437:
649:. He is the last author to write of the monastery as still existing. The monastery appears on western European maps from the 14th through 17th centuries, but it may have bee merely a placename by then. The decline of the monastery probably owes something to the disruption of the coastal traffic during the
483:
482–489) who lived in a monastery in the Enaton that eventually took his name. He had students named
Stephanus and Athanasius, the former of which also established a monastery at the Enaton that took his name. Two other friends of Severus are possibly to be associated with the Enaton. According to
600:
Although the Enaton occasionally benefited from Muslim rule in Egypt, it never regained its former glory. It seems to have maintained its federal constitution for some time, but by the 11th century it had become a single monastery. It maintained its international character and reputation for
381:
also links the Enaton to
Theonas. It says that during the persecution the patriarch ordained a certain Theopemptos as the bishop of the Monastery of the Fathers outside Alexandria. This monastery purportedly already had six hundred monks at that time. The
413:. It is generally considered basically historical. It indicates that in the time of Longinus (450s) there were already monks buried in a cemetery at the Enaton. The site thus appears to have existed for some time before Longinus' election.
226:, Abbot Pembo recommended that she join the Enaton instead because "it is moderate; there is at this time a group of wealthy people who have made themselves monks; they live without fatigue; they find consolation."
566:, to heal a schism that had separate their two Miaphysite churches since the late 580s. Neither could meet in Alexandria, since it was controlled by the Chalcedonians. Their reconciliation was made possibly by
289:
The Enaton function according to a "federal constitution". The various monasteries elected a common leader with the title of hegumen. They had a common assembly and by the beginning of the 7th century a common
1139:
302:, there were 600 monasteries in the Enaton around the year 600. This number more probably represents the total number of monasteries in the region of Alexandria, as indicated by the
559:
310:. Still, "the many establishments at the Enaton must have given it the appearance of a large town with irregular streets, houses with terraced roofs, and dogs running about."
641:, possibly written as early as 1363, was attributed in the 18th century to a certain Archimandrite Mardarius of Gabal al-Niaton, perhaps a corrupted reference to the Enaton.
204:
as coming from the Enaton. These are now thought to belong to the monastery of the
Pempton. A more likely location is several miles further west on the hill of Kom al-Zujaj.
258:. It was composed of numerous autonomous foundations that varied in size from a lone hermit in a cell to large communities of monks. Each foundation was itself considered a
1134:
516:
520:
1144:
298:
616:
in the late 8th century, there was a tradition that a new patriarch should visit the Enaton. This tradition was abandoned by the 15th century.
507:. There was a brief period when the Enaton appears to have adopted Chalcedonianism, since in 542/543 it received a treatise from the Emperor
619:
By the 11th century, the Enaton was a single monastery dedicated to
Severus of Antioch. Owing to Severus and the Syriac influence, it had a
573:
Between 615 and 617, while they were resident in the Enaton, Tumo of Ḥarqel and Paul of Tella produced major translations into Syriac, the
512:
480:
515:
of the monastery of Salama to the patriarchate of
Alexandria. Nonetheless, the Enaton must have soon reverted to Miaphysitism. While the
50:. It lasted into the 15th century, but it was at its height between the 5th and 7th centuries. It takes its name, which means "ninth" (
1154:
645:
wrote in the 15th century that the monastery of Dayr al-Zujaj was also known as al-Hanatun and was dedicated to Bu Gurg the Elder,
601:
scholarship longer. It remained an active monastic centre until the 14th or 16th century. Its later history, however, is obscure.
632:
609:
628:
207:
As a result of its proximity to
Alexandria, the Enaton provided a much easier life than the monasteries of the desert. When
623:
orientation. In 1066, the hegumen John ibn Tirus was considered for the patriarchate. The monastery may have suffered from
555:
337:
245:
1031:
Ghattas, Mary (2017). "Toward the
Localization of the Hennaton Monastic Complex". In Gawdat Gabra; Hany N. Takla (eds.).
635:(1047–1077). The monastery had only about forty monks in residence during this period, a sharp decline from its heyday.
608:, had been an oblate serving at the tomb of Severus. He was buried in the same church as Severus. The next patriarch,
605:
524:
613:
590:
488:
founded a monastery there. The Greek version of her life, however, places her foundation in the
Pempton. Likewise,
200:
In the early 20th century, archaeologists identified funerary stelae and the ruins of a church near the village of
1013:
528:
366:) and decided to become a monk in the Dayr al-Zujaj. Sarapamon was a victim of the Diocletianic persecution. His
1149:
496:
328:
249:
303:
1022:
536:
489:
485:
457:
88:
594:
417:
307:
578:
352:
574:
424:
had originally been outside the Enaton. After it was joined to the Enaton community, Gaius was elected
563:
445:
286:). A community often took the name of a particularly revered superior, not necessarily its founder.
190:
1040:
465:
1077:
1060:
743:
461:
410:
378:
332:
456:
in
Palestine. Other Miaphysite and anti-Chalcedonian exiles from Palestine and Syria followed:
1017:
449:
274:
272:
had its own church and was under the rule of a superior with the title hegumen, cenobiarch or
181:. It probably had an anchorage on the seacoast and served as an access point to the lake. The
174:
91:. It probably served as an inn or hostel for pilgrims, tourists, merchants and their animals.
1052:
749:
476:
406:
1081:
1033:
Christianity and
Monasticism in Northern Egypt: Beni Suef, Giza, Cairo, and the Nile Delta
654:
620:
387:
112:
74:
604:
In 689, the hegumen John was considered for the patriarchate. The one actually elected,
1110:
212:
84:
51:
1128:
1064:
1043:(1937). "The Subscription in the Chester Beatty Manuscript of the Harclean Gospels".
541:
469:
453:
241:
208:
178:
148:
355:, records that the protagonist travelled from Palestine to be baptised by Patriarch
646:
567:
532:
436:
398:
565), takes the name "Monastery of the Fathers" to refer to the Enaton as a whole.
324:
597:
in 641. The Persian sack suggests that the Enaton was by that time quite wealthy.
331:
in late 3rd or early 4th century, but their reliability is questionable. The monk
185:
was densely populated in late antiquity, with monasteries also at the fifth mile (
61:
The Enaton was composed of distinct monasteries and cells which elected a common
508:
47:
1101:
Goehring, James E. (2018). "Ennaton, Monastery of". In Oliver Nicholson (ed.).
1056:
642:
444:
Under Longinus, the monks of the Enaton strongly opposed the decisions of the
69:. In its heyday, the district was international in character, comprising both
66:
55:
420:, in a sermon on Longinus' virtues, the monastery founded by Abba Gaius from
1073:
547:
504:
292:
264:
254:
167:
The exact location of the Enaton is not known, but it must have lain on the
1086:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition
554:
In 616, the Enaton was the site of a meeting between the Coptic patriarch
650:
531:(576–605)—resided at the Enaton. Prominent Chalcedonian visitors include
495:
In the 480s, some monks of the Enaton collaborated with the Chalcedonian
401:
A more reliable source for the early history of the Enaton is the Coptic
194:
144:
448:(451). Explicitly Miaphysite theology arrived at the Enaton in 453 with
341:, is said to have come to the Enaton in 308. He was still alive in 364.
169:
624:
479:'s biography of Severus of Antioch, there was a holy man named Salama (
421:
356:
201:
186:
79:
62:
17:
345:
223:
100:
435:
236:
70:
43:
612:, was also a monk from the Enaton. By the time of the Patriarch
535:, who stayed in the monastery of John the Eunuch, and Patriarch
500:
1026:. Vol. 3. New York: Macmillan Publishers. cols. 954b–958b.
327:
sources that push back the Enaton's history to the time of the
54:ἔνατον), from its location at the ninth milestone southwest of
1115:
The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection
370:, however, cannot be considered a completely reliable source.
570:
studies conducted at the Antonine monastery in the Enaton.
83:) for travellers from Alexandria to the monasteries of the
499:
east of Alexandria against a (by then illegal) shrine of
123:, was also used. In Arabic, it is also sometimes called
111:(Monastery of the Glass Maker), terms that derive from
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
782:
780:
778:
492:
founded a monastery that may have been in the Enaton.
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
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870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
1140:
Christian monasteries established in the 5th century
1105:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 538.
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
1035:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 37–.
719:Monastery of Tugara or Tougara (early 7th century)
440:Severus of Antioch, who was buried in the Enaton.
323:The origins of the Enaton are obscure. There are
234:The Enaton is described in the sources as both a
119:. A more faithful Coptic rendering of the Greek,
676:Monastery of the Antonines or Antonians (c. 615)
710:Monastery of Salama or of Salomon (551–c. 600)
8:
727:Three Cells of Abba Zenon (late 5th century)
693:Monastery of the Apa Gaius (mid-5th century)
405:, a biography of the 5th-century hegumens
1117:(Rev. ed.). Cistercian Publications.
472:(599). Severus was buried in the Enaton.
786:
511:and in 551 Justinian appointed the monk
452:and his followers, who were exiled from
351:, an account of the martyrdom of Bishop
159:, evidently a corruption of al-Hanatun.
65:(leader). Theologically, the Enaton was
1103:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
971:
774:
299:History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
1135:Oriental Orthodox monasteries in Egypt
906:
829:
335:, whose words are preserved with the
278:and usually referred to as "father" (
240:(that is, a collection of individual
147:translation of the Arabic version of
7:
995:
983:
581:of the Old Testament, respectively.
682:Monastery of the Epiphany (567–569)
222:), tried to enter the monastery of
679:Monastery of Dalamatia or Dalmatia
669:indicate uncertainty of location.
627:raids during the patriarchates of
115:ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲁⲛⲁⲃⲁϫⲏⲓⲛⲓ,
25:
696:Monastery of Abba John the Eunuch
589:The Enaton was sacked during the
517:Chalcedonian (Melkite) patriarchs
386:, however, is largely legendary.
262:, the most common type being the
103:, the Enaton became known as the
117:Pimonastirion ente nisanabajaini
1145:Destroyed Christian monasteries
361:
217:
131:(from Graeco-Coptic ⲡⲓϩⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲛ,
740:Gaius of Corinth (5th century)
551:) of the monastery of Tugara.
521:Miaphysite (Coptic) patriarchs
1:
756:
713:Monastery of the Holy Severus
577:of the New Testament and the
395:
338:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
77:. It was a waystation (Roman
42:) was a monastic district in
686:Monastery of Abba Eustathius
296:(steward). According to the
173:(strip of land) between the
1084:; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.).
560:Syriac patriarch of Antioch
519:resided at Alexandria, the
403:Life of Longinus and Lucius
268:(community of monks). Each
1171:
1045:Harvard Theological Review
705:Monastery of the Patrician
392:Lives of Peter and Photius
211:, daughter of the Emperor
143:, " of the Fathers"). The
1155:Medieval history of Egypt
1057:10.1017/S0017816000022203
673:Monastery of Abba Andreas
639:The Miracles of Abba Mina
593:in 619, but survived the
591:Persian conquest of Egypt
497:monastery of the Metanoia
27:Ancient Egyptian district
1072:Juckel, Andreas (2011).
690:Monastery of the Fathers
523:could not. At least two—
329:Diocletianic persecution
107:(Monastery of Glass) or
58:along the coastal road.
1023:The Coptic Encyclopedia
537:Sophronius of Jerusalem
486:Anastasia the Patrician
458:Julian of Halicarnassus
89:monastery of Saint Mina
716:Monastery of Stephanus
595:Arab conquest of Egypt
556:Anastasios Apozygarios
545:to Theonas, the head (
490:Caesaria the Patrician
484:her Syriac biography,
441:
1012:Gascou, Jean (1991).
765:John ibn Tirus (1066)
579:Syro-Hexaplar version
439:
357:Theonas of Alexandria
1041:Hatch, William H. P.
736:Dates are floruits.
700:Monastery of Maphora
665:Dates are floruits.
446:Council of Chalcedon
418:Basil of Oxyrhynchus
349:Passion of Sarapamon
155:calls the monastery
723:Monastery of Zaston
661:List of monasteries
539:, who dedicated an
308:Ethiopian Synaxaria
1080:; Aaron M. Butts;
1078:Sebastian P. Brock
744:Lucius the Ascetic
657:of Lake Mareotis.
462:Severus of Antioch
442:
353:Sarapamon of Nikiu
1018:Aziz Suryal Atiya
750:Longinus of Lycia
564:Athanasios Gamolo
450:Peter the Iberian
193:) and twentieth (
175:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
1162:
1118:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1068:
1036:
1027:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
910:
904:
833:
827:
790:
784:
758:
732:List of hegumens
631:(1032–1046) and
575:Ḥarqlean version
482:
477:Zacharias Rhetor
397:
365:
363:
221:
219:
21:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1150:Byzantine Egypt
1125:
1124:
1121:
1111:Ward, Benedicta
1109:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1088:. Gorgias Press
1082:George A. Kiraz
1071:
1039:
1030:
1011:
1007:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
978:
970:
913:
905:
836:
828:
793:
785:
776:
772:
734:
663:
655:desertification
587:
434:
388:John of Ephesus
360:
321:
316:
232:
216:
189:), eighteenth (
165:
127:(from Enaton),
97:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1113:, ed. (1984).
1107:
1098:
1069:
1051:(3): 141–155.
1037:
1028:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:
998:, p. 120.
988:
976:
911:
834:
791:
773:
771:
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767:
766:
763:
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753:
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708:
702:
697:
694:
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677:
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662:
659:
586:
583:
527:(567–576) and
466:Tumo of Ḥarqel
433:
430:
364: 282–300
320:
317:
315:
312:
231:
228:
220: 474–491
191:Oktokaidekaton
164:
161:
109:Dayr al-Zajjaj
96:
93:
85:Nitrian Desert
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1167:
1156:
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1054:
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1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:"Enaton, The"
1010:
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
989:
986:, p. 79.
985:
980:
977:
973:
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816:
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808:
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804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
787:Goehring 2018
783:
781:
779:
775:
769:
764:
761:
754:
751:
748:
746:(5th century)
745:
742:
739:
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737:
731:
726:
724:
721:
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712:
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675:
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640:
636:
634:
633:Christodoulos
630:
626:
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611:
607:
602:
598:
596:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
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561:
557:
552:
550:
549:
544:
543:
542:anacreonticon
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
478:
475:According to
473:
471:
470:Paul of Tella
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
438:
431:
429:
427:
423:
419:
416:According to
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184:
180:
179:Lake Mareotis
176:
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162:
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158:
154:
150:
149:John of Nikiu
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
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118:
114:
110:
106:
105:Dayr al-Zujaj
102:
94:
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72:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1122:
1114:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1085:
1074:"The Enaton"
1048:
1044:
1032:
1021:
1005:Bibliography
991:
979:
972:Ghattas 2017
735:
722:
704:
699:
685:
666:
664:
647:Saint George
638:
637:
618:
610:Alexander II
603:
599:
588:
572:
568:philological
553:
546:
540:
533:John Moschus
513:Apollinarius
509:Justinian I
494:
474:
443:
425:
415:
402:
400:
391:
383:
374:
372:
367:
348:
343:
336:
325:hagiographic
322:
304:Copto-Arabic
297:
291:
288:
283:
279:
273:
269:
263:
259:
253:
235:
233:
206:
199:
182:
168:
166:
156:
152:
140:
139:(from Greek
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
104:
98:
78:
60:
39:
35:
31:
29:
907:Gascou 1991
830:Juckel 2011
629:Shenouda II
379:Apa Kradjon
373:The Coptic
260:monasterion
255:monasterion
141:Ton Pateron
133:Pi-Hennaton
121:El-Ainatoun
48:Middle Ages
46:during the
1129:Categories
1092:23 October
762:John (689)
643:Al-Maqrizi
468:(599) and
246:hermitages
137:Tunbatarun
125:al-Hanatun
67:Miaphysite
56:Alexandria
1065:162340373
996:Ward 1984
984:Ward 1984
752:(451–457)
548:oikonomos
505:Menouthis
426:hegumenos
394:(written
390:, in his
384:Martyrdom
375:Martyrdom
293:oikonomos
270:koinobion
265:koinobion
230:Structure
202:Dikhaylah
153:Chronicle
129:Bihanatun
707:(c. 576)
653:and the
651:Crusades
621:Jacobite
606:Simeon I
558:and the
525:Peter IV
407:Longinus
333:Theodore
275:proestos
252:) and a
250:in caves
248:, often
195:Eikoston
163:Location
145:Ethiopic
87:and the
40:Hennaton
1020:(ed.).
667:Italics
625:Bedouin
614:Mark II
585:Decline
464:(518),
422:Corinth
368:Passion
319:Origins
314:History
209:Hilaria
187:Pempton
80:mutatio
75:Syriacs
63:hegumen
36:Ennaton
18:Ennaton
1063:
755:Mina (
529:Damian
454:Maiuma
432:Height
411:Lucius
346:Arabic
224:Scetis
183:taenia
170:taenia
157:Bantun
135:) and
113:Coptic
101:Arabic
32:Enaton
1076:. In
1061:S2CID
1016:. In
770:Notes
242:cells
237:laura
95:Names
71:Copts
52:Greek
44:Egypt
1094:2019
759:605)
501:Isis
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