2050:
809:
hardship and suffering. In addition, as of the end of 2008, another US$ 96.658 million in individual damage awards were made. Only US$ 73.526 million of the individual claims award has been paid, however, and no new awards were made between the end of 2008 and May 2010. Due to stock market losses, payments rates that have outstripped fund income, and other issues, the fund was nearly exhausted, as of May 2010, and unable to make any additional awards or payments. A lawsuit by
Marshallese arguing that "changed circumstances" made Nuclear Claims Tribunal unable to make just compensation was dismissed by the
2086:
2026:
38:
753:" nuclear weapons test. A dome composed of 358 concrete panels, each 46 centimeters (18 in) thick, was constructed over the material. The final cost of the cleanup project was US$ 239 million. The United States government declared the southern and western islands in the atoll safe for habitation in 1980, and residents of Enewetak returned that same year. The military members who participated in that cleanup mission are suffering from many health issues, but the U.S. Government refused to provide health coverage until 2022 with the passage of the
2105:
91:
2062:
2038:
71:
2074:
3804:
2117:
2014:
249:
720:
241:
582:
98:
3649:
609:. The 1st Amphibious Brigade arrived on January 4, 1944. Some 2,586 of its 3,940 men were left to defend Eniwetok Atoll, supplemented by aviation personnel, civilian employees, and laborers. However, they were unable to finish the fortifications before the American attack came in February. During the ensuing
760:
The 2000 environmental restoration award included funds for additional cleanup of radioactivity on
Enewetak. Rather than scrape the topsoil off, replace it with clean topsoil, and create another radioactive waste repository dome at some site on the atoll (a project estimated to cost US$ 947 million),
2331:
The
Hardtack I Yucca test was conducted using a stratospheric balloon. The ship with this balloon departed from Bikini Atoll. The launch of this balloon was made between Enewetak and Bikini Atolls, slightly closer to Bikini. The surface zero was closer to Enewetak Atoll. Therefore this test can only
2257:
There is a discrepancy related to the total number of tests conducted: 42 or 43. The total number is 43, but two tests (HARDTACK I SCAEVOLA and HARDTACK I QUINCE) were with zero yield: one was a safety test, the other did not work out. And sometimes one of them doesn't count. Another source of this
924:
had developed a seaplane base on Parry Island. Following its capture on 22 February, Seabee's from the 110th Naval
Construction Battalion expanded the base, building a coral-surfaced parking area and shops for minor aircraft and engine overhaul. A marine ways was installed on a Japanese pier and
808:
was established to adjudicate claims. In 2000, the tribunal made a compensation award to the people of
Enewetak consisting of US$ 107.8 million for environmental restoration; US$ 244 million in damages to cover economic losses caused by loss of access and use of the atoll; and US$ 34 million for
707:
to test onboard samples. B-17 mother ships controlled the drones while flying within visual distance of them. In all, 16 to 20 B-17s took part in this operation, of which half were controlling aircraft and half were drones. To examine the explosion clouds of the nuclear bombs in 1957/58, several
633:
of the 110th Naval
Construction Battalion arrived on February 21 and 27 to begin construction of Stickell Field. It had two taxiways and a 6,800-by-400-foot (2,070 by 120 m) runway. In June 1945, the 67th CB arrived to build a 35,000 man recreation center to be turned over to CBMU 608.
613:, the Americans captured Enewetak in a five-day amphibious operation. Fighting mainly took place on Engebi Islet, site of the most important Japanese installation, although some combat occurred on the main islet of Enewetak itself and on Parry Island, where there was a Japanese seaplane base.
851:
arrived on
Eniwetok between 21 and 27 February 1944 and began clearing the island for construction of a bomber airfield. A 2,100-meter (6,900 ft) by 120-meter (390 ft) runway with taxiways and supporting facilities was built. The first plane landed on 11 March. By 5 April the first
796:
between the governments of the United States and the
Marshall Islands establishes a process for Marshallese to make a claim against the United States government as a result of damage and injury caused by nuclear testing. That same year, an agreement was signed to implement Section 177, which
2297:, which is highly radioactive, is chemically similar to potassium. Since the atoll is deficient in potassium, plants absorb cesium from the ground instead. This makes the plants inedible. Cesium also is deposited in the muscles of the human body, just as potassium is. See:
3051:
Graham, Bill. "Written
Testimony of Bill Graham, Public Advocate (retired), Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal." Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global Environment. Committee on Foreign Affairs. United States House of Representatives. May 20,
2267:
A 15 kiloton nuclear weapon exploded but did not undergo nuclear fission on Runit, scattering plutonium over the island. Runit Island is not habitable for the next 24,000 years, which is why it was chosen for the nuclear waste repository. See: Wargo, John.
2146:
797:
established a US$ 150 million trust fund. The fund was intended to generate US$ 18 million a year, which would be payable to claimants on an agreed-upon schedule. If the US$ 18 million a year generated by the fund was not enough to cover claims, the
672:. Before testing commenced, the U.S. exhumed the bodies of United States servicemen killed in the Battle of Enewetak and returned them to the United States to be re-buried by their families. 43 nuclear tests were fired at Enewetak from 1948 to 1958.
2728:
Chapter XXVII Bases in the
Central Pacific, Building the Navy's Bases in World War II, History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps, 1940-1946, Volume II, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, 1947, p.325
2258:
discrepancy is the widely cited article by Simon and Robison, the summary of which lists the total number of tests conducted at Enewetak Atoll as 42 (including two tests with zero yield), although the attached table lists data for all 43 tests.
624:
stationed in the lagoon. The daily average of ships present during the first half of July 1944 was 488; during the second half of July, the daily average number of ships at Enewetak was 283. Naval Base Eniwetok was part of the vast
2150:
2129:
2147:
3653:
2202:
systems. A MILS installation, consisting of both a target array for precision location and a broad ocean area system for good positions outside the target area, was installed at Eniwetok as part of the system supporting
574:, but mostly left affairs in hands of traditional local leaders until the start of World War II. The atoll, together with other parts of Marshall Islands located to the west of 164°E, was placed under the governance of
4413:
740:
of Enewetak and other islands. During the three-year, US$ 100 million cleanup process, the military mixed more than 80,000 cubic meters (100,000 cu yd) of contaminated soil and debris from the islands with
2149:
2133:
2131:
2565:
Schlanger, S. O.; Campbell, J. F.; Jackson, M. W. (1987). "Post-Eocene subsidence of the Marshall Islands Recorded By Drowned Atolls on Harrie and Sylvania Guyots". In Keating, B. H.; et al. (eds.).
2085:
2503:
Clouard, Valerie; Bonneville, Alain (2005). "Ages of Seamounts, Islands and Plateaus on the Pacific Plate". In Foulger, Gillian R.; Natland, James H.; Presnall, Dean C.; et al. (eds.).
2132:
2198:, to localize the splash downs of test missile nose cones. MILS was developed and installed by the same entities that had completed the first phase of the Atlantic and U.S. West Coast
664:, until the independence of the Marshall Islands in 1986. During its tenure, the United States evacuated the local residents many times, often involuntarily. The atoll was used for
2988:
Current Trends in Radiation Protection: On the Occasion of the 11th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association, 23–28 May 2004, Madrid, Spain.
2025:
3195:
3793:
4236:
4215:
3732:
3824:
546:
called the islands "Brown's Range" (thus, the Japanese name "Brown Atoll"). It was visited by about a dozen ships before the establishment of the German colony of the
3572:
2431:
4512:
4502:
455:
The Runit Dome is deteriorating and could be breached by a typhoon, though the sediments in the lagoon are even more radioactive than those which are contained.
3758:
2148:
2709:
2049:
3075:"Loss-of-Damages From U.S. Nuclear Testing in the Marshall Islands: Technical Analysis of the Nuclear Claims Tribunal Methodology and Alternative Estimate"
2130:
4266:
3028:
2789:
4190:
3844:
3054:
3203:
4492:
4327:
4195:
3839:
3106:
3154:
90:
3849:
3834:
3778:
661:
3678:
4357:
3725:
3611:
2958:
821:
769:
connecting the two main islands of the atoll (Enewetak and Parry). The cost of the potassium decontamination project was US$ 103.3 million.
467:
referred to the atoll as "Eniwetok" until 1974, when it changed its official spelling to "Enewetak" (along with many other Marshall Islands
4507:
4307:
4175:
2766:
2212:
2208:
401:
total less than 5.85 square kilometers (2.26 sq mi), it is no higher than 5 meters (16.4 ft) and surrounds a deep central
4389:
4276:
4205:
4200:
781:
4426:
4163:
2204:
2104:
2061:
810:
134:
4271:
4220:
4185:
3812:
3668:
3632:
3246:
3192:
4332:
4210:
3718:
776:
projects that the majority of the atoll will be fit for human habitation by 2026–2027, after nuclear decay, de-contamination and
2073:
2037:
784:
reported that rising sea levels caused by climate change are seeping inside the dome, causing radioactive material to leak out.
4352:
4290:
4254:
3829:
3788:
3750:
2661:
749:. The material was placed in the 9.1-meter (30 ft) deep, 110-meter (360 ft) wide crater created by the May 5, 1958, "
3264:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Volume VI: Aleutians, Gilberts and Marshalls, June 1942-April 1944
2575:
2512:
2487:
2316:
2191:
773:
2741:
532:
3592:
Building the Navy's Bases in World War II: History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks and the Civil Engineer Corps, 1940-1946
2459:
4322:
2528:
Ludwig, K. R.; Halley, R. B.; Simmons, K. R.; Peterman, Z. E. (1988). "Strontium-Isotope Stratigraphy of Enewetak Atoll".
754:
3021:"President Biden signs Queens lawmaker's bill into law to provide health care benefits for veterans exposed to radiation"
2439:
2180:
shaped object at the bottom right of the screen, as it was before the Redwing Seminole test was conducted on that island.
4382:
4377:
4337:
4312:
3803:
2384:
825:
3074:
4367:
4180:
3768:
2480:
Elements of controversy : the Atomic Energy Commission and radiation safety in nuclear weapons testing, 1947–1974
2116:
841:
793:
626:
37:
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3001:
593:
and islands to the east, no aviation personnel were stationed there and the island had only token defenses. When the
589:
In November 1942, the Japanese built an airfield on Engebi Island. As they used it only for refueling planes between
4393:
3705:
936:
2879:
2824:
2013:
4399:
3175:
2832:
962:
777:
2551:
4302:
3603:
The First Taint of Civilization: A History of the Caroline and Marshall Islands in Pre-colonial Days, 1521-1885
2570:. Geophysical Monograph Series. Vol. 43. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. pp. 165–174 .
2990:
Henri Métivier, Leopoldo Arranz, Eduardo Gallego, and Annie Sugier, eds. Les Ulis: EDP Sciences, 2004, p. 142.
3574:
Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 2: The History of VP, VPB, VP(H) and VP(AM) Squadrons
736:
A radiological survey of Enewetak was conducted from 1972 to 1973. In 1977, the United States military began
4487:
3783:
3020:
2395:
805:
669:
3050:
2281:
The government said that the northern islands would not be safe for inhabitation until 2010. See: Johnson,
921:
602:
598:
559:
3212:] takes students from Ratak Rak zone including schools in Majuro, Arno, Mili, and Enewetak/Mejatto."
617:
4372:
70:
3239:
The Reluctant Raiders: The Story of United States Navy Bombing Squadron VB/VPB-109 During World War II
2711:
Beans, Bullets, and Black Oil: The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II.
409:. It is the second-westernmost atoll of the Ralik Chain and is 305 kilometers (190 mi) west from
4497:
4317:
2906:
2539:
2195:
1659:
1299:
1179:
1067:
750:
700:
362:
351:
342:
2730:
1255:
1228:
1036:
798:
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crashed and sank 3.5 miles (5.6 km) short of the island. Robinson's body was never recovered.
704:
660:
After the end of World War II, Enewetak came under the control of the United States as part of the
621:
425:
4362:
4114:
3773:
3663:
3206:. Retrieved on February 22, 2018. p. 54 (PDF p. 55/118). "Marshall Islands High Schools [
2673:
2464:
2233:
946:
610:
571:
232:
3763:
3628:
3607:
3532:
3507:
3242:
2954:
2926:
2571:
2530:
2508:
2483:
2312:
2215:(IRBM) tests with impact areas northeast of Hawaii and the other ICBM test support systems at
2092:
1476:
1151:
765:. Soil that could not be effectively treated for human use was removed and used as fill for a
567:
374:
2308:
2301:
712:) were launched. One USAF airman Jimmy Robinson was lost at sea during the tests. Robinson's
578:
during the Japanese administration period, separately from the rest of the Marshall Islands.
4404:
4048:
3741:
2918:
2781:
2604:
2547:
2177:
2161:
1437:
1123:
992:
986:
905:
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853:
802:
649:
575:
547:
394:
262:
248:
207:
76:
60:
49:
4042:
3679:
Annotated bibliography for Eniwetok Atoll from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
2853:
4075:
3672:
3460:
3199:
3179:
3058:
742:
737:
713:
665:
563:
464:
429:
495:. This seamount is now about 1,400 meters (4,600 ft) below sea level. It is made of
2691:
2543:
727:. The dome is placed in the crater created by the "Cactus" nuclear weapons test in 1958.
4035:
4029:
3932:
2165:
1056:
989:
operating PBM-3Ds from 2 November 1944 – 12 February 1945 and 6 March 1945-January 1946
874:
4481:
4137:
4023:
4012:
2880:"Into the Mushroom Cloud: Most pilots would head away from a thermonuclear explosion"
2785:
2413:
2237:
2216:
1380:
1095:
684:
676:
638:
472:
417:
406:
386:
27:
Coral atoll in the Marshall Islands; site of U.S. nuclear testing during the Cold War
4421:
4121:
4106:
4017:
3926:
3913:
3891:
3878:
2922:
2767:"A Compilation of Nuclear Weapons Test Detonation Data for U.S Pacific Ocean Tests"
955:
operating PBM-3Ds from 19 August-17 October 1944 and from 15 July-11 September 1945
852:
operational bombing mission was conducted. The base was later named for Lieutenant
746:
642:
605:, formed from the 3rd Independent Garrison, which had previously been stationed in
590:
476:
445:
421:
410:
56:
3622:
3601:
3590:
2948:
995:
operating PBM-3Ds from 10 October-30 November 1944 and from 25 June-7 August 1945
4129:
4054:
3982:
3920:
3906:
3899:
3872:
3867:
3859:
2220:
696:
449:
382:
169:
4144:
4098:
4090:
4061:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3884:
3699:
2194:(MILS) in the Navy managed Pacific Missile Range, later the Air Force managed
724:
500:
492:
468:
2930:
2360:
149:
136:
4465:
4431:
4068:
3939:
3710:
3081:
2609:
2592:
2399:
762:
719:
645:
606:
514:
398:
45:
42:
3220:
3218:
2950:
Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940
745:
and buried it in an atomic blast crater on the northern end of the atoll's
2986:
Linsley, Gordon. "Site Restoration and Cleanup of Contaminated Areas." In
2139:
Video clips of three test nuclear explosions in Eniwetok, Marshall Islands
780:
efforts create sufficient dose reductions. However, in November 2017, the
240:
3182:." Marshall Islands Public School System. Retrieved on February 21, 2018.
2173:
2169:
2096:
1632:
1419:
1403:
912:
The airstrip is now abandoned and its surface partially covered by sand.
766:
688:
680:
594:
488:
441:
389:
and with its 296 people (as of 2021) forms a legislative district of the
53:
971:
operating PBM-5Es from 1 February 1948 in support of Operation Sandstone
581:
4082:
4006:
3972:
3683:
980:
898:
892:
886:
709:
692:
630:
504:
3506:
Subcommittee on Military Construction (March–April) (April 29, 1959).
3172:
2677:
2240:
is set on an island of Eniwetok in the aftermath of the nuclear tests.
17:
3946:
3484:
2389:
2294:
932:
848:
829:
496:
402:
3485:"Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010"
2468:, Michael B. Gerrard, December 3, 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
2270:
Green Intelligence: Creating Environments That Protect Human Health.
3694:
3577:. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy
3999:
3002:"Troops Who Cleaned Up Radioactive Islands Can't Get Medical Care"
2507:. Boulder, Colo.: Geological Society of America. pp. 71–90 .
2332:
be conditionally classified as a test performed at Enewetak Atoll.
2199:
974:
968:
958:
952:
942:
880:
870:
718:
580:
540:
390:
247:
239:
3155:"Supreme Court: No Review of Award for US Nuclear Weapons Tests"
616:
Following its capture, the anchorage at Enewetok became a major
511:
3714:
2747:. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. September 2021. pp. 2–3
2031:
B-17 drone at Eniwetok Airfield in 1948 for Operation Sandstone
1221:
Approx 31.8 megatons (almost 6% of total test yield worldwide)
416:
It was held by the Japanese from 1914 until its capture by the
59:
can be seen near the north cape of the atoll, with the smaller
3208:
539:" (The Gardens). In 1794, sailors aboard the British merchant
444:; in 1977–1980, a concrete dome (the Runit Dome) was built on
437:
316:
274:
2649:
The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations
2207:(ICBM) tests. Other Pacific MILS shore terminals were at the
558:
With the rest of the Marshalls, Enewetak was captured by the
322:
289:
3657:
3531:
Subcommittee on Military Construction (May) (May 20, 1959).
2482:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 14.
761:
most areas still contaminated on Enewetak were treated with
531:
The first European colonizers to Enewetak, Spanish explorer
2552:
10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0173:SISOEA>2.3.CO;2
2432:"Enewetak Atoll – nuclear trash can of the pacific – UTAOT"
433:
301:
280:
265:
3691:(www.watoday.com.au report on Runit Dome, August 18, 2008)
528:
The islands were first settled by Austronesian islanders.
3684:
Information on legal judgements to the people of Enewetak
3359:
3357:
3276:
3224:
928:
US Navy and Marine units based at Parry Island included:
307:
2651:
The American Geographical Society, New York, 1967, p.122
570:
in 1920. The Japanese administered the island under the
3534:
Military Construction Appropriations for 1960: Hearings
3509:
Military Construction Appropriations for 1960: Hearings
2811:
Nuclear Weapons and Nonproliferation: A Reference Book.
2714:
Washington, D.C.: Department of the Navy, 1953, p. 163.
2190:
From 1958 through 1960 the United States installed the
525:
Humans have inhabited the atoll since about 1,000 B.C.
3695:
Enewetak Atoll Atomic Debris Cleanup Mission Survivors
2272:
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009, p. 15.
866:
US Navy and Marine units based at Eniwetok included:
325:
313:
304:
298:
292:
283:
277:
271:
535:, arrived on 10 October 1529. He called the island "
319:
286:
4412:
4346:
4289:
4253:
4229:
4162:
3981:
3858:
3811:
3749:
3143:
Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar, 2011, p. 161-162.
2414:"Marshallese-English Dictionary - Place Name Index"
310:
268:
228:
220:
215:
199:
191:
183:
175:
165:
128:
120:
115:
2300:
4237:Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site
3130:The Compact was ratified by both nations in 1986.
355:
3069:
3067:
2307:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p.
2168:and was detonated just north east of Ivy Mike's
977:operating PB2Y-3s from 3 February-30 August 1944
562:in 1914, during World War I and mandated to the
3266:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 306.
983:operating PBM-3Ds from 24 February-1 March 1944
863:on Engebi Island were transferred to Eniwetok.
436:totaling the equivalent of over 30 megatons of
2813:Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2002, p. 208.
3726:
2854:"F-84G-5-RE Thunderjet Serial Number 51-1040"
889:operating PB4Y-1s from 5 April-14 August 1944
8:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
895:operating PB4Y-1s from 7 July-27 August 1944
883:operating PB4Y-1s from 11 April-10 July 1944
30:
2942:
2940:
2724:
2722:
2720:
1010:Nuclear Tests on and around Enewetak Atoll
517:above sea level of 3 meters (9.8 ft).
4343:
4295:
4259:
4226:
4168:
3855:
3817:
3733:
3719:
3711:
2095:, conducted on the coast of the island of
1008:
901:operating PB4Y-1s from 1 March-3 July 1945
691:, It also created two new elements :
622:Service Squadron 4 and Service Squadron 10
69:
29:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
2664:(1920). "Germany's Lost Pacific Empire".
2608:
3204:Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)
2765:Simon, S.L.; Robison, W.L. (July 1997).
2460:A Pacific isle radioactive and forgotten
1664:
1481:
1442:
1385:
1304:
1233:
503:of the entire region and not because of
3555:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3288:
2344:
2250:
2009:
652:, was accidentally electrocuted there.
4513:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
4503:Enewetak Atoll nuclear explosive tests
3779:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
908:from 27 June 1945 until September 1946
662:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
491:. The seamount was formed in the late
79:highlighting the Enewetak Atoll in red
3141:Nuclear Weapons, Justice and the Law.
3019:Mohamed, Carlotta (August 12, 2022).
2635:
2623:
925:boat-repair shops were also erected.
824:operates Enewetak Elementary School.
822:Marshall Islands Public School System
601:assigned defense of the atoll to the
361:
350:
7:
4176:Constitution of the Marshall Islands
3658:Air Force Historical Research Agency
2825:"Element Hunting in a Nuclear Storm"
2809:Diehl, Sarah and Moltz, James Clay.
2213:Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
2209:Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay
1466:Off Bogon Islet near Ivy Mike crater
859:In mid-September 1944 operations at
788:U.S. relations with Marshall Islands
499:, and its depth is due to a general
3241:. Schiffer Publishing. p. 64.
3105:Willacy, Mark (November 27, 2017).
2947:Schwartz, Stephen I. (2011-12-01).
2591:Munk, Walter; Day, Deborah (2004).
782:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
683:, occurred in late 1952 as part of
187:5.85 km (2.26 sq mi)
4427:Marshall Islands War Memorial Park
3595:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
3589:Bureau of Yards and Docks (1947).
2205:Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
965:from 20 August 1944 – 9 April 1945
849:110th Naval Construction Battalion
811:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
3675: (archived December 23, 2010)
2975:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2911:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2823:Chapman, Kit (January 14, 2020).
2692:"昔はサイパンもパラオも「日本」だった ── 日本の南洋群島統治"
2283:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1000:List of nuclear tests at Eniwetok
585:Fighting on Enewetak Atoll in WW2
471:, to more properly reflect their
252:Aerial view of Enewetak and Parry
3802:
3652: This article incorporates
3647:
3487:. IUSS/CAESAR Alumni Association
3153:Richey, Warren (April 5, 2010).
3031:from the original on 2022-08-13.
2786:10.1097/00004032-199707000-00022
2359:Brinkhoff, Thomas (2022-06-11).
2144:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1408:19:14:59.4 31 October 1952 (GMT)
405:, 80 kilometers (50 mi) in
261:
97:
96:
89:
36:
4353:College of the Marshall Islands
3789:Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll
3689:Nursing a nuclear test hangover
3000:Philipps, Dave (Jan 28, 2017).
2953:. Brookings Institution Press.
2055:Ivy Mike test, October 31, 1952
1688:157 km N of Eniwetok Atoll
597:fell to the United States, the
4493:Atolls of the Marshall Islands
3606:. University of Hawaii Press.
3277:Bureau of Yards and Docks 1947
3225:Bureau of Yards and Docks 1947
2923:10.1080/00963402.1980.11458792
2568:Seamounts, Islands, and Atolls
2192:Missile Impact Location System
2186:Missile Impact Location System
774:Congressional Research Service
1:
2505:Plates, Plumes, and Paradigms
1114:500 kilotons - 10.4 megatons
939:from 26 February-22 June 1944
801:of the fund could be used. A
487:Enewetak Atoll formed atop a
48:image of Enewetak Atoll. The
3571:Roberts, Michael D. (2000).
2079:Ivy King test, November 1952
1424:23:30 15 November 1952 (GMT)
826:Marshall Islands High School
687:; it vaporized the islet of
4508:American nuclear test sites
4455:indicates populated islands
4181:Compact of Free Association
3769:Naval Base Marshall Islands
3701:ABC News documentary, 41min
3600:Hezel, Francis X. (1994) .
1142:110 kilotons - 15 megatons
842:Enewetak Auxiliary Airfield
794:Compact of Free Association
627:Naval Base Marshall Islands
365:; known to the Japanese as
4529:
4464:(parenthesis) indicates a
2478:Hacker, Barton C. (1994).
1993:04:00 18 August 1958 (GMT)
916:Parry Island seaplane base
839:
703:drones to fly through the
4448:
4400:Majuro Cooperative School
4298:
4262:
4171:
3820:
3800:
3159:Christian Science Monitor
3107:"A poison in tour island"
3057:October 25, 2012, at the
2833:Science History Institute
2164:produced a yield of 1.69
2067:Operation Greenhouse test
1979:02:15 6 August 1958 (GMT)
1685:18:15 28 April 1958 (GMT)
1339:18:26 20 April 1951 (GMT)
1272:18:09 30 April 1948 (GMT)
949:from 7 June-1 August 1944
778:environmental remediation
420:in February 1944, during
378:
204:
84:
68:
35:
3825:Administrative divisions
3262:Morison, Samuel (1975).
2884:Air & Space Magazine
2878:Wolverton, Mark (2009).
1965:20:30 26 July 1958 (GMT)
1951:18:15 22 July 1958 (GMT)
1937:23:00 17 July 1958 (GMT)
1923:04:00 14 July 1958 (GMT)
1881:19:30 28 June 1958 (GMT)
1867:18:30 27 June 1958 (GMT)
1853:03:00 18 June 1958 (GMT)
1839:18:30 14 June 1958 (GMT)
1646:18:12 21 July 1956 (GMT)
1600:21:26 21 June 1956 (GMT)
1586:01:14 16 June 1956 (GMT)
1572:23:26 13 June 1956 (GMT)
1558:18:26 11 June 1956 (GMT)
1325:18:34 7 April 1951 (GMT)
1170:190 tons - 1.9 megatons
840:Not to be confused with
792:Section 177 of the 1983
533:Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón
3784:Pacific Proving Grounds
3621:Ballard, J. G. (1964).
3193:Annual Report 2011-2012
2610:10.5670/oceanog.2004.53
2396:Oxford University Press
2299:Firth, Stewart (1987).
1909:18:30 5 July 1958 (GMT)
1895:18:30 1 July 1958 (GMT)
1825:23:15 8 June 1958 (GMT)
1811:18:45 2 June 1958 (GMT)
1797:02:50 30 May 1958 (GMT)
1783:18:00 26 May 1958 (GMT)
1755:18:30 20 May 1958 (GMT)
1741:01:30 16 May 1958 (GMT)
1727:18:30 12 May 1958 (GMT)
1713:18:15 11 May 1958 (GMT)
1628:18:06 8 July 1956 (GMT)
1614:18:06 2 July 1956 (GMT)
1544:00:55 6 June 1956 (GMT)
1530:18:15 30 May 1956 (GMT)
1516:19:56 27 May 1956 (GMT)
1367:18:17 24 May 1951 (GMT)
1286:18:04 14 May 1948 (GMT)
806:Nuclear Claims Tribunal
670:Pacific Proving Grounds
656:Nuclear weapons testing
4461:indicate single island
3669:Entry at Oceandots.com
3654:public domain material
2905:Johnson, Giff (1980).
2742:"Operation HARDTACK I"
2708:Carter, Worrall Reed.
2172:crater. The Island of
2122:Hardtack Umbrella test
2110:Red-wing Seminole test
2091:Test shot Seminole of
1769:2:00 26 May 1958 (GMT)
1699:18:15 5 May 1958 (GMT)
1502:18:25 4 May 1956 (GMT)
1353:21:30 8 May 1951 (GMT)
922:Imperial Japanese Navy
877:from 12–27 August 1944
832:serves the community.
728:
603:1st Amphibious Brigade
599:Imperial Japanese Army
586:
560:Imperial Japanese Navy
440:took place during the
356:
346:
253:
245:
192:Highest elevation
3664:Marshall Islands site
2886:(August). Smithsonian
2392:UK English Dictionary
1463:18:00 13 May 1954 UTC
1254:18:17 14 April 1948 (
755:Honoring our PACT Act
722:
708:rockets (mostly from
699:. This test included
618:US Naval Advance Base
584:
385:of 40 islands in the
251:
244:Map of Enewetak Atoll
243:
195:5 m (16 ft)
4390:Kwajalein Jr./Sr. HS
4358:Public School System
3627:. Carroll and Graf.
3461:"YUCCA NUCLEAR TEST"
3237:Carey, Alan (1999).
3061:Accessed 2012-11-01.
2792:on November 10, 2004
1660:Operation Hardtack I
1300:Operation Greenhouse
1206:Total (on Enewetak)
1198:Zero - 8.9 megatons
732:Radiological cleanup
701:B-17 Flying Fortress
63:crater adjoining it.
4383:Northern Islands HS
4378:Marshall Islands HS
3537:. pp. 818, 824
2666:Geographical Review
2544:1988Geo....16..173L
2043:Operation Sandstone
1229:Operation Sandstone
1011:
772:A report by the US
723:Aerial view of the
641:, who executed the
554:World Wars I and II
426:Naval Base Eniwetok
146: /
32:
4368:Kwajalein Atoll HS
4267:Telecommunications
3862:(Sunrise, Eastern)
3850:Towns and villages
3794:Colonial governors
3774:South Seas Mandate
3624:The Terminal Beach
3512:. pp. 169–170
3198:2018-02-22 at the
3178:2018-02-21 at the
3006:The New York Times
2662:Churchill, William
2465:The New York Times
2402:on March 22, 2020.
2361:"Marshall Islands"
2303:Nuclear Playground
2234:The Terminal Beach
2227:In popular culture
2019:Battle of Eniwetok
1086:45.5-225 kilotons
1009:
904:VPB-144 operating
729:
611:Battle of Eniwetok
587:
572:South Seas Mandate
477:Marshall Islanders
254:
246:
150:11.500°N 162.333°E
4475:
4474:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4285:
4284:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4216:Political parties
4191:Foreign relations
4158:
4157:
4154:
4153:
3985:(Sunset, Western)
3764:German New Guinea
3613:978-0-8248-1643-8
3378:, pp. 233–4.
2960:978-0-8157-2294-6
2647:Brand, Donald D.
2232:The short story "
2151:
2134:
2093:Operation Redwing
2003:
2002:
1656:
1655:
1477:Operation Redwing
1473:
1472:
1434:
1433:
1377:
1376:
1296:
1295:
1225:
1224:
836:Eniwetok Airfield
705:radioactive cloud
679:test, code-named
668:, as part of the
648:convicted at the
568:League of Nations
452:soil and debris.
238:
237:
16:(Redirected from
4520:
4405:Delap SDA School
4344:
4296:
4260:
4227:
4169:
3856:
3818:
3806:
3742:Marshall Islands
3735:
3728:
3721:
3712:
3702:
3651:
3650:
3638:
3617:
3596:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3315:, p. 522-3.
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3213:
3189:
3183:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3144:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3080:. Archived from
3079:
3071:
3062:
3048:
3033:
3032:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2788:. Archived from
2771:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2715:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2696:teikoku-denmo.jp
2688:
2682:
2681:
2658:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2638:, p. 16-17.
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2475:
2469:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2438:. Archived from
2428:
2422:
2421:
2418:www.trussel2.com
2410:
2404:
2403:
2398:. Archived from
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2356:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2306:
2292:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2162:Operation Castle
2153:
2152:
2136:
2135:
2119:
2107:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
1665:
1482:
1443:
1438:Operation Castle
1386:
1305:
1234:
1192:
1187:
1164:
1159:
1136:
1131:
1108:
1107:15 November 1952
1103:
1080:
1075:
1049:
1044:
1012:
861:Wrigley Airfield
854:John H. Stickell
803:Marshall Islands
650:Nuremberg Trials
576:Pohnpei district
548:Marshall Islands
395:Marshall Islands
380:
364:
359:
353:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
208:Marshall Islands
161:
160:
158:
157:
156:
151:
147:
144:
143:
142:
139:
100:
99:
93:
77:Marshall Islands
73:
40:
33:
21:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4436:
4408:
4342:
4328:Public holidays
4281:
4241:
4230:U.S. government
4225:
4196:Law enforcement
4150:
3977:
3967:Knox (Nadikdik)
3854:
3807:
3798:
3745:
3739:
3700:
3673:Wayback Machine
3648:
3645:
3635:
3620:
3614:
3599:
3588:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3469:
3467:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3216:
3200:Wayback Machine
3190:
3186:
3180:Wayback Machine
3173:Public Schools
3170:
3166:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3059:Wayback Machine
3049:
3036:
3018:
3017:
3013:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2985:
2981:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2907:"Paradise lost"
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2795:
2793:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2707:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2538:(2): 173–177 .
2527:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2458:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2365:City Population
2358:
2357:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2229:
2188:
2181:
2154:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2099:
2089:
2080:
2077:
2068:
2065:
2056:
2053:
2044:
2041:
2032:
2029:
2020:
2017:
2008:
1884:Eniwetok Lagoon
1828:Eniwetok Lagoon
1772:Eniwetok Lagoon
1663:
1649:Off Flora Islet
1480:
1441:
1384:
1303:
1232:
1190:
1185:
1173:~2.61 megatons
1162:
1157:
1134:
1129:
1106:
1102:31 October 1952
1101:
1089:396.5 kilotons
1078:
1073:
1047:
1042:
1007:
1002:
918:
845:
838:
819:
813:in April 2010.
790:
743:Portland cement
738:decontamination
734:
714:F-84 Thunderjet
666:nuclear testing
658:
564:Empire of Japan
556:
523:
510:Enewetak has a
485:
465:U.S. government
461:
430:Nuclear testing
333:; also spelled
297:
264:
260:
211:
155:11.500; 162.333
154:
152:
148:
145:
140:
137:
135:
133:
132:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
105:
101:
80:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:Enewetak Atoll
4480:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4462:
4456:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4102:
4095:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3986:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3969:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3868:Bokak (Taongi)
3865:
3863:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3835:Climate change
3832:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744: articles
3740:
3738:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3644:
3643:External links
3641:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3597:
3586:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3558:, p. 136.
3548:
3523:
3498:
3476:
3452:
3450:, p. 236.
3440:
3438:, p. 295.
3428:
3426:, p. 591.
3416:
3414:, p. 392.
3404:
3402:, p. 267.
3392:
3390:, p. 431.
3380:
3368:
3366:, p. 410.
3353:
3341:
3339:, p. 544.
3329:
3327:, p. 623.
3317:
3305:
3303:, p. 186.
3293:
3291:, p. 135.
3281:
3279:, p. 326.
3269:
3254:
3247:
3229:
3227:, p. 325.
3214:
3184:
3164:
3145:
3132:
3123:
3097:
3063:
3034:
3011:
2992:
2979:
2966:
2959:
2936:
2897:
2870:
2858:Pacific Wrecks
2845:
2815:
2802:
2774:Health Physics
2757:
2733:
2716:
2701:
2683:
2653:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2603:(2): 97–105 .
2583:
2576:
2557:
2520:
2513:
2495:
2488:
2470:
2452:
2423:
2405:
2376:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2324:
2317:
2287:
2274:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2228:
2225:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2155:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:Eniwetok Atoll
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:Eniwetok Atoll
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:Eniwetok Atoll
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:Eniwetok Atoll
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:Eniwetok Atoll
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:Eniwetok Atoll
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:Eniwetok Atoll
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:Eniwetok Atoll
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:Eniwetok Atoll
1868:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:Eniwetok Atoll
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:Eniwetok Atoll
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:Eniwetok Atoll
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:Eniwetok Atoll
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1786:Eniwetok Atoll
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:Eniwetok Atoll
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:Eniwetok Atoll
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:Eniwetok Atoll
1728:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:Eniwetok Atoll
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:Elugelab Islet
1409:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1201:16.1 megatons
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:18 August 1958
1188:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1117:10.9 megatons
1115:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
956:
950:
940:
917:
914:
910:
909:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
837:
834:
818:
815:
789:
786:
733:
730:
657:
654:
555:
552:
522:
519:
484:
481:
460:
457:
424:, then became
335:Eniwetok Atoll
257:Enewetak Atoll
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
205:
202:
201:
200:Administration
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
103:
102:
95:
94:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
74:
66:
65:
52:formed by the
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4525:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4414:NRHP listings
4411:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:John Marshall
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3736:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:from the
3655:
3642:
3636:
3634:0-88184-370-9
3630:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3576:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3499:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3351:, p. 35.
3350:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3248:9780764307577
3244:
3240:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:Louka, Elli.
3136:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3087:on 2014-08-06
3083:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2917:(10): 24–29.
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2871:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2834:
2830:
2829:Distillations
2826:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2780:(1): 258–64.
2779:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2442:on 2013-05-24
2441:
2437:
2436:www.utaot.com
2433:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2238:J. G. Ballard
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:Midway Island
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2196:Western Range
2193:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2142:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:0.02 kt
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:2000 kt
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1845:1.45 kt
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:11.6 kt
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:1370 kt
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:Eberiru Islet
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:15.2 kt
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1578:1.49 kt
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:13.7 kt
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:14.9 kt
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:0.19 kt
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1469:1.69 Mt
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:10.4 Mt
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:Operation Ivy
1379:
1373:45.5 kt
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:Eberiru Islet
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:104 kilotons
1060:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1043:14 April 1948
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1004:
999:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
944:
941:
938:
934:
931:
930:
929:
926:
923:
915:
913:
907:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
847:Men from the
843:
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
816:
814:
812:
807:
804:
800:
795:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
731:
726:
721:
717:
715:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:Operation Ivy
682:
678:
677:hydrogen bomb
673:
671:
667:
663:
655:
653:
651:
647:
646:war criminals
644:
640:
639:John C. Woods
635:
632:
628:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
551:
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
520:
518:
516:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
482:
480:
478:
474:
473:pronunciation
470:
466:
458:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:United States
414:
412:
408:
407:circumference
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Pacific Ocean
384:
381:) is a large
376:
372:
368:
363:
358:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:or sometimes
336:
330:
258:
250:
242:
234:
231:
229:Ethnic groups
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
209:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
176:Total islands
174:
171:
168:
164:
159:
131:
127:
124:North Pacific
123:
119:
114:
92:
83:
78:
72:
67:
62:
61:Castle Nectar
58:
55:
51:
47:
44:
39:
34:
19:
4458:
4452:
4422:Debrum House
4308:Demographics
4143:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4115:Ailinglaplap
4113:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4034:
3992:
3991:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3889:
3877:
3646:
3623:
3602:
3591:
3579:. Retrieved
3573:
3565:Bibliography
3556:Ballard 1964
3551:
3541:16 September
3539:. Retrieved
3533:
3526:
3516:16 September
3514:. Retrieved
3508:
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3479:
3468:. Retrieved
3464:
3455:
3448:Roberts 2000
3443:
3436:Roberts 2000
3431:
3424:Roberts 2000
3419:
3412:Roberts 2000
3407:
3400:Roberts 2000
3395:
3388:Roberts 2000
3383:
3376:Roberts 2000
3371:
3364:Roberts 2000
3349:Roberts 2000
3344:
3337:Roberts 2000
3332:
3325:Roberts 2000
3320:
3313:Roberts 2000
3308:
3301:Roberts 2000
3296:
3289:Roberts 2000
3284:
3272:
3263:
3257:
3238:
3232:
3207:
3187:
3167:
3158:
3148:
3140:
3135:
3126:
3116:November 27,
3114:. Retrieved
3110:
3100:
3089:. Retrieved
3082:the original
3024:
3014:
3005:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2974:
2969:
2949:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2883:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2828:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2794:. Retrieved
2790:the original
2777:
2773:
2760:
2749:. Retrieved
2736:
2710:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2631:
2626:, p. 3.
2619:
2600:
2597:Oceanography
2596:
2586:
2567:
2560:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2479:
2473:
2463:
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:the original
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2400:the original
2388:
2379:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:
2327:
2302:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2263:
2253:
2189:
2157:
1957:202 kt
1943:255 kt
1915:397 kt
1901:5.2 kt
1887:8.9 Mt
1873:880 kt
1775:330 kt
1761:5.9 kt
1691:1.7 kt
1652:250 kt
1638:1.9 Mt
1620:360 kt
1603:Rujoru Islet
1592:1.7 kt
1430:500 kt
1370:Enjebi Islet
1359:225 kt
1342:Enjebi Islet
1261:Enjebi Islet
1186:5 April 1958
1178:
1163:21 July 1956
1150:
1145:48 megatons
1122:
1094:
1074:7 April 1951
1066:
1035:
1030:Total Yield
1027:Yield Range
927:
919:
911:
865:
858:
846:
820:
791:
771:
759:
747:Runit Island
735:
674:
659:
636:
615:
588:
557:
543:
537:Los Jardines
536:
530:
527:
524:
509:
486:
462:
454:
446:Runit Island
422:World War II
415:
411:Bikini Atoll
371:Brown Island
370:
366:
338:
334:
256:
255:
216:Demographics
206:
57:nuclear test
4498:Ralik Chain
4206:LGBT rights
4201:Legislature
3983:Ralik Chain
3860:Ratak Chain
3491:11 February
2838:January 14,
2221:Wake Island
2211:supporting
1859:11 kt
1817:15 kt
1789:57 kt
1719:81 kt
1705:18 kt
1702:Runit Islet
1589:Runit Islet
1575:Aomon Islet
1561:Runit Islet
1547:Bogon Islet
1533:Runit Islet
1519:Aomon Islet
1508:40 kt
1505:Runit Islet
1427:Runit Islet
1345:47 kt
1331:81 kt
1328:Runit Islet
1292:18 kt
1289:Runit Islet
1278:49 kt
1275:Aomon Islet
1264:37 kt
1135:13 May 1954
1130:13 May 1954
1048:14 May 1948
1018:Start Date
697:Einsteinium
469:place names
450:radioactive
448:to deposit
391:Ralik Chain
383:coral atoll
367:Brown Atoll
343:Marshallese
233:Marshallese
166:Archipelago
153: /
129:Coordinates
75:Map of the
4482:Categories
4049:Ailinginae
4043:Ruwitūntūn
4024:Wōdejebato
3581:2015-01-22
3470:2024-07-29
3091:2014-01-21
2796:2024-07-29
2751:2024-07-29
2636:Hezel 1994
2624:Hezel 1994
2593:"Ivy-Mike"
2577:0875900682
2514:0813723884
2489:0520083237
2446:2013-04-14
2385:"Eniwetok"
2370:2023-01-19
2340:References
2318:0824811445
2156:Test shot
1985:0 kt
1929:0 kt
1831:8 kt
1766:Yellowwood
1747:9 kt
1564:8 kt
1180:Hardtack I
1158:4 May 1956
1079:4 May 1951
1068:Greenhouse
961:operating
945:operating
935:operating
873:operating
725:Runit Dome
675:The first
629:. US Navy
501:subsidence
493:Cretaceous
224:296 (2021)
221:Population
4466:submarine
4432:Roi-Namur
4363:Jaluit HS
4347:Education
4272:Transport
4221:President
4186:Elections
4076:Kwajalein
3845:Seamounts
3813:Geography
3465:StratoCat
2973:Johnson,
2931:0096-3402
2890:9 January
2863:9 January
2672:(2): 84.
2178:spearhead
1710:Butternut
1668:Test shot
1555:Blackfoot
1485:Test shot
1446:Test shot
1389:Test shot
1308:Test shot
1237:Test shot
1037:Sandstone
1021:End Date
817:Education
799:principal
763:potassium
637:In 1950,
607:Manchukuo
550:in 1885.
515:elevation
483:Geography
459:Etymology
399:land area
397:. With a
357:Āne-wātak
339:Eniewetok
116:Geography
46:satellite
43:Landsat 8
4373:Laura HS
4333:Religion
4318:Language
4211:Military
4164:Politics
4036:Rongelap
4030:Rongerik
3993:Enewetak
3933:Maloelap
3196:Archived
3176:Archived
3055:Archived
3029:Archived
2977:, p. 24.
2285:, p. 25.
2170:Elugelab
2166:megatons
1920:Scaevola
1822:Umbrella
1780:Magnolia
1674:Location
1633:Ivy Mike
1569:Kickapoo
1541:Seminole
1499:Lacrosse
1491:Location
1452:Location
1395:Location
1314:Location
1243:Location
1057:kilotons
1055:18 - 49
767:causeway
710:rockoons
689:Elugelab
681:Ivy Mike
595:Gilberts
489:seamount
442:Cold War
375:Japanese
347:Ānewetak
141:162°20′E
121:Location
104:Enewetak
54:Ivy Mike
31:Enewetak
4468:feature
4459:Italics
4291:Culture
4277:Exports
4255:Economy
4138:Namdrik
4083:Lemkein
4013:Ujelang
4007:Lomilik
3973:Limalok
3840:Islands
3830:Climate
3751:History
3706:YouTube
3671:at the
2540:Bibcode
2531:Geology
2176:is the
2006:Gallery
1934:Pisonia
1906:Dogwood
1892:Sequoia
1794:Tobacco
1218:
1212:
1209:
1152:Redwing
1015:Series
1005:Summary
969:VP-MS-6
963:PBY-5As
947:PBM-3Ds
937:PB2Y-3s
899:VPB-121
875:PB4Y-1s
693:Fermium
631:Seabees
566:by the
544:Walpole
521:History
505:erosion
475:by the
432:by the
393:of the
138:11°30′N
4303:Anthem
4122:Jaluit
4018:Bikini
3947:Majuro
3927:Erikub
3914:Likiep
3879:Utirik
3631:
3610:
3245:
2957:
2929:
2678:207706
2676:
2574:
2511:
2486:
2390:Lexico
2315:
2295:Cesium
2158:Nectar
1976:Quince
1850:Linden
1836:Walnut
1696:Cactus
1677:Yield
1635:crater
1625:Apache
1611:Mohawk
1494:Yield
1460:Nectar
1455:Yield
1398:Yield
1350:George
1317:Yield
1246:Yield
1124:Castle
1024:Count
993:VPB-22
987:VPB-19
981:VP-202
975:VP-102
893:VB-116
887:VB-109
881:VB-108
871:VB-102
830:Majuro
751:Cactus
497:basalt
403:lagoon
379:ブラウン環礁
50:crater
18:Engebi
4323:Music
4107:Jabat
4055:Wotho
4000:Lo-En
3921:Wotje
3900:Ailuk
3892:Mejit
3873:Bikar
3085:(PDF)
3078:(PDF)
3052:2010.
2770:(PDF)
2745:(PDF)
2674:JSTOR
2245:Notes
2236:" by
2200:SOSUS
2174:Bogon
2097:Bogon
1948:Olive
1864:Elder
1752:Holly
1738:Wahoo
1682:Yucca
1643:Huron
1631:near
1583:Osage
1283:Zebra
1251:X-Ray
959:VP-23
953:VP-21
943:VP-16
933:VP-13
906:PV-2s
620:with
541:sloop
354:, or
170:Ralik
4453:Bold
4394:USAF
4338:Seal
4313:Flag
4145:Ebon
4130:Kili
4099:Namu
4062:Ujae
3961:Mili
3954:Arno
3907:Jemo
3885:Toke
3629:ISBN
3608:ISBN
3543:2020
3518:2020
3493:2020
3243:ISBN
3118:2017
2955:ISBN
2927:ISSN
2892:2020
2865:2020
2840:2020
2572:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2219:and
1962:Pine
1808:Rose
1671:Date
1597:Inca
1527:Erie
1513:Yuma
1488:Date
1449:Date
1420:King
1404:Mike
1392:Date
1364:Item
1336:Easy
1311:Date
1269:Yoke
1240:Date
920:The
695:and
643:Nazi
591:Truk
512:mean
463:The
184:Area
4091:Lib
4069:Lae
3940:Aur
3704:on
3209:sic
3202:."
3111:ABC
3025:QNS
2919:doi
2782:doi
2605:doi
2548:doi
2160:of
1990:Fig
1878:Oak
1724:Koa
1322:Dog
1256:GMT
1215:43
1195:22
1167:11
1096:Ivy
828:on
479:).
438:TNT
428:.
369:or
4484::
3463:.
3356:^
3217:^
3157:.
3109:.
3066:^
3037:^
3027:.
3023:.
3004:.
2939:^
2925:.
2915:36
2913:.
2909:.
2882:.
2856:.
2831:.
2827:.
2778:73
2776:.
2772:.
2719:^
2694:.
2670:10
2668:.
2601:17
2599:.
2595:.
2546:.
2536:16
2534:.
2462:,
2434:.
2416:.
2394:.
2387:.
2363:.
2347:^
2311:.
2309:36
2223:.
1139:1
1111:2
1083:4
1052:3
856:.
757:.
507:.
434:US
413:.
377::
373:;
360:,
349:,
345::
341:;
323:ɔː
317:iː
290:ɔː
275:iː
179:40
4396:)
4392:(
4085:)
4081:(
4045:)
4041:(
4026:)
4022:(
4009:)
4005:(
4002:)
3998:(
3975:)
3971:(
3734:e
3727:t
3720:v
3637:.
3616:.
3584:.
3545:.
3520:.
3495:.
3473:.
3251:.
3191:"
3171:"
3161:.
3120:.
3094:.
3008:.
2963:.
2933:.
2921::
2894:.
2867:.
2842:.
2799:.
2784::
2754:.
2698:.
2680:.
2613:.
2607::
2580:.
2554:.
2550::
2542::
2517:.
2492:.
2449:.
2420:.
2373:.
2321:.
1258:)
844:.
329:/
326:k
320:t
314:w
311:ˈ
308:ɪ
305:n
302:ɛ
299:ˌ
296:,
293:k
287:t
284:ˌ
281:ə
278:w
272:n
269:ˈ
266:ɛ
263:/
259:(
20:)
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