113:. The suspicion was displayed in spring 936, when, at Li Congke's birthday, the princess had travelled from Hedong to celebrate at Luoyang, apparently to trying to alleviate those suspicions. After she offered Li Congke wine to wish him long life, she asked to take leave of him and return to Hedong's capital Taiyuan. Li Congke was already drunk, and he made the comment, "Why do you not stay longer? You wanted to return so quickly. Is it that you are about to rebel with Master Shi?" When she returned to Taiyuan and informed Shi, Shi became even more apprehensive. Later in the year, when Li Congke tried to transfer him from Hedong to Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern
250:). He informed Empress Dowager Li, "I heard that Shi Chonggui did not listen to you, his mother, and therefore fell to this state. You may decide what you wish to do. You need not go with him." She responded, "Shi Chonggui served me, your servant girl, carefully. His fault was that he violated the wishes of the late Emperor and ended the two states' friendliness. Now I have received your great grace that the entire family survives. Where could a mother go but to follow her son?"
233:. Shi Chonggui surrendered, ending Later Jin. As part of the surrender petition, Shi Chonggui referred to himself as "grandson" (as Shi Jingtang had honored Emperor Taizong as father), and Empress Dowager Li referred to herself as "daughter-in-law." However, apparently to spare them further humiliation (at that point), Emperor Taizong declined a formal, public surrender ceremony; he just entered Kaifeng and took over Later Jin's territory.
106:
behalf, and Li Congke ultimately allowed him to return to Hedong. (Shi would later claim that Li Congke also made a promise that he would never move Shi away from Hedong during Shi's lifetime, although it is not clear whether Li Congke actually made such a promise.) In 935, Li Congke gave the princess the greater title of Grand
Princess of Jin.
102:) toward Luoyang. By the time he reached Luoyang's vicinity, however, Li Congke's army had already entered Luoyang, and Li Conghou had fled. Instead of supporting Li Conghou when he encountered Li Conghou, Shi slaughtered Li Conghou's guards, leaving him completely vulnerable. Li Congke subsequently had Li Conghou killed and took the throne.
291:
well as his adoptive son Shi Yanxu (石延煦). When
Emperor Shizong's brother-in-law Xiao Channu (蕭禪奴) indicated that he wanted Shi Chonggui's daughter but Shi Chonggui did not want to surrender her, Emperor Shizong seized her and gave her to Xiao. In the fall, as Emperor Shizong was returning to his capital Linhuang (臨潢, in modern
290:
In 948, Emperor
Shizong visited Liaoyang, on the way up the mountains for the summer. Shi Chonggui and his household went to pay homage to him. Emperor Shizong comforted Shi Chonggui, but, as Emperor Shizong was leaving Liaoyang, took 15 of Shi Chonggui's eunuchs and 15 of his attending officials, as
216:
It was said that Shi
Chonggui served both Empress Dowager Li and Consort Dowager An diligently, often attending to them at their meals. However, he displeased her by marrying the widow of his uncle/brother Shi Chongyin (石重胤) (Shi Jingtang's biological brother and therefore Shi Chonggui's biological
105:
Shi pledged loyalty to Li Congke. However, as they had previously not liked each other while both served under Li Siyuan, Li Congke's close associates advised him to keep Shi at
Luoyang and not allow him to return to Hedong. The princess and her mother Empress Dowager Cao, however, pleaded on Shi's
70:
and Shi was an officer under him, Shi was already referred to as a son-in-law of his, suggesting that they were married by that point. In 928, by which time Li Siyuan was emperor of Later Tang, he created Lady Li the
Princess Yonging. In 933 (just before Li Siyuan's death), he created her the
278:
northwest of
Huanglong). Soon thereafter, though, Grand Empress Dowager Shulü, who opposed Emperor Shizong's succession, was defeated by Emperor Shizong and removed from power herself. Emperor Shizong instead decided to resettle Shi Chonggui's household at Liaoyang (遼陽, in modern
167:, no formal creation ever occurred during Shi's lifetime. Her only known son Shi Chongxin (and another son of his, Shi Chong'ai (石重乂), who might or might not have been her son) were killed in 937 by the rebellious general Zhang Congbin (張從賓), whose rebellion was later suppressed.
323:) to be housed at a Buddhist temple — as You, while a Liao possession by that point, traditionally was considered Chinese soil. However, for reasons unknown, although Shi did burn her body, he buried her ashes right at Jian Prefecture and did not try to deliver them to You.
224:
Shi
Chonggui turned against Shi Jingtang's policy of being respectful to the Khitan (whose state Emperor Taizong had renamed Liao by this point); rather, he took a confrontational stance against Liao. In 946, Emperor Taizong, after trapping the major Later Jin general
319:, stating, "Even after I die I will not spare you!" She was unaware that both Du and Li Shouzhen had been killed. She died shortly after. Her wishes were that her body be burned and the ashes be delivered to You Prefecture (幽州, in modern
760:
137:
assassinated Zhang and offered to surrender) and headed toward
Luoyang, Li Congke committed suicide with his family (including the princess's mother Empress Dowager Cao), ending Later Tang. Later Jin took over Later Tang's territory.
241:
In spring 947, Emperor
Taizong created Shi Chonggui the Marquess of Fuyi (i.e., "the marquess who turned away from righteousness"), and prepared to relocate him and his family deep into Liao territory, to Huanglong (黃龍, in modern
314:
Empress Dowager Li fell ill in 950. There was no physician or medication available at Jian Prefecture, and her conditions grew worse. As she fell extremely ill, she held Shi Chonggui's hands and cursed Du Wei and Du's deputy
753:
311:). The military governor at Jian Prefecture, Zhao Yanhui (趙延暉), yielded his headquarters for them to live in. Shi Chonggui had his followers until the land and establish an agricultural settlement.
1576:
746:
151:
At some point, it appeared that the princess was created empress by Shi Jingtang — although traditional histories differ as to timing or even whether it occurred. According to the
71:
Princess of Wei. She and Shi Jingtang had at least one son, Shi Chongxin (石重信); it is not known whether any of his other five known sons or any daughter of his was born of her.
196:, believing that the state needed an older emperor, supported Shi Jingtang's adoptive son (and biological nephew, as the biological son of his older brother Shi Jingru (石敬儒))
1638:
109:
By 936, however, much mutual suspicion had developed between Li Congke and Shi, and Li Congke thought that Shi might rebel with the support of Later Tang's northern rival
303:
city and give them land for agriculture. Emperor Shizong agreed, and sent her back to Chaoyang with Shi Yanxu. He later resettled them at Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern
261:(Empress Feng's brother), and Li Yantao (李彥韜). On the way, their train was poorly supplied, such that even Shi Chonggui and Empress Dowager Li sometimes lacked food.
221:, as his wife and empress. Empress Feng became quite powerful in Shi Chonggui's administration, and Empress Dowager Li repeatedly tried to correct her, to no avail.
1556:
1653:
1643:
185:
In 942, Shi fell ill. By that point, his only surviving son (of the seven known to history) was Shi Chongrui (石重睿). He entrusted Shi Chongrui to the senior
1648:
1216:
1592:
1153:
129:
then put Taiyuan under siege, Emperor Taizong came to Shi's aid and crushed Zhang's army. Emperor Taizong then declared Shi the emperor of a new
174:. In 939, Shi Jingtang created Li Congyi the Duke of Xun, and had him be in charge of offering sacrifices to the emperors of the Later Tang and
769:
23:
1564:
1560:
830:
1552:
1480:
820:
840:
299:), Empress Dowager Li decided to intercept him before he went back to Linhuang, and requested that he resettle their household near a
1548:
622:
610:
406:
384:
163:
878:
868:
706:
55:
253:
Soon, Shi Chonggui, Empress Dowager Li, and the rest of the family were sent on their way, along with the key Later Jin officials
1628:
863:
133:, and subsequently, after the joint Khitan/Later Jin forces accepted the surrender of the Later Tang army (after Zhang's deputy
1658:
1516:
1411:
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1234:
1000:
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1319:
264:
Emperor Taizong himself soon withdrew from Kaifeng, but died on the way back to Liao proper, and was succeeded by his nephew
186:
94:). Shi, initially intending to support Li Conghou, launched his own troops from Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
192:, intending to have Feng support Shi Chongrui to succeed him. After he died shortly after, however, Feng and the general
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uncle, but whom Shi Jingtang adopted at his own son (as he did Shi Chonggui) and therefore was an adoptive brother),
1633:
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redirected Shi Chonggui's household, intending to settle them at Huaimi Prefecture (懷密州, said to be 1,500
1442:
1373:
157:, her creation was immediately upon his taking the throne as the emperor of Later Jin. According to the
269:
1105:
995:
834:
824:
179:
1623:
844:
178:. As Li Congyi was still young, Empress Li took to raising him herself, and she honored his mother
1301:
1147:
304:
205:
58:, who would later be empress during Li Siyuan's reign. It is not known exactly when she married
1329:
1069:
78:, then emperor, was facing the rebellion by their adoptive brother (Li Siyuan's adoptive son)
1178:
274:
20:
360:
201:
634:
343:
296:
153:
134:
1617:
1347:
1100:
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86:
from his post as military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
1127:
1051:
965:
933:
914:
873:
197:
175:
126:
110:
59:
39:
1511:
1503:
1434:
1365:
1173:
1115:
1041:
316:
300:
226:
182:(Li Siyuan's favorite concubine) as if the Consort Dowager were her own mother.
1355:
1293:
1262:
1208:
1132:
1095:
1023:
987:
855:
710:
75:
63:
50:
It is not known when the future Empress Li was born. It is known that she was
27:
1311:
243:
171:
79:
51:
31:
114:
62:, but as of 919, at which time her father Li Siyuan was still a general of
923:
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280:
254:
189:
118:
19:(李皇后, personal name unknown; died October 7, 950) was a princess of the
320:
292:
258:
230:
95:
91:
83:
718:
99:
1165:
247:
87:
200:
the Prince of Qi as emperor. Shi Chonggui honored Empress Li as
742:
363:
229:
and getting Du to surrender to him, advanced on then-capital
125:. When Later Tang forces under the command of the general
161:, the creation did not occur until 941. According to the
82:
the Prince of Lu, who was advancing toward the capital
1502:
1493:
1471:
1462:
1433:
1424:
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1164:
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1114:
1086:
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1050:
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1013:
986:
964:
942:
910:
887:
854:
811:
793:
784:
54:'s third daughter. Her mother was Li Siyuan's wife
121:), he thus rebelled and sought aid from Khitan's
74:In 934, the princess's biological half-brother
170:Empress Li did have a surviving half-brother,
754:
268:. Around this time, Emperor Taizong's mother
8:
1639:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms princesses
1499:
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1399:
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332:
770:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
24:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
38:(as the wife of its founding emperor
7:
1654:Later Jin (Five Dynasties) Buddhists
1644:Later Jin (Five Dynasties) empresses
34:) and an empress of the succeeding
364:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
14:
1649:Jin (Later Tang precursor) people
623:New History of the Five Dynasties
611:Old History of the Five Dynasties
451:New History of the Five Dynasties
407:New History of the Five Dynasties
385:Old History of the Five Dynasties
164:New History of the Five Dynasties
287:) and send them some supplies.
30:(as a daughter of its emperor
1:
1577:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
779:Empresses and queens consort
1465:(and other northern states)
1443:Grand Empress Dowager Huang
1396:(and other northern states)
1201:(and other northern states)
787:(and other northern states)
730:Empress of China (Central)
270:Grand Empress Dowager Shulü
212:During Shi Chonggui's reign
208:of Qin as consort dowager.
147:During Shi Jingtang's reign
1680:
1529:
1496:(other than Northern Han)
1455:
1427:(other than Northern Han)
1412:Grand Empress Dowager Liu
1386:
1286:(other than Northern Han)
1191:
1123:
1016:(other than Northern Han)
951:
777:
728:
715:
703:
693:
686:
680:
46:During Jin and Later Tang
1629:People from North China
1388:Grand empresses dowager
1659:Liao dynasty Buddhists
683:None (dynasty founded)
237:After Later Jin's fall
1664:Daughters of emperors
1374:Empress Dowager Huang
688:Empress of Later Jin
211:
146:
66:'s predecessor state
1457:Posthumous empresses
1338:Empress Dowager Wang
1106:Queen Zhou the Elder
772:empresses and queens
382:Commentaries to the
327:Notes and references
236:
180:Consort Dowager Wang
1235:Empress Dowager Liu
1217:Empress Dowager Cao
974:Liu Chong's empress
814:concurrent warlords
1320:Empress Dowager Li
1302:Empress Dowager Xu
1271:Empress Dowager Fu
717:Empress of China (
1634:Later Tang people
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204:, and his mother
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142:During Later Jin
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266:Emperor Shizong
239:
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202:empress dowager
149:
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123:Emperor Taizong
48:
12:
11:
5:
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1391:
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1199:Five Dynasties
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858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
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828:
817:
815:
809:
808:
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805:
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797:
788:
785:Five Dynasties
782:
781:
778:
775:
774:
768:
766:
765:
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751:
743:
735:
734:
726:
725:
714:
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695:
692:
685:
682:
676:
675:
635:Zizhi Tongjian
631:
619:
604:
603:
595:Zizhi Tongjian
587:
579:Zizhi Tongjian
566:
558:Zizhi Tongjian
550:
542:Zizhi Tongjian
531:
523:Zizhi Tongjian
515:
507:Zizhi Tongjian
499:
491:Zizhi Tongjian
478:
470:Zizhi Tongjian
459:
432:
424:Zizhi Tongjian
416:
398:
368:
353:
344:Zizhi Tongjian
331:
330:
328:
325:
297:Inner Mongolia
238:
235:
213:
210:
154:Zizhi Tongjian
148:
145:
143:
140:
135:Yang Guangyuan
47:
44:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1392:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1348:Southern Tang
1345:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
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1203:
1197:
1190:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1154:Empress Zhang
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Empress Zhong
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1088:Southern Tang
1085:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
989:
985:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
963:
957:
954:
953:
950:
947:
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839:
836:
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829:
826:
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803:Empress Zhang
801:
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798:
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789:
783:
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771:
764:
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391:
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194:Jing Yanguang
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111:Khitan Empire
107:
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65:
61:
57:
53:
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37:
33:
29:
25:
22:
18:
1565:N. Dynasties
1561:S. Dynasties
1494:Ten Kingdoms
1425:Ten Kingdoms
1284:Ten Kingdoms
1128:Chen Jinfeng
1078:Empress Wang
1052:Southern Han
1032:Empress Zhou
1014:Ten Kingdoms
966:Northern Han
934:Xiao Sagezhi
929:Empress Zhen
902:Empress Feng
896:
874:Empress Kong
729:
716:
697:Empress Feng
687:
633:
621:
609:
594:
590:
578:
557:
553:
541:
522:
518:
506:
502:
490:
469:
450:
423:
419:
405:
401:
394:Wudai Huiyao
393:
383:
356:
342:
313:
289:
273:
263:
252:
240:
223:
215:
198:Shi Chonggui
184:
176:Tang dynasty
169:
162:
159:Wudai Huiyao
158:
152:
150:
127:Zhang Jingda
108:
104:
73:
60:Shi Jingtang
49:
40:Shi Jingtang
16:
15:
1557:16 Kingdoms
1512:Ren Neiming
1473:Later Liang
1174:Sun Taizhen
1042:Jin Feishan
1037:Empress Gao
917:occupation)
911:Interregnum
879:Empress Liu
869:Empress Cao
864:Empress Liu
841:Empress Liu
831:Empress Zhu
812:Consorts of
795:Later Liang
707:Empress Liu
317:Li Shouzhen
1624:950 deaths
1618:Categories
1549:3 Kingdoms
1481:Lady Zhang
1356:Song Fujin
1294:Former Shu
1263:Later Zhou
1253:Empress Li
1209:Later Tang
1138:Empress Li
1133:Li Chunyan
1096:Song Fujin
1060:Empress Ma
1024:Former Shu
1001:Empress Fu
996:Empress Fu
988:Later Zhou
956:Empress Li
897:Empress Li
856:Later Tang
821:Empress Li
711:Later Tang
187:chancellor
76:Li Conghou
64:Later Tang
28:Later Tang
17:Empress Li
1404:Later Jin
1312:Later Shu
1245:Later Han
1227:Later Jin
944:Later Han
889:Later Jin
244:Changchun
219:Lady Feng
172:Li Congyi
131:Later Jin
80:Li Congke
52:Li Siyuan
36:Later Jin
32:Li Siyuan
1179:Queen Yu
924:Xiao Wen
733:937–942
724:936–942
691:936–942
638:, vols.
599:vol. 288
583:vol. 286
562:vol. 285
546:vol. 283
527:vol. 282
511:vol. 281
495:vol. 280
474:vol. 279
428:vol. 271
349:vol. 289
309:Liaoning
305:Chaoyang
285:Liaoning
281:Liaoyang
255:Zhao Yin
190:Feng Dao
119:Shandong
56:Lady Cao
1517:Liu Hua
628:vol. 17
616:vol. 86
455:vol. 17
412:vol. 15
396:(五代會要).
390:vol. 86
321:Beijing
293:Chifeng
259:Feng Yu
231:Kaifeng
206:Lady An
96:Taiyuan
92:Shaanxi
84:Luoyang
21:Chinese
1589:W. Xia
1531:Xia →
719:Shanxi
227:Du Wei
115:Tai'an
100:Shanxi
26:state
1533:Shang
1166:Wuyue
248:Jilin
88:Baoji
1605:Qing
1601:Ming
1597:Yuan
1585:Song
1581:Liao
1573:Tang
1537:Zhou
915:Liao
1593:Jīn
1569:Sui
1553:Jìn
1545:Han
1541:Qin
1504:Min
1435:Min
1366:Min
1148:Yin
1116:Min
835:Yan
825:Yan
709:of
672:289
668:288
664:286
660:285
656:283
652:282
648:280
644:279
640:278
301:Han
68:Jin
42:).
1620::
1603:→
1599:→
1595:→
1591:/
1587:/
1583:/
1579:→
1575:→
1571:→
1567:→
1563:/
1559:→
1555:/
1551:→
1547:→
1543:→
1539:→
1535:→
1330:Wu
1070:Wu
845:Qi
721:)
670:,
666:,
662:,
658:,
654:,
650:,
646:,
642:,
626:,
614:,
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581:,
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560:,
544:,
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833:(
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630:.
618:.
601:.
585:.
564:.
548:.
529:.
513:.
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476:.
457:.
430:.
414:.
366:.
351:.
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