoverished Xianbei to the modern Hebei region. After the famine, Emperor Mingyuan issued an edict to encourage land cultivation. From then, the agricultural situation greatly improved, leading to a thriving livestock economy.
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officials, and when sending officials to check the wealth of the officials, he ordered that everything that was not used to sustain their family be confiscated as illegally obtained goods. In 415, believing the local officials to be idle in their jobs, he issued a fine on those who did not properly raise tax from those under them. Whether these policies had any effect on official corruption is unknown, but official corruption was still a major problem in the reign of his successor
Emperor Taiwu.
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invaded, and
Emperor Mingyuan was forced to respond, chasing Yujiulü Datan back to his territory, but when Emperor Mingyuan sent his advisor Daxi Jin (達奚斤) to pursue Yujiulü Datan, the Northern Wei forces ran into severe weather and suffered many casualties based on frostbite. This would start a theme that would last for centuries—often, Rouran would attack, and Northern Wei would counter-attack successfully, but then become unable to have decisive victories over Rouran.
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to seize the troops. Tuoba Si, upon hearing this news, returned to
Pingcheng but hid himself, while trying to gather supporters gradually. Tuoba Shao tried to seek him out to kill him, but the imperial guards gradually shifted to Tuoba Si's side, and the imperial guards arrested Tuoba Shao and presented him to Tuoba Si. Tuoba Si executed Tuoba Shao, Consort Helan, and Tuoba Shao's associates. He then took the throne as Emperor Mingyuan.
610:) in spring 423, cutting off the path of any Liu Song relief force for Hulao. In summer 423, Hulao fell. The campaign then ceased, with Northern Wei now in control of much of modern Henan and western Shandong. Despite his fierce resistance to Northern Wei, Emperor Mingyuan respected Mao Dezu's loyalty to his state in defending Hulao, and so in an action that appeared typical for him, he spared the lives of the defenders of Hulao.
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to
Northern Wei upon Later Qin's destruction, and Emperor Mingyuan established the official Kou Zan (寇讚) in position to manage these people. They eventually grew to number tens of thousands of households, and so Emperor Mingyuan created a new province of Southern Yong to govern them, and it is described that the number of refugees entering the southern border of Northern Wei tripled after this.
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of repercussions, and many people too afraid to go outside in alleyways. Emperor
Mingyuan established officials to hear the people's lawsuits and ensure that legal cases were judged fairly, restored officials who had earlier been removed from office, and issued government relief for the people's hardships. Due to this, many of the problems of Tuoba Gui's later years were eliminated.
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He commissioned his key advisors Baba, Cui, Daxi Jin, Anchi Tong (安遲同), Qiumuling Guan (丘穆陵觀), and Qiudun Dui (丘敦堆) to serve as the Crown Prince's advisor. From this point on, most matters, particularly domestic matters, were ruled on by Crown Prince Tao, while
Emperor Mingyuan himself only ruled on important matters.
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the Prince of
Taiping, crown prince, and then transfer some of the authorities to the crown prince so that his own burdens could be lessened. Baba Song also agreed, and Emperor Mingyuan created Tuoba Tao crown prince, and further had Crown Prince Tao take the throne to serve as the secondary emperor.
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Throughout
Emperor Mingyuan's reign, due to the relative stability of Northern Wei compared to other states that were experiencing turmoil, many people submitted or migrated to Northern Wei, which received an influx of these migrants. As an example of this, a group of families had declared allegiance
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Emperor
Mingyuan himself was known for his competence in handling state affairs, and his reputation for this was such that the officials in charge of enforcing justice would be stern in their enforcement of the law in order to avoid making mistakes. However, Emperor Mingyuan did have the capacity for
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Emperor Mingyuan, contrary to his father's dictatorial style, instituted a council of eight officials to advise him on all important decisions, with the intent to hear different opinions and then take informed actions. The council mostly constituted of ethnic Xianbei from his tribe, but also included
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over Feng Ba's insistence that Huniuyu kneel to him, and Feng Ba detained Huniuyu and refused to establish relations with Northern Wei. How successful the Rouran mission was is harder to gauge, for although initially it appeared to be successful, by new year 415 the Rouran Khan Yujiulü Datan (郁久閭大檀)
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At the time of Emperor Mingyuan's ascension to power, the paranoia and violence of Tuoba Gui's late reign had caused many problems within Northern Wei, with the officials described as idle and arrogant, the law as not properly enforced, crime so common that criminals would act in public without fear
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Meanwhile, Emperor Daowu had, because of Tuoba Shao's crimes, imprisoned Tuoba Shao's mother Consort Helan and planned to execute her. Consort Helan sent her son a message, asking him to save her. In response, Tuoba Shao assassinated Emperor Daowu and then tried to take over as emperor, and he tried
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During Emperor Mingyuan's late reign, he requisitioned additional resources from the people in addition to regular taxes several times, however, Emperor Mingyuan also gave out several tax exemptions to reduce the burden on populations affected by flooding, and he would reduce or exempt the taxes of
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Also in 416, because the general Kunuguan Bin (庫傉官斌) had earlier defected from Northern Yan to Northern Wei but then back to Northern Yan, Emperor Mingyuan used this as a pretext to launch an attack on Northern Yan, and his forces not only killed Kunuguan Bin but his relatives Kunuguan Chang (庫傉官昌)
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of Shangdang and Henei commanderies. Initial efforts to defeat the rebellion were unsuccessful, but in 416, on the advice of Cui Hong, Emperor Mingyuan sent the general Yizhan Jian (乙旃建) to supervise the army he had sent to quell the rebellion. The rebellion was crushed, and Yizhan Jian captured a
466:
In 414-5, Emperor Mingyuan became frustrated with the rampant corruption that officials were engaging in - a problem common in Northern Wei, because officials had no proper salary. In 414, he ordered that people be allowed to go to the palace to make direct reports to him on the illegal actions of
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As Tuoba Si grew, he was said to be a wise and kind young man, whose actions were all in accordance with proper protocol. In contrast, his oldest younger brother Tuoba Shao (拓拔紹) was described as being a violent young man, and he would often go out on the streets to rob people and violently attack
602:), and were eventually forced to withdraw after food supplies ran out and a large number of soldiers grew ill. Northern Wei forces also stalled in their siege of Hulao, defended by the capable Liu Song general Mao Dezu (毛德祖), but were meanwhile able to capture Luoyang and Xuchang (許昌, in modern
416:
In 411, due to frequent floods and droughts in Northern Wei, Emperor Mingyuan reduced palace expenses by releasing excess palace women, and he ordered that they marry unmarried men to increase labour and population. Like his father, a feature of Emperor Mingyuan's reign was the commissioning of
345:, compiled by the rival Liu Song dynasty, would state that Tuoba Si was Tuoba Gui's second son. However, since there are no clear inconsistencies with Tuoba Si being Tuoba Gui's eldest son as presented in the Book of Wei, the Book of Wei's account is generally considered to be the correct one.)
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to Northern Wei to be married to Emperor Mingyuan. He welcomed her with ceremony fitting an empress. However, Tuoba customs dictated that only a consort who was able to craft a gold statue by her hands could be empress, and Princess Xiping was unable to, so Emperor Mingyuan only created her an
589:
Daxi first put Huatai under siege, but after he was unable to capture it quickly, Emperor Mingyuan personally led an army south to aid Daxi. He also had Crown Prince Tao lead an army to the northern border, to guard against a Rouran attack. Huatai then fell, and Daxi then approached Hulao and
463:(洪範) – both mystical texts. Emperor Mingyuan had always been fond of mysticism and divination, and also often asked Cui Hao to make predictions based on those texts, which often came true. Cui Hao therefore became increasingly trusted and consulted by Emperor Mingyuan for important decisions.
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animals. Tuoba Si tried to correct his brother's behaviour with rebukes, but Tuoba Shao did not change, so Tuoba Si lived in fear of his brother. In 403, Tuoba Gui, by this point emperor (as Emperor Daowu), created him the Prince of Qi. In 409, Emperor Daowu was intent on creating Tuoba Si
353:, but based on the Tuoba tradition that when an heir is decided upon, his mother must be put to death, Emperor Daowu forced Consort Liu to commit suicide. Either before or after he did so, he summoned Tuoba Si to explain to him that this tradition was also in accordance with
335:.) He was Tuoba Gui's oldest son, and his father was said to be so pleased by this late arrival of a son that he declared a general pardon. (Based on Northern Wei's official history, Tuoba Gui would only be 21 at this point; this might be further evidence corroborating the
307:, but he helped the state stabilize over northern China, and started the tradition of meeting with important imperial officials to listen to their advice and make final decisions. He is generally regarded by historians to be an intelligent and rational ruler.
409:, and when Baba was surrounded by Rouran troops, Emperor Mingyuan personally led an army to relieve Baba. For the next years, he often left the capital Pingcheng to examine the defenses on the northern and eastern fronts (with Rouran and
398:), indulged in alcohol while neglecting affairs of state, and Emperor Mingyuan executed him (Because Tuoba Qu's son Tuoba Mohun (拓拔磨渾) had major contributions in helping Emperor Mingyuan defeat Tuoba Shao, the later historian
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people who lived near places where he had been on tour. The state saw plentiful harvests during this period, and experienced relative stability, and after 417 there were no popular uprisings for the rest of his reign.
441:, and Rouran, to try to establish peaceful relationships. The Later Qin and Jin missions were apparently largely successful, but his ambassador Huniuyu Shimen (忽忸于什門) had a conflict with the Northern Yan emperor
594:. However, while other cities in Song's Qing Province (青州, modern central and eastern Shandong) fell as well, the Northern Wei forces were unable to capture the capital of Qing Province, Dongyang (東陽, in modern
582:), Emperor Mingyuan broke off relations with Liu Song and called his council, informing the advisors that he planned to attack and seize three major cities south of the Yellow River from Liu Song—Luoyang,
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505:
launched a major attack on Later Qin, intending to destroy it. As part of Liu Yu's force, a fleet commanded by the general Wang Zhongde (王仲德), approached Northern Wei's only main outpost south of the
570:
for many years. He consulted Cui Hao on what he should do to prepare for events after his death. Cui Hao predicted that he would recover, but advised him to create his oldest son, 14-year-old
413:), to make sure that his state would be properly defended against enemies. Another feature of his early reign was that he would frequently have to raise armies to put down rebellions.
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Luoyang. Meanwhile, Emperor Mingyuan also sent Yizhan Jian and the generals E Qing (娥清), Lü Dafei (閭大肥) and Pu Ji (普幾) east, capturing several commanderies in modern western
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In 415, the northern regions of Northern Wei suffered a major famine, causing Emperor Mingyuan to consider moving the capital southward to Yecheng (鄴城, in modern
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In 420, Emperor Mingyuan's wife Consort Yao died, and regretting that he could never give her the title in life, he posthumously honored her as an empress.
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would later emphasise Emperor Mingyuan's interest in Chinese scholarship and history. He compiled 30 chapters of literary works throughout his life.
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402:, in his annotations to the Zizhi Tongjian, criticised Emperor Mingyuan's execution of Tuoba Qu as ungrateful for Tuoba Mohun's contributions).
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In 423, Emperor Mingyuan also started a major building project—the building of a wall on the northern borders to defend against Rouran attacks.
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In 418, Emperor Mingyuan launched a major attack on Northern Yan and put the Northern Yan capital Helong (和龍, in modern
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In 422, Emperor Mingyuan suffered a major illness, which is attributed to his taking of the popular alchemical drug
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and other ethnicities. This became a tradition that was followed by his descendants as well.
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construction projects to expand Pingcheng as a capital and general state infrastructure.
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In 415-6, Emperor Mingyuan would have to deal with a major rebellion - that of the
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and Kunuguan Ti (庫傉官提), both of whom held important posts in Northern Yan.
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chief Liu Toujuan (劉頭眷). He was born at the capital Yunzhong (雲中, in modern
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453:(the son of his key advisor Cui Hong (崔宏)) teach him the ancient texts of
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had founded Northern Wei in 386 but before he had conquered most of rival
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imperial consort, but within the palace honored her as wife and empress.
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dynasty of China. He was the oldest son of the founding emperor
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799:, Prince Hexi (d. 447) in 437, and had issue (two daughters)
357:'s rationale to put his favorite concubine, Consort Zhao (
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Late in 414, Emperor Mingyuan began to have his official
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Emperor Mingyuan (明元皇帝) ("understanding and discerning")
620:. Crown Prince Tao took the throne as Emperor Taiwu.
365:, where Emperor Daowu had moved the capital in 398.
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279:((北)魏明元帝) (392 – 24 December 423), Chinese name
778:Married Yao Huangmei, Duke of Longxi (陇西郡公姚黄眉)
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1651:day of the 11th month of the 8th year of the
1583:day of the 10th month of the 5th year of the
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429:Northern Wei armoured horseman tomb figurine
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1298:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei (392–423)
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616:In winter 423, Emperor Mingyuan died from
315:Tuoba Si was born in 392 after his father
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532:. In spring 417, The Later Qin emperor
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734:Tuoba Jian, Prince Yongchangzhuang (
52:November 10, 409 – December 23, 423
618:Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning
757:Tuoba Chong, Prince Jianningjing (
498:large amount of the rebel force.
14:
1726:History of the Northern Dynasties
277:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
101:Jin Mausoleum of Yunzhong (雲中金陵)
22:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
748:Tuoba Mi, Prince Andingshang (
35:Statue of Emperor Mingyuan at
1:
2760:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1797:Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei
1780:Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei
1076:Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei
711:Tuoba Fan, Prince Le'anxuan (
2830:5th-century Chinese monarchs
1886:(includes chieftains of the
829:, Prince Qin (d. 434) in 428
653:Empress Mi, of the Du clan (
688:Tuoba Pi, Prince Lepingli (
339:of his life history.) (The
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1316:
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1024:Empress Zhaocheng (d. 360)
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802:Married Li Gai, Duke Nan (
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942:Empress Pingwen (d. 355)
509:, Huatai (滑台, in modern
501:In 416, the Jin general
1787:Emperor of Northern Wei
1665:Grousset, Rene (1970).
1516:Empress Xuanmu (d. 409)
775:Princess Yangdi (阳翟公主)
44:Emperor of Northern Wei
16:Emperor of Northern Wei
702:, of the Murong clan (
679:, of the Murong clan (
485:sent his daughter the
430:
2815:Northern Wei emperors
428:
200:Tàicháng (泰常) 416–423
196:Yǒngxīng (永興) 409–413
2559:Prince of Changguang
2544:Daughter of Xiaoming
2514:Prince Yin of Nan'an
2320:Prince of Changguang
2273:Prince Yin of Nan'an
637:Consorts and Issue:
198:Shénruì (神瑞) 414–416
1702:太宗性明察，羣臣多以職事遇譴，至有杖罰
843:Married Yao Hedou (
725:, of the Yin clan (
671:; 408–452), 1st son
644:, of the Yao clan (
359:Emperor Zhao of Han
337:alternative version
295:of the Xianbei-led
2835:People from Hohhot
2483:Northern dynasties
2315:Emperor Xiaozhuang
2113:Son of Tuoba Pugen
1904:Chieftains of the
965:Tuoba Shi (d. 371)
772:; d. 441), 7th son
763:; d. 453), 6th son
754:; d. 424), 3rd son
740:; d. 441), 5th son
717:; d. 444), 4th son
694:; d. 444), 2nd son
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2072:
2071:
1839:
1838:
1794:Succeeded by
1564:
1563:
1411:Liu Juan (d. 385)
1337:Liu Meng (d. 272)
834:Princess Longxi (
665:, Emperor Taiwu (
355:Emperor Wu of Han
274:
273:
228:
227:
2842:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2399:
2385:Emperor Xiaojing
2298:Emperor Xiaoming
2278:Emperor Wencheng
2263:Emperor Mingyuan
2187:
2178:
2148:
2140:
2025:
1912:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1826:Emperor of China
1816:Preceded by
1806:Emperor of China
1777:Preceded by
1769:
1705:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1662:
1656:
1646:
1640:
1628:
1619:
1614:7th year of the
1612:
1606:
1594:
1588:
1578:
1191:Empress Xianming
863:
848:
847:
839:
838:
821:
820:
814:Princess Shiping
807:
806:
791:
790:
771:
770:
762:
761:
753:
752:
739:
738:
730:
729:
716:
715:
707:
706:
693:
692:
684:
683:
670:
669:
658:
657:
649:
648:
568:Cold Food Powder
437:, Northern Yan,
154:
145:Princess Shiping
92:December 24, 423
37:Yungang Grottoes
33:
19:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2844:
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2840:
2839:
2805:
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2798:
2705:
2667:
2624:
2596:
2578:
2485:
2476:
2446:
2437:
2411:
2403:
2387:
2368:
2344:Self-proclaimed
2339:
2288:Emperor Xiaowen
2283:Emperor Xianwen
2242:
2230:
2221:
2182:
2163:
2154:Tuoba Shiyijian
2141:(re-succession)
2084:
2077:Re-unified rule
2068:
2056:
2035:
2016:
1899:
1869:
1834:
1821:
1810:
1799:
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1647:
1643:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1595:
1591:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
911:Tuoba Shiyijian
860:
642:Empress Zhao'ai
635:
542:
487:Princess Xiping
423:
375:
313:
206:Posthumous name
199:
197:
186:
183:
174:
148:Princess Longxi
147:
143:
139:
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135:
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111:Empress Zhao'ai
102:
39:
23:
17:
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11:
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2338:
2337:
2335:Emperor Xiaowu
2332:
2330:Emperor Houfei
2327:
2325:Emperor Jiemin
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2293:Emperor Xuanwu
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2248:
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2238:
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2226:Honoured then
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2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Tuoba Shamohan
1994:
1989:
1984:
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1969:
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1772:Regnal titles
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1738:Zizhi Tongjian
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1700:, volume 34, "
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1598:Zizhi Tongjian
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784:Princess Wuwei
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697:
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419:
374:
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333:Inner Mongolia
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270:Empress Xuanmu
268:
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141:Princess Wuwei
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2673:Northern Zhou
2670:
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2268:Emperor Taiwu
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2258:Emperor Daowu
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2159:Emperor Daowu
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2149:(restoration)
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305:Emperor Taiwu
302:
301:Emperor Daowu
298:
294:
291:(木末), was an
290:
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282:
278:
269:
265:
262:
261:Emperor Daowu
259:
255:
252:
249:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
222:
219:
215:
210:
207:
203:
194:
189:
179:
176:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
155:
151:
146:
142:
126:
125:Emperor Taiwu
123:
121:
117:
112:
109:
105:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:Emperor Taiwu
69:
65:
62:
61:Emperor Daowu
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
2748:N. Dynasties
2744:S. Dynasties
2503:
2491:Northern Wei
2433:Emperor Gong
2402:Posthumously
2392:Emperors of
2377:Emperors of
2262:
2181:Posthumously
2173:Northern Wei
2146:Tuoba Yihuai
2133:Tuoba Yihuai
2061:Western area
2040:Central area
2033:Tuoba Luguan
2028:Eastern area
2021:Divided rule
1987:Tuoba Jiefen
1947:Tuoba Tuiyin
1915:Unified rule
1896:state of Dai
1876:Northern Wei
1824:
1804:
1785:
1736:
1724:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1667:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1630:
1615:
1610:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
999:Murong Huang
827:Helian Chang
722:
699:
676:
636:
624:
622:
615:
612:
588:
577:
565:
562:
558:
554:
543:
523:
519:
507:Yellow River
500:
492:
480:
469:
465:
460:
454:
448:
432:
421:Middle reign
415:
411:Northern Yan
404:
388:
384:
376:
367:
351:crown prince
347:
342:Book of Song
340:
314:
297:Northern Wei
288:
280:
276:
275:
251:Northern Wei
224:Tàizōng (太宗)
2740:16 Kingdoms
2630:Northern Qi
2602:Western Wei
2584:Eastern Wei
2428:Emperor Fei
2423:Emperor Wen
2394:Western Wei
2379:Eastern Wei
2356:Yuan Faseng
2233:temple name
2202:Tuoba Huang
2108:Tuoba Pugen
2052:Tuoba Pugen
2047:Tuoba Yituo
1992:Tuoba Liwei
1884:Western Wei
1880:Eastern Wei
1808:(Northern)
1714:Book of Wei
1697:Book of Wei
1632:Book of Wei
797:Juqu Mujian
626:Book of Wei
373:Early reign
218:Temple name
166:Family name
136:Tuoba Chong
57:Predecessor
2825:423 deaths
2820:392 births
2809:Categories
2732:3 Kingdoms
2554:Xiaozhuang
2228:posthumous
2138:Tuoba Hena
2128:Tuoba Hena
2123:Tuoba Heru
2118:Tuoba Yulü
2103:Tuoba Yilu
2093:Rulers of
2082:Tuoba Yilu
2066:Tuoba Yilu
2007:Tuoba Chuo
2002:Tuoba Xilu
1977:Tuoba Kuai
1932:Tuoba Guan
1568:References
1167:Ladu Tuoba
885:Tuoba Yulü
659:; d. 420)
540:Late reign
400:Hu Sanxing
311:Early life
178:Given name
134:Tuoba Jian
114:Empress Mi
2235:retracted
2217:Yuan Huai
2207:Yuan Shao
2197:Tuoba Shi
1982:Tuoba Lin
1972:Tuoba Gai
1942:Tuoba Yue
1937:Tuoba Lou
1927:Tuoba Huo
1922:Tuoba Mao
1890:clan and
1193:(351–396)
1078:(371–409)
1001:(297–348)
913:(318–376)
663:Tuoba Dao
650:; d. 420)
572:Tuoba Tao
435:Later Qin
363:Pingcheng
321:Later Yan
317:Tuoba Gui
191:Era dates
157:Full name
138:Tuoba Jun
132:Tuoba Fan
67:Successor
2648:Xiaozhao
2592:Xiaojing
2539:Xiaoming
2519:Wencheng
2504:Mingyuan
2479:Emperors
2404:honoured
2365:Yuan Yue
2361:Yuan Hao
2303:Daughter
2240:Yuan Xie
2190:Honoured
2183:honoured
2169:Emperors
2012:Tuoba Fu
1967:Tuoba Ji
1962:Tuoba Si
1957:Tuoba Qi
1952:Tuoba Li
1872:Emperors
1811:409–423
1791:409–423
1741:, vols.
1653:Taichang
1603:vol. 115
1360:Liu Lugu
1138:He Yegan
887:(d. 321)
858:Ancestry
825:Married
808:) in 447
795:Married
760:建寧景王 拓跋崇
751:安定殤王 拓跋彌
745:Unknown
737:永昌莊王 拓跋健
714:樂安宣王 拓跋範
691:樂平戾王 拓跋丕
668:太武皇帝 拓跋燾
600:Shandong
596:Qingzhou
592:Shandong
580:Liu Song
550:Liaoning
534:Yao Hong
530:Chang'an
483:Yao Xing
461:Hong Fan
281:Tuoba Si
130:Tuoba Mi
128:Tuoba Pi
107:Consorts
2681:Xiaomin
2653:Wucheng
2638:Wenxuan
2529:Xiaowen
2524:Xianwen
2481:of the
2409:Yuan Yu
2351:Yuan Yu
2212:Yuan Yu
1894:of the
1616:Dengguo
1581:renshen
769:新興公 拓跋俊
647:昭哀皇后 姚氏
604:Xuchang
546:Jinzhou
526:Luoyang
495:Xiongnu
456:I Ching
451:Cui Hao
443:Feng Ba
325:Xiongnu
293:emperor
285:Xianbei
283:(拓拔嗣),
246:Dynasty
2772:W. Xia
2663:Youzhu
2658:Houzhu
2574:Xiaowu
2569:Houfei
2564:Jiemin
2549:Youzhu
2534:Xuanwu
2416:Ruling
2310:Youzhu
2251:Ruling
1892:rulers
1731:vol. 1
1719:vol. 3
1679:
1637:vol. 3
705:夫人 慕容氏
682:夫人 慕容氏
656:密皇后 杜氏
633:Family
511:Anyang
503:Liu Yu
472:Handan
407:Rouran
396:Shanxi
329:Hohhot
267:Mother
257:Father
182:Sì (嗣)
97:Burial
2716:Shang
2509:Taiwu
2499:Daowu
1906:Tuoba
1888:Tuoba
1830:Henan
1115:He Ge
728:夫人 尹氏
723:Furen
700:Furen
677:Furen
608:Henan
584:Hulao
515:Henan
476:Hebei
287:name
239:Tuoba
234:House
171:Tuòbá
120:Issue
49:Reign
24:北魏明元帝
2788:Qing
2784:Ming
2780:Yuan
2768:Song
2764:Liao
2756:Tang
2720:Zhou
2701:Jing
2696:Xuan
2686:Ming
2620:Gong
2231:and
1908:clan
1882:and
1835:423
1677:ISBN
1649:jisi
1618:era
1585:Yixi
837:隴西公主
819:始平公主
789:武威公主
623:The
459:and
289:Mumo
173:(拓拔)
89:Died
81:Born
2796:PRC
2792:ROC
2776:Jīn
2752:Sui
2736:Jìn
2728:Han
2724:Qin
2712:Xia
2643:Fei
2615:Fei
2610:Wen
2171:of
2095:Dai
1874:of
1763:119
1759:118
1755:117
1751:116
1747:115
1743:113
1655:era
1587:era
846:姚和都
439:Jin
392:Xia
380:Han
84:392
2811::
2794:/
2790:→
2786:→
2782:→
2778:→
2774:/
2770:/
2766:/
2762:→
2758:→
2754:→
2750:→
2746:/
2742:→
2738:/
2734:→
2730:→
2726:→
2722:→
2718:→
2714:→
2691:Wu
1878:,
1832:)
1761:,
1757:,
1753:,
1749:,
1745:,
1729:,
1717:,
1704:"
1675:.
1673:61
1635:,
1623:^
1601:,
840:)
822:)
805:李蓋
792:)
731:)
708:)
685:)
606:,
598:,
548:,
513:,
474:,
331:,
180::
168::
2471:e
2464:t
2457:v
1898:)
1864:e
1857:t
1850:v
1828:(
1765:.
1733:.
1721:.
1685:.
1639:.
1605:.
849:)
816:(
786:(
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