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459:. Continental pins, so called for historical reasons, are used internationally by museums and collectors. They are made of stainless steel for preference, especially for very long-term storage of specimens, but blackened steel also is used. The pins have round plastic or solid metal heads. Continental pins are of a standard length (40mm), but they are available in thicknesses numbered 000 (the thinnest), 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (the thickest). This standard pin length is sufficient to accommodate an adequate number of data labels and to permit convenient handling with suitably curved
334:
488:. A point is a triangular piece of white card. Specially designed point punches permit the production of large numbers of points of standard sizes as required. To use a point, a pin is inserted through the broad base of the triangle. To mount the specimen, a tiny amount of glue is placed on the tip and applied to the right side of the insect's thorax. If appropriate the tip of the point may be bent at the necessary angle to hold the body of the specimen horizontal when the pin is vertical, with the long axis of the insect at right angles to the point.
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227:
512:. Insect pins without heads, 12mm long. They are used for double mounting (staging) very small insects. They also may be used profitably for staging insects of moderate size, where they have the advantage of being less damaging to the specimen. For best effect in that respect, the pin is inserted from below through the staging card, well into the thorax, but not all the way through. Alternatively the minuten pin can be inserted laterally into one side of the thorax, again preferably not all the way through.
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551:. When specimens are mounted on a smaller support which in turn is supported on a normal full-sized entomological pin, this is called staging. For example a specimen might be mounted on a minuten pin, typically being pinned on its side (lateral pinning) or upright (direct pinning) with the minuten pin driven into a stage, a strip of suitable material such as dried plant
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If insects are side-pinned by pins that pass right through the specimens, then the minuten should be at such an angle that different features are damaged on the opposite sides of the thorax. Competent staging protects small specimens and displays most features conveniently. The stage-pin then is easy
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They were once commonly made from brass or silver, but these would corrode from contact with insect bodies and are no longer commonly used. Instead they are nickel-plated brass, yielding "white" or "black" enamelling, or even made from stainless steel. Similarly, the smallest sizes from 000 to 1 used
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As standard, they are 38 millimetres (1.5 in) long and come in sizes from 000 (the smallest diameter), through 00, 0, and 1, to 8 (the largest diameter). The most generally useful size in entomology is size 2, which is 0.46 millimetres (0.018 in) in diameter, with sizes 1 and 3 being the
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It is better to pin an insect that has died recently enough that it has not dried yet, because it allows the thoracic muscles to adhere to the pin. Previously dried specimens must have glue applied to the pin location to avoid spinning. The large majority of the time insects are pinned vertically
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providing a stage. Typical sizes are 4.5 x 11 mm;5 x 14 mm;6 x 17 mm;10 x 21 mm;13 x 30 mm. Printed lines allow uniform placement of the entomological pin. Though this is convenient, it is dubious practice at best, because it obscures features that might be necessary for
289:
wings. Sweep nets are more rugged, and used to collect insects from grass and brush. A sweep net is swept back and forth through vegetation quickly turning the opening from side to side and following a shallow figure eight pattern. The collector walks forward while sweeping, and the net is moved
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are headless micropins that are generally only made of stainless steel, used for double-mounting, where the insect is mounted on the minuten, which is pinned to a small block of soft material, which is in turn mounted on a standard, larger, insect pin.
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through plants and grasses with force. Sweeping continues for some distance and then the net is flipped over, with the bag hanging over the rim, trapping the insects until they can be removed. Other types of nets used for collecting insects include
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When point-mounting small insects the insect is glued to a small piece of non acidic, triangle paper. When drying an insect the relaxed insect is spread out accordingly using pins on a foam block where it can dry and retain its positioning.
560:
The stage usually is positioned at such a distance up the vertical stage-pin, as to put the specimen at the same height as a directly pinned insect; this normally allows room for labels beneath and to allow handling of the specimen without
830:
Manoj K., Ranjan R., Sinha M. P., Dhan A., Naaz F., Khanum G., Rani K. A., Sharma S., Raipat B. S. (2022). A Review on Insect
Collection and Preservation Techniques. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 9(7): 233-239.
778:
Manoj K., Ranjan R., Sinha M. P., Dhan A., Naaz F., Khanum G., Rani K. A., Sharma S., Raipat B. S. (2022). A Review on Insect
Collection and Preservation Techniques. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 9(7): 233-239.
692:
Manoj K., Ranjan R., Sinha M. P., Dhan A., Naaz F., Khanum G., Rani K. A., Sharma S., Raipat B. S. (2022). A Review on Insect
Collection and Preservation Techniques. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 9(7): 233-239.
360:
When pinning insects with wings, it is important to display them properly: Lepidoptera wings should always be spread. When drying insects with wings such as butterflies, setting paper is used to position the wings.
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Directly-pinned
Diptera. Though most of these specimens are at the correct height, some have been pinned incorrectly by placing the pin on the centre line, damaging characters on both sides of the thorax.
349:
There are several different preservation methods that are used; some of which include: dried preservation (pinning), liquid preservation, or slide mounts. Another (now mostly historical) approach is
1107:
How to know the immature insects; an illustrated key for identifying the orders and families of many of the immature insects with suggestions for collecting, rearing and studying them, by H. F. Chu.
735:
How to know the immature insects; an illustrated key for identifying the orders and families of many of the immature insects with suggestions for collecting, rearing and studying them, by H. F. Chu.
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taxonomic or morphological studies. In any case, at the very least the glue should be sufficiently conveniently soluble to be removed with solvents when necessary. With such considerations in mind,
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through their mesothorax and slightly off-center to the right of the mid-line. The pin should sit with 1/4 of the pin above the insect as to allow enough room for labels to be readable underneath.
181:
where they are maintained and studied by specialists. Many college courses require students to form small collections. There are also amateur entomologists and collectors who keep collections.
702:
Martin, J.E.H. 1977. Collecting, preparing and preserving insects, mites, and spiders. The
Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 1. Publ. 1643, Res. Br., Canada Dep. Agric., Ottawa, ON.
266:, some of which are baited with small bits of sweet foods (such as honey). Entomologists collecting nocturnal insects (especially moths) during faunistic survey studies might utilize
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or plastic foam supported in a horizontal position on the main entomological pin; as a rule a number 3 pin is convenient. Other forms of stage include card mounts and point mounts.
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As an exception to this standard, there also are pins of size 7, extra-long and very strong pins for very large beetles; they are 52mm long and thicker than size 6 pins.
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1139:
How to make an insect collection; containing suggestions and hints designed to aid the beginning and less advanced collector (Wards
Natural Science Establishment 1945)
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374:
When labeling insects the labels are presented in this order top down: Locality, additional locality/voucher label/accession numbers, insect identification.
791:"How to Make an Awesome Insect Collection: Purdue: entomology: insect: collect: supplies: specimen: mounting: identifying: displaying: preserve: labels"
586:
A beetle collection becomes a source of fascination for a mentally disturbed woman in
Chapter XI of MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel
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often have their left wings spread. In scientific collections, the insect's wings, legs, and antenna are tucked underneath it to conserve space.
703:
1128:
1096:
How to know the insects; an illustrated key to the more common families of insects, with suggestions for collecting, mounting and studying them
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are used to collect flying insects. The bag of a butterfly net is generally constructed from a lightweight mesh to minimize damage to delicate
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Part of a beetle collection. The insects are fixed in place by entomological pins which allow handling and which also pierce the data label
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169:. Most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of minute morphological characters, so
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of a specimen. The insects are pinned vertically through the thorax with a suitably sized pin, but by convention they are
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353:, where the innards were removed and the skin dried. Pinning is by far the most common form of insect preservation.
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V.M. Uys & R.P. Urban (Eds.): "How to
Collect and Preserve Insects and Arachnids". Pretoria 2006. 112 p.
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to be impractical for mounting until plastic and polyethylene became commonly used for pinning bases.
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583:'s childhood hobby of insect collecting is the inspiration behind the popular video game series.
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Picture guide series for college students. Out of date, but very useful for beginners:
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Bulletin (United States
National Museum) no. 39, pt. F. Washington,Govt. Printing Off.
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Once collected, insects must be killed before they damage themselves trying to escape.
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pinned on the midline, but to the right, so as to leave at least one side undamaged.
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often make and maintain insect collections. Very large collections are preserved in
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Direct pinning is the insertion of an entomological pin directly through the
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are used on hard-bodied insects. Soft-bodied insects, such as those in the
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999:
Banks, Nathan (1909). "Directions for
Collecting and Preserving Insects".
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Arthropod Collection and Identification: Laboratory and Field Techniques
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Arthropod Collection and Identification: Laboratory and Field Techniques
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to manipulate when moving the specimen and the stage absorbs vibrations.
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1003:. No. 67. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum.
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Historically, insect collecting has been widespread and was in the
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1129:
Collecting and Preserving Insects and Mites: Tools and Techniques
1048:
Ane's Encyclopedic Dictionary of General & Applied Entomology
1029:
Ane's Encyclopedic Dictionary of General & Applied Entomology
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552:
1153:
1098:. His Pictured-key nature series Mt. Pleasant, Ia.,The author
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36:
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A hoverfly double-mounted with a minuten pin and a size 3 pin
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1877 illustration showing a variety of collection techniques
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Pictured key nature series Dubuque, Iowa,W. C. Brown Co.
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Pictured key nature series Dubuque, Iowa,W. C. Brown Co.
426:, which are 10–15 millimetres (0.39–0.59 in) long.
526:) are glued to rectangular pieces of acid free card or
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Active capture of insects often involves using nets.
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Pokémon inspired from creator’s bug collection hobby
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or tweezers, referred to as 'entomological forceps'.
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Insects may be passively caught using traps such as
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1135:Comprehensive, detailed download. Advanced level.
1479:Conservation and restoration of insect specimens
719:Directions for collecting and preserving insects
192:. Insect collecting has left traces in European
18:Entomological equipment for mounting and storage
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208:)). The practice is particularly common among
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8:
1046:Dhooria, Manjit S. (2009b). "Minuten pins".
1065:Gibb, Timothy J.; Oseto, Christian (2010).
1027:Dhooria, Manjit S. (2009a). "Insect pins".
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1158:
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750:Gibb, Timothy J; Oseto, Christian (2006).
1008:Denham, Carolyn; Field, Roderick (2014).
890:
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672:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
30:For the scientific study of insects, see
902:
866:
635:This article includes a list of general
685:
496:Sciapus nervosus glued to a card point
1563:Insect-related occupations or hobbies
1050:. Springer Science + Business Media.
1031:. Springer Science + Business Media.
878:
7:
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535:is about as good an adhesive as any.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
641:it lacks sufficient corresponding
435:Pinning of entomological specimens
345:Insect pinning label order diagram
25:
1536:
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1010:Merchant & Mills Sewing Book
626:
411:for mounting insect specimens.
41:
52:needs additional citations for
1123:Capture methods and techniques
954:"Pinning and Labeling Insects"
504:Diptera mounted on card points
196:, literature and songs (e.g.,
1:
1102:Excellent college level guide
165:for scientific study or as a
952:Rondon, Sylvia; Corp, Mary.
157:refers to the collection of
216:Capture and kill techniques
188:a very popular educational
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789:Department of Entomology.
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219:
29:
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1094:Harry Edwin Jaques, 1941
963:. Oregon State University
915:Common, I. F. B. (1990).
337:Equipment for preparation
264:flight interception traps
1311:Flight interception trap
321:in a vial containing an
206:The Hunt for Butterflies
1469:Bait (luring substance)
1193:Animal trapping methods
1012:. Collins & Brown.
715:Charles Valentine Riley
656:more precise citations.
306:and to collect larvae.
202:La chasse aux papillons
175:natural history museums
921:. BRILL. p. 473.
612:Timeline of entomology
544:
518:. Insects (especially
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1246:Gun-powered mousetrap
1111:Full text online here
1100:Full text online here
891:Gibb & Oseto 2010
848:Gibb & Oseto 2010
739:Full text online here
723:Full text online here
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351:caterpillar inflation
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317:stage, are generally
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220:Further information:
142:
1545:at Wikimedia Commons
1180:Wildlife and animal
329:Storage and curation
325:and water solution.
242:for collecting moths
61:improve this article
1514:Professional hunter
1218:Terrestrial animals
240:Robinson light trap
76:"Insect collecting"
1125:Intermediate level
1105:Hongfu, Zhu, 1949
1069:. Academic Press.
918:Moths of Australia
733:Hongfu, Zhu, 1949
602:Identification key
570:In popular culture
545:
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457:Entomological pins
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415:next most useful.
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300:Leaf litter sieves
283:Aerial insect nets
270:traps such as the
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146:collection at the
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1541:Media related to
1299:and invertebrates
1203:Insect collecting
928:978-90-04-09227-3
893:, pp. 55–56.
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268:ultraviolet light
155:Insect collecting
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16:(Redirected from
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758:. p. 67.
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1443:Lobster trap
1438:Fishing weir
1316:Malaise trap
1278:Trapping pit
1263:Sherman trap
1258:Pitfall trap
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59:Please help
54:verification
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1474:Camera trap
1418:Fish corral
1398:Barrier net
1306:Bottle trap
992:Works cited
654:introducing
607:Killing jar
405:Insect pins
384:Insect pins
378:Insect pins
222:Insect trap
150:, Australia
1568:Collecting
1557:Categories
1494:Booby trap
1428:Fish wheel
1375:Rocket net
1350:Bal-chatri
1268:Timms trap
984:, inshorts
879:Banks 1909
765:0123695457
662:April 2009
637:references
618:References
520:Coleoptera
276:Aspirators
163:arthropods
161:and other
117:March 2018
87:newspapers
32:Entomology
1521:Fur trade
1423:Fish nest
1408:Crab trap
1393:Almadraba
1360:Harp trap
1321:Moth trap
1241:Mousetrap
524:Hemiptera
424:micropins
287:butterfly
1504:Hand net
1489:Trapline
1453:Trabucco
1413:Eel buck
1370:Mist net
1355:Birdlime
1343:and bats
1326:Pan trap
1253:Rat trap
1226:Deadfall
1182:trapping
1001:Bulletin
596:See also
592:(1955).
579:creator
428:minutens
212:youths.
210:Japanese
1526:Mantrap
1509:Hunting
1385:Fishing
1297:Insects
967:14 June
934:14 June
717:, 1892
650:improve
576:Pokémon
561:damage.
549:Staging
516:Carding
461:forceps
323:ethanol
248:funnels
159:insects
101:scholar
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1341:Birds
1273:Snare
957:(PDF)
486:Point
319:fixed
262:, or
190:hobby
167:hobby
108:JSTOR
94:books
27:Hobby
1403:Corf
1231:Cage
1071:ISBN
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969:2022
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553:pith
522:and
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1133:PDF
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