749:, described the book as for the interested lay reader, and called it "a paean to recent advances in developmental genetics, and what they may tell us about the evolutionary process." For him, the centrepiece was "the unexpected discovery that the genes that control the body plans of all bilateral animals, including worms, insects, frogs and humans, are largely identical. These are the 'homeobox' (Hox) genes". He called Carroll a leader in the field and an "adept communicator", but admits to "feeling uncomfortable" when Carroll sets out his personal vision of the field "without admitting that large parts of that vision remain controversial." Coyne pointed out that the idea that the "'regulatory gene' is the locus of evolution" dates back to
431:
736:"a beautiful and very important book." He summarized the message of the book with the words "As Darwin's theory made clear, these multitudinous forms developed as a result of small changes in offspring and natural selection of those that were better adapted to their environment. Such variation is brought about by alterations in genes that control how cells in the developing embryo behave. Thus one cannot understand evolution without understanding its fundamental relation to development of the embryo." Wolpert noted that Carroll intended to explain evo-devo, and "has brilliantly achieved what he set out to do."
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for humans and mice. Thus we can't exclude protein-sequence evolution as an important reason why we lack whiskers and tails." He also noted that nearly half of human protein-coding genes do not have homologues in fruit flies, so one could argue the opposite of
Carroll's thesis and claim that "evolution of form is very much a matter of teaching old genes to make new genes."
189:
31:
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and colleagues around 1970, but was still weakly supported by observation or experiment. He granted that chimps and humans are almost 99% identical at DNA level, but points out that "humans and chimps have different amino-acid sequences in at least 55% of their proteins, a figure that rises to 95%
834:)?" asks Erwin. He answered his own question about the "astonishing morphological diversity" of animals coming from "such a limited number of genes", praising Carroll's "insightful and enthusiastic" style, writing in a "witty and engaging" way, pulling the reader into the complexities of
281:
of evolution and genetics, too, largely ignored embryonic development to explain the form of organisms, since population genetics appeared to be an adequate explanation of how forms evolved. That task was finally undertaken at the end of the 20th century with the arrival of
626:, starting with how Darwin evolved the final paragraph of his book, leaving only these four words "completely untouched throughout all versions and editions". He shows that evo-devo is a cornerstone of a synthesis of evolution, genetics, and embryology, replacing the "
824:, noted that life forms from fruit flies to humans have far fewer genes than many biologists expected – human beings have only some 20,000. "How could humans, in all our diversity of cell types and complexity of
162:
may be given at a different time in development, in a different part of the embryo, creating a different effect on the adult body. In
Carroll's view, this explains how so many body forms are created with so few
277:: "endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved." Darwin, however, was unable to explain how those body forms actually came into being. The early 20th-century
418:
The chapter describes how genes are switched on and off in a precisely choreographed time sequence and 3-dimensional pattern in the developing embryo and how the logic can be modified by
1024:
128:
in animals (though no doubt similar processes occur in other organisms) proceeds mostly by modifying the way that regulatory genes, which do not code for structural
790:, called it an "essential book" and its author "both a distinguished scientist ... and one of our great science writers." The journalist Dick Pountain, writing in
158:
that exist today. These genes are used and reused, occasionally by duplication but far more often by being applied unchanged to new functions. Thus the same
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genes which
Carroll nicknames the toolkit. Almost identical sequences can be found across the animal kingdom, meaning that toolkit genes such as
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is made of many similar modules (body segments with pairs of appendages). These could be made by repeated use of the same
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gene there, until then known in limb development. Evidently, a genetic switch could be reused for different purposes.
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gene expression shaped the bodies of different types of arthropods and different types of vertebrates.
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technology, when biologists were able to start to explore how development was actually controlled.
107:
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151:
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550:, Carroll shows how butterfly wing patterns evolved, including his discovery of the role of the
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The book has been praised by critics, and called the most important popular science book since
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Pountain, Dick (November 2016). "Nature's 3D printer exposes Pokémon Go as a hollow replica".
745:
708:"Kipling would be riveted": the book explains how animals actually acquired the features that
684:
445:
203:
103:
Endless Forms Most
Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo and the Making of the Animal Kingdom
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1339:
app to evolve three-dimensional shapes according to the principles laid out in the book
1073:
892:
778:
260:
237:
219:
1268:"The Serengeti Rules by Sean B Carroll review – a visionary book about how life works"
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240:. He has won the Shaw Scientist Award and the Stephen Jay Gould Prize for his work.
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Carroll argues that many animals have a modular design with repeated parts, as in
651:, and with line drawings by Jamie W. Carroll, Josh P. Klaiss and Leanne M. Olds.
610:
for the differences. Most of the changes are in genetic control, not in proteins.
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773:'s attention in his children's stories. The review praised Carroll for tackling
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study how bodies develop, and the abnormalities when things go wrong, such as
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232:
846:, as well as celebrating the Cambrian explosion of life forms and much else.
584:, all examples of the control of pattern in animals, down to molecular level.
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140:. In turn, these regulatory genes turn out to be based on a very old set of
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called the grandeur of life, suggesting that "Kipling would be riveted."
413:
5. The Dark Matter of the Genome: Operating
Instructions for the Tool Kit
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Erwin, Douglas J. (2007). "Book Review: Endless Forms Most
Beautiful".
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changes from the simple appendages of their trilobite-like ancestors.
346:
variants when one body part is changed into another (for instance, a
133:
516:
This chapter explains how evolution goes to work within a lineage,
842:
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569:
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from all being alike to "all of the different implements a humble
444:
429:
293:
187:
1710:
769:, explaining the "spots, stripes, and bumps" that had attracted
603:
1346:
406:
is controlled and describes his own discoveries (back in 1994).
382:, showing that the environment and genetic switches together
1329:
1207:
10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0898:tnjss]2.0.co;2
511:
466:
Part II Fossils, Genes, and the Making of Animal
Diversity
121:. It has won numerous awards for science communication.
1112:"Resynthesizing evolutionary and developmental biology"
397:
4. Making Babies: 25,000 Genes, Some
Assembly Required
985:
Laboratory of Cell and
Molecular Biology at UW-Madison
314:
1. Animal Architecture: Modern Forms, Ancient Designs
643:
The book is illustrated with photographs, such as of
323:
with repeated segments, or the repeated fingers of a
602:
This chapter discusses how humans differ from other
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124:The book's somewhat controversial argument is that
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73:
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47:
37:
1110:Gilbert, S. F.; Opitz, J. M.; Raff, R. A. (1996).
800:was the most important popular science book since
259:The book's title quotes from the last sentence of
1330:Cornell University's Creative Machines Laboratory
113:. It presents a summary of the emerging field of
679:Banta Prize, Wisconsin Library Association, 2006
498:. Carroll explains how shifting the pattern of
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
665:magazine's Top Science Books of the Year, 2005
524:carries", with (he writes) more gizmos than a
1358:
1183:
1181:
449:This fruit fly embryo is stained to show the
52:Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)
8:
784:The science writer Peter Forbes, writing in
21:
718:, such as "How the Elephant got his Trunk".
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1365:
1351:
1343:
934:
932:
478:saw an explosion in the variety of animal
29:
20:
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1127:
1082:. Cornell University Press. p. 503.
920:
622:Carroll concludes by revisiting Darwin's
437:limbs are highly specialised, adapted by
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883:
881:
879:
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875:
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334:2. Monsters, Mutants, and Master Genes
1855:Index of evolutionary biology articles
777:and covering the key concepts of what
1007:"How Nature Makes a Butterfly's Wing"
676:s Top Science Books of the Year, 2005
16:2005 evo-devo book by Sean B. Carroll
7:
763:noted that the book serves as a new
591:10. A Beautiful Mind: The Making of
469:6. The Big Bang of Animal Evolution
688:Book Prize (Science and Technology)
535:8. How the Butterfly Got Its Spots
374:This chapter tells the tale of the
1884:Evolutionary developmental biology
1665:Evolutionary developmental biology
1054:"SSE 2010 Stephen Jay Gould Prize"
422:to create different animal bodies.
255:Evolutionary developmental biology
115:evolutionary developmental biology
14:
1025:"Shaw Scientist Award Recipients"
961:. Howard Hughes Medical Institute
617:11. Endless Forms Most Beautiful
404:fruit fly's embryonic development
154:which created most of the animal
1622:Evolution of sexual reproduction
1889:Evolutionary biology literature
1266:Forbes, Peter (23 March 2016).
350:antenna becomes a leg with the
212:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1393:Genotype–phenotype distinction
1164:"Endless Forms Most Beautiful"
1005:Wade, Nicholas (5 July 1994).
214:. He studies the evolution of
1:
1650:Regulation of gene expression
810:, "and in effect a sequel ."
273:of all living organisms from
150:must have evolved before the
1820:Endless Forms Most Beautiful
1600:Evolution of genetic systems
1408:Gene–environment correlation
1403:Gene–environment interaction
1029:Greater Milwaukee Foundation
798:Endless Forms Most Beautiful
734:Endless Forms Most Beautiful
693:National Academy of Sciences
647:dyed to show the effects of
645:developing fruit fly embryos
518:specialising arthropod limbs
311:Part I The Making of Animals
269:, in which he described the
23:Endless Forms Most Beautiful
1799:Christiane NĂĽsslein-Volhard
1190:"The New "Just So" Stories"
857:How the Snake Lost its Legs
739:The evolutionary biologist
722:The evolutionary biologist
606:and why there are not many
1905:
1675:Hedgehog signaling pathway
1552:Developmental architecture
860:(Lewis I. Held, Jr., 2014)
630:" of 20th century biology.
252:
1852:
1502:Transgressive segregation
1306:10.1162/artl.2007.13.1.87
820:, reviewing the book for
28:
1188:Mabee, Paula M. (2005).
1079:On The Origin of Species
897:"Switching on evolution"
712:wrote about in his 1902
224:regulate gene expression
1680:Notch signaling pathway
1655:Gene regulatory network
1538:Dual inheritance theory
402:Carroll looks at how a
384:control gene expression
216:cis-regulatory elements
1874:2005 non-fiction books
1728:cis-regulatory element
1636:Control of development
1516:Non-genetic influences
1482:evolutionary landscape
1129:10.1006/dbio.1996.0032
831:Caenorhabditis elegans
796:magazine, argued that
719:
540:Echoing the titles of
462:
442:
307:
230:, using the fruit fly
196:
106:is a 2005 book by the
1879:Popular science books
1839:Nature versus nurture
1743:Cell surface receptor
1660:Evo-devo gene toolkit
1559:Developmental biology
1497:Polygenic inheritance
1423:Quantitative genetics
1116:Developmental Biology
707:
457:(named) that control
448:
439:evo-devo gene toolkit
433:
388:evo-devo gene toolkit
297:
266:The Origin of Species
253:Further information:
191:
138:embryonic development
1748:Transcription factor
1463:Genetic assimilation
1450:Genetic architecture
981:"LCMB Investigators"
807:The Blind Watchmaker
386:. He introduces the
177:The Blind Watchmaker
1844:Morphogenetic field
1761:Influential figures
1242:10.1511/2005.55.467
913:2005Natur.435.1029C
907:(7045): 1029–1030.
695:Communication Award
574:industrial melanism
108:molecular biologist
25:
1533:Genomic imprinting
1335:2018-11-14 at the
1230:American Scientist
1226:"Clever Tinkering"
1224:(September 2005).
1011:The New York Times
729:American Scientist
720:
563:9. Paint It Black
476:Cambrian radiation
463:
443:
308:
228:developing embryos
202:is a professor of
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152:Cambrian radiation
1861:
1860:
1794:Eric F. Wieschaus
1756:
1755:
1574:Pattern formation
1478:Fitness landscape
1166:. Sean B. Carroll
685:Los Angeles Times
624:Origin of Species
580:and the spots of
568:Carroll looks at
455:some of the genes
275:a common ancestor
204:molecular biology
99:
98:
84:Publication place
1896:
1804:William McGinnis
1773:Richard Lewontin
1768:C. H. Waddington
1640:
1617:Neutral networks
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1244:. Archived from
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1031:. Archived from
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955:"Our Scientists"
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922:10.1038/4351029a
889:
818:Douglas H. Erwin
675:
628:Modern synthesis
608:structural genes
526:Swiss Army knife
279:modern synthesis
222:) which help to
165:structural genes
142:highly conserved
117:and the role of
75:Publication date
33:
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1814:Sean B. Carroll
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1528:Maternal effect
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1337:Wayback Machine
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1294:Artificial Life
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1200:(10): 898–899.
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1161:Carrol, Sean B.
1159:
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1109:
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1090:
1076:(1859). "XIV".
1074:Darwin, Charles
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1038:
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822:Artificial Life
802:Richard Dawkins
775:human evolution
771:Rudyard Kipling
766:Just So Stories
715:Just So Stories
710:Rudyard Kipling
702:
691:Finalist, 2006
682:Finalist, 2005
673:
657:
641:
547:Just So Stories
542:Rudyard Kipling
459:its development
292:
284:recombinant DNA
257:
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200:Sean B. Carroll
193:Sean B. Carroll
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172:Richard Dawkins
111:Sean B. Carroll
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61:Popular science
42:Sean B. Carroll
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1270:. The Guardian
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1222:Wolpert, Lewis
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1122:(2): 357–372.
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757:The review in
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1035:on 2019-06-06
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27:
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19:
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1818:
1711:eyeless gene
1607:Evolvability
1581:Segmentation
1458:Canalisation
1428:Heterochrony
1418:Heritability
1386:Key concepts
1300:(1): 87–89.
1297:
1293:
1272:. Retrieved
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:the original
1233:
1229:
1216:
1197:
1193:
1168:. Retrieved
1119:
1115:
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1093:. Retrieved
1078:
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1037:. Retrieved
1033:the original
1028:
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990:14 September
988:. Retrieved
984:
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965:15 September
963:. Retrieved
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893:Coyne, J. A.
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787:The Guardian
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551:
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376:genetic code
364:
353:Antennapedia
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102:
101:
100:
69:W. W. Norton
22:
18:
1809:Mike Levine
1718:Distal-less
1543:Polyphenism
1523:Epigenetics
1375:development
1095:27 February
751:Roy Britten
741:Jerry Coyne
553:Distal-less
496:vertebrates
218:(pieces of
136:), control
1868:Categories
1787:Lac operon
1612:Robustness
1591:Modularity
1586:Metamerism
1492:Plasticity
1487:Pleiotropy
1440:Heterotopy
1252:2016-10-28
1194:BioScience
1170:28 October
1039:2017-09-15
943:(265): 26.
865:References
760:BioScience
492:arthropods
480:body plans
451:expression
380:lac operon
378:, and the
325:human hand
321:trilobites
233:Drosophila
156:body plans
1738:Morphogen
1723:Engrailed
1706:Pax genes
1627:Tinkering
1473:Epistasis
1468:Dominance
1379:phenotype
732:, called
700:Reception
670:USA Today
572:stripes,
484:flatworms
420:evolution
348:fruit fly
300:trilobite
271:evolution
132:(such as
126:evolution
66:Publisher
1701:Hox gene
1689:Elements
1670:Homeobox
1333:Archived
1314:11493585
1274:15 April
1236:(5): 1.
895:(2005).
850:See also
662:Discover
582:big cats
522:crayfish
488:molluscs
435:Crayfish
363:3. From
356:mutant).
344:homeotic
290:Contents
263:'s 1859
208:genetics
130:proteins
1832:Debates
1643:Systems
1569:Eyespot
1433:Neoteny
1138:8605997
1059:YouTube
909:Bibcode
826:neurons
576:in the
482:, from
366:E. coli
249:Context
236:as the
210:at the
195:in 2008
134:enzymes
48:Subject
1733:Ligand
1413:Operon
1312:
1136:
1086:
941:PC Pro
901:Nature
793:PC Pro
746:Nature
655:Awards
184:Author
160:signal
38:Author
1310:S2CID
843:PAX-6
674:'
570:zebra
92:Pages
58:Genre
1373:The
1276:2016
1172:2016
1134:PMID
1097:2011
1084:ISBN
992:2017
967:2017
959:HHMI
840:and
813:The
604:apes
494:and
486:and
474:The
244:Book
206:and
79:2005
1377:of
1302:doi
1238:doi
1202:doi
1124:doi
1120:173
917:doi
905:435
837:Hox
804:'s
544:'s
501:Hox
490:to
453:of
226:in
174:'s
147:Hox
95:331
87:USA
1870::
1780:+
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