287:
and anxiety, and
Emperor Wenxuan deduced that he must have disapproved Emperor Wenxuan's preoccupation with drinking and women, and he declared that he would stop drinking—although his abstention from alcohol only lasted for several days. Emperor Wenxuan also favored irreverent and sometimes immoral games within his palace, but when Gao Yan was present he would curb his behavior, and while Emperor Wenxuan was known for often visiting nobles' households and having sexual relations with their women, regardless of their relationships to him, he did not do so as to Gao Yan's household. During this period of Emperor Wenxuan's reign, then, Gao Yan became one of the only few individuals who would dare to try to get the emperor to change his behavior, although often only with temporary effect. On one occasion, Gao Yan offered a petition listing a number of behaviors that he believed Emperor Wenxuan should change—and this caused Emperor Wenxuan to be exceedingly angry at him, threatening to kill him and sentencing Gao Yan's chief advisor, Wang Xi (王唏), whom Emperor Wenxuan suspected to have contributed to the petition, to hard labor. In a later incident, Emperor Wenxuan, after having awarded Gao Yan a
374:
Lou, who still wielded much power as the clan matriarch, under house arrest, and forcing her to turn her authorities to
Empress Dowager Li. Meanwhile, the ambitious Yang was carrying out a governmental reorganization scheme to trim unnecessary offices and titles and to remove incompetent officials. The officials who were hurt by Yang's actions became disaffected and largely hoped that Gao Yan and Gao Zhan would take action and began to encourage them to do so. In spring 560, Yang considered sending Gao Yan and Gao Zhan outside the capital to be provincial governors, but Emperor Fei initially disagreed. Yang wrote a submission to Empress Dowager Li to ask her to consider, and she consulted her
456:
did not listen to me, you should die!" and left without seeing him again. Soon, believing himself to be near death, he issued an edict stating that Gao
Bainian was too young to take the throne, and that the throne was instead to be passed to Gao Zhan. He also wrote a letter to Gao Zhan, stating, "Bainian is innocent. You can do anything with him, but please do not kill him!" He died later that day, while lamenting that he was unable to serve his mother for the rest of her life. Gao Zhan soon arrived at Jinyang and took the throne (as Emperor Wucheng).
452:
Jinyang. Gao Zhan, was disappointed at
Emperor Xiaozhao not created him crown prince, briefly considered redeclaring Gao Yin emperor and starting a rebellion against Emperor Xiaozhao, but ultimately chose not to do it, as his own sorcerers informed him that they believed that he would become emperor one day anyway. He therefore sent Gao Yin to Jinyang. Soon, Emperor Xiaozhao sent assassins to deliver poisoned wine to Gao Yin. Gao Yin refused to drink it, and the assassins strangled him. Emperor Xiaozhao soon regretted killing his nephew.
383:
agreed, and although initially Grand
Empress Dowager Lou found the action inadvisable, she finally agreed. In fall 560, she issued an edict deposing Emperor Fei and making Gao Yan emperor (as Emperor Xiaozhao); however, in the edict, she sternly warned Emperor Xiaozhao to make sure that nothing would happen to Emperor Fei, who was demoted to the rank of Prince of Ji'nan. Grand Empress Dowager Lou became again known as Empress Dowager Lou, while Empress Dowager Li was given the title of Empress Wenxuan.
343:, Gao Guiyan (高歸彥) the Prince of Pingqin, Yan Zixian (燕子獻), and Zheng Yi (鄭頤). Gao Yan, while respected by the people, was not given great power, and while Grand Empress Dowager Lou had some desire to have Gao Yan made emperor instead, there was insufficient support at the time, and Yang, in fear that Gao Yan and another brother of Emperor Wenxuan,
331:, "A person will live and die, and there is nothing to regret, other than that our son Gao Yin is still young, and someone else will take his throne." He stated to Gao Yan, "Go ahead and take the throne, but do not kill him!" However, he did not change the succession order, and after his death, Gao Yin took the throne as Emperor Fei.
379:
Qindao (宋欽道) were all captured and severely battered. Gao Yan and Gao Zhan then entered the palace and publicly accused Yang and his associates of crimes; Yang and his associates were executed, and Gao Yan took control of the government. He soon went to take up post at
Jinyang, controlling the government remotely.
373:
Once the imperial train arrived at
Yecheng, the situation became even more tense, as an associate of Yang's, Kezhuhun Tianhe (可朱渾天和), was convinced that Emperor Fei would not be safe in his reign unless his two uncles were killed, and alternatively, Yan Zixian considered putting Grand Empress Dowager
286:
Emperor
Wenxuan ruled Northern Qi diligently early in his reign, but later in his reign, perhaps starting 554 or so, he began to act erratically and cruelly toward his officials and members of his own household. On one occasion, when invited to one of Emperor Wenxuan's feasts, his face showed sadness
282:
as its
Emperor Wenxuan. As the new emperor's brother, Gao Yan was created the Prince of Changshan. He received a number of official posts during Emperor Wenxuan's reign, and was said to have distinguished himself in his ability to govern despite his youth, and was known for his solemnity. However, he
392:
with details. He was also said to be filial pious toward
Empress Dowager Lou and loving to his brothers. One brother who was dissatisfied with him, however, was Gao Zhan, whom Emperor Xiaozhao had previously agreed to make crown prince—but who was passed over in favor of Emperor Xiaozhao's own son
391:
Emperor Xiaozhao was said to be diligent in his actions, and after he became emperor, he spent all day looking at laws and regulations of Emperor Wenxuan, seeking to revise the laws that were inappropriate or too harsh. He was praised for his diligence, but also criticized for being overly obsessed
455:
In winter 561, while hunting, Emperor Xiaozhao's horse was spooked by a rabbit, and he fell off the horse and suffered broken ribs. When Empress Dowager Lou came to see him, she asked him where Gao Yin was, and he could not answer. Empress Dowager Lou angrily stated, "Did you kill him? Because you
451:
was still at Yecheng, making Emperor Xiaozhao concerned. Gao Guiyan, who was concerned that Gao Yin would one day take the throne again and retaliate against him, persuaded Emperor Xiaozhao that his nephew had to be removed, and so Emperor Xiaozhao issued an edict to summon the Prince of Ji'nan to
446:
Emperor Xiaozhao, throughout his reign, stayed at the secondary capital Jinyang and did not stay at Yecheng, leaving Yecheng in Gao Zhan's control. In fall 561, Emperor Xiaozhao, concerned that Gao Zhan was becoming too powerful, tried to transfer some of Gao Zhan's authority to the general Hulü
378:
Li Changyi (李昌儀), who leaked the news to Grand Empress Dowager Lou. She informed the two princes, and they set up an ambush, with Gao Guiyan and the generals Heba Ren (賀拔仁) and Hulü Jin (斛律金), at a ceremony where Gao Yan was to be named to a ceremonial post. Yang, Kezhuhun, Yan, Zheng, and Song
382:
Gao Yan's advisors, headed by Wang Xi and Zhao Yanshen (趙彥深), then suggested that he take the throne himself—noting to him that his actions in killing Yang and his associates meant that when Emperor Fei was grown, he would never be able to have a cordial relationship with Emperor Fei. Gao Yan
370:) in spring 560, it was initially believed that Gao Yan or Gao Zhan would be put in charge of Jinyang—then perhaps the most militarily secure city in the empire; instead, by the arrangements of Yang and his associates, the two princes were ordered to accompany the young emperor to Yecheng.
319:
warrior ways, felt that Gao Yin was too Han in his thinking and repeatedly considered deposing him. Particularly when he was drunk, Emperor Wenxuan often stated that he would pass the throne to Gao Yan, and he stopped doing so only after being warned by his prime minister
299:
was a member, tried to get Gao Yan to divorce Princess Yuan, but Gao Yan refused, and when Emperor Wenxuan carried out a massacre of the Yuans in 559, it was at Gao Yan's earnest intercession that Emperor Wenxuan spared Princess Yuan's father Yuan Man (元蠻) and his family.
228:. He was generally considered a capable ruler, but ruled for less than two years before dying from injuries suffered from falling off a horse. The Northern Qi dynasty would not have another capable ruler after his death. He was only 26 when he died.
256:, and Gao Huan's sixth son overall. He was said to be intelligent in his childhood, and was much favored by his mother Princess Lou. At age three, in 538, he was created the Duke of Changshan. He was said to be studious, particularly favoring the
295:. Emperor Wenxuan, in order to placate Gao Yan, then agreed to release Wang Xi from hard labor and return him to Gao Yan's headquarters. Meanwhile, Emperor Wenxuan, who distrusted Eastern Wei's Yuan imperial household, of whom Gao Yan's wife
283:
was also said to be so stern in his ways that if subordinates carried out incorrect actions, he would cane them severely. At times, he participated in military campaigns that Emperor Wenxuan personally commanded.
1767:
291:
while drunk, forgot about the award after he became sober, and accused Gao Yan of stealing the lady in waiting, battering Gao Yan severely with a sword hilt. Gao Yan became angry and went on a
404:
bit by bit. He entrusted much of his decision-making to Wang Xi, Yang Xiuzhi (陽休之), and Cui Jie (崔劼), often having them stay in the palace all day to examine the laws and regulations.
351:, were suggesting to him that he should take power as the young emperor's uncle, and while Gao Yan initially rejected such overtures, he was watching the political scene carefully.
1441:
1450:
1731:
396:, whom Emperor Xiaozhao created crown prince in winter 560, when he also created Princess Yuan empress. He also started long-term strategic planning against rival
1763:
1515:
347:
the Prince of Changguang, would try to take power, took steps to curb their authorities. Meanwhile, Gao Yan's own supporters, citing the example of the
1434:
447:
Xian (斛律羨, Hulü Jin's son), but Gao Zhan refused to transfer any of his authority. Meanwhile, sorcerers informed Emperor Xiaozhao that the imperial
1325:
era of his reign. The month corresponds to 23 Nov to 21 Dec 561 in the Julian calendar. His successor Emperor Wucheng ascended the throne on the
1747:
1719:
1715:
1427:
1707:
1525:
1711:
1703:
1652:
1510:
1490:
1475:
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1500:
1495:
354:
As Emperor Fei took the throne while he was attending to his father's deathbed at the secondary capital Jinyang (晉陽, in modern
275:
327:
In fall 559, Emperor Wenxuan suffered a major illness that historians believed to be alcoholism-driven. He stated to his wife
1624:
1609:
1545:
1535:
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1411:
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59:
1786:
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1614:
1586:
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468:
308:
296:
49:
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436:
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Pursuant to Emperor Wenxuan's will, the government was in the hands of several of his trusted officials –
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1801:
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indicated that he died aged 27 (by East Asian reckoning) in the 11th month of the 2nd year of the
1454:
1360:
412:
123:
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415:(who had fled to Northern Qi in 560 after his failed attempt, supported by Northern Qi, to let
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147:
111:
1780:
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of Eastern Wei following the deaths of Gao Huan in 547 and Gao Cheng in 549, had
1601:
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1237:
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311:, who was known for his studiousness, but Emperor Wenxuan, who, despite his
249:
1634:
1485:
1329:
day of that month, which corresponds to 3 Dec 561 in the Julian calendar.
803:
435:), to plan a campaign against Chen. Later, he made Wang the governor of
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400:, planning to gradually seize Northern Zhou territory east of the
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1423:
362:), when he proceeded to the capital Yecheng (鄴城, in modern
324:
that his statements were potentially causing instability.
1377:
Made heir as he was the eldest son of main wife Lady Yuan
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yield the throne to him, ending Eastern Wei and starting
236:
Gao Yan was born in 535, as the third of six sons that
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and the Prince of Bohai, had with his wife Princess
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45:
33:
28:
21:
1345:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
407:In spring 561, Emperor Xiaozhao had the former
1435:
581:
572:
566:
557:
548:
539:
530:
521:
507:
498:
484:
472:
8:
427:), take up position at Hefei (合肥, in modern
155:
1442:
1428:
1420:
1383:
599:
18:
1020:Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi (535–561)
1297:
1341:"Some Remarks on the Chinese "Bulgar""
1242:
1146:
1040:
1036:
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1022:
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99:
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7:
571:; 560–606), personal name Shande (
209:late November 561), personal name
14:
419:rule as Liang's emperor, against
270:In 550, Gao Yang, who had become
423:and the Northern Zhou-supported
240:, then the paramount general of
1304:(八月壬午，皇帝即位于晋阳宣德殿，大赦，改乾明元年为皇建。)
276:Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei
203:Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi
22:Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi
1412:Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi
547:Gao Yankang, Prince Dingyang (
506:Gao Liang, Prince Xiangcheng (
266:During Emperor Wenxuan's reign
1:
1732:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
556:Gao Yanzhong, Prince Ruyang (
538:Gao Yanji, Prince Chengyang (
471:, of the Yuan clan of Henan (
206:
81:
38:
142:Huángjiàn (皇建): 560–561
529:Gao Yande, Prince Shiping (
483:, Prince Leling Lianghuai (
248:, after his older brothers
1818:
1395:Emperor Fei of Northern Qi
1140:
1038:
1034:
923:
822:
814:
704:
610:
606:
335:During Emperor Fei's reign
158:"filial and accomplished")
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1220:
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712:
679:
660:
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627:
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582:
573:
567:
558:
549:
540:
531:
522:
520:Gao Yanli, Prince Runan (
508:
499:
485:
473:
169:
153:
141:
107:
98:
154:Emperor Xiàozhāo (孝昭皇帝;
1317:Gao Yan's biography in
137:Era name and dates
1402:Emperor of Northern Qi
1339:Chen, Sanping (1998).
915:Empress Wenmu (d. 496)
696:Gao Shusheng (472–526)
512:; 551–577), eldest son
489:; 556–564), second son
93:Yijing Mausoleum (義靖陵)
29:Emperor of Northern Qi
16:Emperor of Northern Qi
334:
265:
1787:Northern Qi emperors
1531:Prince of Changguang
1516:Daughter of Xiaoming
1486:Prince Yin of Nan'an
752:Lady Shusun of Henan
565:Princess Jianchang (
497:, of the Sang clan (
464:Consorts and Issue:
439:(揚州, modern central
1792:Northern Qi regents
1319:Book of Northern Qi
315:ethnicity, favored
226:Northern Qi dynasty
1455:Northern dynasties
303:Emperor Wenxuan's
37:8 September 560 –
1774:
1773:
1418:
1417:
1409:Succeeded by
1288:
1287:
469:Empress Shuncheng
205:((北)齊孝昭帝) (535 –
200:
199:
174:
173:
84:late November 561
41:late November 561
1809:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1392:Preceded by
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1336:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1302:
644:Gao Mi (428–472)
600:
585:
584:
580:Married Mr. Lu (
576:
575:
570:
569:
561:
560:
552:
551:
543:
542:
534:
533:
525:
524:
511:
510:
502:
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488:
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476:
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262:in his studies.
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100:
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40:
19:
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1338:
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1333:
1316:
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1303:
1299:
1294:
1289:
597:
462:
389:
376:lady in waiting
337:
329:Empress Li Zu'e
289:lady in waiting
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224:of the Chinese
148:Posthumous name
132:
129:
120:
94:
60:Emperor Wucheng
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1387:Regnal titles
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1351:(1/2): 69–83.
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1238:Empress Wuming
1235:
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1225:
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611:
609:
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598:
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591:
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563:
562:), seventh son
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336:
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15:
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1645:Northern Zhou
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631:
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601:
594:
579:
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537:
535:), fourth son
528:
519:
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459:
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444:
442:
438:
437:Yang Province
434:
430:
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425:Western Liang
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:Liang dynasty
405:
403:
399:
398:Northern Zhou
395:
386:
384:
380:
377:
371:
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361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
298:
297:Princess Yuan
294:
293:hunger strike
290:
284:
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277:
273:
263:
261:
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243:
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220:(延安), was an
219:
216:
215:courtesy name
212:
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72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1720:N. Dynasties
1716:S. Dynasties
1619:
1463:Northern Wei
1400:
1373:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1300:
729:Shusun Chong
553:), sixth son
544:), fifth son
526:), third son
494:
463:
454:
445:
421:Chen dynasty
406:
402:Yellow River
390:
381:
372:
353:
349:Duke of Zhou
338:
326:
307:was his son
305:crown prince
302:
285:
269:
257:
235:
217:
210:
202:
201:
1712:16 Kingdoms
1602:Northern Qi
1574:Western Wei
1556:Eastern Wei
673:Lady Murong
481:Gao Bainian
417:Xiao Zhuang
394:Gao Bainian
280:Northern Qi
259:Book of Han
246:Lou Zhaojun
242:Eastern Wei
195:Northern Qi
170:Sùzōng (肅宗)
164:Temple name
112:Family name
50:Emperor Fei
46:Predecessor
1802:561 deaths
1797:535 births
1781:Categories
1704:3 Kingdoms
1526:Xiaozhuang
1323:Huang'jian
1306:Bei Qi Shu
1292:References
1132:Lou Neigan
232:Early life
124:Given name
1357:0001-6446
1308:, vol.06.
1240:(501–562)
806:(496–547)
486:樂陵良懷王 高百年
474:順成皇后 河南元氏
250:Gao Cheng
103:Full name
56:Successor
1620:Xiaozhao
1564:Xiaojing
1511:Xiaoming
1491:Wencheng
1476:Mingyuan
1451:Emperors
1406:560–561
1365:43391682
1327:gui'chou
804:Gao Huan
595:Ancestry
517:Unknown
413:Wang Lin
411:general
345:Gao Zhan
341:Yang Yin
322:Yang Yin
254:Gao Yang
238:Gao Huan
1653:Xiaomin
1625:Wucheng
1610:Wenxuan
1501:Xiaowen
1496:Xianwen
1453:of the
559:汝陽王 高彥忠
550:定陽王 高彥康
541:城陽王 高彥基
532:始平王 高彥德
523:汝南王 高彥理
356:Taiyuan
317:Xianbei
309:Gao Yin
222:emperor
211:Gao Yan
190:Dynasty
128:Yǎn (演)
1744:W. Xia
1635:Youzhu
1630:Houzhu
1546:Xiaowu
1541:Houfei
1536:Jiemin
1521:Youzhu
1506:Xuanwu
1363:
1355:
1081:Lou Ti
621:Gao Hu
509:襄城王 高亮
460:Family
364:Handan
360:Shanxi
272:regent
218:Yan'an
213:(高演),
89:Burial
1688:Shang
1481:Taiwu
1471:Daowu
1361:JSTOR
441:Anhui
433:Anhui
429:Hefei
387:Reign
368:Hebei
180:House
34:Reign
24:北齊孝昭帝
1760:Qing
1756:Ming
1752:Yuan
1740:Song
1736:Liao
1728:Tang
1692:Zhou
1673:Jing
1668:Xuan
1658:Ming
1592:Gong
1353:ISSN
568:建昌公主
500:嬪 桑氏
449:aura
252:and
156:lit.
78:Died
70:Born
1768:PRC
1764:ROC
1748:Jīn
1724:Sui
1708:Jìn
1700:Han
1696:Qin
1684:Xia
1615:Fei
1587:Fei
1582:Wen
495:Pin
443:).
313:Han
184:Gao
119:(高)
117:Gāo
73:535
1783::
1766:/
1762:→
1758:→
1754:→
1750:→
1746:/
1742:/
1738:/
1734:→
1730:→
1726:→
1722:→
1718:/
1714:→
1710:/
1706:→
1702:→
1698:→
1694:→
1690:→
1686:→
1663:Wu
1359:.
1349:51
1347:.
1343:.
577:)
574:善德
503:)
477:)
431:,
366:,
358:,
207:c.
126::
114::
82:c.
39:c.
1443:e
1436:t
1429:v
1367:.
586:)
583:陸
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