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250:, together with Dr. Hans Schmid, rediscovered the so-called Punic wax technique of encaustic painting. Faiss held two German patents related to the preparation of waxes for encaustic painting. One covered a method for treating beeswax so that its melting point was raised from 60 to 100 °C (140 to 212 °F). This occurred after boiling the wax in a solution of sea water and soda three successive times. The resulting harder wax is the same as the Punic wax referred to in ancient Greek writings on encaustic painting. Other 20th-century North American artists, including
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Metal tools and special brushes can be used to shape the medium as it cools. Also, heated metal tools, including spatulas, knives and scrapers, can be used to manipulate the medium after it has cooled onto the surface. Additionally, heat lamps, torches, heat guns, and other methods of applying heat
269:
Encaustic art has seen a resurgence in popularity since the 1990s, with artists using electric irons, hotplates and heated styli on different surfaces, including card, paper, and even pottery. The iron makes producing a variety of artistic patterns easier. The medium is not limited to just simple
77:, potentially with other ingredients. For pigmentation, dried powdered pigments can be used, though some artists use pigmented wax, inks, oil paints or other forms of pigmentation.
160:, "to burn", and this element of heat is necessary for a painting to be called encaustic. Encaustice or Encaustike (ἐγκαυστική) was the art of painting by burning in the colours.
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are used by encaustic artists to fuse and bind the medium. Because encaustic medium is thermally malleable, the medium can be also sculpted, and materials can be encased,
708:]. Congreso Internacional de Muralismo: San Ildefonso cuna del muralismo mexicano, Reflexiones historiográficas y artísticas (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from
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278:. Although technically difficult to master, attractions of this medium for contemporary artists are its dimensional quality and luminous color.
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A completely unrelated type of "encaustic painting", not involving wax at all, is found in
British ceramics, after
675:"Swept Away: Translucence, Transparence, Transcendence in Contemporary Encaustic, Curator, Michael A. Giaquinto"
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and other materials are sometimes used. The simplest encaustic medium could be made by adding pigments to
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Reams, Maxine (October 19, 1952). "Unique Wax
Paintings by Immigrant Artist Should Endure 10,000 Years".
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491:"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), E, Emporiae, Encaustĭké"
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from the 1st
Century AD. The oldest surviving encaustic panel paintings are the Romano-Egyptian
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The Art of
Encaustic Painting: Contemporary Expression in the Ancient Medium of Pigmented Wax
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have been added. The molten mix is applied to a surface—usually prepared wood, though
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designs; it can also be used to create complex paintings, just as in other media such as
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Reams, Maxine. "Unique Wax
Paintings by Immigrant Artist should Endure 10,000 Years."
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are not painted at all, but effectively inlaid with contrasting colours of clay for a
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Wanderlust. Gedichte und
Malerei in Enkaustik - poems and encaustic paintings
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465:"Encaustic – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
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The wax encaustic painting technique was described by the Roman scholar
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and encaustic techniques. It was practiced by the indigenous tribe of
757:. Translated by John Bostock; H.T. Riley. London: Taylor and Francis.
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devised and patented the technique in 1769. This was a mixture of
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Artists specializing in encaustic painting include the following:
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Encaustic Art: The
Complete Guide to Creating Fine Art with Wax
799:(Revised, Expanded ed.). New York: Watson-Guptill. p. 60.
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El Primer Fresco de Jean
Charlot: La Masacre en el Templo Mayor
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Jean
Charlot's First Fresco:The Massacre in the Main Temple
108:. The technique was copied by other British potteries.
730:
The
Mysterious Fayum Portraits: Faces from Ancient Egypt
792:, Paris: Imprimerie de La société de typographie, 1890.
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sometimes used encaustic painting. The Belgian artist
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but was effectively abandoned in the Western Church.
445:
Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections
57:that involves a heated wax medium to which colored
851:
854:The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques
507:
227:The Mummy of Demetrios, 95-100 C.E.,11.600a-b,
595:"Le feu d'artifice (Fireworks) - James Ensor"
533:"Pinoy artist promotes native art in Chicago"
8:
913:Early Icons from St. Catherine's, The Sinai
835:. Watson-Guptill Publications. p. 22.
200:island around 1600 to 1800. Artists in the
69:, though recipes most commonly consist of
797:Painter's Handbook: Revised and Expanded
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29:
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850:Mayer, Ralph; Sheehan, Steven (1991).
698:Charlot, John (February 16–20, 1998).
7:
633:"Fritz Faiss Encaustic Work Shown".
134:The word encaustic originates from
650:"Encaustic Painting - Ralph Mayer"
266:, have used encaustic techniques.
220:also experimented with encaustic.
34:A 6th-century encaustic icon from
25:
810:Hildebrandt, Hans. "Fritz Faiss"
142:, which means "burning in", from
824:. San Francisko, USA: Blurb Inc.
100:"enamel" paints used to imitate
879:. Watson-Guptill Publications.
818:Hüttemann-Holz, Birgit (2013).
637:. February 3, 1952. p. D6.
795:Gottsegen, Mark David (2006).
765:(exhibition catalogue), 1995,
1:
234:In the 20th century, painter
85:or layered into the medium.
789:La Peinture à l'Encaustique
188:Kut-kut, a lost art of the
102:ancient Greek vase painting
36:Saint Catherine's Monastery
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767:Victoria and Albert Museum
238:(1905–1981), a student of
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144:
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599:Google Arts & Culture
829:Mattera, Joanne (2001).
427:Encaustic Art Institute
873:Rankin, Lissa (2010).
763:The Genius of Wedgwood
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210:Fernando Leal (artist)
131:
43:
761:Young, Hilary (ed.),
558:"Painting: Encaustic"
495:www.perseus.tufts.edu
291:Fernando Leal Audirac
264:Fernando Leal Audirac
226:
175:Fayum mummy portraits
127:
33:
908:All Things Encaustic
725:Doxiadis, Euphrosyne
654:www.abstract-art.com
508:Pliny the Elder 1855
441:"Bulb Pot and Cover"
423:"What Is Encaustic?"
129:Fayum mummy portrait
933:Painting techniques
918:Encaustic Art Today
754:The Natural History
469:merriam-webster.com
316:Christel Dillbohner
106:red-figure painting
938:Painting materials
356:Bridgette Meinhold
282:Encaustic painters
232:
204:movement, such as
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47:Encaustic painting
44:
27:Painting technique
943:Visual arts media
895:Los Angeles Times
886:978-0-8230-9928-3
865:978-0-670-83701-4
842:978-0-8230-0283-2
805:978-0-8230-3496-3
786:Déneux, Gabriel.
740:978-0-500-28217-5
635:Los Angeles Times
620:Los Angeles Times
510:, Book 35, ch 41.
244:Wassily Kandinsky
18:Encaustic painter
16:(Redirected from
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812:Kunst der Nation
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733:. H. N. Abrams.
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306:Pedro Cuni-Bravo
258:, Mark Perlman,
202:Mexican muralism
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51:hot wax painting
49:, also known as
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366:Michele Ridolfi
301:Rodney Carswell
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229:Brooklyn Museum
183:Byzantine icons
170:Natural History
165:Pliny the Elder
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110:Encaustic tiles
90:Josiah Wedgwood
53:, is a form of
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602:. Retrieved
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582:Charlot 1998
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566:. Retrieved
562:the original
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541:. Retrieved
537:ABS-CBN News
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473:. Retrieved
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391:Amanta Scott
346:Jasper Johns
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252:Jasper Johns
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214:Jean Charlot
206:Diego Rivera
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94:ceramic slip
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475:14 November
371:Jenny Sages
331:Fritz Faiss
321:Thomas Dodd
236:Fritz Faiss
218:James Ensor
190:Philippines
151:, "in" and
140:ἐγκαυστικός
75:damar resin
927:Categories
858:. Viking.
716:2016-06-09
692:References
680:2022-11-30
659:21 October
604:2022-11-30
568:2011-05-13
543:2016-06-09
450:2022-11-30
386:Karl Zerbe
341:Heraclides
192:, employs
114:polychrome
751:(1855) .
326:Betsy Eby
260:John Shaw
240:Paul Klee
194:sgraffito
116:pattern.
98:overglaze
727:(1995).
397:See also
83:collaged
59:pigments
55:painting
361:Pausias
276:acrylic
248:Bauhaus
246:at the
167:in his
120:History
71:beeswax
883:
862:
839:
814:, 1933
803:
773:
737:
471:. 2013
158:kaiein
154:καίειν
63:canvas
704:[
409:Notes
198:Samar
179:Egypt
177:from
40:Egypt
881:ISBN
860:ISBN
837:ISBN
801:ISBN
771:ISBN
735:ISBN
661:2016
477:2013
274:and
262:and
242:and
212:and
96:and
73:and
272:oil
67:wax
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254:,
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149:en
145:ἐν
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