306:
44:
620:
by June. A second expedition to rescue
Taiyuan was also unsuccessful. Emperor Qinzong rejected a proposal to reinforce the northern borders reasoning that they may never come back and sent his generals to other parts of the country. The Jin imperial court sent two ambassadors to Song. The two ambassadors were nobles from the former
628:. Emperor Qinzong sent a coded letter which was sealed in candle wax, inviting them to join Song to form an Anti–Jin alliance but the ambassadors handed the letter to Emperor Taizong and in retaliation, accused Emperor Qinzong for violating the peace treaty and sent an even bigger army against the Song.
619:
Despite this, almost as soon as the Jin armies had left
Kaifeng, Emperor Qinzong reneged on the deal and dispatched two armies to repel the Jurchen troops attacking Taiyuan and bolster the defenses of Zhongshan and Hejian. An army of 90,000 soldiers and another of 60,000 were defeated by Jin forces
654:
of
Emperor Qinzong.) Emperor Qinzong, along with his father Emperor Huizong and the rest of their family, were taken prisoner by Jin forces, marking the end of the Northern Song. Qinzong's brother Zhao Gou managed to escape to southern China, where he reestablished the empire as the Southern Song
570:
invaded the
Northern Song dynasty beginning the first siege of Bianjing. Frightened, Emperor Huizong intended to flee but was convinced by his officials to abdicate first and then flee. Huizong then abdicated and passed on his throne to Emperor Qinzong, and then assumed the title
599:) to lead the Song military to fend off the invaders. However, Emperor Qinzong was not a decisive leader and often made poor judgments. Eventually, he removed Li Gang from his appointment in the hope of starting peace talks with the Jin Empire and sent his younger brother
675:, gave the two former Song emperors contemptuous titles to humiliate them: Emperor Qinzong was called "Marquis Chonghun" (重昏侯; literally "Doubly Muddle-headed Marquis") while Emperor Huizong was called "Duke Hunde" (昏德公; literally "Muddle-headed Duke").
671:, the Jin capital, on 13 May 1127. In 1128, the two former Song emperors were forced to wear mourning dresses and pay homage to the ancestors of the Jin Emperors at their ancestral temple in Huining Prefecture. Furthermore, the Jurchen ruler,
696:. A few months later, the former emperor started receiving a stipend due to his nobility status. He lived the rest of his life as a captive in the Jin Empire, which used him as a hostage to put pressure on the Song Empire.
1812:
1861:
1417:
Levine, Ari Daniel (2009). "The Reigns of Hui-tsung (1100–1126) and Ch'in-tsung (1126–1127) and the Fall of the
Northern Sung". In Paul Jakov Smith; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.).
1776:
678:
In 1141, as the Jin Empire normalised relations with the (Southern) Song Empire, the
Jurchens renamed Emperor Qinzong's title to the more neutral-sounding "Duke of
581:
that marked the end of the
Northern Song and Qinzong and his father's subsequent capture by the Jin forces, they, along and his half-brother and their successor,
1808:
1846:
642:
Since
Qinzong mistakenly removed the army to post in different parts of the country, the Jin forces eventually breached the walls of the Song capital,
1589:
1851:
1792:
1476:
1445:
1426:
1407:
1247:
607:'s decision to not rescue Qinzong. The first siege of Bianjing ended after Qinzong gave a city to the Jurchens and paid them annual tribute.
1764:
1760:
1598:
1252:
69:
1752:
1495:
1464:
1756:
1748:
1257:
1841:
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himself despite being very old, was more familiar to horse riding, tried to escape but was shot to death by
Jurchen archers.
401:
326:
1788:
340:
1856:
726:
567:
1582:
1383:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
305:
948:
745:
161:
1685:
1740:
1680:
1637:
1632:
916:
890:
624:. Emperor Qinzong misjudged the situation and believed that they could be used to turn against the Jin ruler,
1732:
1675:
1647:
1627:
1617:
1559:
1542:
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625:
559:
53:
1768:
1744:
1728:
1612:
667:
Emperor
Qinzong and his father were demoted to the status of commoners on 20 March 1127 and deported to
1836:
1831:
1705:
679:
1391:
1387:
725:
Emperor Qinzong died as a sick and broken man in 1161 having spent two-thirds of his life in the
704:
689:
668:
1287:
1491:
1472:
1460:
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1403:
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637:
593:
Left to deal with the Jin invasion by himself, Emperor Qinzong appointed the general Li Gang (
578:
184:
1710:
1690:
1622:
1395:
1193:
651:
485:
454:
424:
371:
294:
1642:
520:
224:
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1695:
1484:
1419:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 5, The Sung dynasty and Its Precursors, 907–1279
573:
563:
525:
49:
17:
43:
1825:
707:
which made peace with the Jin Dynasty. This destroyed Qinzong's chance of returning.
551:
257:
1549:
1513:
1400:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368
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621:
544:
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516:
492:
431:
378:
273:
269:
730:
236:
212:
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84:
1715:
714:
ordered him and the former Emperor Tianzuo of Liao to compete in a match of
693:
710:
In 1156, in an act of humiliation, the Jin Emperor who at the time was the
718:. Emperor Qinzong was weak and frail, thus quickly fell off the horse.
643:
264:
252:
646:, in 1127 and occupied the city in an event historically known as the
603:
to negotiate but he was captured and ransomed. This may contribute to
147:
61:
57:
1355:
1353:
1351:
577:("Retired Emperor") himself and fled to the countryside. After the
715:
1571:
1486:
The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China: A Study of Sinicization
1438:
War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795
497:
436:
383:
558:. His mother was Emperor Huizong's empress consort,
1668:
1605:
835:, of Han clan (才人 韓氏), personal name Jingguan (靜觀)
491:
484:
479:
467:
453:
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117:
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83:
75:
68:
32:
1483:
1421:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 556–643.
611:returned after hearing that the siege was over.
1359:
585:, were blamed for the Song dynasty's decline.
1862:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
1583:
853:
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822:
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807:
790:
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761:
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535:(23 May 1100 – 14 June 1161), personal name
1590:
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1504:
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476:
415:
362:
29:
655:dynasty and became historically known as
231:Emperor Gongwen Shunde Renxiao (恭文順德仁孝皇帝)
780:Virtuous Consort Shen, of the Zhu clan (
146:Yongxian Mausoleum (永獻陵, in present-day
1299:
550:Emperor Qinzong was the eldest son and
176: 1116; died 1127)
1306:
1100:
1096:
1086:
991:
881:
877:
615:Causes of the Second Siege of Bianjing
313:
198:
27:9th emperor of Song China (r. 1126-27)
1330:
1248:Chinese emperors family tree (middle)
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995:
979:
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963:
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933:
921:
915:
905:
889:
885:
543:of China and the last emperor of the
7:
1371:
1318:
1253:List of emperors of the Song dynasty
692:located in the upper reaches of the
1342:
1084:Emperor Qinzong of Song (1100–1156)
1847:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
1490:. University of Washington Press.
562:. In 1126, when the forces of the
25:
852:; b. 1114), personal name Yuhui (
219:Emperor Xiaoci Yuansheng (孝慈淵聖皇帝)
1258:Architecture of the Song dynasty
304:
42:
539:, was the ninth emperor of the
357:"Venerate Ancestor of the Song"
173:
79:19 January 1126 – 20 March 1127
1402:. Cambridge University Press.
1283:Technology of the Song dynasty
498:
460:
437:
407:
384:
346:
332:
1:
1852:12th-century Chinese monarchs
1777:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1599:Emperors of the Song dynasty
1459:. Harvard University Press.
471:Doubly Muddle-headed Marquis
1550:Emperor of the Song Dynasty
1455:Mote, Frederick W. (1999).
1360:Franke & Twitchett 1994
1278:Society of the Song dynasty
1273:History of the Song dynasty
1268:Economy of the Song dynasty
1263:Culture of the Song dynasty
733:means "Venerate Ancestor".
70:Emperor of the Song dynasty
1880:
1098:
985:
879:
812:), personal name Qingyun (
635:
514:
1726:
1659:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1507:
1176:
1158:
1150:
1125:
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1102:
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1033:Empress Qinci (1058–1089)
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123:Zhao Huan (趙桓, 1103–1116)
41:
1457:Imperial China: 900–1800
917:Emperor Shenzong of Song
891:Emperor Yingzong of Song
402:Traditional Chinese
327:Traditional Chinese
207:Jingkang (靖康; 1126-1127)
121:Zhao Dan (趙亶, 1100–1103)
33:Emperor Qinzong of Song
1482:Tao, Jing-Shen (1976).
975:Emperor Huizong of Song
766:; 1117–1128), first son
758:Zhao Chen, Crown Prince
688:), which is based on a
663:Life in the Jin Dynasty
533:Emperor Qinzong of Song
341:Simplified Chinese
317:Emperor Qinzong of Song
18:Emperor Qinzong of Song
1842:Northern Song emperors
795:; b. 1127), second son
54:National Palace Museum
1436:Lorge, Peter (2005).
827:; b. 1129), third son
806:, of the Zheng clan (
636:Further information:
545:Northern Song dynasty
48:Palace portrait on a
861:A daughter (b. 1129)
798:A daughter (b. 1130)
741:Consorts and Issue:
650:("Jingkang" was the
1857:People from Kaifeng
1362:, pp. 233–234.
748:, of the Zhu clan (
680:Tianshui Commandery
1394:; Herbert Franke;
1392:Denis C. Twitchett
846:, of the Di clan (
705:Treaty of Shaoxing
669:Huining Prefecture
1819:
1818:
1566:
1565:
1557:Succeeded by
1477:978-0-674-01212-7
1447:978-0-203-96929-8
1428:978-0-521-81248-1
1409:978-0-521-24331-5
1238:
1237:
769:Princess Roujia (
729:. He was 61. His
712:Prince of Hailing
648:Jingkang Incident
638:Jingkang Incident
513:
512:
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486:Standard Mandarin
444:
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391:
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372:Standard Mandarin
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247:
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16:(Redirected from
1869:
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1509:Emperor Qinzong
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1388:Twitchett, Denis
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21:
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1543:Emperor Huizong
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949:Empress Xuanren
870:
838:A son (b. 1128)
746:Empress Renhuai
739:
720:Emperor Tianzuo
701:Emperor Gaozong
673:Emperor Taizong
665:
657:Emperor Gaozong
640:
634:
626:Emperor Taizong
617:
609:Emperor Huizong
605:Emperor Gaozong
591:
583:Emperor Gaozong
579:fall of Kaifeng
556:Emperor Huizong
530:
468:Literal meaning
354:Literal meaning
285:Emperor Huizong
225:Posthumous name
193:Princess Roujia
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162:Empress Renhuai
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98:Emperor Huizong
89:19 January 1126
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1497:978-0295955148
1496:
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1408:
1377:
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1374:, p. 291.
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137:(aged 61)
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1669:Southern Song
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1606:Northern Song
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1514:House of Zhao
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1474:
1471:(hardcover);
1468:
1466:0-674-44515-5
1462:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:. Routledge.
1439:
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1348:
1345:, p. 32.
1344:
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1333:, p. 53.
1332:
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1288:Jin–Song Wars
1286:
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1261:
1259:
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1249:
1246:
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1241:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
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1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
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1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1189:
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1179:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
989:
988:
983:
982:
976:
971:
970:
967:
966:
961:
960:
955:
954:
950:
945:
944:
941:
940:
931:
930:
925:
924:
918:
913:
912:
909:
908:
903:
902:
897:
896:
892:
887:
875:
874:
867:
860:
859:
845:
842:
837:
836:
834:
831:
820:
819:
805:
802:
797:
788:
787:
786:; 1110–1142)
779:
768:
759:
756:
755:
754:; 1102–1127)
747:
744:
743:
742:
736:
734:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
681:
676:
674:
670:
662:
660:
658:
653:
649:
645:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:heir apparent
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
528:
527:
522:
518:
508:
496:
494:
490:
487:
483:
478:
474:
470:
466:
458:
456:
452:
447:
435:
433:
429:
426:
422:
417:
413:
405:
403:
399:
394:
382:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
338:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
307:
303:
299:
296:
293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
275:
274:Northern Song
271:
268:
266:
262:
259:
256:
254:
250:
241:
238:
234:
229:
226:
222:
217:
214:
210:
205:
200:
196:
188:
186:
182:
163:
158:
154:
149:
144:
140:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
40:
31:
19:
1765:N. Dynasties
1761:S. Dynasties
1716:
1652:
1548:
1529:June 14 1161
1526:
1519:
1512:
1485:
1456:
1437:
1418:
1399:
1367:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1010:Chen Shougui
843:
832:
803:
757:
740:
724:
709:
698:
677:
666:
641:
622:Liao dynasty
618:
592:
572:
560:Empress Wang
549:
541:Song dynasty
536:
532:
531:
524:
517:Chinese name
499:Chónghūn Hóu
493:Hanyu Pinyin
432:Hanyu Pinyin
385:Sòng Qīnzōng
379:Hanyu Pinyin
243:Qinzong (欽宗)
135:(1161-06-14)
133:14 June 1161
1837:1161 deaths
1832:1100 births
1757:16 Kingdoms
1522:May 23 1100
1307:Levine 2009
1196:(1084–1108)
977:(1082–1135)
951:(1032–1093)
919:(1048–1085)
893:(1032–1067)
731:temple name
727:Jin Dynasty
703:signed the
568:Jin dynasty
521:family name
237:Temple name
213:Regnal name
125:23 May 1100
94:Predecessor
1826:Categories
1749:3 Kingdoms
1554:1126–1127
1331:Lorge 2005
1294:References
1119:Wang Kexun
821:Zhao Xun (
789:Zhao Jin (
775:; b. 1121)
690:commandery
85:Coronation
1717:Zhao Bing
1686:Guangzong
1372:Mote 1999
1319:Mote 1999
699:In 1142,
694:Wei River
537:Zhao Huan
438:Zhào Huán
396:Zhao Huan
301:Signature
202:Era dates
104:Successor
1711:Duanzong
1691:Ningzong
1681:Xiaozong
1638:Shenzong
1633:Yingzong
1623:Zhenzong
1398:(eds.).
1390:(1994).
1343:Tao 1976
1242:See also
1142:Wang Zao
868:Ancestry
652:era name
644:Bianjing
601:Zhao Gou
515:In this
191:Zhao Xun
189:Zhao Jin
156:Consorts
150:, Henan)
1676:Gaozong
1653:Qinzong
1648:Huizong
1643:Zhezong
1628:Renzong
1618:Taizong
751:仁懷皇后 朱氏
632:Capture
564:Jurchen
455:Chinese
265:Dynasty
178:
170:
166:
1789:W. Xia
1701:Duzong
1696:Lizong
1525:
1494:
1475:
1463:
1444:
1425:
1406:
844:Cairen
833:Cairen
804:Cairen
783:慎德妃 朱氏
763:皇太子 趙諶
737:Family
519:, the
291:Mother
281:Father
148:Gongyi
142:Burial
62:Taiwan
58:Taipei
1733:Shang
1613:Taizu
1527:Died:
1520:Born:
849:才人 狄氏
809:才人 鄭氏
589:Reign
566:-led
253:House
185:Issue
172:(
168:
76:Reign
1805:Qing
1801:Ming
1797:Yuan
1785:Song
1781:Liao
1773:Tang
1737:Zhou
1706:Gong
1492:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1404:ISBN
772:柔嘉公主
716:polo
685:天水郡公
526:Zhao
270:Song
258:Zhao
130:Died
118:Born
1813:PRC
1809:ROC
1793:Jīn
1769:Sui
1753:Jìn
1745:Han
1741:Qin
1729:Xia
682:" (
554:of
523:is
461:重昏侯
347:宋钦宗
333:宋欽宗
36:宋欽宗
1828::
1811:/
1807:→
1803:→
1799:→
1795:→
1791:/
1787:/
1783:/
1779:→
1775:→
1771:→
1767:→
1763:/
1759:→
1755:/
1751:→
1747:→
1743:→
1739:→
1735:→
1731:→
1386:;
1350:^
858:)
855:玉輝
824:趙訓
818:)
815:慶雲
792:趙謹
659:.
596:李綱
547:.
408:趙桓
174:m.
60:,
56:,
1662:宋
1591:e
1584:t
1577:v
1500:.
1469:.
1450:.
1431:.
1412:.
760:(
529:.
276:)
272:(
20:)
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