51:
866:
of "economic colonisation" for banning palm oil in biofuels by 2020, in order to halt deforestation. A representative of FELDA said: "It's the same colonial attitudes, the white man imposing their rule on us from afar." In 2022, Malaysia threatened to stop the export of palm oil to EU as response to
982:
as the key to lifting entire populations out of poverty. Developing nations, led by Brazil, India and
Singapore, opposed entangling global trade with pollution controls in 1994, calling them hidden protectionism, which will keep jobs in the developed countries and deprive poor nations of their
1033:, a long-standing critic of environmentalism, wrote that "Shellenberger makes a persuasive case, lucidly blending research data and policy analysis with a history of the green movement and vignettes of people in poor countries suffering the consequences of 'environmental colonialism.'"
857:
in 1999. Malaysia's Prime
Minister, Mahathir Mohamed, opposed the boycotts, arguing that "we are not exploiting the forests for no good reason. We need money. We have to export wood because we need the foreign exchange without which we cannot buy what we want".
1158:
833:
in 2003. Crosby's eco-imperialism is interference with a degrading effect on the environment of targeted countries, while
Driessen's eco-imperialism is interference with a degrading effect on the economy in the name of environmental improvement.
983:
competitive advantages. The agenda of environmentalist NGOs is called neo-colonialism and eco-imperialism in 2022 by Japan, Peru, South Africa, Kenya and
Bolivia. Eco-imperialism functions as a derogatory epithet.
1015:
846:
in 1999, media presented environmentalism as a new form of imperialism. The rich, developed countries impose their environmental preferences and priorities on the developing countries.
994:
allocated responsibility for global warming to developing countries. Agarwal considered this study to be flawed, politically motivated, and unjust, and saw it more as exacerbating the
1928:
Pellegrini, Lorenzo; Arsel, Murat; Falconí, Fander; Roldan, Muradia (2013). "A New
Conservation and Development Policy: Exploring the Tensions of the Yasuní ITT Initiative".
2018:
874:
as eco-imperialism. Back then, greenhouse tariffs met strong opposition from developing countries such as India and China, since these tariffs would impact their exports.
949:
795:
since 1989. It was feared that the however well-intentioned environmental protection programs could be perceived as meddlesome and imperialistic. The establishment of
2469:
284:
2891:
1542:
1726:
1856:
1852:
1567:
2231:
700:
2070:
888:
by the words "The whaling issue is seen as a symbol of a larger issue sometimes in Japan... You might have heard the word 'eco-imperialism'".
2464:
2103:
1683:
1341:
1134:
279:
2595:
412:
2474:
1749:
1700:
1627:"Governing Biofuels: A Principal-Agent Analysis of the European Union Biofuels Certification Regime and the Clean Development Mechanism"
1072:
289:
881:
promotes certain sustainable fuels. However, this regulation extends beyond EU's jurisdistion and raises the issue of eco-imperialism.
859:
2600:
2545:
1877:
1261:
417:
362:
1394:
2043:
1181:
899:. If the coal plant was not built, there would have been significant limitations placed on industrial development in the country.
1973:
885:
1470:"Palm oil intensification and expansion in Indonesia and Malaysia: Environmental and socio-political factors influencing policy"
2786:
1515:
987:
603:
2896:
2791:
2454:
2171:
953:
608:
269:
2333:
995:
818:
728:) is a derogatory epithet alluding to what is perceived as a Western strategy to influence the internal affairs of mostly
146:
2630:
2610:
2224:
693:
447:
427:
2338:
151:
884:
In 2014, Joji
Morishita, a Japanese commissioner, expressed his concerns about calls of sustainable whaling from the
1159:"Green imperialism : colonial expansion, tropical island Edens, and the origins of environmentalism, 1600-1860"
2281:
1424:
Bryant, Bill (1999). "Bully's Folly: Imposing Our Ways on Others Could Lead to More
Environmental Harm, Not Less".
90:
50:
2881:
2838:
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2520:
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2256:
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686:
650:
640:
533:
322:
34:
2664:
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2620:
2590:
1469:
969:
810:
774:
Green
Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism 1600–1860
481:
442:
437:
407:
1776:
2843:
2676:
2652:
2615:
2605:
2540:
1062:
1020:
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showed that 66% of the participants did not agree to perceive debt-for-nature swaps as eco-colonialism.
745:
660:
493:
469:
432:
422:
357:
1596:
1208:"Debt-for-Nature Swaps: Environmental Colonialism or a Way Out from the Debt Crisis that Makes Sense?"
1097:
2876:
2721:
2635:
2555:
2459:
2423:
2307:
1948:"The Ouarzazate solar plant in Morocco: Triumphal 'Green' capitalism and the privatization of nature"
1893:
McAfee, Kathleen (April 1999). "Selling Nature to save It? Biodiversity and Green
Developmentalism".
1067:
1042:
892:
792:
538:
452:
372:
274:
236:
118:
1098:"Reformism Doomed to Failure? A Critical Look at the Strategy Promoted by the Brundtland Commission"
2773:
2585:
2484:
2363:
2328:
1047:
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as an example of such green grabbing, which was built without informing surrounding communities on
590:
402:
299:
176:
141:
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645:
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221:
70:
1675:
Climate change and sustainable development: Ethical perspectives on land use and food production
2000:"A NEW TYPE OF IMPERIALISM: THE GLOBAL NORTH'S WEAPON OF MASS INTERVENTION AND ECO-IMPERIALISM"
974:
Critical voices depreciate environmentalism as an excuse for hindering economic development of
2798:
2686:
2099:
1873:
1825:
1679:
1646:
1489:
1337:
1304:
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843:
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in Africa has in some cases led to the impoverishment and displacement of local populations.
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2515:
2418:
2398:
2131:
1902:
1865:
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1638:
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1219:
998:. In his 1991 paper, he called this an example of environmental colonialism and blamed U.S.
854:
733:
625:
464:
332:
231:
211:
920:
policy, which should protect
American jobs from competition by "cheap carbon-dirty goods".
2746:
2530:
2525:
2403:
2388:
1426:
1052:
999:
933:
928:
Eco-imperialism is sometimes described as a combination of global environmental and broad
822:
563:
347:
342:
216:
201:
2136:
849:
Several European governments announced boycotts of Malaysian timber due to unsustainable
780:
tropical islands on European data-driven scientists resulting in early environmentalism.
17:
2123:
1805:
1543:"Exports face clogs with rules in China and green 'imperialism' from the European Union"
2855:
2813:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2701:
2535:
2368:
2302:
2266:
2240:
2093:
945:
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352:
181:
113:
75:
42:
1947:
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2691:
2580:
2550:
2479:
2438:
2428:
2393:
2358:
1999:
1914:
1837:
1501:
1126:
Green Imperialism: A Prescription for Misery and War in the World's Poorest Countries
917:
871:
814:
769:
766:
Green Imperialism: A Prescription for Misery and War in the World's Poorest Countries
620:
578:
508:
397:
367:
294:
251:
241:
206:
171:
1212:
Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America
2766:
2751:
2696:
2565:
2343:
1077:
583:
568:
513:
382:
156:
1673:
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196:
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123:
80:
2570:
2510:
2413:
2378:
2200:
2152:
1441:
Mahathir bin Mohamed, Datuk Seri (1999). "The Green Flag of Eco-Imperialism".
1368:
1057:
929:
761:
387:
327:
226:
191:
1829:
1650:
1493:
1308:
1233:
2726:
2071:"Environmental Imperialism: Theories of Governance and Resistance Hugh Dyer"
1454:
903:
543:
891:
The approval of the World Bank loan of $ 3.05bn (£2.4bn loan) for 4,764 MW
1869:
1701:"Japanese Official: It's 'Eco-Imperialism' To Tell Us We Can't Eat Whales"
1568:"Indonesia, Malaysia to send palm oil envoys to EU over deforestation law"
1468:
Varkkey, Helena; Tyson, Adam; Choiruzzad, Shofwan Al Banna (1 July 2018).
2706:
2348:
2297:
2153:"Global warming in an unequal world: a case of environmental colonialism"
2124:"Global Warming in an Unequal World: A Case of Environmental Colonialism"
1642:
1395:"Beyond Eco-Imperialism: An Environmental Justice Critique of Free Trade"
523:
161:
108:
1821:
1658:
1626:
1316:
1292:
1241:
957:
777:
2575:
1266:
North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation
392:
2128:
India in a Warming World: Integrating Climate Change and Development
1906:
978:. Critics see alternative energy sources as far from realistic, and
1858:
Routledge International Handbook of Social and Environmental Change
908:"Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad"
1855:. In Lockie, Stewart; Sonnenfeld, David A; Fisher, Dana R (eds.).
2209:
2213:
2044:"Bolivia's Morales pushes controversial TIPNIS highway forward"
932:
agendas. Eco-imperialism is perceived to result in a policy of
1182:"Selective memories: The historical roots of environmentalism"
1206:
Bedarff, Hildegard; Holznagel, Bernd; Jakobeit, Cord (1989).
895:
drew criticism for supporting increased global emissions of
1333:
The Global Casino: An Introduction to Environmental Issues
1293:"Environmental Colonialism: "Saving" Africa from Africans"
877:
The biofuel transnational meta-standard regulation of the
1516:"In the world of sustainability, colonialism is not dead"
1016:
Apocalypse Never: Why Environmental Alarmism Hurts Us All
1013:
Environmental colonialism became a subject in the book
2172:"'Apocalypse Never' Review: False Gods for Lost Souls"
1002:
for global warming. However, a 1990s worldwide survey
1750:"The fight against eco-imperialism | Andrew Chambers"
1806:"Eco-imperialism: governance, resistance, hierarchy"
768:. Nonetheless, the same term is used differently in
2498:
2447:
2321:
2290:
2249:
1974:"Green Hydrogen: The new scramble for North Africa"
960:land and will export some of the energy to Europe.
2201:The West's Eco-Imperialism Against the Third World
2122:Agarwal, Anil; Narain, Sunita (21 November 2019).
1810:Journal of International Relations and Development
1672:Potthast, Thomas; Meisch, Simon (13 August 2012).
1597:"Germany calls carbon tariffs "eco-imperialism""
1255:
1253:
1251:
950:Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt
764:used the term with the same meaning in his book
2470:Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
285:Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
2225:
2092:Institute, World Resources (7 January 1990).
1941:
1939:
1895:Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
1362:
1360:
694:
8:
1727:"South Africa Wins $ 3.75 Billion Coal Loan"
1620:
1618:
936:of all resources of earth. This tendency of
1853:"Eco-imperialism and environmental justice"
1744:
1742:
1740:
870:In 2009, Germany called French proposal of
2232:
2218:
2210:
2151:Agarwal, A.; Narain, S. (1 January 1991).
2117:
2115:
1591:
1589:
1262:"The Feasibility of Debt-For-Nature Swaps"
776:. In Grove's book, it means the impact of
701:
687:
29:
2135:
2019:"POOR NATIONS RESIST TOUGHER TRADE RULES"
1777:"Biden eyes new era of green imperialism"
1678:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1369:"THE INVERSION OF ECOLOGICAL IMPERIALISM"
1223:
940:for environmental goals is also known as
1799:
1797:
970:Environmental movement § Criticisms
831:Eco-Imperialism: Green Power Black Death
1088:
41:
2892:International sustainable development
2465:Federation of Green Parties of Africa
1775:Tennenbaum, Jonathan (2 March 2021).
809:) was originally an abbreviation for
280:Federation of Green Parties of Africa
7:
2475:Federation of Young European Greens
2017:Drozdiak, William (14 April 1994).
1946:Hamouchene, Hamza (30 April 2023).
1541:Connor, Joseph O' (29 March 2023).
1180:Mollins, Julie (22 February 2021).
1073:Greenpeace Arctic Sunrise ship case
290:Federation of Young European Greens
2137:10.1093/oso/9780199498734.003.0005
916:as green imperialism and a hidden
867:new regulations on deforestation.
860:Federal Land Development Authority
25:
1004:"Bicycles, Yes — Cheap Shoes, No"
2783:List of environmental incidents
1998:Soomin, L.; Shirley, S. (2019).
886:International Whaling Commission
744:The skeptical perception of the
600:List of environmental incidents
49:
783:The first mentions of the term
2455:Asia Pacific Greens Federation
2170:Tierney, John (21 June 2020).
954:Ouarzazate Solar Power Station
270:Asia Pacific Greens Federation
1:
2334:Bright green environmentalism
1725:Friedman, Lisa (2010-04-09).
1430:. SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER.
964:Political debates and surveys
147:Bright green environmentalism
2546:Corporate political activism
1631:Journal of Environmental Law
1486:10.1016/j.forpol.2018.05.002
1399:Denver University Law Review
1393:Gonzalez, Carmen G. (2001).
1225:10.5771/0506-7286-1989-4-445
1161:. Cambridge University Press
1096:Bergesen, Helge Ole (1988).
791:appeared in connection with
363:Corporate political activism
2339:Criticisms of globalization
2048:Mongabay Environmental News
1804:Dyer, Hugh (1 April 2011).
1474:Forest Policy and Economics
942:"selling nature to save it"
152:Criticisms of globalization
2913:
2282:Politics of climate change
1443:New Perspectives Quarterly
1291:Nelson, Robert H. (2003).
967:
91:Politics of climate change
2521:Climate change mitigation
2257:Climate change litigation
1930:CoCoon-NEBE Working Paper
992:World Resources Institute
938:commodification of nature
924:Relation to neoliberalism
851:deforestation in Malaysia
825:after the publication of
819:his book of the same name
785:environmental colonialism
752:elites was summarized as
726:environmental imperialism
338:Climate change mitigation
66:Climate change litigation
18:Environmental colonialism
2658:Environmental skepticism
2561:Ecological modernization
2490:World Ecological Parties
1330:Middleton, Nick (2019).
1260:Dillon, Nina M. (1991).
1102:International Challenges
813:, a concept laid out by
475:Environmental skepticism
378:Ecological modernization
305:World Ecological Parties
2506:Carbon fee and dividend
2177:The Wall Street Journal
2095:World Resources 1990-91
1455:10.1111/0893-7850.00214
1157:Grove, Richard (1995).
1129:. Social Affairs Unit.
1026:The Wall Street Journal
853:as in a publication by
323:Carbon fee and dividend
2596:effects of agriculture
1297:The Independent Review
990:, a 1990 study by the
811:ecological imperialism
413:effects of agriculture
2897:Political pejoratives
2677:Fossil fuel phase-out
2541:Conservation movement
2073:. University of Leeds
1870:10.4324/9780203814550
1851:Nygren, Anja (2013).
1699:Lies, Elaine (2014).
1063:Environmental justice
1021:Michael Shellenberger
793:debt-for-nature swaps
494:Fossil fuel phase-out
358:Conservation movement
2556:Ecological economics
2460:European Green Party
2424:Green libertarianism
2308:Grassroots democracy
1625:Lin, Jolene (2012).
1123:Lal, Deepak (1999).
1068:Environmental racism
1043:Cultural imperialism
976:developing countries
893:Medupi Power Station
862:(FELDA) accused the
373:Ecological economics
275:European Green Party
237:Green libertarianism
119:Grassroots democracy
27:Political phenomenon
2757:transport hierarchy
2601:effects of aviation
2485:Global Young Greens
2364:Ecoauthoritarianism
2329:Alter-globalization
2069:Dyer, Hugh (2005).
2004:Konfrontasi Journal
1972:Hamouchene, Hamza.
1822:10.1057/jird.2011.2
1048:Ecoauthoritarianism
823:changed its meaning
574:transport hierarchy
418:effects of aviation
300:Global Young Greens
177:Ecoauthoritarianism
142:Alter-globalization
2779:Low-carbon economy
2409:Green conservatism
2262:Fossil fuels lobby
1731:The New York Times
1643:10.1093/jel/eqr025
1186:CIFOR Forests News
996:North–south divide
760:in 1988. In 1999,
758:Helge Ole Bergesen
730:developing nations
596:Low-carbon economy
222:Green conservatism
71:Fossil fuels lobby
2864:
2863:
2799:Political ecology
2717:industrial policy
2298:Ecological wisdom
2105:978-0-19-506229-8
1978:www.aljazeera.com
1685:978-90-8686-753-0
1574:. 9 February 2023
1343:978-1-138-06784-4
1136:978-0-907631-87-3
844:Battle of Seattle
754:green imperialism
714:Green imperialism
711:
710:
616:Political ecology
534:industrial policy
109:Ecological wisdom
16:(Redirected from
2904:
2882:Environmentalism
2809:Renewable energy
2648:Environmentalism
2516:Circular economy
2419:Green liberalism
2399:Environmentalism
2243:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2050:. 18 August 2015
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1962:
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1705:Business Insider
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1367:DOUBLEDEE, S.D.
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1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1104:. Bd. 8, Ausg. 2
1093:
910:is described by
897:greenhouse gases
855:Mahathir Mohamad
838:Uses of the term
734:environmentalism
703:
696:
689:
626:Renewable energy
465:Environmentalism
333:Circular economy
232:Green liberalism
212:Environmentalism
53:
30:
21:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2531:Climate justice
2526:Climate finance
2494:
2443:
2404:Green anarchism
2389:Eco-nationalism
2317:
2286:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2023:Washington Post
2016:
2015:
2011:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1907:10.1068/d170133
1892:
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1887:
1880:
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1849:
1845:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1774:
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1769:
1759:
1757:
1756:. 11 April 2010
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1427:Financial Times
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1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1053:Ecological debt
1039:
1000:overconsumption
972:
966:
934:commodification
926:
902:US president's
840:
803:Eco-imperialism
789:eco-colonialism
742:
732:in the name of
722:eco-colonialism
718:eco-imperialism
707:
678:
677:
348:Climate justice
343:Climate finance
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2566:Ecomodernism
2344:Deep ecology
2322:Perspectives
2291:Four pillars
2181:. Retrieved
2175:
2165:
2156:
2146:
2127:
2094:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2047:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:
2012:
2003:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:
1929:
1923:
1898:
1894:
1888:
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1813:
1809:
1784:. Retrieved
1780:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the Guardian
1753:
1730:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1694:
1674:
1667:
1637:(1): 43–73.
1634:
1630:
1605:. Retrieved
1600:
1576:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:Eco-Business
1519:
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1463:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1425:
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1402:
1398:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1373:Dissertation
1372:
1347:. Retrieved
1332:
1325:
1303:(1): 65–86.
1300:
1296:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1269:
1265:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1125:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1091:
1078:White savior
1031:John Tierney
1024:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
988:Anil Agarwal
985:
980:fossil fuels
973:
941:
927:
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773:
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743:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:
528:
383:Ecomodernism
157:Deep ecology
136:Perspectives
103:Four pillars
2877:Imperialism
2851:War on coal
2834:engineering
2824:development
2814:Sustainable
2712:imperialism
2687:development
2665:Stewardship
2384:Ecofeminism
2374:Ecocentrism
2354:Dirty hands
2313:Nonviolence
2272:Green party
2250:Core topics
1480:: 148–159.
913:Asian Times
842:During the
750:Third World
668:War on coal
651:engineering
641:development
631:Sustainable
529:imperialism
504:development
482:Stewardship
197:Ecofeminism
187:Ecocentrism
167:Dirty hands
124:Nonviolence
81:Green party
60:Core topics
2871:Categories
2653:opposition
2641:technology
2571:Eco-tariff
2511:Carbon tax
2414:Green left
2379:Ecofascism
2183:7 February
1781:Asia Times
1449:(2): 8–9.
1084:References
1058:Ecofascism
1008:WorldPaper
968:See also:
930:neoliberal
762:Deepak Lal
746:Brundtland
470:opposition
458:technology
388:Eco-tariff
328:Carbon tax
227:Green left
192:Ecofascism
2844:transport
2787:conflicts
2077:31 August
2054:28 August
2028:31 August
1915:143989743
1838:144292500
1830:1581-1980
1760:14 August
1710:14 August
1651:0952-8873
1607:14 August
1502:158808362
1494:1389-9341
1409:14 August
1378:14 August
1349:14 August
1309:1086-1653
1276:28 August
1234:0506-7286
1191:16 August
1165:14 August
1142:16 August
1108:16 August
952:mentions
904:Joe Biden
740:Etymology
661:transport
604:conflicts
2792:killings
2774:Localism
2742:retrofit
2737:recovery
2732:New Deal
2707:greening
2702:grabbing
2670:in music
2626:planning
2621:movement
2591:conflict
2349:Degrowth
1983:30 April
1957:30 April
1786:22 April
1659:26168413
1578:22 April
1552:22 April
1526:22 April
1317:24562597
1242:43109906
1037:See also
609:killings
591:Localism
559:retrofit
554:recovery
549:New Deal
524:greening
519:grabbing
487:in music
443:planning
438:movement
408:conflict
162:Degrowth
35:a series
33:Part of
2767:washing
2762:vehicle
2692:economy
2616:justice
2606:finance
1601:Reuters
1572:Reuters
958:pasture
778:utopian
584:washing
579:vehicle
509:economy
433:justice
423:finance
2829:energy
2819:design
2752:theory
2697:growth
2636:racism
2611:issues
2576:Ecotax
2102:
1913:
1876:
1836:
1828:
1682:
1657:
1649:
1522:. 2019
1500:
1492:
1340:
1315:
1307:
1240:
1232:
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