240:, turned against Wang and surrendered to Li Congke. Li Congke marched on Luoyang, and Li Conghou fled the capital. In the emperor's absence, the officials turned to Empress Dowager Cao, who subsequently issued edicts deposing Li Conghou and declaring Li Congke regent, and then emperor. Li Conghou was subsequently killed in flight — as Shi, who was initially intending to support him against Li Congke, also turned against him when he saw how little support Li Conghou had by that point, killed all of his remaining guards and leaving him unable to fend for himself when Li Congke subsequently sent emissaries to kill him. Empress Dowager Cao continued to be empress dowager.
277:
Congke's rebellion against Li
Conghou), and so had them removed from their military governor posts and had them reside at Luoyang. In 934, at a feast that Li Congke held for the imperial clan, in the middle of the feast, Li Congke suddenly turned to Li Congzhang and Li Congmin, stating to them, "What kind of things are you two, that you get to occupy important circuits repeatedly?" They became very fearful. Empress Dowager Cao, apparently to save them, stated to them, "The Emperor is drunk. Leave now!"
296:, defeated the Later Tang troops that Li Congke sent against him. He then marched toward Luoyang. Believing that defeat was inevitable, Li Congke gathered his family members, including Empress Dowager Cao, and a group of officers still loyal to him, to commit suicide by fire. Consort Dowager Wang tried to persuade Empress Dowager Cao not to participate in the mass suicide — noting to her that Shi was her son-in-law. Empress Dowager Cao rejected her overture, stating:
273:) would be fearful that they would be targeted next. Li Congke thus allowed Shi to return to Hedong. Subsequently, Shi used the daughter-mother relationship between his wife (who had then been created the Grand Princess of Jin) and Empress Dowager Cao to bribe Empress Dowager Cao's attendants to spy on the events of Li Congke's court.
276:
Li Congke also intensely disliked his cousins Li
Congzhang (李從璋) the Prince of Yang and Li Congmin (李從敏) the Prince of Jing, for their brashness and corruption, and particularly because Li Congmin had participated in the killing of Li Congke's son Li Chongji (李重吉) (at Li Conghou's order, during Li
248:
After what had occurred, Shi
Jingtang remained at Luoyang for some time and did not dare to speak of returning to Hedong, because there had a long-time rivalry previously between Li Congke and Shi when both were serving under Li Siyuan, and because Li Congke knew that Shi had initially intended to
149:
In 930, Li Siyuan was preparing to create
Consort Cao empress. She stated to Consort Wang, "I have always despised minute matters, and I do not want to be involved in ceremonies. You, sister, should substitute for me." Consort Wang responded, "The Central Palace matches the Supreme One . Who
167:
Li Siyuan died in late 933, and his second son by Lady Xia, Li
Conghou the Prince of Song, succeeded him as emperor. (Lady Xia's older son Li Congrong the Prince of Qin, who had previously been considered the likely heir, had tried to seize power in Li Siyuan's illness, but was killed by the
249:
support Li
Conghou. However, both Empress Dowager Cao and Shi Jingtang's wife the Princess of Wei often spoke in defense of Shi. Li Congke's associates who came to Luoyang with him from Fengxiang mostly advocated keeping Shi at Luoyang, but the imperial scholars
235:
to
Tianxiong. However, at that time, many generals who were transferred met ill fates, and Li Congke feared that these actions were intended against him. He thus rebelled, and the army that Li Conghou sent against him, under command of the general
700:
154:. Consort Wang served both Li Siyuan and Empress Cao carefully, such that Empress Cao and Consort Wang became very close. However, it was said that because of this, Consort Wang effectively controlled what occurred in the palace.
211:)) had (as Shi and Li Congke had both been long-time generals under Li Siyuan and were respected by the army), decided to move them to prevent them from being entrenched. They also wanted to summon their ally, the eunuch
308:
the Prince of Xu, as well as Li Congyi's younger sister, thus hid at a polo field and did not participate in the mass suicide, but
Empress Dowager Cao joined and died in the mass suicide. In 940, Shi gave her a
693:
1516:
686:
84:, indicated. It is further unclear how she became the wife — or one of multiple wives — of Li Siyuan's, or whether two other wives or concubines of his, Lady Xia (the mother of his sons
223:), back to Luoyang. They therefore issued a series of orders (without an imperial edict) transferring Li Congke to Hedong, Shi to Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern
70:
It is not known when the future
Empress Cao was born — indeed, virtually nothing was known about her background even by the time of the next succeeding united Chinese dynasty,
96:, who was fathered by Lady Wei's original husband, named Wang), were considered of coequal status with her or not. It appeared that she had no son, but had at least one
1496:
300:
My son, grandson, daughter-in-law, and granddaughters, have reached this point. How do I have the heart to live by myself? You, sister, protect yourself.
1156:
1532:
1093:
134:, which otherwise lacked biographical information for her in its biographies for Later Tang empresses), she was given the imperial consort title
709:
257:(who had also married a sister of Li Congke's and who was then serving as the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
27:
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150:
would dare to step in?" Li Siyuan subsequently created
Consort Cao empress, and later promoted Consort Wang to the rank of
1563:
1412:
734:
610:
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828:
55:
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253:
and Li Zhuanmei (李專美) both advocated sending Shi back to Hedong, believing that if Li Congke did not do so, both
1472:
1077:
976:
841:
280:
In 936, Shi, after Li Congke issued an edict transferring him to Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern
678:
108:, Lady Cao, as Li Siyuan's wife, was created the Lady of Chu. After Lady Xia's death, Li Siyuan also took a
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895:
836:
97:
1382:
1313:
186:
215:, who was then temporarily overseeing the governance of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern
203:)) and Li Congke (who was then the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
112:
as a concubine, and Lady Wang became his favorite, as Lady Cao was described to favor the simple life.
1045:
935:
774:
764:
109:
1583:
784:
142:, Lady Wang, who then carried the title of the Lady of Han, was given the lesser consort title of
1241:
1087:
670:
643:
124:
in 926, and Li Siyuan subsequently claimed imperial title. Either that year (as stated by the
1269:
1009:
1118:
24:
310:
169:
39:
547:
335:
100:, the future Princess of Wei, then of Jin, who married Li Siyuan's subordinate officer
1557:
1287:
1040:
1027:
212:
189:, apprehensive of the powers that Shi Jingtang (who was then the military governor (
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873:
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1202:
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1072:
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927:
795:
266:
89:
81:
43:
31:
104:. Sometime during the reign of Li Siyuan's adoptive brother and predecessor
1251:
305:
93:
62:, she died in a mass suicide with Li Congke, his family, and some officers.
47:
35:
281:
863:
666:
639:
622:
285:
191:
177:
105:
128:) or later, in 928 (as stated in the annals of Li Siyuan's reign in the
509:
270:
258:
208:
196:
121:
59:
651:
269:
the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern
216:
200:
1105:
614:
262:
228:
220:
204:
682:
352:
19:(曹皇后, personal name unknown) (died January 11, 937), formally
168:
imperial guards.) In 934, Li Conghou honored Empress Cao as
313:
and buried her pursuant to the ceremonies due an empress.
1442:
1433:
1411:
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1364:
1342:
1333:
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1147:
1138:
1104:
1086:
1054:
1026:
1008:
990:
962:
953:
926:
904:
882:
850:
827:
794:
751:
733:
724:
353:Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
195:) of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
54:rebelled against Li Congke, establishing his own
298:
120:Li Cunxu was killed in a mutiny at the capital
92:) and Lady Wei (the mother of his adoptive son
34:. Her husband was Later Tang's second emperor
694:
175:Shortly after, Li Conghou's chiefs of staff (
8:
1439:
1408:
1370:
1339:
1229:
1144:
1060:
959:
888:
730:
701:
687:
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570:
304:Consort Dowager Wang and her adoptive son
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463:
446:
444:
330:
328:
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42:during the subsequent reigns of his son
427:
425:
406:
404:
322:
710:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
28:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
7:
58:and attacked the Later Tang capital
288:), rebelled, and, allying with the
231:), and Chengde's military governor
50:. Eventually, when her son-in-law
14:
536:New History of the Five Dynasties
375:New History of the Five Dynasties
126:New History of the Five Dynasties
77:New History of the Five Dynasties
600:Empress of China (Most regions)
38:(Emperor Mingzong), and she was
116:As imperial consort and empress
46:(Emperor Min) and adoptive son
23:(和武憲皇后), was an empress of the
265:)) and Zhao's adoptive father
1:
1517:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
524:History of the Five Dynasties
512:Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian
432:History of the Five Dynasties
412:History of the Five Dynasties
140:History of the Five Dynasties
131:History of the Five Dynasties
719:Empresses and queens consort
650:Wife to Sovereign of China (
621:Wife to Sovereign of China (
74:, as the Song author of the
1574:Suicides by self-immolation
1405:(and other northern states)
1383:Grand Empress Dowager Huang
1336:(and other northern states)
1141:(and other northern states)
727:(and other northern states)
1600:
1469:
1436:(other than Northern Han)
1395:
1367:(other than Northern Han)
1352:Grand Empress Dowager Liu
1326:
1226:(other than Northern Han)
1131:
1063:
956:(other than Northern Han)
891:
717:
663:
648:
636:
619:
607:
598:
588:
581:
573:
163:During Li Conghou's reign
138:(淑妃). (According to the
244:During Li Congke's reign
146:(德妃) at the same time.)
1328:Grand empresses dowager
1569:Suicides in Later Tang
583:Empress of Later Tang
302:
1314:Empress Dowager Huang
243:
162:
1564:Later Tang empresses
1397:Posthumous empresses
1278:Empress Dowager Wang
1046:Queen Zhou the Elder
712:empresses and queens
317:Notes and references
1175:Empress Dowager Liu
1157:Empress Dowager Cao
914:Liu Chong's empress
754:concurrent warlords
1579:9th-century births
1260:Empress Dowager Li
1242:Empress Dowager Xu
1211:Empress Dowager Fu
158:As empress dowager
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1550:
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1464:
1429:
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1360:
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1133:Empresses dowager
1127:
1126:
1100:
1099:
949:
948:
922:
921:
677:
676:
664:Succeeded by
589:Succeeded by
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1409:
1371:
1340:
1230:
1145:
1061:
960:
889:
731:
703:
696:
689:
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637:Preceded by
608:Preceded by
574:Preceded by
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467:
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21:Empress Hewuxian
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1004:
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311:posthumous name
294:Emperor Taizong
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170:empress dowager
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118:
68:
40:empress dowager
12:
11:
5:
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1403:Five Dynasties
1400:
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1334:Five Dynasties
1331:
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1199:
1198:
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1177:
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1139:Five Dynasties
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
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1121:
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1021:
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725:Five Dynasties
722:
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548:Zizhi Tongjian
544:
532:
517:
516:
501:
493:Zizhi Tongjian
478:
470:Zizhi Tongjian
459:
451:Zizhi Tongjian
440:
421:
400:
392:Zizhi Tongjian
384:
357:
345:
336:Zizhi Tongjian
321:
320:
318:
315:
245:
242:
164:
161:
159:
156:
117:
114:
67:
64:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1596:
1585:
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1325:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1288:Southern Tang
1285:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
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1249:
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1137:
1130:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
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1107:
1103:
1095:
1094:Empress Zhang
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
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1062:
1059:
1057:
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1041:Empress Zhong
1039:
1037:
1034:
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1028:Southern Tang
1025:
1019:
1016:
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743:Empress Zhang
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297:
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290:Khitan Empire
287:
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278:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
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241:
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213:Meng Hanqiong
210:
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73:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
26:
22:
18:
1505:N. Dynasties
1501:S. Dynasties
1434:Ten Kingdoms
1365:Ten Kingdoms
1224:Ten Kingdoms
1068:Chen Jinfeng
1018:Empress Wang
992:Southern Han
972:Empress Zhou
954:Ten Kingdoms
906:Northern Han
874:Xiao Sagezhi
869:Empress Zhen
842:Empress Feng
814:Empress Kong
808:
655:
649:
626:
620:
599:
592:Empress Kong
582:
546:
534:
522:
508:
504:
492:
469:
450:
431:
410:
391:
387:
373:
348:
334:
303:
299:
279:
275:
255:Zhao Yanshou
247:
233:Fan Yanguang
225:Shijiazhuang
190:
183:Zhu Hongzhao
176:
174:
166:
151:
148:
143:
139:
135:
129:
125:
119:
102:Shi Jingtang
75:
72:Song Dynasty
69:
52:Shi Jingtang
20:
16:
15:
1497:16 Kingdoms
1452:Ren Neiming
1413:Later Liang
1114:Sun Taizhen
982:Jin Feishan
977:Empress Gao
857:occupation)
851:Interregnum
819:Empress Liu
809:Empress Cao
804:Empress Liu
781:Empress Liu
771:Empress Zhu
752:Consorts of
735:Later Liang
577:Empress Liu
514:, vol. 69 .
251:Han Zhaoyin
238:Wang Sitong
86:Li Congrong
17:Empress Cao
1584:937 deaths
1558:Categories
1489:3 Kingdoms
1421:Lady Zhang
1296:Song Fujin
1234:Former Shu
1203:Later Zhou
1193:Empress Li
1149:Later Tang
1078:Empress Li
1073:Li Chunyan
1036:Song Fujin
1000:Empress Ma
964:Former Shu
941:Empress Fu
936:Empress Fu
928:Later Zhou
896:Empress Li
837:Empress Li
796:Later Tang
761:Empress Li
267:Zhao Dejun
90:Li Conghou
82:Ouyang Xiu
66:Background
44:Li Conghou
32:Later Tang
1344:Later Jin
1252:Later Shu
1185:Later Han
1167:Later Jin
884:Later Han
829:Later Jin
306:Li Congyi
110:Lady Wang
94:Li Congke
56:Later Jin
48:Li Congke
36:Li Siyuan
1119:Queen Yu
864:Xiao Wen
667:Lady Jin
661:930–933
640:Lady Cui
632:932–933
623:Zhejiang
603:930–933
586:930–933
551:, vols.
497:vol. 279
474:vol. 278
455:vol. 277
396:vol. 275
341:vol. 280
286:Shandong
192:Jiedushi
187:Feng Yun
178:shumishi
106:Li Cunxu
98:daughter
1457:Liu Hua
656:de jure
627:de jure
611:Lady Wu
541:vol. 15
529:vol. 49
510:Bo Yang
436:vol. 49
417:vol. 39
380:vol. 15
271:Beijing
259:Kaifeng
209:Shaanxi
197:Taiyuan
122:Luoyang
60:Luoyang
25:Chinese
1529:W. Xia
1471:Xia →
652:Fujian
282:Tai'an
217:Handan
201:Shanxi
152:Shufei
136:Shufei
30:state
1473:Shang
1106:Wuyue
615:Wuyue
263:Henan
229:Hebei
221:Hebei
205:Baoji
144:Defei
1545:Qing
1541:Ming
1537:Yuan
1525:Song
1521:Liao
1513:Tang
1477:Zhou
855:Liao
185:and
88:and
1533:Jīn
1509:Sui
1493:Jìn
1485:Han
1481:Qin
1444:Min
1375:Min
1306:Min
1088:Yin
1056:Min
775:Yan
765:Yan
671:Min
669:of
654:) (
644:Min
642:of
625:) (
613:of
565:280
561:279
557:278
553:277
292:'s
1560::
1543:→
1539:→
1535:→
1531:/
1527:/
1523:/
1519:→
1515:→
1511:→
1507:→
1503:/
1499:→
1495:/
1491:→
1487:→
1483:→
1479:→
1475:→
1270:Wu
1010:Wu
785:Qi
658:)
629:)
563:,
559:,
555:,
539:,
527:,
495:,
481:^
472:,
462:^
453:,
443:^
434:,
424:^
415:,
403:^
394:,
378:,
360:^
339:,
325:^
284:,
261:,
227:,
219:,
207:,
199:,
181:)
172:.
80:,
853:(
787:)
783:(
777:)
773:(
767:)
763:(
702:e
695:t
688:v
567:.
543:.
531:.
499:.
476:.
457:.
438:.
419:.
398:.
382:.
355:.
343:.
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