33:
383:" in campaigns. Scottish oil and gas production constitutes 82% of the UK's oil and gas. Accordingly, economic and political independence would be followed by high-stakes energy agreements, wherein some argue the fiscal power would lie with Scotland. Political independence would supposedly return decisions about the future of energy to the Scottish people, who are more likely to vote in favour of renewable energy on Scottish soil. Therefore, less reliance on international gas supplies, and a focus on low-emission local energy is a key tenet of the "
2476:
195:
2870:
2303:
2860:
2327:
399:
2339:
2315:
229:
reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence because renewable energy systems don't need fuel – they depend on trade only for the acquisition of materials and components during construction. Renewable energy is found to be an efficient way to ensure energy independence and security. It
261:
Several countries are conducting extensive research and development programs around renewable energy sources like solar, wind, water, and nuclear energy in hopes to achieve energy independence. However, because solar, wind, and water cannot always be derived as an energy source, nuclear energy is
371:
is a good example because Russia is Europe's main supplier of hard coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Oil wars in and between the Middle East, Russia, and the United States that have made markets unpredictable and volatile are also a great example as to why energy advocates and experts suggest
300:
project, the world's first open-source blueprint for the design, construction, and financing of nuclear power plants. General Fusion is a
Canadian company currently developing a fusion power device, based on magnetized target fusion. Flibe Energy aims to tackle the future of nuclear energy by
291:
In that same tone, there are several other companies and institutions across the globe that are gaining attention from their nuclear power innovations and research efforts. Commonwealth Fusion
Systems, founded in 2018, is focusing on the development of nuclear fusion. In 2020, The
372:
countries invest in energy independence. The international dependence of energy resources exposes countries to vulnerability in every aspect of life — countries rely on energy for food, infrastructure, security, transportation, and more.
265:
Under the conceived notion that the expansion of and investment in nuclear energy power plants is a key step in the goal of achieving energy independence many countries, and companies, are supporting nuclear power research efforts.
273:(ITER), located in France, is an experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor that is a collaboration between 35 different countries. This project was launched in 2007 and still under construction today.
1266:"Russia has maintained though throughout the whole period 2007-2017 its position as the leading supplier to the EU of the main primary energy commodities – hard coal, crude oil and natural gas"
2377:
1267:
1385:
1151:
347:. Usually, a country relies on local and global energy renewable and non-renewable resources, a mixed-model solution that presumes various energy sources and modes of
379:
debate, energy independence is a key argument in favour of
Scottish exit. Since the discovery of large oil fields, pro-independence proponents have used the tagline "
2878:
464:
2888:
1086:
664:
Krane, Jim; Idel, Robert (1 December 2021). "More transitions, less risk: How renewable energy reduces risks from mining, trade and political dependence".
288:
to build advanced nuclear reactors that will be affordable to construct and operate. Both companies are expected to produce their product within 7 years.
2370:
2898:
809:
1329:
2893:
1416:
707:
Lin, Boqiang; Zhu, Junpeng (1 October 2019). "Determinants of renewable energy technological innovation in China under CO2 emissions constraint".
489:
316:
Energy independence is being attempted by large or resource-rich and economically-strong countries like the United States, Russia, China and the
2036:
1304:
1116:
Nematollahi, Omid; Hoghooghi, Hadi; Rasti, Mehdi; Sedaghat, Ahmad (2016). "Energy demands and renewable energy resources in the Middle East".
32:
2873:
2363:
2080:
1755:
1192:
1016:
976:
640:
137:
has been identified as one of several factors (energy sources diversification, energy suppliers diversification, energy sources fungibility,
368:
2222:
1354:
2778:
277:
1268:
https://web.archive.org/web/20191019113648/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Energy_production_and_imports
1216:
1043:
469:
454:
449:
328:
2163:
2642:
2343:
918:
2763:
2173:
1382:
1159:
2883:
2788:
165:. Generally, a higher level of energy dependence is associated with higher risk, because of the possible interference of
2386:
1703:
1521:
2793:
2425:
2262:
1409:
352:
305:
226:
115:
866:
2758:
2410:
528:
Hölsgens, Rick (2019). "Resource dependence and energy risks in the
Netherlands since the mid-nineteenth century".
2919:
2738:
2168:
2026:
1688:
1633:
1613:
1608:
231:
1094:
810:"U.S. Department of Energy Announces $ 160 Million in First Awards under Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program"
380:
2718:
2440:
2097:
1441:
83:
2553:
2445:
2420:
2400:
2257:
2242:
1638:
1618:
1279:
892:
459:
384:
235:
2808:
2733:
2713:
2662:
2657:
2435:
1770:
1666:
1593:
1583:
1464:
1402:
332:
1033:
508:"Energy security indices in Europe / Economic Challenges for Energy Workshop February 7-8th 2011, Madrid"
2578:
2573:
2568:
2530:
2430:
1710:
1501:
376:
2843:
2783:
2753:
2622:
2583:
2558:
2523:
2500:
2405:
2158:
2131:
2109:
2016:
1949:
1698:
1628:
1573:
437:
293:
308:
and full version of this underground storage in New Mexico is important for the nuclear fuel cycle.
114:
in order to meet its energy needs. The indicator is calculated as net imports divided by the sum of
2415:
2237:
2180:
2102:
2075:
1760:
1623:
1598:
840:
150:
2859:
2326:
2863:
2617:
2319:
2217:
2195:
2185:
2021:
1060:
740:
689:
553:
427:
2818:
2813:
2745:
2563:
2518:
2505:
2460:
2119:
1944:
1805:
1765:
1735:
1720:
1693:
1603:
1506:
1446:
1436:
1188:
1182:
1133:
1039:
1012:
972:
943:
791:
732:
724:
681:
646:
636:
610:
592:
545:
417:
262:
seen as a near-universal alternative that is efficient, safe, and combats the climate crisis.
64:
2823:
2798:
2687:
2538:
2465:
2278:
2252:
2247:
2227:
2212:
2053:
2043:
1823:
1750:
1486:
1125:
1004:
781:
771:
716:
673:
600:
584:
537:
340:
336:
174:
166:
154:
146:
142:
138:
79:
2682:
2669:
2647:
2632:
2543:
2455:
2307:
2288:
2202:
1969:
1884:
1740:
1730:
1715:
1673:
1578:
1528:
1479:
1389:
1383:
https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld_Statistics_2015.pdf
1072:
422:
348:
325:
250:
162:
99:
68:
56:
27:
Independence or autarky regarding energy resources, energy supply and/or energy generation
2475:
1241:
2828:
2283:
2232:
2207:
2011:
1976:
1909:
1899:
1815:
1795:
1790:
1775:
1745:
1725:
1683:
1661:
1643:
1543:
1533:
1469:
1008:
630:
605:
572:
170:
75:
999:
Li, Xing; Clark, Woodrow W. (2018). "Energy
Economics in China's Policy-Making Plan".
507:
194:
2913:
2838:
2768:
2725:
2692:
2677:
2495:
2450:
2331:
2190:
2150:
2114:
2070:
1996:
1959:
1877:
1800:
1568:
1563:
1516:
1496:
744:
693:
557:
432:
404:
230:
also supports the transition to a low carbon economy and society. Ways to manage the
60:
48:
2627:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2087:
2031:
1981:
1964:
1785:
1558:
1491:
360:
356:
324:, but it is so far an idealized status that at present can be only approximated by
944:"International - Analysis - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - Russia"
720:
966:
17:
2595:
2490:
2092:
2058:
1932:
1922:
1865:
1848:
1833:
1780:
1678:
541:
321:
119:
74:
Energy dependence, in general, refers to mankind's general dependence on either
2355:
1129:
677:
98:, etc.). In a narrower sense, it may describe the dependence of one country on
2637:
2510:
2126:
2048:
1986:
1954:
1894:
1588:
776:
759:
588:
394:
364:
344:
281:
246:
239:
95:
1137:
795:
728:
685:
650:
596:
549:
2136:
2063:
1937:
1917:
1889:
1828:
398:
317:
243:
91:
1305:"Higher North Sea revenues: what impact on Scotland's independence debate?"
736:
614:
253:
could be used for such purposes alongside storage-options like batteries.
2612:
1872:
1853:
1838:
1538:
786:
758:
Schulthoff, Michael; Rudnick, Ivan; Bose, Abhishek; Gençer, Emre (2021).
285:
127:
2006:
1548:
301:
researching and developing the liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR).
297:
111:
107:
52:
760:"Role of Hydrogen in a Low-Carbon Electric Power System: A Case Study"
1553:
1474:
1425:
304:
In addition, safe and cost-effective storage of nuclear waste in the
1035:
A Roadmap for
Renewable Energy in the Middle East and North Africa
1927:
1860:
1843:
1511:
968:
The
Economics and Politics of China's Energy Security Transition
270:
87:
2359:
1398:
1184:
Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social
Feasibility
189:
158:
38:
Who supplies Europe? The global concerns of EU energy imports
339:. Another factor in reducing dependence is the addition of
867:"Tech Guru's Plan—Fight Climate Change with Nuclear Power"
1394:
1217:"Arvizu: Why the Current Energy System Is Unsustainable"
227:
transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems
841:"6 start-ups innovating in the field of nuclear energy"
206:
633: : the dangerous delusions of energy independence
234:– such as little solar power on cloudy days – include
1187:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 135.
1087:"A Bright Future For Solar Power In The Middle East"
2703:
2483:
2393:
2271:
2147:
1995:
1908:
1814:
1654:
1455:
1330:"Do Scots want green energy in Scotland? | YouGov"
1001:Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook
573:"European economies in terms of energy dependence"
271:International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
106:Energy dependency shows the extent to which an
104:
1215:RenewEconomy, Giles Parkinson (9 April 2014).
387:" prospectus promoting Scottish Independence.
2371:
1410:
8:
280:awarded $ 160 million in initial funding to
465:India's three-stage nuclear power programme
2378:
2364:
2356:
1417:
1403:
1395:
919:"American Energy Independence Is Imminent"
1280:"Oil and gas production statistics: 2019"
785:
775:
604:
1118:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
31:
481:
2037:Integrated gasification combined cycle
1068:
1058:
893:"Energy Independence: A Short History"
2081:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
1756:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
865:Proctor, Darrell (25 February 2020).
834:
832:
830:
369:European dependence on Russian energy
7:
2314:
666:Energy Research & Social Science
2338:
2223:World energy supply and consumption
1032:El-Katiri, Laura (1 January 2014).
709:Journal of Environmental Management
1009:10.1016/b978-0-12-813964-6.00017-3
891:Homans, Charles (3 January 2012).
839:Earley, Kelly (27 February 2020).
181:Techniques for energy independence
25:
1152:"When will fossil fuels run out?"
971:. Elsevier Science. p. 106.
583:(4). Springer Nature: 1531–1548.
470:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
455:United States energy independence
450:Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society
2869:
2868:
2858:
2474:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2302:
2301:
397:
193:
2643:Science, technology and society
1093:. 23 April 2016. Archived from
917:Lack, Simon (28 January 2019).
232:variability of renewable energy
116:gross inland energy consumption
1003:. Elsevier. pp. 325–349.
1:
721:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.121
161:) negatively contributing to
2387:Environmental social science
1091:Global Economic Intersection
764:Frontiers in Energy Research
571:Bluszcz, Anna (5 May 2016).
2426:Environmental communication
1355:"Energy and climate change"
635:. New York: PublicAffairs.
542:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.020
353:electric power transmission
306:Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
2936:
2411:Environmental anthropology
1130:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.058
1124:. Elsevier BV: 1172–1181.
678:10.1016/j.erss.2021.102311
2854:
2472:
2297:
2027:Fossil fuel power station
1689:Electric potential energy
1634:Thermodynamic temperature
1614:Thermodynamic free energy
1609:Thermodynamic equilibrium
1432:
777:10.3389/fenrg.2020.585461
589:10.1007/s11135-016-0350-1
278:U.S. Department of Energy
2441:Environmental psychology
2098:Concentrated solar power
2446:Environmental sociology
2421:Environmental economics
2401:Ecological anthropology
1639:Volume (thermodynamics)
1619:Thermodynamic potential
1522:Mass–energy equivalence
460:Energy policy of Turkey
385:Building a New Scotland
351:between countries like
236:dispatchable generation
2436:Environmental politics
1594:Quantum thermodynamics
1584:Laws of thermodynamics
1465:Conservation of energy
1242:"Unsustainable Energy"
628:Bryce, Robert (2008).
577:Quality & Quantity
536:. Elsevier BV: 45–54.
132:
102:from another country.
41:
2531:Ecological humanities
2431:Environmental history
1711:Interatomic potential
1502:Energy transformation
1309:Economics Observatory
377:Scottish Independence
35:
2623:Integrated geography
2501:Behavioral geography
2406:Ecological economics
2159:Efficient energy use
2132:Airborne wind energy
2110:Solar thermal energy
2017:Electricity delivery
1629:Thermodynamic system
1574:Irreversible process
1388:4 March 2016 at the
1181:Simon, C.A. (2007).
438:Efficient energy use
294:Energy Impact Center
2894:Research institutes
2416:Environmental crime
2181:Energy conservation
2103:Photovoltaic system
2076:Nuclear power plant
1761:Quantum fluctuation
1624:Thermodynamic state
1599:Thermal equilibrium
381:It's Scotland's Oil
225:A study found that
151:political stability
45:Energy independence
36:Energy Atlas 2018 "
2864:Environment portal
2618:Industrial ecology
2218:Sustainable energy
2196:Energy development
2186:Energy consumption
2022:Energy engineering
428:Energy development
205:. You can help by
84:energy consumption
42:
2907:
2906:
2746:Green criminology
2506:Community studies
2461:Political ecology
2353:
2352:
2120:Solar power tower
1766:Quantum potential
1604:Thermal reservoir
1507:Energy transition
1194:978-0-7425-4909-8
1018:978-0-12-813964-6
978:978-0-12-815153-2
965:Zhao, H. (2018).
642:978-1-58648-321-0
418:Energy resilience
355:, oil transport (
337:natural resources
223:
222:
175:terrorist attacks
167:trade regulations
135:Energy dependence
65:energy generation
18:Energy dependence
16:(Redirected from
2927:
2920:Energy economics
2872:
2871:
2862:
2794:natural resource
2478:
2466:Regional science
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2317:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2279:Carbon footprint
2213:Renewable energy
2054:Hydroelectricity
2044:Geothermal power
1487:Energy condition
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1162:on 16 April 2020
1158:. Archived from
1148:
1142:
1141:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1097:on 29 April 2021
1083:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1029:
1023:
1022:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
862:
856:
855:
853:
851:
845:Silicon Republic
836:
825:
824:
822:
820:
806:
800:
799:
789:
779:
755:
749:
748:
704:
698:
697:
661:
655:
654:
625:
619:
618:
608:
568:
562:
561:
525:
519:
518:
512:
504:
498:
497:
486:
444:National efforts
412:Related concepts
407:
402:
401:
341:renewable energy
331:of a country's (
218:
215:
197:
190:
186:Renewable energy
169:, international
155:energy intensity
147:energy resources
143:market liquidity
139:energy transport
130:
100:energy resources
80:secondary energy
57:energy resources
21:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2850:
2699:
2670:Systems ecology
2654:Sustainability
2648:science studies
2633:Rural sociology
2479:
2470:
2456:Human geography
2389:
2384:
2354:
2349:
2293:
2289:Waste-to-energy
2267:
2203:Energy security
2149:
2143:
1999:
1991:
1970:Natural uranium
1904:
1885:Mechanical wave
1816:Energy carriers
1810:
1650:
1579:Isolated system
1457:
1451:
1428:
1423:
1390:Wayback Machine
1379:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1248:. 4 August 2015
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1221:Greentech Media
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1067:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
979:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
890:
889:
885:
875:
873:
864:
863:
859:
849:
847:
838:
837:
828:
818:
816:
808:
807:
803:
757:
756:
752:
706:
705:
701:
663:
662:
658:
643:
627:
626:
622:
570:
569:
565:
527:
526:
522:
515:eforenergy.org/
510:
506:
505:
501:
488:
487:
483:
478:
446:
423:Energy security
414:
403:
396:
393:
349:energy transfer
343:sources to the
326:non-sustainable
314:
312:Global examples
259:
251:hydrogen energy
219:
213:
210:
203:needs expansion
188:
183:
171:armed conflicts
163:energy security
131:
126:
69:energy industry
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2866:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:Environmental
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2311:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2284:Jevons paradox
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:Energy storage
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Electric power
2009:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1910:Primary energy
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Entropic force
1541:
1534:Thermodynamics
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1378:
1377:External links
1375:
1372:
1371:
1346:
1321:
1296:
1271:
1259:
1233:
1207:
1193:
1173:
1143:
1108:
1078:
1069:|website=
1044:
1024:
1017:
991:
977:
957:
935:
909:
897:Foreign Policy
883:
871:Power Magazine
857:
826:
801:
750:
699:
656:
641:
631:Gusher of lies
620:
563:
520:
499:
480:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
445:
442:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
413:
410:
409:
408:
392:
389:
313:
310:
258:
255:
221:
220:
200:
198:
187:
184:
182:
179:
124:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2932:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2845:
2844:environmental
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:environmental
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:environmental
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:environmental
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:environmental
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2726:Ecopsychology
2724:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:Architecture
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2524:environmental
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Anthrozoology
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Human ecology
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:United States
2261:
2259:
2258:South America
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:Energy policy
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Solar furnace
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:Nuclear power
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:Energy system
1994:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Gravitational
1948:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:Hydrogen fuel
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:Gravitational
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Heat transfer
1567:
1565:
1564:Heat capacity
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Negative mass
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Energy system
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1062:
1047:
1045:9781907555909
1041:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
980:
974:
970:
969:
961:
958:
946:. 9 July 2019
945:
939:
936:
924:
920:
913:
910:
898:
894:
887:
884:
872:
868:
861:
858:
846:
842:
835:
833:
831:
827:
815:
811:
805:
802:
797:
793:
788:
787:1721.1/129383
783:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
754:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
703:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
660:
657:
652:
648:
644:
638:
634:
632:
624:
621:
616:
612:
607:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:Energy Policy
524:
521:
516:
509:
503:
500:
495:
491:
485:
482:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
439:
436:
434:
433:Energy policy
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
411:
406:
405:Energy portal
400:
395:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
373:
370:
366:
362:
361:gas pipelines
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:non-renewable
330:
327:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
302:
299:
296:launched its
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
276:In 2020, the
274:
272:
267:
263:
257:Nuclear power
256:
254:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
217:
214:November 2021
208:
204:
201:This section
199:
196:
192:
191:
185:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
129:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
61:energy supply
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2764:occupational
2759:epidemiology
2730:Engineering
2628:Permaculture
2591:Ethnobiology
2342:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2088:Oil refinery
2032:Cogeneration
1965:Nuclear fuel
1771:Quintessence
1559:Free entropy
1492:Energy level
1456:Fundamental
1362:. Retrieved
1359:www.gov.scot
1358:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1334:yougov.co.uk
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1284:www.gov.scot
1283:
1274:
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1245:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1183:
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:the original
1155:
1146:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:the original
1090:
1081:
1049:. Retrieved
1034:
1027:
1000:
994:
982:. Retrieved
967:
960:
948:. Retrieved
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:
912:
900:. Retrieved
896:
886:
874:. Retrieved
870:
860:
848:. Retrieved
844:
817:. Retrieved
813:
804:
767:
763:
753:
712:
708:
702:
669:
665:
659:
629:
623:
580:
576:
566:
533:
529:
523:
514:
502:
494:ec.europa.eu
493:
484:
374:
367:), etc. The
329:exploitation
315:
303:
290:
275:
268:
264:
260:
224:
211:
207:adding to it
202:
134:
133:
110:relies upon
105:
73:
49:independence
44:
43:
37:
29:
2775:Management
2719:sustainable
2491:Agroecology
2344:WikiProject
2164:Agriculture
2093:Solar power
2059:Tidal power
1933:Natural gas
1923:Fossil fuel
1866:Latent heat
1834:Electricity
1364:24 February
1339:24 February
1314:24 February
1289:24 February
850:10 December
819:10 December
715:: 662–671.
322:Middle East
240:smart grids
2734:ecological
2688:metabolism
2638:Sexecology
2535:Economics
2519:ecological
2511:Demography
2127:Wind power
2049:Hydropower
2000:components
1955:Hydropower
1945:Geothermal
1895:Sound wave
1806:Zero-point
1736:Mechanical
1721:Ionization
1694:Electrical
1589:Negentropy
1470:Energetics
1156:Ecotricity
876:18 October
814:Energy.gov
672:: 102311.
476:References
345:energy mix
282:TerraPower
247:hydropower
96:automation
55:regarding
2805:Planning
2784:fisheries
2714:landscape
2683:geography
2554:education
2238:Australia
2174:Transport
2169:Computing
2137:Wind farm
2064:Wave farm
1938:Petroleum
1918:Bioenergy
1890:Radiation
1829:Capacitor
1751:Potential
1138:1364-0321
1071:ignored (
1061:cite book
796:2296-598X
745:195820056
729:0301-4797
694:244187364
686:2214-6296
651:174112731
597:0033-5177
558:158310322
550:0301-4215
244:Bioenergy
92:transport
2914:Category
2899:Scholars
2889:Journals
2879:Concepts
2874:Category
2819:regional
2814:land use
2613:Forestry
2308:Category
1873:Hydrogen
1839:Enthalpy
1741:Negative
1731:Magnetic
1716:Internal
1674:Chemical
1539:Enthalpy
1458:concepts
1386:Archived
737:31279143
615:28725090
391:See also
286:X-energy
177:, etc.
128:Eurostat
125:—
2884:Degrees
2835:Policy
2824:spatial
2750:Health
2704:Applied
2693:studies
2678:ecology
2663:studies
2658:science
2606:zoology
2601:ecology
2579:justice
2574:studies
2569:science
2515:Design
2484:Related
2320:Commons
2148:Use and
2007:Biomass
1977:Radiant
1824:Battery
1796:Thermal
1791:Surface
1776:Radiant
1746:Phantom
1726:Kinetic
1704:Binding
1684:Elastic
1667:Nuclear
1662:Binding
1549:Entropy
1447:Outline
1437:History
1252:10 July
1226:10 July
1200:10 July
1166:10 July
1101:10 July
1051:10 July
984:10 July
950:10 July
928:10 July
902:10 July
770:: 344.
606:5486912
517:. 2011.
490:"Error"
375:In the
365:tankers
298:OPEN100
120:bunkers
112:imports
108:economy
76:primary
67:by the
63:and/or
53:autarky
2839:energy
2789:forest
2769:public
2674:Urban
2596:botany
2584:racism
2559:ethics
2544:thermo
2539:energy
2394:Fields
2332:Portal
2253:Mexico
2248:Europe
2243:Canada
2228:Africa
2151:supply
1960:Marine
1849:Fossil
1801:Vacuum
1554:Exergy
1475:Energy
1426:Energy
1191:
1136:
1042:
1015:
975:
923:Forbes
794:
743:
735:
727:
692:
684:
649:
639:
613:
603:
595:
556:
548:
2829:urban
2799:waste
2272:Misc.
1982:Solar
1786:Sound
1655:Types
1529:Power
1480:Units
1442:Index
1246:CELDF
741:S2CID
690:S2CID
554:S2CID
511:(PDF)
118:plus
2233:Asia
1987:Wind
1928:Coal
1900:Work
1861:Heat
1844:Fuel
1781:Rest
1679:Dark
1644:Work
1512:Mass
1366:2023
1341:2023
1316:2023
1291:2023
1254:2019
1228:2019
1202:2019
1189:ISBN
1168:2019
1134:ISSN
1103:2019
1073:help
1053:2019
1040:ISBN
1013:ISBN
986:2019
973:ISBN
952:2019
930:2019
904:2019
878:2021
852:2020
821:2020
792:ISSN
733:PMID
725:ISSN
682:ISSN
647:OCLC
637:ISBN
611:PMID
593:ISSN
546:ISSN
363:and
359:and
320:and
318:Near
284:and
269:The
249:and
238:and
88:fuel
82:for
2564:law
1854:Oil
1126:doi
1005:doi
782:hdl
772:doi
717:doi
713:247
674:doi
601:PMC
585:doi
538:doi
534:125
357:oil
209:.
159:GDP
78:or
51:or
47:is
2916::
1357:.
1332:.
1307:.
1282:.
1244:.
1219:.
1154:.
1132:.
1122:54
1120:.
1089:.
1065::
1063:}}
1059:{{
1038:.
1011:.
921:.
895:.
869:.
843:.
829:^
812:.
790:.
780:.
766:.
762:.
739:.
731:.
723:.
711:.
688:.
680:.
670:82
668:.
645:.
609:.
599:.
591:.
581:51
579:.
575:.
552:.
544:.
532:.
513:.
492:.
335:)
242:.
173:,
157:,
153:,
149:,
145:,
141:,
94:,
90:,
71:.
59:,
2379:e
2372:t
2365:v
1418:e
1411:t
1404:v
1368:.
1343:.
1318:.
1293:.
1256:.
1230:.
1204:.
1170:.
1140:.
1128::
1105:.
1075:)
1055:.
1021:.
1007::
988:.
954:.
932:.
906:.
880:.
854:.
823:.
798:.
784::
774::
768:8
747:.
719::
696:.
676::
653:.
617:.
587::
560:.
540::
496:.
216:)
212:(
122:.
86:(
40:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
