1643:, a Venezuelan firm that builds power plants for the government. No criminal charges have yet been filed, but the firm is being investigated for laundering money and paying bribes to the state-owned oil giant, PDVSA, using international financial institutions. Venezuelan investigative journalists and bloggers have been on Dewick's (sic) case, finding more examples of bad behavior. They claim that its contracts were overpriced and awarded without public tender, and that the firm passed off used power plants as brand new. Derwick denies all these allegations, claiming that it is being subjected to a "witch hunt." Derwick is just one firm, but the saga appears to confirm that much of what ails Venezuela's electricity sector has to do with massive government corruption. It would be simplistic to say that corruption is the only problem, however. In addition to tackling corruption, sorting out this mess for good would involve undoing the country's disastrous energy policies – privatizing electricity generation and raising prices.
76:
916:
schedule in the public offices, at least until 30 July 2010. Chávez also acknowledged that the production of the basic companies of
Guayana "went to the ground, but the worst is over". On 17 June, the Minister for Electric Power, Alí Rodríguez, declared that the electricity crisis had not ended, but that "the worst has happened." The suspension of rationing was carried out due to the recovery of the reservoirs for the rains and not to interrupt the transmission of the
737:
start from the Guri. Before the crisis, the transmission lines were transmitting 1,000 MW over their capacity during the peak hours. The high temperatures
Venezuela experiences between April and May also influence the saturation of these lines. The company Enelven, responsible for the affected areas, has not reported on the causes of this energy slump. For its part, the National Management Center has reported that Cadafe-Occidente overloads transmission lines daily.
819:
was implemented for users who consume more than 500 kWh per month, who have been identified as "high consumers" by the government. In addition, industries were ordered to reduce by 20% its electricity consumption, with a penalty of temporary interruption of the service in case they did not reach the goal. According to the director of the
Chamber of Commerce of Caracas, this last measure was an attempt by the government to "blame the companies for the crisis".
779:
1522:, formed by a number of well connected young businessmen with scant experience in the power business, received about $ 1.8 billion in contracts from Venezuelan state companies to buy and install turbines, paying a U.S. company about $ 1 billion to do the work. Derwick officials said they paid no bribes to any Venezuelan officials and the prices charged by the company reflected the high costs of doing business in Venezuela.
630:
517:
703:
months before, for the start of the crisis the work was 21 months behind. Subsequently, on 27 March, a unit was stopped for maintenance. By the beginning of April 2010, Planta Centro operates only with a unit of 400 MW, which is only generating 250 MW. Electrical specialists believe that Planta Centro is unlikely to recover in the short term, claiming lack of maintenance in recent years as the main cause.
645:, some turbines in the plant could not work, and the country's electricity supply would decrease. The government foresaw that if nothing were done, this level would be reached in May 2010, so it began to execute a series of measures that seek to reduce electricity demand and minimize Venezuela's dependence on hydroelectric power plants. By the end of March 2010, this date had been postponed to June 2010.
886:'s basic industries in Venezuela's side of the Guiana Shield have been hit hard by the crisis, whose production had already fallen by 40% in December 2009, after the Electricity Ministry set a 300 MW consumption limit; before the crisis, SIDOR consumed 800 MW. By February 2010, SIDOR operated at only 45% of its capacity, and 30,000 tons of metal billets were imported to Brazil to meet national demand.
33:. Power cuts have continued to occur in the interior of the country, although with less frequency and duration, this time driven by failures in other parts of the system. The situation of "electrical emergency" decreed by the government on 21 December 2009 was suspended on 30 November 2010; however, on 14 May 2011, after the country experienced two national blackouts, the government of
724:
Venezuelan government did not make the necessary investments to increase power generation capacity at the same rate as the increase in demand. On the other hand, the government has accused sectors of the population of "wasting" electricity, and has highlighted the fact that
Venezuela is the country with the highest electricity consumption per capita in Latin America.
692:
621:
limitations of the national electric power transmission network and distribution systems"; he signed a decree in 2010 declaring a "State of
Emergency of the National Electric Service". Chávez had Corpoelec speed up projects, and bypassing the process of public bidding for projects, he "authorized 'contracting by direct award'," which facilitated corruption.
761:, was given projects although they had no previous experience; Derwick denies any bribes were involved. Of 40 energy projects approved between 2010 and 2014 analyzed by Transparency Venezuela, 17 are not completed as of March 2019, none are operating at capacity, and overcharging by billions of dollars was identified. In 2017, the
937:, two cities of Anzoátegui state, went almost 62 hours without electricity in a period of six days, due to faults in circuits and substations. In other parts of the country, the blackouts would be driven by faults in the transmission lines, and because several units of the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant is under maintenance.
750: In 2009, the Chávez administration declared a national electric emergency and invested $ 100 billion US dollars towards solving it. The Chávez administration "distributed million-dollar contracts without bidding that enriched high officials of his government and the works were never built", according to Univision.
679:
rate within fifteen or twenty days. However, according to Miguel Lara, former general manager of the
Interconnected Systems Operation Office, the crisis continued due to problems in the thermal generation park and transmission lines, although he recognized that it is unlikely that the Guri will collapse.
984:
Although the government has blamed the El Niño phenomenon exclusively for the crisis, several polls indicate that the majority of
Venezuelans blamed the Chávez government, accusing him of not having invested enough to offset the demand. For his part, Chávez accused the opposition of seeking political
889:
The government did not rule out paralyzing the activities of these industries completely, due to the high energy consumption that their processes require. In addition, three power plants were acquired to allow SIDOR to generate its own energy. It was expected that by the end of May 2010, the first of
756:
stated that the government awarded electrical contracts to companies with little experience in the energy sector. Billions of dollars were awarded in contracts for projects that were never completed, leading to international investigations of "high officials of the Chavez regime today persecuted for
687:
The
National Electric Corporation, the public body that manages all electricity generating companies, acknowledged that by the end of 2008, 79% of thermoelectric plants were more than 20 years old, and that 30% were unavailable due to technical problems. In addition, of the plants that were working,
911:
On 22 May, the
Venezuelan government announced the suspension of rationing on weekends and holidays, and off peak hours throughout the country. Rationing would then be maintained only on weekdays during peak hours, due to the partial recovery of the reservoirs thanks to the arrival of rains and the
827:
In the rest of
Venezuela, an electric rationing system was implemented by zones. Before Holy Week in 2010, the power supply was cut by about 3 hours at a frequency of 3 or 4 days. On average, outside of Caracas, Venezuela experienced an interruption in electrical service of between 9 and 12 hours a
818:
Initially, an electric rationing plan was implemented in Caracas, the Venezuelan capital, but it was suspended days later amid protests, which also led to the departure of then-Minister of Electric Energy Ángel Rodríguez, who was replaced by Rodríguez Araque. A new electricity service charge scheme
40:
The energy problem was widely politicized in Venezuela: in addition to the drought, the Chávez government also blamed wealthy sectors of the population of the crisis, assuring that they wasted electricity. The Venezuelan opposition responded by holding the government itself responsible, accusing it
736:
On 21 April 2010, a power cut was reported from the east to the west of the country, affecting 15 of the 24 states of Venezuela. Due to the distribution of the fault, Ciro Portillo, former vice president of Enelven, has assured that it is due to overload in one of the three transmission lines that
678:
By April 15, 2010, the Guri reservoir reached 8.79 meters above the collapse level; however, the next day its level increased by one centimeter, the first increase reported in months. On 23 April, the Minister of the Environment, Alejandro Hitcher, assured that the Guri would reach a normal growth
941:
spokespeople also hinted that there was "sabotage", claiming that they believed it was "very suspicious" that the blackouts intensified when the Guri reservoir reached its peak, others have accused the Venezuelan opposition directly, and even the United States of sabotage. However, there has also
915:
On 10 June, President Chávez ordered the suspension of rationing, although he acknowledged that if peak hours were to exceed the limit of the transmission lines, rationing could be applied in that period. In addition, the state of electrical emergency would be maintained, as well as the rationing
640:
The main power plant of the hydroelectric system is the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, with a generation capacity of 10,000 MW, but which generated only 5,000 MWh after being affected by the drought, and by the beginning of February 2010, the level of the dam had dropped nine meters below its
992:
to cut back on government employee's work hours. Maduro's administration has put rationing in place several times, and changed the country's clocks to accommodate a daytime commute. Nagel wrote in 2016, "... there are two main reasons for the crisis: excessive electricity consumption and
702:
One of the main thermoelectric plants in the country, Planta Centro, has an installed capacity of 2,000 MW, divided into five units of 400 MW each. In the last few months only two units were operational, generating about 450 MW. Although the funds to reactivate an additional unit were delivered
592:
also reported that the problems in the energy sector resulted from corruption and "lack of maintenance and investment". A report from Transparency Venezuela said that maintenance was abandoned for twenty years beginning in 1998. The aging infrastructure made the problems worse, and critics were
24:
was a prolonged drought that caused the water in the reservoir of the Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant to reach very low levels. Although various measures were taken to overcome the crisis, one of the most controversial was the implementation of a program of electrical rationing throughout the
706:
Other plants presented similar situations: the Pedro Camejo plant produced 50% of its capacity "for reasons of fuel and associated transmission"; and the Josefa Camejo plant operated at 33% of its capacity. Additionally, operating plants have reduced their generation since the beginning of the
765:
investigated the $ 100 billion dollars invested in the electrical system and determined that over $ 80 billion was embezzled, that more than 14 thermoelectric stations were not functioning, and that neither the electrical transmission nor the distribution system had adequate maintenance.
620:
by nationalizing the electric sector and expelling private industry in 2007; hence, the state has been solely responsible for energy supply for over ten years. Univision says Chávez "admitted failures (...) such as the 'insufficient' availability of the thermoelectric generation plant and the
727:
According to figures from the Office of Operation of Interconnected Systems, the Chávez government completed less than half of the investments in thermoelectric energy generation planned in 2005. Alí Rodríguez has denied that the government has not made the necessary investments, although he
723:
Even before the 2009-2010 drought, there was already a disparity between the increase in supply and demand for electricity in Venezuela; the latter had been increasing at a rate of 7% per year since 2005. This deficit has been criticized by the opposition, alleging that in previous years the
831:
However, the results were not as expected; between January and February, a reduction in demand of 3% was experienced, while the goal set by President Chávez was 20%. After Easter, the frequency and duration of electricity supply cuts would increase in all of Venezuela except in Caracas: The
558:
Venezuela, the main oil exporter in South America, suffered from a long drought that significantly reduced the volume of water in the dams of hydroelectric plants. For 2009, 73% of the electric energy consumed by Venezuelans depended on these plants. Additionally, the country's electricity
809:
President Chávez set a goal of installing 6,000 MW in 2010 through thermoelectric plants, an increase in the electricity supply greater than what has been installed during his then-eleven years in office. In addition, the estimated cost of the plan was of more than US$ 5,000 million.
898:
In 2011, due to the crisis and electricity deficit, electrical energy began to be imported from Colombia. The transfer is made through Cuestecitas-Cuatricentenario, through the exclusive commercial representative Isagen. Electric exports to Venezuela are also made from
675:, accused the Venezuelan opposition of causing fear in the population by talking about a "collapse." Operating below this level is dangerous because steam could enter the turbines, a phenomenon known as cavitation, that can cause mechanical damage to them.
835:
The Venezuelan government ruled out interrupting the electricity supply in Caracas, even if the Guri reservoir reaches the emergency level. In this case, rationing would be accentuated in the Venezuelan territory corresponding the
968:
contraction of 3.3% in 2009, leading the energy crisis to prolong the recession in 2010. Additionally, the transfer of power generation from hydroelectric to thermoelectric increased domestic consumption of petroleum products and
1394:
41:
of not having made the necessary investments to keep pace with the country's electricity consumption growth, as well as having neglected the electricity infrastructure, which was completely nationalized a few years before.
993:
insufficient production. And the root of both of these problems is bad governance: populism, poor planning, inflexible ideology, and overwhelming corruption." In 2017, there were more than 18,000 power outages nationwide.
1995:
2582:
655:
on 31 January 2010, by ensuring that if the companies did not reduce their electricity consumption "70% of the country would be left without electric service". On 9 March, Chávez was more emphatic about it, declaring:
45:
5223:
196:
660:
The Guri is 13 meters away from what they call the collapse level. If these parameters were reached, the Guri plants would have to be turned off, which generate electricity for half of Venezuela. That is the
1260:
4687:
5054:
4812:
1368:
2350:
6043:
5208:
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105:
48:(ECLAC), the electricity crisis was one of the factors that contributed to the economic crisis that Venezuela experienced since 2009, which in turn is credited with giving way to the
1402:
37:
announced a temporary rationing plan and acknowledged that the electricity system continued to face "generation weaknesses" that they did not expect to surpass until end the year.
4500:
3728:
2101:
1234:
156:
100:
545:
4263:
1066:
4248:
2592:
2005:
1205:
988:
There were two major blackouts in 2013. In 2016, Venezuela had a severe electricity crisis that caused blackouts, industry shutdowns, and the decision by then-President
1716:
4225:
923:
However, despite the fact that the Guri reservoir reached its maximum level at the end of August 2010, power cuts have continued to happen. According to the newspaper
1371:[Hugo Chávez suffers a painful setback two years before the presidential elections] (in Spanish). MSN. Agence France-Presse. 27 September 2010. Archived from
2524:
4509:
166:
1268:
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1857:
360:
260:
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4149:
4112:
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4362:
4328:
3946:
2675:
2318:
1589:
319:
4270:
2553:
1893:
1123:
1069:[Chávez ordered the suspension of electricity rationing measures in Venezuela] (in Spanish). Terra. Agence France-Presse. 10 June 2010. Archived from
5172:
4872:
3809:
1788:
1372:
563:
280:
250:
4882:
2200:
4504:
1962:
161:
29:, which was ultimately officially suspended in June 2010, due to the recovery of reservoirs due to the rains, and not to interrupt the transmission of the
4708:
4194:
4054:
3953:
5912:
2874:
5850:
5514:
4061:
3537:
1926:
582:; as of 2019, 70–80% of Venezuela's power comes from Guri. Venezuela has a history of electrical blackouts dating at least to 2010; Juan Nagel wrote in
2707:
2285:
5146:
4756:
4514:
3904:
2233:
1502:
1338:
275:
4135:
3988:
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1826:
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3925:
3918:
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429:
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419:
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4392:
4292:
2771:
2407:
5880:
4534:
3911:
3164:
3085:
538:
4834:
4098:
4002:
3967:
3662:
3157:
2614:
385:
375:
370:
353:
6118:
5885:
5099:
4728:
4585:
3824:
1503:"Venezuela Blackout Plunges Millions Into Darkness; Maduro, without evidence, blames sabotage by local opponents and the U.S. for power outage"
329:
309:
53:
3779:
3692:
2472:
1316:
181:
5218:
4887:
4782:
4639:
4613:
3441:
3433:
339:
324:
304:
240:
559:
consumption has been increasing by 6% per year, a percentage that exceeds the growth rate in the electrical supply that has been installed.
6028:
1179:
844:
zone. The Venezuelan opposition criticized the idea of applying rationing to the rest of Venezuela except the capital as "discriminatory".
5840:
4824:
4649:
4127:
3396:
1656:
851:
ordered greater rationing, this time without prior notice and at night. Blackouts due to this cause have been reported in the states of
4156:
5986:
5890:
4819:
4618:
4590:
4382:
531:
4733:
4355:
4285:
4091:
3743:
3610:
3360:
2261:"Entrevista de Juan Guaidó con la BBC: "Ninguno de los organismos de seguridad que el gobierno controla se ha atrevido a apresarme""
171:
5182:
3530:
6058:
5233:
5203:
4996:
4539:
3142:
2736:
2166:
2061:
1464:
1088:
483:
285:
2132:
1070:
5938:
5897:
5822:
5322:
4495:
3932:
3706:
3193:
1290:
594:
235:
3897:
903:
through the San Mateo-Corozo circuit, with which Isagen has a connection contract through which 27.52 GWh have been exported.
5860:
5074:
4920:
4554:
4397:
4387:
4120:
4084:
3995:
2867:
1867:
1726:
270:
255:
5630:
5489:
4256:
974:
2803:
973:, causing a drop in Venezuelan exports, that had already experienced a 17% drop in 2009. The Minister of Energy and Mines,
52:. Furthermore, this crisis also influenced the notable increase in votes that the Venezuelan opposition experienced in the
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6003:
5966:
4877:
4321:
3960:
3831:
3772:
3625:
1689:
900:
762:
3493:
6128:
6113:
4348:
4023:
3867:
3860:
3817:
3765:
3699:
3297:
1798:
952:
588:
in 2016 that the problems resulted from "massive government corruption and the country’s disastrous energy policies".
5605:
5464:
2210:
5951:
5352:
4961:
4902:
4792:
4490:
4460:
4179:
4171:
3845:
3838:
3758:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3647:
3046:
2650:
2493:
946:
There is inefficiency too, many of us are learning to govern ... It takes at least 20 years for us to learn to govern.
458:
186:
151:
5870:
5347:
5312:
2685:
5665:
5327:
5177:
5069:
4797:
4163:
3874:
3552:
3315:
2528:
2293:
2027:
1936:
1903:
672:
488:
334:
314:
6038:
5902:
5765:
5554:
5484:
5332:
5240:
4981:
4946:
4519:
4450:
4278:
4202:
3974:
3457:
3449:
2860:
1007:
1002:
925:
711:
had to shut down a unit of 377 MW in April, and plant Ramon Laguna stopped two machines that generated 253 MW in
139:
134:
124:
5700:
5600:
1972:
5357:
5228:
5213:
5187:
5089:
5031:
4844:
4829:
4670:
3939:
3602:
3574:
3411:
2477:
2446:
579:
468:
395:
390:
380:
365:
5760:
5449:
5429:
5011:
5006:
1623:
5740:
5705:
5640:
5084:
5026:
4634:
4455:
4440:
4314:
4232:
3736:
3639:
3240:
1433:
752:
601:
493:
3404:
3186:
1834:
1346:
6123:
5907:
5296:
5016:
4892:
4751:
4524:
4307:
4009:
3255:
3248:
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2902:
2712:
2680:
2645:
2498:
2205:
2032:
1931:
1898:
1862:
1793:
1721:
965:
832:
Venezuelan inside the country experienced daily cuts of four hours, that is, more than 20 hours per week.
649:
642:
176:
5755:
5524:
6063:
5922:
4787:
4479:
4430:
4239:
3632:
3486:
3149:
3131:
3058:
3037:
2741:
2587:
2355:
2106:
2066:
2000:
1012:
688:
many did not do so at full capacity: 3,800 MW were generated, when the installed capacity was 9,051 MW.
144:
90:
4465:
6085:
6068:
5996:
5845:
5835:
5620:
5474:
5454:
5317:
5001:
4897:
4723:
4186:
4016:
3560:
3172:
3077:
3069:
2981:
930:
478:
5991:
5162:
5141:
5079:
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4371:
4142:
3852:
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3655:
3515:
3367:
3285:
3119:
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917:
503:
67:
49:
30:
4976:
1542:
75:
6048:
5790:
5735:
5529:
5504:
5419:
5389:
5167:
5125:
4966:
4839:
4544:
3025:
2834:
1640:
1519:
758:
498:
265:
191:
5775:
5750:
5509:
5459:
5414:
5275:
571:
5720:
5710:
5685:
5645:
5404:
5399:
5384:
4915:
4682:
3111:
3094:
2995:
2321:[Venezuela cuts the light to businesses that did not reduce electricity consumption].
1664:
989:
860:
17:
2260:
5795:
5655:
5394:
4867:
4076:
3591:
3586:
3002:
2974:
2951:
2883:
1967:
1153:
521:
473:
5725:
5695:
5690:
5680:
5337:
5280:
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5064:
4986:
4713:
4703:
4529:
4036:
3886:
3721:
3567:
3523:
3422:
2923:
1592:[More than a decade of corruption and improvisation leave Venezuela in the dark].
605:
230:
5650:
5564:
2617:[Rodríguez Araque says that "the worst has happened" in the electricity crisis].
2381:
2135:[Per capita electricity consumption in Venezuela is the highest in the region].
1692:[Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant in Guri] (in Spanish). EDELCA. Archived from
5976:
5745:
5730:
5715:
5675:
5595:
5574:
5539:
5444:
5439:
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3801:
3713:
3618:
2988:
2967:
934:
708:
652:
613:
584:
201:
34:
2811:
2746:
2288:[Venezuela will invest 600 million dollars in two power plants] (in Spanish).
2174:
2071:
1472:
1096:
778:
629:
6107:
6033:
5961:
5917:
5569:
5549:
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3222:
3215:
3208:
3179:
3018:
3011:
2937:
2909:
2412:
1896:[Hitcher gives notice that in 20 days the level of Guri will be normalized].
1319:[Venezuela announces investment in energy] (in Spanish). BBC. 1 February 2010
1017:
864:
856:
837:
648:
The possibility that the Guri reservoir reached the critical level was first seen by
21:
2739:[Venezuela's fuel consumption will rise 31 percent due to electric crisis].
1428:
981:
a day to maintain the thermoelectric plants working, once they are all operational.
6008:
5956:
5780:
5615:
5424:
5120:
5021:
4907:
4580:
3793:
3544:
3345:
2916:
5785:
4951:
2527:[Chávez lifts electric rationing for weekends and holidays] (in Spanish).
1759:
757:
plundering the coffers of the Bolivarian Republic". Critics say that one company,
5670:
5660:
5579:
5534:
5059:
4991:
4777:
4047:
3504:
3103:
2960:
2930:
2410:[Opposition demands cessation of discriminatory electricity rationing].
1126:[Largest reservoir in Venezuela recovers, although rationing persists].
978:
970:
2737:"Consumo de combustible de Venezuela subirá 31 por ciento por crisis eléctrica"
1693:
1208:[Minister Alí Rodríguez Araque warned of possible electric rationing].
1206:"Ministro Alí Rodríguez Araque alertó sobre un posible racionamiento eléctrico"
890:
these plants would start generating the first 175 MW out of a total of 425 MW.
5499:
868:
612:, "Venezuela's power grid was once the envy of Latin America". Then-President
245:
2133:"Consumo per cápita de electricidad en Venezuela es el más alto de la región"
1668:
1590:"Más de una década de corrupción e improvisación dejan a Venezuela a oscuras"
593:
silenced; a union leader for state power workers was arrested in 2018 by the
5971:
5094:
4665:
2710:[Long-term recession foreseen due to electric crisis in Venezuela].
2169:[Electric downturn in 15 states due to transmission line failures].
848:
617:
589:
575:
225:
2319:"Venezuela corta la luz a los comercios que no redujeron consumo eléctrico"
841:
691:
1237:[Chávez wants to end with "waste" of electricity in the country].
1124:"Mayor embalse de Venezuela se recupera, aunque persiste el racionamiento"
1037:
5943:
4445:
2895:
2774:[Electric crisis that Venezuela suffers hits the export of oil].
2772:"Crisis eléctrica que padece Venezuela golpea la exportación de petróleo"
1067:"Chávez ordenó suspender medidas de racionamiento eléctrico en Venezuela"
938:
696:
634:
567:
95:
2525:"Chávez levanta racionamientos eléctricos de fines de semana y festivos"
2286:"Venezuela invertirá 600 millones de dólares en dos plantas generadoras"
6053:
5865:
2408:"Oposición exige cese de racionamiento discriminatorio de electricidad"
2353:[Power cuts will be extended in the interior after the break].
1929:[Embalse de Guri recovers and gains 24 centimeters in 5 days].
1263:[Chavez fights 'waste' of water and electricity in Venezuela].
26:
4340:
2615:"Rodríguez Araque dice que "lo peor ha pasado" en la crisis eléctrica"
1397:[Chávez suffers setback in Venezuela's legislative election].
1369:"Hugo Chávez sufre un revés doloroso a dos años de las presidenciales"
1235:"Chávez desea terminar con "derroche" de energía eléctrica en el país"
46:
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
4644:
2351:"Extenderán cortes de electricidad en el interior después del asueto"
852:
220:
2643:[Authorities will investigate alleged electrical sabotage].
2104:[Deterioration of Planta Centro makes recovery unfeasible].
1791:[Guri elevation in 240 meters means saving up to 2,000 Mw].
2852:
2554:"Gobierno suspende racionamiento eléctrico durante fines de semana"
2384:[Caracas will be protected from the collapse of the Guri].
2234:"Un largo apagón de 20 horas deja en la oscuridad a toda Venezuela"
5981:
2585:[Suspended electricity rationing throughout the country].
2167:"Bajón eléctrico en 15 estados por fallas en línea de transmisión"
2064:[More electric rationing will be applied without notice].
883:
872:
712:
690:
641:
optimum level. If the level of the Guri reservoir falls below 240
628:
1894:"Hitcher advierte que en 20 días el nivel de Guri se normalizará"
728:
acknowledged that there are delays in the execution of projects.
5827:
2030:[Workers question delays in the works of Plant Center].
942:
been recognition of inefficiency on the part of the government:
16:
Venezuela has experienced a marked deficit in the generation of
4344:
2856:
2556:[Government suspends power rationing during weekends].
1182:[The ghost of electric rationing overflies Venezuela].
2708:"Prevén prolongada recesión por crisis eléctrica en Venezuela"
2496:[Chávez partially suspends national "electric diet"].
2417:
2289:
2028:"Trabajadores cuestionan atraso en las obras de Planta Centro"
1180:"El fantasma del racionamiento eléctrico sobrevuela Venezuela"
1156:[Government admits power grid saturation in Oriente].
773:
1927:"Embalse de Guri se recupera y gana 24 centímetros en 5 días"
1789:"Cota del Guri en 240 metros implica ahorrar hasta 2.000 Mw"
1717:"Operating Guri Dam below the critical level is a "suicide""
1293:[Energy crisis harasses the Venezuelan government].
2475:[Isagen exports energy from Guajira to Venezuela].
2449:[Sidor will buy 30,000 tons of steel from Brazil].
1657:"Venezuela blackout: what caused it and what happens next?"
1154:"Gobierno admite saturación de redes eléctricas en Oriente"
671:
Subsequently, on 18 March, the Minister of Electric Power,
2102:"Deterioro de Planta Centro hace inviable su recuperación"
1091:[Executive is forced to drain water in the Guri].
977:, calculated that Venezuela would need 100,000 barrels of
2494:"Chávez suspende parcialmente "dieta eléctrica" nacional"
1395:"Chávez sufre revés en elección legislativa de Venezuela"
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2062:"Aplicarán más racionamiento eléctrico sin previo aviso"
1998:[Guri is 13.64 meters from its critical level].
1401:(in Spanish). Reuters. 27 September 2010. Archived from
5209:
Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions
1341:[2010, a bad year for the Venezuelan economy].
790:
719:
Disparity in the increase in demand and electric supply
2641:"Autoridades investigarán presunto sabotaje eléctrico"
1261:"Chávez combate 'derroche' de agua y luz en Venezuela"
3201:
Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks
2473:"Isagen exporta energía desde la Guajira a Venezuela"
1760:"Chavez puts Venezuela under 'electricity emergency'"
2678:[PCV blames the "empire" of the blackouts].
2194:
2192:
1887:
1885:
1543:"Why it's so hard to restart Venezuela's power grid"
6077:
6021:
5931:
5815:
5808:
5588:
5377:
5370:
5305:
5289:
5260:
5253:
5196:
5155:
5134:
5113:
5047:
4934:
4860:
4770:
4744:
4696:
4658:
4627:
4601:
4563:
4413:
4406:
4035:
3885:
3585:
3503:
3474:
3421:
3296:
3232:
3130:
3057:
3035:
2804:"Venezuela misses energy target, dams keep falling"
2583:"Suspenden racionamiento eléctrico en todo el país"
2447:"30 mil toneladas de acero comprará Sidor a Brasil"
2055:
2053:
2051:
1858:"Guri dam level rises for the first time in months"
1089:"Ejecutivo se ve obligado a drenar agua en el Guri"
907:Official suspension of rationing and new blackouts
2203:[Light failures show system saturation].
2201:"Fallas de luz demuestran saturación del sistema"
2100:Zerpa, Fabiola; Romero, Tibisay (30 March 2010).
732:Saturation of distribution and transmission lines
2837:. Center for Strategic and International Studies
2382:"Caracas estará protegida ante colapso del Guri"
1639:U.S. and Swiss authorities launched probes into
562:Most of Venezuela's power comes from one of the
1291:"Crisis energética acosa a gobierno venezolano"
944:
658:
2684:(in Spanish). 6 September 2010. Archived from
2649:(in Spanish). 6 September 2010. Archived from
1996:"Guri está a 13,64 metros de su nivel crítico"
1690:"Central Hidroeléctrica Simón Bolívar en Guri"
1345:(in Spanish). 28 December 2010. Archived from
1339:"2010, un mal año para la economía venezolana"
261:2019 shipping of humanitarian aid to Venezuela
4972:Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy
4688:Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act
4356:
4329:List of stock market crashes and bear markets
2868:
2766:
2764:
1956:
1954:
1501:Dube, Ryan and Maolis Castro (8 March 2019).
1267:(in Spanish). 1 November 2009. Archived from
1118:
1116:
1114:
1038:"El Niño conditions return to affect weather"
539:
8:
2670:
2668:
1229:
1227:
281:2023 Unitary Platform presidential primaries
2344:
2342:
2340:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
1797:(in Spanish). 22 March 2010. Archived from
1783:
1781:
1583:
1186:(in Spanish). Associated Press. 14 May 2011
879:Reduction of activities in basic industries
251:2018 re-election campaign of Nicolás Maduro
6044:International Criminal Court investigation
5913:Local Committees for Supply and Production
5812:
5374:
5257:
4410:
4363:
4349:
4341:
2875:
2861:
2853:
2591:(in Spanish). 10 June 2010. Archived from
2492:Hernández F., Alejandra M. (22 May 2010).
1829:[The false collapse of the Guri].
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1429:"Energy-Rich Venezuela Faces Power Crisis"
633:Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, on the
546:
532:
63:
4150:2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
2376:
2374:
2127:
2125:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
2676:"PCV culpa al "imperio" de los apagones"
2577:
2575:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2313:
2311:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1624:"In Venezuela, the Lights Are Going Out"
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1422:
1420:
1317:"Venezuela anuncia inversión en energía"
1147:
1145:
597:for warning that a blackout was likely.
5173:Unitary Platform presidential primaries
4873:Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro
2797:
2795:
2793:
2519:
2517:
1588:Peñaloza, Pedro Pablo (10 March 2019).
1465:"Facts about Venezuela's energy crisis"
1029:
912:inauguration of some electrical works.
564:largest hydroelectric dams in the world
66:
4471:Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro
4055:Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
3825:South American economic crisis of 2002
3722:Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
2548:
2546:
1961:Hernández, Moisés G. (29 March 2010).
1820:
1818:
1816:
1622:Nagel, Juan Cristóbal (1 April 2016).
1297:(in Spanish). Reuters. 24 October 2009
1082:
1080:
894:Import of electric power from Colombia
5055:National Assembly leadership election
4709:Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis
4466:Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar
4106:2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
4062:2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
3538:Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
2232:Vinogradoff, Ludmila (8 March 2019).
1061:
1059:
840:, eastern Venezuela, and the Central-
770:Installation of thermoelectric plants
241:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
7:
6029:Enforced disappearances in Venezuela
5828:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
4136:Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
3989:2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
3982:2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
3947:2000s U.S. housing market correction
3787:1998–2002 Argentine great depression
823:Rationing in the rest of the country
106:Economic policy under Nicolás Maduro
5841:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
4393:History of Venezuela (1999–present)
4293:2023–2024 Egyptian financial crisis
4128:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
4121:2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis
3494:1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
3397:Shanghai rubber stock market crisis
3086:Dutch Republic stock market crashes
2835:"Venezuela's man-made power outage"
2802:Parraga, Marianna (25 March 2010).
1715:Fernández, Yaneth (19 March 2010).
1152:Vargas, Andreína (31 August 2010).
4591:III National Assembly of Venezuela
4510:Interventions of political parties
4099:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
4003:2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
3975:2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
3968:2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
3663:1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
3158:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
1541:Newman, Lily Hay (12 March 2019).
1087:García, Daniela (27 August 2010).
320:2017 Constituent Assembly election
167:Interventions of political parties
14:
4734:IV National Assembly of Venezuela
4286:2023 United States banking crisis
4092:2011 Bangladesh share market scam
3780:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
3744:Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
3670:Japanese asset price bubble crash
3611:Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash
3361:Australian banking crisis of 1893
3165:Dutch Republic financial collapse
2165:García, Daniela (21 April 2010).
2060:García, Daniela (24 April 2010).
1825:Prat C., Damian (22 March 2010).
951:Perfecto Abreu, spokesman of the
182:Venezuela–Colombia migrant crisis
101:Economic policy under Hugo Chávez
6059:Political prisoners in Venezuela
5104:V National Assembly of Venezuela
4540:States of emergency in Venezuela
3143:Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
2833:Rendon, Moises (14 March 2019).
2735:García, Daniela (9 March 2010).
2349:Zerpa, Fabiola (28 March 2010).
1427:Molinski, Dan (8 January 2010).
777:
604:was owned by the United States'
515:
286:2024 Venezuelan political crisis
74:
5939:Organization of American States
5898:Bolivarian Intelligence Service
5823:Union of South American Nations
4383:Protests against Nicolás Maduro
3868:2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
3194:Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
2292:. 31 March 2010. Archived from
2199:León, Mariela (28 April 2010).
1925:León, Mariela (21 April 2010).
1892:León, Mariela (24 April 2010).
1856:León, Mariela (16 April 2010).
625:Low level of the Guri reservoir
595:Bolivarian Intelligence Service
25:country, except in the capital
5861:Agencia Venezolana de Noticias
5007:Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo
4942:Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro
4388:Venezuelan presidential crisis
4249:Chinese property sector crisis
4157:2015–2016 stock market selloff
4085:August 2011 stock markets fall
3996:2008–2011 Irish banking crisis
3693:1990s Swedish financial crisis
3442:Weimar Republic hyperinflation
2778:(in Spanish). 18 February 2010
2453:(in Spanish). 26 February 2010
2139:(in Spanish). 11 February 2010
1471:. 9 March 2010. Archived from
985:gains from the energy crisis.
256:Venezuelan presidential crisis
1:
6119:Economic history of Venezuela
6093:Bolivarian Revolution in film
5891:Constituent National Assembly
5204:Detention of Rocío San Miguel
4835:Death of Carlos Andrés García
4808:Constituent Assembly election
4322:List of sovereign debt crises
4264:2022 Russian financial crisis
3961:2008 Latvian financial crisis
3954:U.S. bear market of 2007–2009
3832:Stock market downturn of 2002
3773:1998 Russian financial crisis
3626:1983 Israel bank stock crisis
2259:Grant, Will (14 March 2019).
1241:(in Spanish). 16 October 2009
464:2017 National Assembly attack
20:. The immediate cause of the
6004:National Assembly (majority)
5017:Death of Juan Carlos Márquez
4992:Disappearance of Gilber Caro
4987:Detention of Roberto Marrero
4704:Detention of Antonio Ledezma
4024:Greek government-debt crisis
3861:2004 Argentine energy crisis
3818:2001 Turkish economic crisis
3707:1990s Armenian energy crisis
3700:1990s Finnish banking crisis
3561:1976 British currency crisis
3531:1973–1974 stock market crash
2745:(in Spanish). Archived from
2716:(in Spanish). 6 January 2010
2209:(in Spanish). Archived from
2173:(in Spanish). Archived from
2070:(in Spanish). Archived from
2004:(in Spanish). Archived from
1971:(in Spanish). Archived from
1935:(in Spanish). Archived from
1902:(in Spanish). Archived from
1833:(in Spanish). Archived from
1655:Jones, Sam (13 March 2019).
1130:(in Spanish). 30 August 2010
1095:(in Spanish). Archived from
953:Communist Party of Venezuela
54:2010 parliamentary elections
5952:Democratic Unity Roundtable
5881:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
5851:People's Electoral Movement
4903:Detention of Juan Requesens
4793:Caracas helicopter incident
4683:Detention of Leopoldo López
4571:Colombian diplomatic crisis
4520:Refugee crisis and diaspora
4180:2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
3846:2003 Myanmar banking crisis
3839:2002 Uruguay banking crisis
3759:1997 Asian financial crisis
3686:1991 Indian economic crisis
3678:Rhode Island banking crisis
3648:Cameroonian economic crisis
3434:Early Soviet hyperinflation
3047:Crisis of the Third Century
2388:(in Spanish). 17 March 2010
2325:(in Spanish). 20 March 2010
1827:"El falso colapso del Guri"
1212:(in Spanish). 13 March 2011
459:Caracas helicopter incident
330:2020 parliamentary election
310:2015 parliamentary election
50:ongoing crisis in Venezuela
6145:
5886:National Electoral Council
4757:Recall referendum movement
4211:Sri Lankan economic crisis
4069:Energy crisis in Venezuela
4048:2009 Dubai debt standstill
3898:2007–2008 financial crisis
3553:Latin American debt crisis
3316:Paris Bourse crash of 1882
2621:(in Spanish). 17 June 2010
2036:(in Spanish). 1 March 2010
1994:Díaz, Ana (9 March 2010).
489:2020 Barquisimeto shooting
340:2024 presidential election
325:2018 presidential election
305:2013 presidential election
60:Causes and characteristics
6039:Human rights in Venezuela
5903:Bolivarian National Guard
5147:Recall referendum project
4997:30 April uprising attempt
4947:Venezuela TPS Act of 2019
4921:Tumeremo massacre (third)
4752:Tumeremo massacre (first)
4535:State-sponsored terrorism
4378:
4302:
4279:2022 stock market decline
4271:Pakistani economic crisis
4257:2021–2023 inflation surge
4203:Lebanese liquidity crisis
4172:Venezuelan hyperinflation
4164:Brexit stock market crash
4113:Venezuela economic crisis
3875:Zimbabwean hyperinflation
3458:Wall Street Crash of 1929
3298:2nd Industrial Revolution
3132:1st Industrial Revolution
2890:
2560:(in Spanish). 22 May 2010
1008:2019 Venezuelan blackouts
1003:2024 Venezuelan blackouts
666:Hugo Chávez, 9 March 2010
608:until 2007; according to
231:Arrest of Antonio Ledezma
5987:Movimiento al Socialismo
5871:Venezolana de Televisión
5214:Bulla Loca mine disaster
4957:Humanitarian aid mission
4926:2018 protests (timeline)
4916:Murder of Fernando Albán
4883:Panama diplomatic crisis
4830:Attack on Fort Paramacay
4803:National Assembly attack
4778:Detention of Gilber Caro
4762:2016 protests (timeline)
4719:2015 protests (timeline)
3940:Subprime mortgage crisis
3603:Brazilian hyperinflation
3575:Brazilian hyperinflation
3412:Financial crisis of 1914
3120:Mississippi bubble crash
1210:Ciber Protesta Venezuela
469:Attack on Fort Paramacay
5224:international reactions
5183:Guyana–Venezuela crisis
4977:Murder of Alí Domínguez
4576:Death of Franklin Brito
4501:International sanctions
4451:Crimes against humanity
4315:List of economic crises
4233:2020 stock market crash
4226:Financial market impact
4195:Turkish economic crisis
3810:9/11 stock market crash
3766:October 1997 mini-crash
3737:1994 bond market crisis
3729:Yugoslav hyperinflation
3640:Savings and loan crisis
3241:European potato failure
1434:The Wall Street Journal
753:The Wall Street Journal
707:crisis: Plant Tacoa in
683:Thermal park deficiency
610:The Wall Street Journal
602:Electricidad de Caracas
494:Operation Gideon (2020)
157:International sanctions
5908:Mission Barrio Adentro
5254:Deaths during protests
5100:Parliamentary election
5095:Detention of Alex Saab
5022:Murder of Edmundo Rada
4729:Parliamentary election
4586:Parliamentary election
4308:List of banking crises
4077:Syrian economic crisis
4010:Blue Monday Crash 2009
3619:Chilean crisis of 1982
3450:Shōwa financial crisis
3256:Highland Potato Famine
3112:South Sea bubble crash
2903:Commodity price shocks
964:Venezuela presented a
957:
699:
669:
637:
616:created the state-run
6064:Revolving door effect
5219:Presidential election
5070:Barquisimeto shooting
5012:Attack of Rufo Chacón
4908:Economic reforms and
4888:Presidential election
4788:Mother of All Marches
4783:Constitutional crisis
4640:Presidential election
4614:Presidential election
4480:Zulia energy collapse
4431:Bolivarian Revolution
3633:Black Saturday (1983)
3487:Kennedy Slide of 1962
3059:Commercial revolution
1013:Zulia energy collapse
847:At the end of April,
694:
632:
600:The private company,
484:2019 uprising attempt
145:Zulia energy collapse
91:Bolivarian Revolution
6069:Torture in Venezuela
5997:Agreement for Change
5877:State organizations
5836:Great Patriotic Pole
5641:María Corina Machado
5318:Juan Pablo Pernalete
5241:Widespread blackouts
5060:Death of Addy Valero
5002:Acarigua prison riot
4982:Widespread blackouts
4898:Caracas drone attack
4724:Narcosobrinos affair
4635:Death of Hugo Chávez
4555:Coronavirus pandemic
4187:Ghana banking crisis
4017:European debt crisis
3802:Dot-com bubble crash
3714:Cuban Special Period
3173:Copper Panic of 1789
3078:The Great Debasement
3070:Great Bullion Famine
1375:on 30 September 2010
1073:on 24 November 2011.
814:Rationing in Caracas
673:Alí Rodríguez Araque
522:Venezuela portal
479:Caracas drone attack
276:2022 recall movement
236:2016 recall movement
197:Xenophobic incidents
6129:Energy in Venezuela
6114:Crisis in Venezuela
5992:Progressive Advance
5918:Carnet de la Patria
5188:El Palito oil spill
5163:Anti-Solidarity Law
5090:El Palito oil spill
5080:Guanare prison riot
4893:El Paraíso stampede
4825:Municipal elections
4650:Municipal elections
4486:Human rights abuses
4426:Bolivarian missions
4372:Crisis in Venezuela
4143:2015 Nepal blockade
3853:2000s energy crisis
3751:Mexican peso crisis
3656:Black Monday (1987)
3516:1970s energy crisis
3476:Post–WWII expansion
3150:Bengal bubble crash
2945:Financial contagion
2749:on 30 November 2011
2177:on 30 November 2011
2074:on 30 November 2011
1507:Wall Street Journal
1349:on 13 December 2013
1099:on 30 November 2011
918:2010 FIFA World Cup
504:2022 Arauca clashes
68:Crisis in Venezuela
31:2010 FIFA World Cup
6078:In popular culture
6049:Orinoco Mining Arc
5948:Political parties
5832:Political parties
5606:C. Alcalá Cordones
5465:C. Alcalá Cordones
5168:Barbados Agreement
4967:Venezuela Aid Live
4840:Law against Hatred
4820:Regional elections
4619:Regional elections
4545:Catatumbo campaign
4525:Resource shortages
4496:Illegal drug trade
3405:Panic of 1910–1911
3249:Great Irish Famine
3187:Panic of 1796–1797
3026:Stock market crash
2688:on 7 November 2017
2653:on 7 November 2017
1641:Derwick Associates
1520:Derwick Associates
1271:on 11 January 2012
901:Norte de Santander
789:. You can help by
759:Derwick Associates
700:
638:
499:2021 Apure clashes
266:Venezuela Aid Live
192:Catatumbo campaign
6101:
6100:
6017:
6016:
5967:Democratic Action
5804:
5803:
5366:
5365:
5323:Armando Cañizales
5249:
5248:
5075:COVID-19 pandemic
5027:Operación Alacrán
4398:COVID-19 pandemic
4338:
4337:
4219:COVID-19 pandemic
3104:Tulip mania crash
3095:Kipper und Wipper
3072:(c. 1400–c. 1500)
2420:. 16 January 2010
1766:. 9 February 2010
807:
806:
763:National Assembly
556:
555:
271:COVID-19 pandemic
18:electrical energy
6136:
5813:
5485:V. Padrino López
5455:C. Mata Figueroa
5450:N. Maduro Guerra
5409:arrested in 2024
5375:
5353:David Vallenilla
5258:
5234:political crisis
5085:Operation Gideon
4868:El Junquito raid
4530:State protectors
4411:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4342:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3878:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3724:
3717:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3606:
3592:Great Regression
3587:Great Moderation
3578:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3496:
3489:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3289:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3089:
3081:
3073:
3050:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2975:Liquidity crisis
2970:
2963:
2954:
2952:Social contagion
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2884:Financial crises
2877:
2870:
2863:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2814:on 11 April 2013
2810:. Archived from
2799:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2619:Últimas Noticias
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2346:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:on 11 April 2013
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2057:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2008:on 11 March 2010
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:on 19 April 2015
1965:[News].
1958:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1906:on 27 April 2010
1889:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:. Archived from
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:on 27 March 2010
1822:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1729:on 25 March 2010
1725:. Archived from
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1696:on 23 March 2010
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1619:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1585:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1475:on 12 March 2010
1461:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1120:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1034:
955:
802:
799:
781:
774:
667:
548:
541:
534:
520:
519:
518:
474:El Junquito raid
78:
64:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6073:
6013:
5972:Un Nuevo Tiempo
5927:
5800:
5584:
5505:H. Rangel Silva
5362:
5338:Orlando Figuera
5328:Miguel Castillo
5301:
5285:
5281:Geraldin Moreno
5276:Génesis Carmona
5268:Bassil Da Costa
5245:
5192:
5151:
5130:
5109:
5043:
4930:
4856:
4766:
4740:
4714:Resolution 8610
4692:
4654:
4623:
4597:
4559:
4421:Economic crisis
4402:
4374:
4369:
4339:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4037:Information Age
4031:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3887:Great Recession
3881:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3727:
3720:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3573:
3568:1979 oil crisis
3566:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3524:1973 oil crisis
3522:
3514:
3507:
3505:Great Inflation
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3425:
3423:Interwar period
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2924:Currency crisis
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2595:on 15 June 2010
2581:
2580:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:. 14 June 2011.
2471:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2348:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2213:on 9 April 2013
2198:
2197:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2099:
2098:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1939:on 7 March 2016
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1870:on 9 April 2013
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1824:
1823:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1801:on 9 April 2013
1787:
1786:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1463:
1462:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1405:on 24 July 2014
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1128:AméricaEconomía
1122:
1121:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1026:
999:
962:
956:
950:
909:
896:
881:
825:
816:
803:
797:
794:
787:needs expansion
772:
748:
743:
734:
721:
695:Planta Centro,
685:
668:
665:
627:
606:AES Corporation
552:
516:
514:
509:
508:
454:
446:
445:
444:
410:
402:
401:
400:
356:
346:
345:
344:
335:2023 referendum
315:2017 referendum
300:
292:
291:
290:
216:
208:
207:
206:
120:
112:
111:
110:
86:
62:
12:
11:
5:
6142:
6140:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6106:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5977:Come Venezuela
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5946:
5941:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5857:Media outlets
5855:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5830:
5825:
5819:
5817:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5631:Rafael Ramírez
5628:
5627:
5626:
5621:L. Ortega Díaz
5618:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5475:L. Ortega Díaz
5472:
5471:
5470:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5385:Nicolás Maduro
5381:
5379:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5142:Arauca clashes
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4550:Pemon conflict
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4505:U.S. sanctions
4498:
4493:
4491:Hyperinflation
4488:
4483:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4417:
4415:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4345:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4273:(2022–present)
4267:
4260:
4253:
4251:(2020–present)
4245:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4215:
4213:(2019–present)
4207:
4205:(2019–present)
4199:
4197:(2018–present)
4191:
4183:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4117:
4115:(2013–present)
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4079:(2011–present)
4073:
4071:(2010–present)
4065:
4058:
4051:
4043:
4041:
4040:(2009–present)
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3905:September 2008
3893:
3891:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3877:(2007–present)
3871:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3607:
3598:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3167:(c. 1780–1795)
3161:
3154:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3090:
3088:(c. 1600–1760)
3082:
3074:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2971:
2968:Hyperinflation
2964:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2825:
2789:
2760:
2727:
2699:
2664:
2632:
2606:
2571:
2542:
2513:
2484:
2464:
2431:
2416:(in Spanish).
2399:
2370:
2336:
2307:
2277:
2251:
2224:
2188:
2150:
2121:
2085:
2047:
2019:
1986:
1950:
1917:
1881:
1848:
1812:
1777:
1740:
1707:
1681:
1647:
1628:Foreign Policy
1607:
1559:
1526:
1486:
1447:
1416:
1386:
1360:
1330:
1308:
1282:
1265:Diario Expreso
1252:
1223:
1197:
1171:
1141:
1110:
1076:
1055:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
998:
995:
990:Nicolás Maduro
975:Rafael Ramírez
961:
958:
948:
935:Puerto la Cruz
908:
905:
895:
892:
880:
877:
824:
821:
815:
812:
805:
804:
784:
782:
771:
768:
747:
744:
742:
739:
733:
730:
720:
717:
684:
681:
663:
626:
623:
585:Foreign Policy
554:
553:
551:
550:
543:
536:
528:
525:
524:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
455:
453:Armed violence
452:
451:
448:
447:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
357:
352:
351:
348:
347:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
217:
214:
213:
210:
209:
205:
204:
202:Pemon conflict
199:
194:
189:
187:Hyperinflation
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
162:U.S. sanctions
159:
154:
149:
148:
147:
142:
140:2024 blackouts
137:
135:2019 blackouts
127:
125:Refugee crisis
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
71:
70:
61:
58:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6141:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6124:Energy crises
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6034:Guaire miners
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Justice First
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5809:Organizations
5807:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5791:J. P. Guanipa
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5766:M. C. Figuera
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:V. S. Scarano
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:Pérez Álvarez
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5555:M. C. Figuera
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5405:T. El Aissami
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5358:Xiomara Scott
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5348:Fabián Urbina
5346:
5344:
5343:Neomar Lander
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5313:Paola Ramírez
5311:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:Robert Redman
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5126:Apure clashes
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5032:2019 protests
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Valencia fire
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:2017 protests
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4671:2014 protests
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Amuay tragedy
4607:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4476:Energy crisis
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Bolivarianism
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3926:December 2008
3923:
3920:
3919:November 2008
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3465:Panic of 1930
3462:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:Panic of 1907
3387:
3384:
3383:Panic of 1901
3380:
3377:
3376:Panic of 1896
3373:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3354:Panic of 1893
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3338:Baring crisis
3335:
3331:
3330:Arendal crash
3327:
3324:
3323:Panic of 1884
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3309:Panic of 1873
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:Panic of 1866
3276:
3273:
3272:Panic of 1857
3269:
3266:
3265:Panic of 1847
3262:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3223:Panic of 1837
3220:
3217:
3216:Panic of 1825
3213:
3210:
3209:Panic of 1819
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:Panic of 1792
3177:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:Social crisis
3016:
3013:
3012:Minsky moment
3009:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:Energy crisis
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2910:Credit crunch
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2715:
2714:
2713:El Informador
2709:
2703:
2700:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2531:. 22 May 2010
2530:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2413:El Espectador
2409:
2403:
2400:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2225:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1968:El Carabobeño
1964:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1836:
1832:
1828:
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1518:One company,
1508:
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1239:El Economista
1236:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1159:
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1062:
1060:
1056:
1044:. 9 July 2009
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1018:Energy crisis
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
991:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
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947:
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936:
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928:
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887:
885:
878:
876:
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870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
838:Guiana Shield
833:
829:
822:
820:
813:
811:
801:
792:
788:
785:This section
783:
780:
776:
775:
769:
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764:
760:
755:
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745:
740:
738:
731:
729:
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619:
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581:
577:
573:
572:Bolívar State
569:
565:
560:
549:
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529:
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130:Energy crisis
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44:According to
42:
38:
36:
32:
28:
23:
22:energy crisis
19:
6084:
6009:Capitolio TV
5957:Popular Will
5786:J. J. Rendón
5776:D. Solórzano
5756:A. Velásquez
5751:J. Torrealba
5736:H. Salas Feo
5721:R. Requesens
5716:J. Requesens
5525:I. Rodríguez
5515:J. Rodríguez
5510:D. Rodríguez
5297:Kluivert Roa
5121:La Vega raid
4910:Viernes Rojo
4909:
4581:PDVAL affair
4515:Negotiations
4475:
4068:
3912:October 2008
3794:Samba effect
3650:(1987–2000s)
3545:Steel crisis
3368:Black Monday
3346:Encilhamento
3286:Black Friday
3093:
3049:(235–284 CE)
2917:Credit cycle
2839:. Retrieved
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2807:
2780:. Retrieved
2775:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:the original
2740:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2686:the original
2681:El Universal
2679:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:the original
2646:El Universal
2644:
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2586:
2562:. Retrieved
2557:
2533:. Retrieved
2529:Europa Press
2504:. Retrieved
2502:(in Spanish)
2499:El Universal
2497:
2487:
2478:El Universal
2476:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2450:
2422:. Retrieved
2411:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2385:
2361:. Retrieved
2359:(in Spanish)
2354:
2327:. Retrieved
2322:
2298:. Retrieved
2294:the original
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2240:(in Spanish)
2237:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:the original
2206:El Universal
2204:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2170:
2141:. Retrieved
2136:
2112:. Retrieved
2110:(in Spanish)
2105:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:the original
2065:
2038:. Retrieved
2033:El Universal
2031:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
1999:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1966:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:the original
1932:El Universal
1930:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1899:El Universal
1897:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1863:El Universal
1861:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1830:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1794:El Universal
1792:
1768:. Retrieved
1763:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:the original
1722:El Universal
1720:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:the original
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1661:The Guardian
1660:
1650:
1638:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:
1598:. Retrieved
1596:(in Spanish)
1593:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1517:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:the original
1468:
1438:. Retrieved
1432:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1398:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:the original
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1342:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1294:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1264:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1238:
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1183:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1160:(in Spanish)
1157:
1132:. Retrieved
1127:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1092:
1071:the original
1046:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
987:
983:
963:
960:Consequences
945:
924:
922:
914:
910:
897:
888:
882:
846:
834:
830:
826:
817:
808:
798:January 2022
795:
791:adding to it
786:
751:
749:
735:
726:
722:
705:
701:
686:
677:
670:
659:
647:
639:
609:
599:
583:
580:Caroni River
561:
557:
129:
43:
39:
15:
5932:Anti-Maduro
5761:J. L. Silva
5711:Ramos Allup
5706:Pérez Vivas
5646:H. Capriles
5601:Óscar Pérez
5596:Juan Guaidó
5589:Anti-Maduro
5460:C. Meléndez
5390:F. Ameliach
5333:Paúl Moreno
4962:Amnesty Law
4189:(2017–2018)
4174:(2016–2022)
4130:(2014–2022)
3890:(2007–2009)
3855:(2003–2008)
3804:(2000–2004)
3753:(1994–1996)
3731:(1992–1994)
3716:(1991–2000)
3680:(1990–1992)
3672:(1990–1992)
3642:(1986–1995)
3605:(1982–1994)
3595:(1982–2007)
3577:(1980–1982)
3555:(1975–1982)
3547:(1973–1982)
3518:(1973–1980)
3508:(1973–1982)
3479:(1945–1973)
3444:(1921–1923)
3436:(1917–1924)
3426:(1918–1939)
3348:(1890–1893)
3301:(1870–1914)
3243:(1845–1856)
3203:(1815–1816)
3152:(1769–1784)
3135:(1760–1840)
3098:(1621–1623)
3080:(1544–1551)
3062:(1000–1760)
2961:Flash crash
2931:Debt crisis
2692:6 September
2657:6 September
2588:El Nacional
2356:El Nacional
2323:BioBioChile
2107:El Nacional
2001:El Nacional
1353:30 December
1295:El Universo
1164:6 September
1134:6 September
1103:6 September
979:diesel fuel
971:natural gas
746:Investments
653:Hugo Chávez
614:Hugo Chávez
35:Hugo Chávez
6108:Categories
5923:Colectivos
5816:Pro-Maduro
5796:T. Guanipa
5781:O. Barboza
5770:since 2019
5746:L. Tintori
5731:M. Rosales
5726:F. Rosales
5681:A. Ledezma
5676:F. Guevara
5635:since 2018
5625:since 2017
5610:since 2013
5575:I. Alfonzo
5559:until 2019
5545:E. Amoroso
5530:T. W. Saab
5520:J. Arreaza
5494:until 2018
5490:R. Ramírez
5479:until 2017
5469:until 2013
5445:I. Alfonzo
5430:A. Istúriz
5420:T. W. Saab
5415:H. Escarrá
5395:D. Cabello
5378:Pro-Maduro
5178:Referendum
5065:Cagua fire
4798:Referendum
4461:Defections
4456:Corruption
4441:Censorship
2982:Accounting
2776:Portafolio
2386:Reporte360
1963:"Noticias"
1024:References
857:Anzoátegui
246:Lima Group
152:Defections
5651:H. Falcón
5616:J. Borges
5570:F. Bernal
5565:E. Farías
5535:I. Varela
5440:T. Lucena
5425:C. Flores
5400:A. Chávez
4952:Plan País
4666:La Salida
4240:Recession
3233:1840–1870
2742:La Verdad
2558:Analítica
2171:La Verdad
2137:Informe21
2067:La Verdad
1669:0261-3077
1594:Univision
1158:El Tiempo
1093:La Verdad
931:Barcelona
926:El Tiempo
849:Corpoelec
741:Responses
650:President
618:Corpoelec
590:Univision
576:Venezuela
299:Elections
226:La Salida
177:Shortages
5944:Mercosur
5691:Mantilla
5686:L. López
5540:D. Vivas
5500:L. Parra
5229:protests
5037:timeline
4850:timeline
4676:timeline
4446:Chavismo
2896:Bank run
2841:14 March
2451:La Clase
2270:18 March
2244:18 March
2217:23 April
2181:29 April
2078:29 April
1943:29 April
1910:29 April
1874:23 April
1831:Tal Cual
1764:BBC News
1674:13 March
1633:10 March
1600:14 March
1552:13 March
1512:10 March
1409:19 March
1379:19 March
1323:28 March
1301:28 March
1275:28 March
1245:28 March
1216:19 March
1048:28 March
1042:NBC News
997:See also
949:—
939:Chavismo
697:Carabobo
664:—
661:reality.
635:Guri Dam
568:Guri Dam
409:Timeline
354:Protests
96:Chavismo
6054:Perrera
6022:Related
5866:Telesur
5846:PODEMOS
5696:Mendoza
5666:Aveledo
5550:B. Lugo
5435:E. Jaua
4813:Members
4414:Ongoing
2996:Funding
2989:Capital
2818:2 April
2808:Reuters
2782:2 April
2753:2 April
2720:2 April
2625:17 June
2599:17 June
2564:13 June
2535:13 June
2506:13 June
2457:2 April
2424:2 April
2392:2 April
2363:2 April
2329:2 April
2300:2 April
2143:2 April
2114:2 April
2040:2 April
2012:2 April
1979:2 April
1841:2 April
1805:2 April
1770:2 April
1733:2 April
1700:2 April
1479:2 April
1469:Reuters
1440:2 April
1184:Infobae
869:Táchira
578:on the
119:Effects
27:Caracas
6089:(2023)
5656:Adrián
5580:Y. Gil
5371:People
4645:Dakazo
4407:Events
4166:(2016)
3812:(2001)
3796:(1999)
3613:(1982)
3452:(1927)
3399:(1910)
3370:(1894)
3340:(1890)
3332:(1886)
3288:(1869)
3122:(1720)
3114:(1720)
3106:(1637)
3003:Market
1667:
1190:14 May
861:Mérida
853:Aragua
842:Falcón
828:week.
709:Vargas
221:Dakazo
215:Events
172:Piracy
85:Causes
6086:Simón
5982:Copei
5661:Arria
1547:Wired
1399:Terra
1343:Terra
884:SIDOR
873:Zulia
865:Sucre
713:Zulia
5671:Caro
5306:2017
5290:2015
5261:2014
5197:2024
5156:2023
5135:2022
5114:2021
5048:2020
4935:2019
4861:2018
4771:2017
4745:2016
4697:2015
4659:2014
4628:2013
4602:2012
4564:2010
4503:and
3933:2009
3038:1000
3036:Pre-
2843:2019
2820:2010
2784:2010
2755:2010
2722:2010
2694:2010
2659:2010
2627:2010
2601:2010
2566:2010
2537:2010
2508:2010
2459:2010
2426:2010
2394:2010
2365:2010
2331:2010
2302:2010
2272:2019
2246:2019
2219:2010
2183:2010
2145:2010
2116:2010
2080:2010
2042:2010
2014:2010
1981:2010
1945:2010
1912:2010
1876:2010
1843:2010
1807:2010
1772:2010
1735:2010
1702:2010
1676:2019
1665:ISSN
1635:2019
1602:2019
1554:2019
1514:2019
1481:2010
1442:2010
1411:2011
1381:2011
1355:2010
1325:2010
1303:2010
1277:2010
1247:2010
1218:2011
1192:2011
1166:2010
1136:2010
1105:2010
1050:2010
933:and
871:and
643:masl
440:2019
435:2018
430:2017
425:2016
420:2015
415:2014
396:2024
391:2019
386:2018
381:2017
376:2016
371:2015
366:2014
361:2013
2418:EFE
2290:EFE
2265:BBC
2238:ABC
966:GDP
793:.
570:in
6110::
2806:.
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2763:^
2667:^
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1983:.
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