3475:
2732:
71:
466:
1851:
1700:
3509:(1353â1412), who ruled all of Scandinavia as the mother of one king and the adoptive mother of another, held a similarly complicated unofficial position but for much longer, and in traditional history is given the title of Queen. Early in her career, she had been Queen consort of Norway for seventeen years and of Sweden for one year.
1905:
title of "queen", it would also be incongruous to call such a father of a monarch the "king father", as the husbands of queens regnant are not given the title "king", but rather titled as a prince. The exact title such a person would assume has not been clarified by royal lineage experts. "Prince father" is a possibility.
3598:
The male equivalent of a queen mother, being a male former monarch or consort who is the father of the reigning monarch, is sometimes known as the "king father" or another variation based on the title of the monarch or consort. If a king abdicates and passes the throne to his child, or if a reigning
3563:) died. As Helen had not yet divorced her playboy husband at the time (that was to happen in the following year), he unwittingly granted her the retroactive title of queen. Thus, in 1940, after his abdication and the second accession of their son, she rightfully became the queen mother of Romania.
1904:
There is no male equivalent to a queen mother (i.e. "king father"). This would occur only if the husband of a queen regnant outlived the queen and was thereafter father to the new king or queen. Such a situation has never occurred. Since the title "queen mother" derives from the woman's previous
1982:
tradition ("A mother's right is God's right"), the valide sultan would have a significant influence on the affairs of the empire. She had great power in the court and her own rooms (always adjacent to her son's) and state staff. In particular during the 17th century, in a period known as the
2093:
may not even be a blood relative of the reigning monarch. She could be a female individual of any age who is vested with the ritual essence of the departed queens in a ceremonial sense, and who is practically regarded as the monarch's mother as a result. A good example of this is
1757:
in Europe and is also used to describe a number of similar yet distinct monarchical concepts in non-European cultures around the world. The rank does not go to all mothers of monarchs though. A mother of a ruling monarch may only be referred to as queen mother if she was a
433:
3957:
1808:
who abdicates, and is the mother of the current monarch would be the queen mother. In many countries, such as the United
Kingdom, a monarch loses the title of king or queen after abdication. For example,
2037:, reigns alongside her son. She serves as a ceremonial figurehead, while her son serves as the administrative head of state. He has absolute power. She is important at festivals such as the annual
3574:(1919â2009) was the third wife of her husband, the monarch, but not the mother of his successor, a son by the king's first wife. However, she has been accorded the title of queen mother (
3559:
his father was king, and again after his father abdicated. When in 1930 Carol returned to
Romania and assumed the throne, he actually retrodated his reign to 1927, the year his father (
951:
426:
5832:
4143:
2579:(1952â2002) United Kingdom: the widow of King George VI and mother of Queen Elizabeth II. In some of the British media, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was often referred to as
1866:
The title "queen mother" evolved to distinguish a queen dowager from all other queens when she is also the mother of the reigning sovereign. Thus, upon the death of her husband,
4293:
4013:
419:
1797:, a widow of a king, who is simultaneously a former queen consort and the mother of the current monarch. As there is only one monarch, there can only be one queen mother.
2828:
3978:
3949:
2558:
4216:
2161:
4880:
4708:
4623:
4362:
4255:
3104:
2540:
4114:
1886:
4777:
3474:
3396:
2067:, the queen mother is the one through whom royal descent is reckoned and thus wields considerable power. One of the greatest leaders of Ashanti was
5095:
3666:
of Brunei abdicated, he became the "Begawan Sultan" or the sultan father. He was given the title of "His
Majesty The Sultan-Father", or in Malay,
2586:
1592:
3585:
or
Sultana mother was title which usually held by the mother of the reigning Ottoman Sultan, even though she may never have been chief consort (
4367:
3673:
2834:
2546:
1558:
3914:
3191:, because she thought it implied advancing years, choosing instead to be known as "Queen Mary" and that style was used to describe her in the
5147:
5112:
4702:
4287:
2948:
2510:
2378:
1974:
The second position the most important position in the
Ottoman Empire after the sultan himself and being more powerful in the hierarchy than
1938:
1185:
1159:
2564:
4332:
3490:(1301â1361), Duchess of Södermanland, acted and ranked as if she were a queen regnant for a year before the Swedish reign of her son, King
3378:
3002:
2792:
2504:
2498:
2426:
1728:
5600:
2724:
2294:
2288:
744:
4042:
3300:
3044:
3014:
2744:
2664:
2221:
1144:
5605:
4135:
3312:
2756:
2492:
867:
4277:
4870:
4180:
4108:
3997:
3306:
3252:
5415:
3264:
1817:, was sometimes colloquially referred to as the queen mother despite declining the title and having reverted to being a princess.
3372:
3170:
2576:
2366:
1859:
1774:
2121:
These mothers of monarchs, and others, albeit not always officially so titled have also been considered equal to queen mothers:
1901:. While the wife of a king is called "queen", there is no constitutional or statutory recognition of "queen mother" as a title.
1781:
and one of the few people to use the term as an official style. However, it is also used as an official title in
Thailand where
4813:
4357:
2768:
2264:
2110:
2049:
2048:
became Queen mother when her son King Letsie III became King. She served as Queen Mother until her death. There are many other
1599:
1190:
986:
60:
5392:
4895:
3623:
3420:
3210:
1885:
The title also distinguishes former queens consort from those who are simply the mother of the current monarch. For example,
1314:
907:
465:
2731:
5229:
4224:
3922:
3246:
3086:
3050:
2846:
2522:
2384:
1026:
535:
42:
5883:
4865:
4853:
4372:
3806:
2876:
2534:
3612:
of
Cambodia was styled as "His Majesty King Father Norodom Sihanouk" when he abdicated the throne in favor of his son,
5746:
5660:
5555:
5470:
5387:
4885:
4757:
4612:
3544:
3390:
3068:
2750:
2628:
1376:
5893:
5808:
5397:
5295:
3751:
3629:
3384:
3056:
3038:
2924:
2450:
2300:
1814:
1810:
1548:
1371:
1180:
1060:
729:
5863:
5685:
5550:
5485:
5475:
5460:
4795:
4742:
4652:
4247:
3887:
3851:
3462:
3122:
2858:
2774:
2694:
2330:
2203:
1832:
A former queen consort who is the grandmother of the reigning monarch is sometimes called the queen grandmother.
1553:
1408:
1154:
814:
759:
5305:
5285:
5250:
5203:
5157:
4509:
4325:
4096:
3716:
3687:
3637:
3450:
2906:
1950:
1930:
1721:
897:
847:
654:
3515:(1598â1674) was neither consort of a ruling king nor a ruling queen or regent. In practical terms her husband
2816:
1850:
996:
2109:
or queen mother of every succeeding king of that realm, due to the activities of the three successors to her
5928:
5183:
4875:
4858:
4848:
4823:
4667:
4393:
4172:
3892:
3769:
3663:
3342:
2780:
2646:
2598:
2474:
2444:
2342:
2233:
2215:
2079:
2024:
1270:
877:
545:
5903:
5818:
4949:
70:
5933:
5665:
5585:
5377:
5310:
5178:
5127:
5059:
4959:
4747:
4682:
4489:
4418:
3757:
3741:
The following individuals hold a similar role as mothers or fathers of their country's reigning monarchs:
3652:
3619:
3258:
3026:
2640:
2348:
1818:
1641:
1388:
1149:
956:
612:
5848:
5367:
5938:
5888:
5868:
5711:
5675:
5630:
5575:
5362:
5137:
5084:
4909:
4818:
4787:
4727:
4677:
4459:
4449:
3506:
3282:
3032:
2984:
2942:
2604:
2432:
2420:
2306:
2143:
2131:
1845:
1474:
1418:
493:
38:
3705:
2045:
981:
769:
5873:
5792:
5756:
5706:
5565:
5490:
5275:
5152:
4944:
4719:
4697:
4692:
4657:
4599:
3697:
3677:
3644:
3560:
3456:
3288:
3276:
3198:
3080:
3074:
2978:
2810:
2658:
2486:
2414:
2396:
2179:
2167:
1822:
1501:
1131:
1120:
1070:
1031:
1021:
971:
961:
779:
360:
5898:
5843:
5680:
5670:
5655:
5645:
5610:
5540:
5455:
5425:
5372:
5089:
4843:
4838:
4737:
4732:
4499:
4454:
4413:
4318:
3931:
3745:
3712:
3701:
3656:
3548:
3530:
3491:
3134:
3020:
2990:
2960:
2954:
2900:
2888:
2786:
2610:
2592:
2570:
2528:
2516:
2402:
2390:
2354:
2038:
1826:
1754:
1714:
1646:
1104:
1091:
1078:
804:
754:
602:
2438:
5797:
5620:
5615:
5580:
5560:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5500:
5495:
5440:
5347:
5193:
5064:
4954:
4934:
4890:
4833:
4828:
4805:
4772:
4762:
4752:
4634:
3552:
3487:
3348:
3294:
3204:
3116:
3092:
2930:
2822:
2804:
2762:
2676:
2652:
2634:
2408:
2360:
2312:
2185:
2125:
1987:", a series of incompetent or child sultans raised the role of the valide sultan to new heights.
1984:
1666:
1543:
1484:
1413:
1211:
1198:
1172:
829:
674:
540:
3008:
2918:
1825:
abdicated but retained the title of king, has generally been referred to as the queen mother of
3537:: after her son became king in 1928 she was raised to the title Queen Mother of the Albanians (
5823:
5813:
5776:
5650:
5635:
5510:
5480:
5450:
5445:
5420:
5357:
5352:
5342:
5213:
5162:
5049:
4767:
4403:
4388:
4283:
4176:
4104:
4034:
4005:
3781:
3599:
queen abdicates or dies and is survived by her husband, he might acquire a substantive title.
3444:
3366:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3234:
3222:
2966:
2840:
2706:
2688:
2670:
2552:
2462:
2336:
2227:
2149:
2137:
1958:
1671:
1656:
1575:
1265:
1136:
1083:
1065:
1011:
991:
976:
966:
799:
784:
734:
714:
582:
530:
525:
503:
498:
450:
407:
52:
3900:
3541:) with the style of Her Majesty, a position she held from September 1, 1928, until her death.
5839:
5803:
5721:
5545:
5315:
5260:
5223:
5198:
5188:
5122:
5074:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4974:
4969:
4662:
4408:
3763:
3729:
3613:
3609:
3534:
3432:
3360:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3110:
2912:
2798:
2682:
2622:
2480:
2318:
2282:
2276:
2068:
1967:
1763:
1683:
1582:
1531:
1016:
931:
627:
597:
550:
319:
183:
3722:
In the former
Chinese Empire, a living monarch who passed the throne to his son was called
2882:
5716:
5465:
5435:
5430:
5290:
5280:
5245:
5235:
5218:
5054:
5009:
4924:
4642:
4617:
4464:
3811:
3787:
3354:
3270:
3062:
2456:
2372:
2239:
2191:
2173:
1704:
1275:
1203:
1167:
1099:
1006:
1001:
946:
819:
794:
739:
376:
85:
3502:
in biographical literature, she was never officially recognized as queen or queen mother.
3494:, and thereafter as if she were his queen mother, serving intermittently on his board of
2894:
3849:
is defined as "A Queen dowager who is the mother of the reigning sovereign" by both the
5858:
5640:
5625:
5590:
5330:
5325:
5208:
5142:
5014:
4672:
4647:
4552:
4469:
4423:
3724:
3520:
3402:
3240:
3216:
3192:
3140:
3128:
2972:
2197:
2075:
2064:
2056:
1920:
1898:
1897:"queen mother" as her husband was never a king. The title in British usage is purely a
1890:
1833:
1513:
1435:
941:
699:
622:
577:
236:
210:
171:
1699:
5922:
5505:
5270:
5265:
5044:
4687:
4545:
4504:
4484:
4164:
3826:
3816:
3633:
3586:
3582:
3438:
3408:
3164:
3098:
2936:
2718:
2712:
2616:
2086:
2071:
1975:
1925:
1914:
1805:
1794:
1759:
1746:
1631:
1526:
1506:
1496:
1309:
834:
824:
764:
724:
719:
560:
402:
138:
133:
128:
31:
30:"Princess Mother" redirects here. For Princess Mother Srinagraidra of Thailand, see
5595:
5117:
5079:
4979:
4562:
3793:
3567:
3176:
2996:
2870:
2700:
2245:
1942:
1871:
1855:
1778:
1491:
1366:
1331:
1115:
936:
809:
774:
632:
231:
195:
118:
113:
1425:
5827:
5336:
5132:
5019:
4939:
4530:
4514:
3692:
3681:
3228:
3180:
2324:
2095:
2060:
1875:
1661:
1626:
1398:
1356:
1302:
1260:
1230:
1055:
789:
669:
570:
3622:
became the king father of Bhutan following his abdication in favor of his son,
5382:
5320:
5239:
4479:
4444:
3821:
2098:
2034:
1801:
1518:
1469:
1393:
1324:
887:
709:
637:
488:
150:
17:
4009:
1874:
became queen mother, retaining the status throughout the reigns of her sons,
5741:
5731:
5300:
4607:
4494:
3915:"Announcement of the royal title Her Majesty Queen Sirikit the Queen Mother"
3414:
3184:
2735:
Queen Hedwig
Eleanor of Sweden (née Princess of Holstein-Gottorp) was twice
2468:
2270:
2209:
2155:
1879:
1651:
1636:
1587:
1538:
1447:
1403:
1383:
1351:
1295:
1285:
1240:
1235:
857:
664:
647:
617:
397:
293:
288:
278:
262:
97:
5034:
2583:, and the term "Queen Mother" remained associated with her after her death.
1785:, the mother of the present king, is officially styled "The Queen Mother".
1777:(queen consort, 1936â1952; queen mother, 1952â2002), who was the mother of
5878:
5761:
5751:
5570:
5069:
4341:
2251:
2030:
2010:
2004:
1867:
1621:
1565:
1430:
1290:
1050:
659:
592:
457:
381:
324:
303:
283:
273:
226:
221:
178:
155:
3881:
1753:. The term has been used in English since the early 1560s. It arises in
5771:
5726:
5701:
5255:
5039:
5024:
4964:
4582:
4535:
4474:
4398:
4352:
3775:
3516:
3512:
3336:
3179:(1936â1952) United Kingdom: widow of King George V and mother of kings
2864:
2852:
1946:
1782:
1750:
1678:
1570:
1479:
1361:
1319:
1280:
749:
607:
587:
555:
483:
392:
355:
350:
241:
80:
3523:
and became its sovereign. Hence she is given the title Queen Mother â
2052:
tribal monarchies, most of whom have served as regents to their sons.
5853:
5766:
5029:
4929:
4572:
4428:
3571:
3495:
3479:
2736:
1609:
642:
371:
345:
329:
298:
200:
166:
4065:
The Royal Family of
Thailand: The Descendants of King Chulalongkorn
3473:
2730:
2102:
2085:
In more symbolically driven societies such as the kingdoms of the
2000:
1979:
1849:
1614:
1604:
704:
565:
334:
314:
252:
1937:) or sultana mother was the title held by the mother of a ruling
5736:
4577:
4567:
4557:
4540:
3426:
1996:
1442:
257:
205:
190:
108:
92:
4314:
4169:
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
4248:"Qatar's Father Emir flown to Switzerland to treat broken leg"
3647:
of the Belgians abdicated in 2013, his style was shortened to
3632:
became the "Father Emir" of Qatar following his abdication as
4310:
2739:
of that country, once for her only son, once for a grandson
3998:"Princess Juliana, Former Dutch Monarch, Is Dead at 94"
3519:
was a nobleman under other rulers, but her son founded
4076:
U.S. National Archives, "When Queen Elizabeth Dies",
4217:"Cambodia mourns as 'King-Father' Sihanouk cremated"
4101:
The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918
4067:. Bangkok : Phitsanulok Publishing, 1989, p. 64
4035:"Belgium's queen mother flies home for health tests"
5785:
5694:
5408:
5171:
5105:
4917:
4908:
4804:
4786:
4718:
4633:
4598:
4591:
4523:
4437:
4381:
3668:
Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan,
1941:. The title was first used in the 16th century for
3880:
1800:It is unclear if a queen consort whose husband
2074:(1840â1921), who led her subjects against the
4326:
3950:"What will happen when The Queen steps down?"
2559:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂŒttel
1773:Queen Mother" usually, in English, refers to
1722:
427:
8:
3857:Webster's Third New International Dictionary
3670:and this office became vacant when he died.
1889:was "the queen's mother" when her daughter
4914:
4595:
4333:
4319:
4311:
4279:Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam
3782:Queen Norodom the Queen Mother of Cambodia
1729:
1715:
445:
434:
420:
47:
2685:(1039â1043), Germany, Italy, and Burgundy
2176:(1056â1077), Germany, Italy, and Burgundy
2015:- literally, mother of the king/monarch.
1887:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1813:, who abdicated in favor of her daughter
4090:
4088:
4086:
3397:Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
2003:) who becomes queen-mother was known in
3979:"Dutch Queen Mother Juliana Dies at 94"
3872:
3838:
456:
59:
4368:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
4045:from the original on December 14, 2022
3551:from 1921 to 1928, and mother of King
3498:. However, though she has been called
1160:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
4136:"Can Muslims Celebrate Mother's Day?"
3948:Eksouzian-Cavadas, Ana (2020-11-04).
1966:
1836:of Thailand was known by this style.
37:For the African use of the term, see
7:
3901:participating institution membership
3728:. This title was last bestowed upon
3379:Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg
2113:that have reigned since her demise.
1953:, superseding the previous title of
1934:
63:gentry and chivalric ranks in Europe
3045:Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
2745:Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
2665:Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
2222:Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1829:despite not being a queen dowager.
1092:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
4363:List of current sovereign monarchs
4215:Denis D. Gray (February 4, 2013).
4146:from the original on March 3, 2016
3213:(1999â2016) Ashanti people (Ghana)
3187:. Queen Mary never used the title
2885:(1778â1823) Hawaii (United States)
2867:(1598â1674) Maratha Empire (India)
2273:(11th century BC) Israel and Judah
1995:In India, a queen (usually styled
1978:. As the mother to the sultan, by
1893:became queen regnant, but she was
25:
4192:Michie, God Save The Queen at 290
3930:(15b). 2019-05-05. Archived from
2673:(1309â1350) Majapahit (Indonesia)
4881:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4276:Sidhu, Jatswan S. (2009-12-22).
3788:Empress Emerita Michiko of Japan
2831:(1284â1324) Cyprus and Jerusalem
2777:(1649â1669) England and Scotland
2549:(1254â1268) Jerusalem and Sicily
2367:Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
1860:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1775:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1698:
1061:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
464:
211:Prince-elector, Princess-elector
69:
4358:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
4296:from the original on 2022-11-21
4258:from the original on 2022-10-06
4117:from the original on 2022-04-07
4016:from the original on 2021-09-24
3960:from the original on 2021-09-24
3555:. Michael first ruled 1927â30,
3005:(1576â1603) Hungary and Bohemia
2769:Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
2625:(1035â1052) Denmark and England
2601:(1440â1442) Bohemia and Hungary
2573:(1382â1387) Hungary and Croatia
2561:(1745â1750) Hungary and Bohemia
2525:(1705â1720) Hungary and Bohemia
2333:(1825â1830) Portugal and Brazil
2265:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1191:Spanish transition to democracy
868:Les Six livres de la RĂ©publique
3996:Simons, Marlise (2004-03-21).
3746:Ndlovukati Ntfombi of Eswatini
3624:Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
3539:Nëna Mbretëreshë e Shqiptarëve
3482:of Norway and Sweden 1318â1319
3421:Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
3399:(1746â1766) Denmark and Norway
3381:(1670â1685) Denmark and Norway
3375:(1588â1631) Denmark and Norway
3265:Pauline Therese of WĂŒrttemberg
3211:Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem II
2927:(1990â1995, 1996â2003) Lesotho
2453:(1559â1571) Denmark and Norway
2447:(1481â1495) Denmark and Norway
2393:(1513â1521) Denmark and Norway
2369:(1699â1714) Denmark and Norway
1999:, or in the Muslim tradition,
908:Democracy: The God That Failed
1:
4246:Walker, Lesley (2015-12-29).
3923:Royal Thai Government Gazette
3794:Queen Margrethe II of Denmark
3373:Sophie of Mecklenburg-GĂŒstrow
3369:(1917â1920, 1922â1924) Greece
3289:Ratna Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah
3249:(1913â1917, 1920â1922) Greece
3247:Olga Constantinovna of Russia
3051:Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
3029:(1759â1760) Naples and Sicily
2861:(1859â1876) Sweden and Norway
2523:Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
2441:(1844â1859) Sweden and Norway
2429:(1285â1302) Aragon and Sicily
2385:Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
2255:
2194:(1358â1369, 1382â1386) Cyprus
1957:("cradle of the great"). The
1186:Birth of the Italian Republic
43:Queen mother (disambiguation)
4373:List of monarchy referendums
3655:); he is the father of King
3533:(1876â1934), mother of King
3447:(1284â1295) Castile and LeĂłn
3017:(1350â1357) Castile and LeĂłn
3011:(1295â1312) Castile and LeĂłn
2873:(1379â1381) Castile and LeĂłn
2423:(1312â1313) Castile and LeĂłn
2046:Queen Mamohato Bereng Seeiso
196:Crown prince, Crown princess
27:Mother of a reigning monarch
3547:was the wife of the future
3545:Helen of Greece and Denmark
3391:Sophia Magdalena of Denmark
3343:SofĂa of Greece and Denmark
3069:Maria Leopoldina of Austria
2751:Helen of Greece and Denmark
2725:Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe
2629:Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont
2140:(973â983) Germany and Italy
2105:, who has been seen as the
1749:, who is the mother of the
1745:is a former queen, often a
1145:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
1071:Birth of the Dutch Republic
5955:
3752:Beatrix of the Netherlands
3711:Following his abdication,
3630:Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
3441:(1648â1683) Ottoman Empire
3385:Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
3309:(1595â1604) Ottoman Empire
3285:(1876â1904) Ottoman Empire
3243:(1574â1583) Ottoman Empire
3083:(1792) Hungary and Bohemia
3039:Maria Christina of Austria
2897:(1623â1648) Ottoman Empire
2721:(1617â1623) Ottoman Empire
2715:(1603â1605) Ottoman Empire
2703:(1520â1534) Ottoman Empire
2451:Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
2301:Beatrix of the Netherlands
2182:(1910â1925) United Kingdom
2022:
1961:pronunciation of the word
1912:
1843:
1811:Juliana of the Netherlands
1793:A queen mother is often a
1181:Siamese revolution of 1932
36:
29:
4348:
4203:Norsk Historisk Tidskrift
3888:Oxford English Dictionary
3852:Oxford English Dictionary
3776:Queen Sirikit of Thailand
3505:Her granddaughter-in-law
3411:(1907â1909) Persia (Iran)
3405:(1941â1979) Persia (Iran)
3123:Mariana Victoria of Spain
2939:(1909â1925) Persia (Iran)
2933:(1848â1873) Persia (Iran)
2859:Josephine of Leuchtenberg
2775:Henrietta Maria of France
2695:Gunnhild, Mother of Kings
2331:Carlota Joaquina of Spain
2204:Amalie Auguste of Bavaria
2050:queen mothers in Africa's
1155:5 October 1910 Revolution
1051:Birth of the Roman Empire
151:Grand duke, Grand duchess
4510:Self-proclaimed monarchy
3717:Maximilian II of Bavaria
3688:Ferdinand II of Portugal
3674:Francisco, Duke of CĂĄdiz
3638:Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
3451:Victoria, Princess Royal
3113:(1605â1623) Mughal India
3105:Maria Theresa of Austria
3059:(1830â1848) Two Sicilies
2907:Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
2709:(1556â1604) Mughal India
2433:Damit binti Abdul Rahman
1951:Suleiman the Magnificent
898:Considerations on France
4778:Vatican City (Holy See)
4173:Oxford University Press
3893:Oxford University Press
3664:Omar Ali Saifuddien III
3649:His Majesty King Albert
3429:(14th century BC) Egypt
3267:(1864â1873) WĂŒrttemberg
3259:Paola Ruffo di Calabria
3057:MarĂa Isabella of Spain
2997:Margrethe II of Denmark
2925:'Mamohato Bereng Seeiso
2781:Hortense de Beauharnais
2647:Estrid of the Obotrites
2631:(1890â1934) Netherlands
2599:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
2475:Eleanor of Alburquerque
2445:Dorothea of Brandenburg
2303:(from 2013) Netherlands
2236:(1849â1865) Netherlands
2234:Anna Pavlovna of Russia
2080:War of the Golden Stool
2033:, the queen mother, or
2025:Queen mothers in Africa
1514:Emperor system of Japan
61:Imperial, royal, noble,
5060:Islands of Refreshment
4490:Legitimacy (political)
4041:. September 26, 2018.
3758:Queen Paola of Belgium
3676:, the king consort of
3620:Jigme Singye Wangchuck
3483:
3459:(1861â1908) Qing China
3255:(899â903) East Francia
3027:Maria Amalia of Saxony
3023:(1934â1945) Yugoslavia
2879:(940â943) West Francia
2740:
2679:(954â984) West Francia
2641:Ermengarde de Beaumont
2619:(986â987) West Francia
2587:Elizabeth of Carinthia
2465:(936â951) West Francia
2349:Catherine of Lancaster
2152:(898â901) West Francia
1863:
1854:The widowed mother of
1819:Queen Paola of Belgium
1389:Enlightened absolutism
398:Gentleman, Gentlewoman
41:. For other uses, see
4871:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4460:Criticism of monarchy
4450:Abolition of monarchy
4227:on September 20, 2016
4095:Davis, Fanny (1986).
3700:, was king father to
3680:, was king father to
3636:in favor of his son,
3521:an independent empire
3478:Duchess Ingeborg was
3477:
3033:Maria Anna of Austria
2985:Margaret Skulesdatter
2855:(c.852â842 BC) Israel
2817:Isabella of AngoulĂȘme
2734:
2421:Constance of Portugal
2307:Berengaria of Castile
2144:Adelaide of Maurienne
2132:Adelaide of Aquitaine
1853:
1846:British queen mothers
1755:hereditary monarchies
494:Divine right of kings
274:Viscount, Viscountess
222:Marquess, Marchioness
156:Archduke, Archduchess
98:High king, High queen
39:Queen mother (Africa)
4703:United Arab Emirates
4063:Finestone, Jeffrey.
3770:Queen SofĂa of Spain
3698:Maria II of Portugal
3682:Alfonso XII of Spain
3463:Zein al-Sharaf Talal
3339:(from 2016) Thailand
3327:(1910â1919) Thailand
3277:Plaisance of Antioch
3237:(from 2004) Cambodia
3201:(1567â1587) Scotland
3199:Mary, Queen of Scots
3167:(1542â1560) Scotland
3161:(1460â1463) Scotland
3131:(1249â1285) Scotland
3125:(1777â1781) Portugal
3107:(1849â1855) Sardinia
3095:(1889â1908) Portugal
3087:Maria Luisa of Spain
3081:Maria Luisa of Spain
3075:Maria Luisa of Parma
3035:(1750â1754) Portugal
2979:Margaret of Provence
2975:(1513â1541) Scotland
2921:(1656â1666) Portugal
2849:(1437â1445) Scotland
2837:(1474â1496) Portugal
2835:Isabella of Portugal
2811:Isabella II of Spain
2691:(1943â1946) Bulgaria
2659:Frederica of Hanover
2643:(1214â1233) Scotland
2607:(1325â1336) Portugal
2577:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
2565:Elizabeth of Austria
2547:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2541:Elisabeth of Bavaria
2501:(1438â1445) Portugal
2487:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2415:Constance of Hungary
2397:Clementia of Hungary
2379:Christina of Denmark
2343:Catherine de' Medici
2297:(1357â1359) Portugal
2291:(1279â1303) Portugal
2218:(1908â1910) Portugal
2180:Alexandra of Denmark
2168:Agnes of Brandenburg
2138:Adelaide of Burgundy
1132:Unification of Italy
1121:Second French Empire
284:Burgrave, Burgravine
227:Margrave, Margravine
5899:Trinidad and Tobago
5786:Commonwealth realms
5671:United Baltic Duchy
4814:Antigua and Barbuda
4806:Commonwealth realms
4500:Order of succession
4282:. Scarecrow Press.
4201:Grethe Authén Blom
3891:(Online ed.).
3737:Current comparisons
3715:was king father to
3713:Ludwig I of Bavaria
3702:Pedro V of Portugal
3657:Philippe of Belgium
3549:Carol II of Romania
3453:(1888â1901) Prussia
3423:(1848â1854) Bavaria
3387:(1740â1757) Prussia
3357:(1182â1198) Denmark
3303:(1074â1077) Hungary
3261:(from 2013) Belgium
3155:(1930â1938) Romania
3149:(1864â1889) Bavaria
3101:(1765â1780) Germany
3089:(1803â1807) Etruria
2999:(from 2024) Denmark
2991:Margherita of Savoy
2969:(1259â1282) Denmark
2961:Margaret of Navarre
2955:Margaret of Durazzo
2951:(1253â1256) Navarre
2949:Margaret of Bourbon
2943:Margaret of Denmark
2915:(1912â1926) Denmark
2903:(1278â1285) Bohemia
2901:Kunigunda of Halych
2825:(1327â1358) England
2819:(1216â1246) England
2801:(1972â2000) Denmark
2793:Ingeborg of Denmark
2787:Huzaima bint Nasser
2759:(1141â1146) Hungary
2753:(1940â1947) Romania
2667:(1797â1805) Prussia
2655:(1162â1193) Hungary
2611:Elizabeth Woodville
2605:Elizabeth of Aragon
2595:(1272â1290) Hungary
2593:Elizabeth the Cuman
2571:Elizabeth of Bosnia
2543:(1934â1951) Belgium
2529:Elena of Montenegro
2519:(1272â1291) England
2517:Eleanor of Provence
2513:(1342â1380) Hungary
2511:Elizabeth of Poland
2489:(1189â1204) England
2427:Constance of Sicily
2417:(1230â1240) Bohemia
2405:(1204â1205) Hungary
2403:Constance of Aragon
2391:Christina of Saxony
2357:(1401â1437) England
2355:Catherine of Valois
2351:(1406â1418) Castile
2309:(1217â1246) Castile
2295:Beatrice of Castile
2289:Beatrice of Castile
2230:(1063â1074) Hungary
2224:(1947â1952) Denmark
2170:(1286â1304) Denmark
1968:[vaË.liËde]
1705:Politics portal
1105:First French Empire
1079:Glorious Revolution
351:Baronet, Baronetess
4002:The New York Times
3706:LuĂs I of Portugal
3678:Isabel II of Spain
3553:Michael of Romania
3488:Ingeborg of Norway
3484:
3465:(1952â1994) Jordan
3435:(from 2006) Bhutan
3393:(1792â1809) Sweden
3363:(1907â1913) Sweden
3351:(1434â1461) Poland
3349:Sophia of Halshany
3315:(1196â1208) Aragon
3297:(1216â1220) Sweden
3295:Rikissa of Denmark
3279:(1254â1261) Cyprus
3273:(1952â1972) Bhutan
3225:(1889â1903) Serbia
3207:(1951â1952) Jordan
3205:Musbah bint Nasser
3173:(1309â1323) Naples
3153:Marie of Edinburgh
3143:(1461â1463) France
3137:(1610â1642) France
3117:Mariana of Austria
3093:Maria Pia of Savoy
3053:(1632â1654) Sweden
2987:(1263â1270) Norway
2981:(1270â1285) France
2963:(1166â1183) Sicily
2957:(1386â1412) Naples
2945:(1380â1387) Norway
2931:Malek Jahan Khanom
2909:(1771â1782) Sweden
2891:(1972â2006) Bhutan
2843:(1333â1339) Poland
2829:Isabella of Ibelin
2823:Isabella of France
2807:(1422â1435) France
2805:Isabeau of Bavaria
2795:(1280â1287) Norway
2771:(1398â1421) Cyprus
2765:(1290â1318) Sweden
2763:Helvig of Holstein
2747:(1660â1697) Sweden
2741:
2677:Gerberga of Saxony
2661:(1964â1973) Greece
2653:Euphrosyne of Kiev
2649:(1022â1035) Sweden
2637:(887â897) Provence
2635:Ermengard of Italy
2589:(1342â1352) Sicily
2567:(1492â1505) Poland
2537:(978â1000) England
2505:Eleanor of England
2495:(1369â1382) Cyprus
2483:(1337â1341) Sicily
2477:(1416â1435) Aragon
2435:(1967â1978) Brunei
2411:(1031â1032) France
2409:Constance of Arles
2387:(1611â1625) Sweden
2381:(1167â1170) Sweden
2375:(1195â1200) Sweden
2361:Charlotte of Savoy
2345:(1559â1589) France
2339:(1473â1474) Cyprus
2327:(1548â1557) Poland
2321:(1343â1362) Norway
2315:(1226â1252) France
2313:Blanche of Castile
2279:(937â966) Burgundy
2248:(1060â1075) France
2242:(1643â1666) France
2206:(1873â1877) Saxony
2188:(1218â1246) Cyprus
2186:Alice of Champagne
2164:(1137â1159) Aragon
2162:Agnes of Aquitaine
2146:(1137â1154) France
2128:(1180â1206) France
2126:Adela of Champagne
1985:Sultanate of Women
1864:
1856:Queen Elizabeth II
1779:Queen Elizabeth II
1544:List of monarchies
1345:Related ideologies
1212:Nepalese Civil War
1199:Iranian Revolution
1173:Russian Revolution
1168:Chinese Revolution
1150:German unification
5916:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5601:Piedmont-Sardinia
5353:Sip Song Chau Tai
5163:Thirteen Colonies
4904:
4903:
4289:978-0-8108-7078-9
4252:Doha News | Qatar
4165:Peirce, Leslie P.
4078:Prologue Magazine
3985:. March 21, 2004.
3899:(Subscription or
3470:Exceptional cases
3445:Violant of Aragon
3417:(983â991) Germany
3367:Sophia of Prussia
3345:(from 2014) Spain
3331:Sibylla of Acerra
3325:Saovabha Phongsri
3313:Sancha of Castile
3301:Richeza of Poland
3291:(1972â2008) Nepal
3235:Norodom Monineath
3231:(1936â1952) Egypt
3219:(1952â1953) Egypt
3119:(1665â1696) Spain
3077:(1808â1819) Spain
3047:(1833â1868) Spain
3041:(1886â1929) Spain
3015:Maria of Portugal
2993:(1900â1926) Italy
2967:Margaret Sambiria
2877:Judith of Bavaria
2841:Jadwiga of Kalisz
2813:(1874â1885) Spain
2727:(2006â2017) Tonga
2707:Hamida Banu Begum
2689:Giovanna of Italy
2671:Gayatri Rajapatni
2555:(1759â1766) Spain
2553:Elisabeth Farnese
2499:Eleanor of Aragon
2493:Eleanor of Aragon
2463:Eadgifu of Wessex
2337:Catherine Cornaro
2285:(768â783) Francia
2228:Anastasia of Kiev
2216:Amélie of Orléans
2150:Adelaide of Paris
2134:(996â1004) France
1804:the throne, or a
1739:
1738:
1137:Meiji Restoration
1084:French Revolution
1066:Tsarist autocracy
1027:Popescu-TÄriceanu
526:Abdication system
504:Royal prerogative
499:Mandate of Heaven
444:
443:
408:Lord of the Manor
372:Knight, Chevalier
16:(Redirected from
5946:
5840:Irish Free State
5606:PolandâLithuania
4915:
4866:Papua New Guinea
4596:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4223:. Archived from
4212:
4206:
4205:Oslo 1981 p. 425
4199:
4193:
4190:
4184:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4092:
4081:
4074:
4068:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3896:
3884:
3877:
3860:
3843:
3764:Moza bint Nasser
3730:Qianlong Emperor
3614:Norodom Sihamoni
3610:Norodom Sihanouk
3535:Zog I of Albania
3433:Tshering Yangdon
3361:Sophia of Nassau
3321:(1065â1067) LeĂłn
3159:Mary of Guelders
3147:Marie of Prussia
3135:Marie de' Medici
3111:Mariam-uz-Zamani
3021:Maria of Romania
3003:Maria of Austria
2913:Louise of Sweden
2799:Ingrid of Sweden
2789:(1933â1935) Iraq
2757:Helena of Serbia
2697:(961â970) Norway
2683:Gisela of Swabia
2623:Emma of Normandy
2481:Eleanor of Anjou
2471:(899â902) Wessex
2459:(939â955) Wessex
2319:Blanche of Namur
2283:Bertrada of Laon
2277:Bertha of Swabia
2261:â 841 BCE) Judah
2260:
2257:
2212:(1810â1826) Siam
2200:(1939â1950) Iraq
2117:Notable examples
1970:
1936:
1821:, whose husband
1764:princess consort
1762:as opposed to a
1751:reigning monarch
1731:
1724:
1717:
1703:
1702:
1583:Philosopher king
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
815:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
551:Crowned republic
536:Chinese Legalist
475:Central concepts
468:
446:
436:
429:
422:
81:Emperor, Empress
73:
48:
21:
5954:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5908:
5833:princely states
5781:
5717:Kingdom of Fiji
5690:
5436:Austria-Hungary
5404:
5167:
5101:
4900:
4886:Solomon Islands
4800:
4782:
4714:
4629:
4587:
4519:
4465:Democratization
4433:
4377:
4344:
4339:
4309:
4308:
4299:
4297:
4290:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4259:
4245:
4244:
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4230:
4228:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4120:
4118:
4111:
4094:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4071:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4017:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3983:Washington Post
3977:
3976:
3972:
3963:
3961:
3954:Vogue Australia
3947:
3946:
3942:
3937:on May 5, 2019.
3934:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3812:Empress dowager
3803:
3739:
3605:
3596:
3500:the King Mother
3472:
3355:Sophia of Minsk
3271:Phuntsho Choden
3223:Natalija Keshko
3171:Mary of Hungary
3071:(1826) Portugal
3063:Maria Laskarina
3009:MarĂa de Molina
2919:Luisa de GuzmĂĄn
2457:Eadgifu of Kent
2373:Christina Hvide
2258:
2240:Anne of Austria
2192:Alice of Ibelin
2174:Agnes of Poitou
2158:(894â898) Italy
2119:
2027:
2021:
2007:and Hindi as a
1993:
1931:Ottoman Turkish
1917:
1911:
1848:
1842:
1791:
1735:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1204:Modern Cambodia
1177:
1141:
1125:
1109:
1100:Trienio Liberal
1088:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1036:
926:
918:
917:
916:
911:
901:
891:
881:
871:
861:
851:
689:
681:
680:
679:
655:Self-proclaimed
520:
512:
511:
508:
476:
451:Politics series
440:
377:Imperial Knight
315:Baron, Baroness
253:Count, Countess
62:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5952:
5950:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5929:Queens consort
5921:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5837:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5591:Ottoman Empire
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5551:Kartli-Kakheti
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5233:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4960:Central Africa
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4896:United Kingdom
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4553:Prince regnant
4550:
4549:
4548:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4470:Decolonization
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4424:Personal union
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Constitutional
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4306:
4288:
4268:
4238:
4207:
4194:
4185:
4157:
4127:
4109:
4082:
4069:
4056:
4026:
3988:
3970:
3940:
3906:
3882:"Queen mother"
3871:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3725:Taishang Huang
3720:
3709:
3685:
3671:
3660:
3641:
3627:
3617:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3579:
3570:, Maharani of
3564:
3561:King Ferdinand
3542:
3531:Sadijé Toptani
3528:
3510:
3503:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3403:Tadj ol-Molouk
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3319:Sancha of LeĂłn
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3283:Perestu Sultan
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3241:Nurbanu Sultan
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3217:Narriman Sadek
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3193:Court Circular
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3141:Marie of Anjou
3138:
3132:
3129:Marie de Coucy
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3065:(1270) Hungary
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2973:Margaret Tudor
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2783:(1810) Holland
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2613:(1483) England
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2507:(1214) Castile
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2267:(1888) Prussia
2262:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2198:Aliya bint Ali
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2115:
2087:Yoruba peoples
2076:British Empire
2063:, such as the
2023:Main article:
2020:
2017:
1992:
1989:
1949:and mother of
1921:Ottoman Empire
1913:Main article:
1910:
1909:Ottoman Empire
1907:
1899:courtesy title
1844:Main article:
1841:
1840:United Kingdom
1838:
1834:Savang Vadhana
1790:
1787:
1772:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:Related topics
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:Traditionalist
1374:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1271:Great Officers
1268:
1257:
1256:
1254:Administration
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
928:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
915:
914:
904:
894:
884:
874:
864:
854:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
760:Crétineau-Joly
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
651:
650:
640:
635:
630:
625:
623:Personal union
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
578:Dynastic union
575:
574:
573:
563:
558:
553:
548:
546:Constitutional
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
461:
460:
454:
453:
442:
441:
439:
438:
431:
424:
416:
413:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
387:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
340:
339:
338:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
309:
308:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
255:
247:
246:
245:
244:
239:
237:Count palatine
234:
229:
224:
216:
215:
214:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
187:
186:
176:
175:
174:
161:
160:
159:
158:
153:
148:
147:
146:
141:
136:
131:
123:
122:
121:
116:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
89:
88:
75:
74:
66:
65:
57:
56:
26:
24:
18:Empress mother
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5951:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:Queen mothers
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:Easter Island
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5251:Jabal Shammar
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Liechtenstein
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4546:Queen regnant
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Republicanism
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:Head of state
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Non-sovereign
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4272:
4269:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4242:
4239:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4181:0-19-508677-5
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4116:
4112:
4110:0-313-24811-7
4106:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4080:, Summer 1998
4079:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4049:September 30,
4044:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3883:
3876:
3873:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3832:
3828:
3827:Queen dowager
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:Valide sultan
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:After Sultan
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:(as did King
3650:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3587:haseki sultan
3584:
3583:Valide sultan
3580:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3439:Turhan Sultan
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3409:Taj ol-Molouk
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:(1194) Sicily
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:Safiye Sultan
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:Mary of Guise
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3099:Maria Theresa
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2937:Malekeh Jahan
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2889:Kesang Choden
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2847:Joan Beaufort
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:Halime Sultan
2717:
2714:
2713:Handan Sultan
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2617:Emma of Italy
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:the Queen Mum
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:Désirée Clary
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2399:(1316) France
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2363:(1483) France
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:Yaa Asantewaa
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:societies of
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1976:Haseki sultan
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:, consort of
1944:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1926:valide sultan
1922:
1916:
1915:Valide sultan
1908:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:King George V
1861:
1858:was known as
1857:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:queen regnant
1803:
1798:
1796:
1795:queen dowager
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:queen consort
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:queen dowager
1744:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Regnal number
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:Non-sovereign
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Authoritarian
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:Crown Council
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:Privy council
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1032:Zourabichvili
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
922:
921:
910:
909:
905:
900:
899:
895:
890:
889:
885:
880:
879:
875:
870:
869:
865:
860:
859:
855:
850:
849:
845:
844:
843:
842:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
745:Chateaubriand
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
695:
685:
684:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:Non-sovereign
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
572:
569:
568:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
516:
515:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
479:
478:
472:
471:
467:
463:
462:
459:
455:
452:
448:
447:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
418:
417:
415:
414:
409:
406:
404:
403:Ministerialis
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
389:
388:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
367:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
341:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
249:
248:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
217:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
191:Duke, Duchess
189:
185:
182:
181:
180:
177:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
163:
162:
157:
154:
152:
149:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
124:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
96:
94:
93:Tsar, Tsarina
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
72:
68:
67:
64:
58:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
32:Srinagarindra
19:
5939:Royal titles
5889:South Africa
5884:Sierra Leone
5831:
5661:Two Sicilies
5596:Papal States
5396:
5335:
5228:
5094:
4854:Cook Islands
4707:
4693:Saudi Arabia
4622:
4298:. Retrieved
4278:
4271:
4260:. Retrieved
4251:
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4225:the original
4220:
4210:
4202:
4197:
4188:
4168:
4160:
4148:. Retrieved
4139:
4130:
4119:. Retrieved
4100:
4097:"The Valide"
4077:
4072:
4064:
4059:
4047:. Retrieved
4038:
4029:
4018:. Retrieved
4001:
3991:
3982:
3973:
3962:. Retrieved
3953:
3943:
3932:the original
3927:
3921:
3909:
3886:
3875:
3856:
3850:
3847:queen mother
3846:
3841:
3740:
3723:
3691:
3667:
3648:
3597:
3575:
3568:Gayatri Devi
3556:
3538:
3524:
3499:
3189:Queen Mother
3188:
3177:Mary of Teck
2895:Kösem Sultan
2871:Juana Manuel
2701:Hafsa Sultan
2580:
2531:(1946) Italy
2246:Anne of Kiev
2120:
2106:
2099:Erelu Kuti I
2091:queen mother
2090:
2084:
2054:
2044:In Lesotho,
2043:
2028:
2009:
2008:
1994:
1973:
1962:
1954:
1943:Hafsa Sultan
1924:
1918:
1903:
1894:
1884:
1865:
1831:
1799:
1792:
1768:
1743:queen mother
1742:
1740:
1507:Illegitimate
1502:Family trees
1367:Conservatism
1332:Royal assent
1116:Liberal Wars
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
840:
839:
694:Philosophers
693:
692:
633:Principality
449:Part of the
232:Marcher lord
143:
5828:British Raj
5800:(Sri Lanka)
5686:WĂŒrttemberg
5398:South Yemen
5286:Maguindanao
5179:Afghanistan
4940:Barotseland
4876:Saint Lucia
4849:New Zealand
4758:Netherlands
4531:Chhatrapati
4515:Sovereignty
4455:Aristocracy
4183:(paperback)
3926:(in Thai).
3807:Mahd-i Ulya
3796:(from 2024)
3790:(from 2019)
3784:(from 2004)
3778:(from 2016)
3772:(from 2014)
3766:(from 2013)
3760:(from 2013)
3754:(from 2013)
3748:(from 1986)
3693:jure uxoris
3653:Leopold III
3643:After King
3594:King father
3566:Similarly,
3457:Xiaoqinxian
3229:Nazli Sabri
3181:Edward VIII
2325:Bona Sforza
2111:noble title
2078:during the
2061:West Africa
2057:matrilineal
1955:mehd-i ĂŒlya
1935:ÙۧÙŰŻÙ ŰłÙ۷ۧÙ
1876:Edward VIII
1662:Interregnum
1627:Regnal list
1532:presumptive
1357:Bonapartism
1303:Royal guard
1266:Appointment
1231:Aristocracy
1056:Magna Carta
1022:Zhirinovsky
925:Politicians
852:(1265-1266)
780:Kierkegaard
5923:Categories
5894:Tanganyika
5809:The Gambia
5737:NiuÄ-Fekai
5676:Yugoslavia
5576:Montenegro
5383:Upper Yafa
5378:Upper Asir
5015:Madagascar
4748:Luxembourg
4480:Government
4445:Abdication
4414:Hereditary
4342:Monarchies
4300:2022-11-21
4262:2022-11-21
4231:August 22,
4221:Yahoo News
4150:August 22,
4140:Belief.net
4121:2020-12-16
4020:2021-09-24
3964:2021-09-24
3903:required.)
3867:References
3822:Ndlovukati
2883:KeĆpĆ«olani
2259: 842
2041:ceremony.
2039:reed dance
2035:Ndlovukati
1872:Queen Mary
1647:Succession
1519:Figurehead
1470:Coronation
1419:Luxembourg
1399:Legitimism
1394:Jacobitism
957:Metternich
888:Patriarcha
785:Dostoevsky
715:Bellarmine
688:Philosophy
638:Real union
603:Hereditary
489:Monarchism
382:Druzhinnik
5864:Mauritius
5757:Rarotonga
5742:Nuku Hiva
5732:Mangareva
5707:Bora Bora
5586:NeuchĂątel
5556:Lithuania
5461:Catalonia
5348:Sri Lanka
5301:Manchukuo
5276:Kurdistan
5230:Indonesia
5153:Talamanca
5113:AraucanĂa
5096:and other
5075:Wassoulou
4819:Australia
4495:Oligarchy
4010:0362-4331
3645:Albert II
3578:) anyway.
3527:in Hindi.
3492:Magnus IV
3415:Theophanu
3185:George VI
2535:Ălfthryth
2469:Ealhswith
2271:Bathsheba
2210:Amarindra
2156:Ageltrude
2082:in 1900.
1880:George VI
1823:Albert II
1802:abdicates
1667:Rebellion
1652:Anti-king
1637:Sovereign
1588:Pretender
1539:Kingmaker
1475:Criticism
1426:Orléanism
1404:Miguelism
1384:Despotism
1352:Alfonsism
1296:Favourite
1286:Camarilla
1276:Household
1241:Oligarchy
1236:Autocracy
1012:Churchill
878:Leviathan
858:Monarchia
800:Bainville
675:Universal
648:Coregency
618:Pentarchy
541:Composite
294:Advocatus
289:Landgrave
279:Castellan
263:Ealdorman
5879:Rhodesia
5874:Pakistan
5793:Barbados
5762:Rimatara
5752:Rapa Iti
5681:Valencia
5656:Tavolara
5646:Scotland
5611:Portugal
5571:Moldavia
5456:Bulgaria
5451:Brittany
5426:Asturias
5306:Mongolia
5296:Maldives
5158:Trinidad
5148:Suriname
5106:Americas
5090:Zimbabwe
5085:Zanzibar
5070:Wituland
5045:Ngazidja
5040:Ndzuwani
4975:Ethiopia
4698:Thailand
4678:Malaysia
4658:Cambodia
4608:Eswatini
4404:Elective
4389:Absolute
4294:Archived
4256:Archived
4175:, 1993,
4144:Archived
4115:Archived
4043:Archived
4014:Archived
3958:Archived
3801:See also
3696:king to
3603:Examples
3507:Margaret
2252:Athaliah
2055:In many
2031:Eswatini
2011:rajamata
2005:Sanskrit
1891:Victoria
1827:Philippe
1622:Regicide
1566:Nobility
1527:apparent
1431:Royalism
1409:Orangism
1291:Courtier
1017:Renouvin
992:Bismarck
987:Castillo
977:Disraeli
967:Polignac
947:Consalvi
848:De Regno
820:Bogdanor
670:Triarchy
665:Tetrarch
660:Signoria
593:Ethnarch
583:Elective
531:Absolute
458:Monarchy
325:Lendmann
304:Starosta
179:Princess
53:a series
51:Part of
5869:Nigeria
5844:Ireland
5772:Tahuata
5747:Raiatea
5727:Huahine
5702:Abemama
5695:Oceania
5666:Tuscany
5621:Romania
5616:Prussia
5581:Navarre
5561:Majorca
5541:Ireland
5536:Imereti
5531:Iceland
5526:Hungary
5521:Hanover
5516:Granada
5506:Germany
5501:Georgia
5496:Galicia
5486:Finland
5476:Corsica
5471:Cilicia
5441:Bavaria
5431:Austria
5416:Albania
5388:Vietnam
5331:Sarawak
5321:Qu'aiti
5256:Kathiri
5219:Dapitan
5194:Bukhara
5143:Miskito
5065:Tunisia
5055:Shilluk
4965:Dahomey
4955:Burundi
4945:Bagirmi
4925:Adamawa
4844:Jamaica
4839:Grenada
4824:Bahamas
4788:Oceania
4738:Denmark
4733:Belgium
4728:Andorra
4643:Bahrain
4618:Morocco
4613:Lesotho
4592:Current
4583:Pharaoh
4536:Emperor
4475:Dynasty
4429:Regency
4409:Federal
4399:Diarchy
4353:Monarch
3576:Rajmata
3525:Rajmata
3517:Shahaji
3513:Jijabai
3496:regents
3337:Sirikit
2865:Jijabai
2853:Jezebel
2107:iya oba
2065:Ashanti
1980:Islamic
1959:Turkish
1947:Selim I
1919:In the
1815:Beatrix
1783:Sirikit
1679:Usurper
1571:Peerage
1549:Current
1497:Descent
1480:Dynasty
1443:Toryism
1414:Belgium
1362:Carlism
1325:RiksrÄd
1320:Makhzen
1281:Retinue
1045:History
1007:Metaxas
1002:Maurras
972:Decazes
962:VillĂšle
952:Plessis
937:Pius VI
932:Mazarin
825:Scruton
795:Maurras
750:Novalis
735:Maistre
730:Bossuet
700:Aquinas
643:Regency
628:Popular
608:Khanate
598:Federal
588:Emirate
556:Diarchy
484:Monarch
393:Esquire
356:Fidalgo
242:Voivode
184:consort
172:consort
139:dowager
134:consort
129:regnant
119:dowager
114:consort
86:dowager
5904:Uganda
5854:Malawi
5819:Guyana
5798:Ceylon
5777:Tahiti
5767:Rurutu
5722:Hawaii
5651:Serbia
5636:Saxony
5626:Russia
5511:Greece
5491:France
5481:Cyprus
5466:Crimea
5446:Bosnia
5421:Aragon
5409:Europe
5373:Taiwan
5343:Sikkim
5326:Ryukyu
5311:Najran
5209:Chehab
5189:Bengal
5138:Mexico
5123:Brazil
5050:Rwanda
5030:Maravi
4930:Ankole
4918:Africa
4910:Former
4891:Tuvalu
4834:Canada
4829:Belize
4773:Sweden
4763:Norway
4753:Monaco
4720:Europe
4673:Kuwait
4668:Jordan
4653:Brunei
4648:Bhutan
4600:Africa
4573:Sultan
4524:Titles
4438:Topics
4286:
4179:
4107:
4008:
3572:Jaipur
3557:before
3480:regent
2737:regent
2089:, the
2019:Africa
1963:Valide
1939:Sultan
1789:Status
1657:Crisis
1610:Empire
1554:Former
1492:Family
1224:Polity
982:Cortés
912:(2001)
902:(1796)
892:(1680)
882:(1651)
872:(1576)
862:(1313)
835:Yarvin
790:Youwei
775:Balmes
770:Cortés
755:Balzac
740:Bonald
725:Hobbes
720:Filmer
361:Nobile
346:Ritter
330:Primor
299:Vidame
201:Herzog
167:Prince
144:mother
125:Queen
5859:Malta
5849:Kenya
5824:India
5814:Ghana
5641:Savoy
5631:Samos
5546:Italy
5393:Yemen
5368:Tibet
5363:Syria
5316:Nepal
5291:Mahra
5271:Kumul
5266:Korea
5261:Khiva
5240:Qajar
5224:Hejaz
5214:China
5199:Burma
5128:Haiti
5118:Aztec
5035:Mwali
5025:Maore
5005:Libya
5000:Kongo
4995:Kaffa
4990:Gumma
4985:Gomma
4980:Ghana
4970:Egypt
4950:Bornu
4935:Aussa
4796:Tonga
4768:Spain
4688:Qatar
4663:Japan
3935:(PDF)
3918:(PDF)
3897:
3833:Notes
3608:King
2103:Lagos
2096:Oloye
2001:begum
1991:India
1642:Style
1615:Reich
1605:Realm
1576:Realm
1523:Heir
1485:Lists
1436:Ultra
1261:Court
997:Mella
942:Ruffo
841:Works
830:Hoppe
810:Evola
765:Gogol
710:Bodin
705:Dante
571:Grand
566:Duchy
519:Types
335:Boyar
320:Thane
5804:Fiji
5358:Sulu
5337:Shan
5281:Laos
5246:Iraq
5236:Iran
5204:Cebu
5184:Asir
5172:Asia
5133:Inca
5080:Yeke
5020:Mali
5010:Luba
4859:Niue
4709:list
4683:Oman
4635:Asia
4624:list
4578:Shah
4568:Tsar
4563:khan
4558:Raja
4541:King
4382:Type
4284:ISBN
4233:2016
4177:ISBN
4152:2016
4105:ISBN
4051:2021
4006:ISSN
3855:and
3704:and
3634:emir
3581:The
3427:Tiye
3183:and
2069:Nana
1997:rani
1878:and
1684:list
1600:Rank
1593:List
1448:High
805:Seca
561:Dual
258:Earl
206:Jarl
109:King
5566:Man
3928:136
3253:Ota
2101:of
2029:In
1965:is
1895:not
1771:The
1672:War
5925::
5842:/
5830:,
4292:.
4254:.
4250:.
4219:.
4171:,
4167:,
4142:.
4138:.
4113:.
4103:.
4099:.
4085:^
4039:AP
4037:.
4012:.
4004:.
4000:.
3981:.
3956:.
3952:.
3920:.
3885:.
3845:A
3690:,
3589:).
2256:c.
1971:.
1933::
1923:,
1882:.
1870:,
1766:.
1741:A
55:on
5836:)
5826:(
5401:)
5395:(
5242:)
5238:(
4334:e
4327:t
4320:v
4303:.
4265:.
4235:.
4154:.
4124:.
4053:.
4023:.
3967:.
3895:.
3859:.
3732:.
3719:.
3708:.
3684:.
3659:.
3640:.
3626:.
3616:.
3195:.
2254:(
1983:"
1929:(
1862:.
1769:"
1730:e
1723:t
1716:v
435:e
428:t
421:v
45:.
34:.
20:)
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