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49:. It contains 473 dried plant specimens, belonging to 455 species and subspecies and 97 families, and is one of the largest and oldest known of its kind. A fine leather binding, blind and gold embossed ornamentation, and gilt and gauffered edges are all features of the large 42 x 29 cm book. The characteristics of the paper and the consistent anvil-and-hammer
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The En Tibi herbarium was supposed to contain 500 specimens. However, several pages are missing or have been cut out, one plant was never glued on the corresponding sheet and was subsequently lost, and several mistakes were made in the numbering of plants, leading to a reduction of the actual number
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was also attributed. The En Tibi was probably a work on commission for
Petrollini, who provided the plant material for the book. Other people were apparently involved in the compilation and offering of the work to an as yet unknown person, possibly as a gift to the Habsburg Emperor
150:. The plant specimens do not follow a clear order in the book, but the intention was most probably to have an alphabetical arrangement, which is currently interrupted by plants that may have been added at a later stage.
106:. Described by Anastasia Stefanaki as "It's like having a painting by Leonardo da Vinci and not knowing that it's he who made it". The earliest possessor of the herbarium is recognized as the Habsburg
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191:
249:
Stefanaki, Anastasia; Thijsse, Gerard; van
Uffelen, Gerda A.; Eurlings, Marcel C. M.; van Andel, Tinde (July 2018). "The En Tibi herbarium, a 16th century Italian treasure".
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in 1542–1544. This hypothesis was rejected by a multidisciplinary team in 2019. This team established that the En Tibi herbarium was made in
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In 1992, in a paper published in
Italian, Sergio Toresella, an expert on medieval herbals, proposed that the herbarium was made in
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The attribution of the En Tibi and Cibo
Herbaria to Francesco Petrollini was mainly accomplished through handwriting analysis.
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indicate that all the sheets are from a single source. A valuable and costly 16th-century object, its full
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Breaking the silence of the 500-year-old smiling garden of everlasting flowers: The En Tibi book herbarium.
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Stefanaki, A., Porck, H., Grimaldi, I. M., Thurn, N., Pugliano, V., Kardinaal, A., … Andel, T. V. (2019).
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Sixteenth-century tomatoes in Europe: who saw them, what did they look like, and where did they come from?
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of specimens preserved in the book to 473. The plants in the herbarium belong to 97 families and 455
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regions. Four hairs were found to belong to four different individuals.
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in the 1500s. The book is currently held in the treasure room of the
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Here for you a smiling garden of everlasting flowers
158:Eight hairs were found underneath plant specimens.
162:tests were carried out using two hypervariable
89:around 1558. The herbarium was attributed to
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57:is unknown; its earliest possessor was the
38:En tibi perpetuis ridentem floribus hortum
251:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
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7:
24:fruit and leaves, preserved in the
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130:435 of the En Tibi specimens are
224:Yeager, Ashley (Mar 1, 2020).
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67:Naturalis Biodiversity Center
20:The second oldest surviving
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263:10.1093/botlinnean/boy024
190:Tinde van Andel et al., "
226:"A Smiling Garden, 1558"
97:botanist, to whom the
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170:Handwriting analysis
91:Francesco Petrollini
45:) is a 16th-century
283:Herbaria in Europe
108:Emperor Rudolph II
63:Emperor Rudolph II
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194:" (preprint 2021)
33:En Tibi herbarium
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257:(3): 397–427.
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110:in the 1500s.
99:Cibo Herbarium
93:, a neglected
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160:DNA profiling
154:Hair analysis
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140:pteridophytes
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233:. Retrieved
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146:and two are
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95:16th century
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35:, short for
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142:, four are
136:gymnosperms
134:, five are
132:angiosperms
104:Ferdinand I
235:2020-05-01
178:References
144:bryophytes
125:subspecies
55:provenance
138:, 13 are
51:watermark
47:herbarium
28:Herbarium
277:Category
208:PLOS ONE
61:Emperor
59:Habsburg
148:lichens
121:species
114:Content
87:Bologna
83:Ferrara
77:History
26:En Tibi
71:Leiden
22:tomato
164:mtDNA
214:(6).
123:and
259:doi
255:187
69:in
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212:14
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