501:
144:
4071:
4793:
2275:
3231:
123:
461:
is not shown. The
Simians originated in Asia while the crown simians were in Afro-Arabia. It is indicated approximately how many million years ago (Mya) the clades diverged into newer clades. In this tree, Eosimiidae as conventionally defined, shown as italic, is a paraphyletic, 'grade' or stem group
326:
When they were discovered, the possibility that
Eosimians were outside and ancestral to Simians was considered (Culotta 1992), but subsequent work showed them to be Simians (Kay et al. 1997, Ross et al. 1998). Some scholars continue to question whether the eosimiids are simians, as they seem closer
331:- Gunnell and Miller (2001), for instance, found that eosimiid morphology didn't match up to anthropoid (simian) morphology. However, most experts now place Eosimians as stem simians - Williams, Kay and Kirk (2010) note this is because more and more evidence points in that direction.
466:
the 'higher' monkeys are included. The
Ekgmowechashaladea are usually placed in Tarsiiformes, in which case Eosimiidae may become equivalent to the Simians. Alternatively, with Phileosimias and Amphipithecidae placed outside of an Eosimiidae
1206:
Marivaux, Laurent; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Baqri, Syed
Rafiqul Hassan; Benammi, Mouloud; Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Crochet, Jean-Yves; Franceschi, Dario de; Iqbal, Nayyer; Jaeger, Jean-Jacques (2005-06-14).
417:
are also early simians, and that the more modern simians may have emerged as their sister group. Williams, Kay and Kirk (2010) note that both
Gunnell et al. (2008) and Kay et al. (2009) argue that
462:
in this assessment. Paraphyletic groupings are problematic, as one can not talk precisely about their phylogenic relationships, their characteristic traits and literal extinction.
500:
1321:
Ryan, Timothy M.; Silcox, Mary T.; Walker, Alan; Mao, Xianyun; Begun, David R.; Benefit, Brenda R.; Gingerich, Philip D.; Köhler, Meike; Kordos, László (2012-09-07).
4871:
1483:
Beard KC, Wang J (Apr 2004). "The eosimiid primates (Anthropoidea) of the Heti
Formation, Yuanqu Basin, Shanxi and Henan Provinces, People's Republic of China".
1017:
1274:
Seiffert, Erik R.; Boyer, Doug M.; Fleagle, John G.; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Heesy, Christopher P.; Perry, Jonathan M. G.; Sallam, Hesham M. (2017-04-10).
4858:
1387:
1378:
Hartwig, W. (2011). "Chapter 3: Primate evolution". In
Campbell, C. J.; Fuentes, A.; MacKinnon, K. C.; Bearder, S. K.; Stumpf, R. M (eds.).
4945:
1570:
334:
Williams, Kay and Kirk note that (as at late 2009), accounting for all proposed species, there would be 11 species in total in 6 genera (
1046:
4935:
1414:
1404:
457:
Below is a phylogenic tree with some of the extinct simian species with the more modern species emerging within the
Eosimiidae.
4940:
1209:"Anthropoid primates from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills): Data on early anthropoid evolution and biogeography"
1142:"Anthropoid primates from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills): Data on early anthropoid evolution and biogeography"
4930:
2983:
143:
992:
4950:
4070:
4925:
1563:
4792:
3828:
3646:
3053:
865:
429:
4813:
3107:
2811:
2192:
567:
4897:
3893:
3577:
3519:
3457:
526:
2274:
4845:
4297:
3991:
3484:
3450:
3386:
3127:
2875:
2613:
2490:
2438:
1220:
1155:
1094:
965:
742:
689:
393:
358:
275:
233:
4008:
3616:
3230:
2558:
2202:
2092:
1960:
1826:
1690:
4570:
3951:
3666:
3512:
3498:
3329:
3148:
3093:
2504:
2468:
2348:
2083:
1953:
1904:
1784:
1556:
3873:
3601:
2831:
2660:
2229:
2212:
1988:
1840:
1833:
1812:
1713:
4213:
3778:
3403:
3393:
3343:
3023:
2939:
2585:
2185:
2099:
1939:
1918:
1798:
1791:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1720:
1706:
1537:
1303:
138:
3505:
2885:
2777:
2670:
2497:
1967:
1946:
1932:
1875:
1868:
1777:
4902:
3491:
2650:
2058:
2044:
1995:
1911:
1894:
1847:
1805:
1734:
1699:
4884:
3792:
3768:
3441:
2753:
2065:
2030:
1974:
1882:
1861:
1819:
1679:
1529:
1500:
1461:
1453:
1410:
1383:
1360:
1342:
1295:
1256:
1238:
1183:
1122:
1042:
131:
4889:
4876:
2424:
2338:
2106:
2072:
2037:
2009:
1981:
1275:
724:
387:
346:
259:
4700:
4344:
4237:
3920:
3703:
3639:
3609:
3546:
2633:
2549:
2483:
2394:
2051:
2002:
1521:
1492:
1443:
1350:
1334:
1287:
1246:
1228:
1173:
1163:
1112:
1102:
1079:
Williams, Blythe A; Kay, Richard F; Kirk, E Christopher (January 2010). Walker, Alan (ed.).
4623:
4592:
4584:
4468:
4368:
4223:
4193:
3810:
3656:
3593:
3423:
3373:
3359:
3352:
3306:
3100:
2895:
2565:
2518:
2452:
1767:
971:
812:
612:
541:
434:
335:
113:
437:
to
Anthropoids (i.e. simians), there is a lack of certainty as they show resemblances to
1224:
1159:
1098:
4749:
4710:
4641:
4498:
4488:
4458:
4435:
4425:
4415:
4327:
4276:
4261:
4246:
4183:
4162:
4152:
3819:
3799:
3414:
3141:
3118:
2576:
1355:
1322:
1251:
1208:
1178:
1141:
1117:
1080:
838:
4919:
4728:
4563:
4554:
4283:
4253:
4203:
4173:
4015:
3981:
3913:
3835:
3785:
3744:
3723:
3322:
3282:
3003:
2966:
2922:
2915:
2865:
2841:
2461:
2384:
2151:
1541:
109:
73:
1307:
4760:
4689:
4600:
4577:
4525:
4508:
4478:
4320:
4268:
4122:
3903:
3856:
3761:
3696:
3686:
3676:
3586:
3468:
3430:
3315:
3162:
3155:
3063:
2801:
2787:
2720:
2599:
2369:
2327:
2125:
1664:
1193:
785:
495:
419:
413:
377:
364:
340:
328:
283:
251:
1291:
1525:
1496:
4666:
3849:
3730:
3713:
3477:
3083:
2993:
2858:
2821:
2741:
2680:
2401:
1854:
438:
48:
4836:
1213:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4142:
3934:
3261:
3248:
3198:
3134:
3073:
2976:
2959:
2851:
2794:
2767:
2730:
2700:
2690:
2141:
2023:
1727:
1672:
1624:
1579:
585:
479:
463:
446:
424:
308:
205:
93:
58:
1457:
1346:
1299:
1242:
4611:
4541:
4515:
4384:
4334:
3971:
3961:
3884:
3737:
3627:
3526:
3292:
3046:
2949:
2163:
1925:
1641:
1233:
1168:
1107:
442:
155:
98:
42:
1504:
1465:
1364:
1338:
1260:
1187:
1126:
1533:
1323:"Evolution of locomotion in Anthropoidea: the semicircular canal evidence"
122:
4830:
4677:
4653:
4446:
4405:
4351:
4290:
3863:
3013:
2906:
2606:
2531:
2431:
2016:
1656:
1597:
671:
399:
352:
267:
175:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
17:
1403:
Schilhab, Theresa; Stjernfelt, Frederik; Deacon, Terrence (2012-03-26).
4863:
4738:
4631:
4358:
3998:
3927:
3179:
3172:
3034:
2929:
2711:
2592:
2538:
2358:
2219:
2176:
1609:
1448:
1431:
514:
311:
292:
195:
103:
78:
4308:
4132:
3941:
3842:
3563:
2760:
2476:
2306:
2293:
2245:
1603:
1591:
315:
215:
185:
165:
4807:
381:, their classification as eosimiids appears to be unclear. Marivaux
368:). There appears to be a wealthy diversity of eosimiids in China.
1327:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
4850:
4718:
3751:
1146:
1085:
1064:
Primate Adaptation and Evolution: 3rd Edition, Ch. 13, p 279-281
403:. They announced their discovery of fossils of two new species,
4811:
4086:
3246:
2291:
1622:
1552:
4101:
4088:
4038:
1512:
Kay RF, Ross C, Williams BA (Feb 1997). "Anthropoid origins".
1548:
1276:"New adapiform primate fossils from the late Eocene of Egypt"
1432:"Early Homo and the role of the genus in paleoanthropology"
1382:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 19–31.
1041:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 712.
1060:
1058:
427:, and that Rosenberger and Hogg express doubts about
4756:
4745:
4734:
4724:
4706:
4696:
4685:
4637:
4619:
4551:
4521:
4504:
4494:
4484:
4474:
4464:
4454:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4364:
4340:
4316:
4234:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4189:
4179:
4169:
4158:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4004:
3987:
3977:
3967:
3957:
3947:
3909:
3899:
3869:
3774:
3757:
3719:
3709:
3692:
3682:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3635:
3574:
3559:
3399:
3370:
3340:
3303:
3288:
3278:
3168:
3089:
3079:
3069:
3059:
3042:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2989:
2972:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2847:
2837:
2827:
2817:
2807:
2783:
2773:
2749:
2726:
2696:
2686:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2646:
2515:
2449:
2412:
2381:
2365:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2323:
2225:
2208:
2198:
2158:
2147:
2137:
1637:
385:(2005) suggest three definite groups of Eosimiidae:
4820:
4676:
4652:
4610:
4550:
4539:
4445:
4382:
4307:
4233:
4099:
4037:
3883:
3818:
3809:
3626:
3573:
3544:
3467:
3440:
3413:
3369:
3339:
3302:
3259:
3197:
3117:
3033:
2905:
2740:
2710:
2631:
2575:
2548:
2514:
2448:
2411:
2380:
2304:
2244:
2175:
2124:
2082:
1892:
1765:
1689:
1635:
433:. They also note that whilst most analyses link
1564:
8:
27:Family of primates that are possibly extinct
1037:Ross, Callum; Kay, Richard F, eds. (2004).
4808:
4658:
4547:
4394:
4390:
4111:
4107:
4096:
4083:
4034:
3815:
3552:
3378:
3271:
3267:
3256:
3243:
3194:
2639:
2523:
2316:
2312:
2301:
2288:
2130:
2121:
1648:
1632:
1619:
1571:
1557:
1549:
1074:
1072:
1070:
121:
31:
1447:
1436:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1409:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1354:
1250:
1232:
1177:
1167:
1116:
1106:
1081:"New perspectives on anthropoid origins"
984:
7:
1140:Marivaux; et al. (June 2005).
857:
831:
805:
777:
716:
663:
655:
644:
559:
533:
522:
487:
474:
25:
4791:
4069:
3229:
2273:
499:
142:
1430:Villmoare, Brian (2018-01-30).
1039:Anthropoid Origins: New Visions
471:taxon would restore monophyly.
1:
1292:10.1080/08912963.2017.1306522
1016:Haaramo, Mikko (2002-12-29).
371:With several genera, such as
1526:10.1126/science.275.5301.797
1497:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.01.002
1406:The Symbolic Species Evolved
314:believed to be the earliest
4946:Prehistoric mammal families
1018:"Mikko's Phylogeny Archive"
307:is the possible family of
4967:
4788:
4661:
4397:
4393:
4114:
4110:
4095:
4082:
4067:
4033:
3555:
3381:
3274:
3270:
3255:
3242:
3227:
3193:
2642:
2526:
2319:
2315:
2300:
2287:
2270:
2133:
2120:
1651:
1631:
1618:
1586:
880:
862:
855:
836:
829:
810:
803:
782:
775:
739:
721:
714:
686:
668:
661:
653:
642:
609:
582:
564:
557:
538:
531:
520:
492:
485:
246:
241:
139:Scientific classification
137:
129:
120:
34:
4936:Eocene first appearances
423:should be classified as
1380:Primates in Perspective
1234:10.1073/pnas.0503469102
1169:10.1073/pnas.0503469102
1108:10.1073/pnas.0908320107
409:Phileosimias brahuiorum
1339:10.1098/rspb.2012.0939
866:Proteopithecus sylviae
411:. They concluded that
4941:Oligocene extinctions
4898:Paleobiology Database
430:Bahinia pondaungensis
966:Evolutionary biology
743:Nosmips aenigmaticus
649:Eosimiidae s.s.
130:Life restoration of
3952:Paradolichopithecus
1333:(1742): 3467–3475.
1225:2005PNAS..102.8436M
1160:2005PNAS..102.8436M
1099:2010PNAS..107.4797W
568:Gatanthropus micros
405:Phileosimias kamali
4931:Oligocene primates
3578:Victoriapithecidae
3520:Plesiopliopithecus
3458:Platodontopithecus
1449:10.1002/ajpa.23387
1280:Historical Biology
883:Crown Simians (40)
527:Ekgmowechashalidae
4913:
4912:
4885:Open Tree of Life
4814:Taxon identifiers
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4535:
4534:
4378:
4377:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4024:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3442:Dionysopithecidae
3344:Propliopithecidae
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3189:
3188:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2283:
2282:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2240:
2239:
2116:
2115:
1520:(5301): 797–804.
1389:978-0-19-539043-8
1219:(24): 8436–8441.
1093:(11): 4797–4804.
956:
955:
947:
946:
938:
937:
929:
928:
920:
919:
911:
910:
902:
901:
893:
892:
764:
763:
755:
754:
702:
701:
624:
623:
598:
597:
302:
301:
237:
132:Eosimias sinensis
16:(Redirected from
4958:
4951:Primate families
4906:
4905:
4893:
4892:
4880:
4879:
4867:
4866:
4854:
4853:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4809:
4796:
4795:
4758:
4747:
4736:
4726:
4708:
4701:Australopithecus
4698:
4687:
4659:
4639:
4621:
4553:
4548:
4523:
4506:
4496:
4486:
4476:
4466:
4456:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4403:
4395:
4391:
4366:
4342:
4318:
4238:Dendropithecidae
4236:
4221:
4211:
4201:
4191:
4181:
4171:
4160:
4150:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4112:
4108:
4097:
4084:
4073:
4035:
4006:
3989:
3979:
3969:
3959:
3949:
3911:
3901:
3871:
3816:
3776:
3759:
3721:
3711:
3694:
3684:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3640:Cercopithecoides
3637:
3610:Victoriapithecus
3576:
3561:
3553:
3547:Cercopithecoidea
3401:
3379:
3372:
3342:
3305:
3290:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3257:
3244:
3233:
3195:
3170:
3091:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3044:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2991:
2974:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2893:
2883:
2873:
2849:
2839:
2829:
2819:
2809:
2785:
2775:
2751:
2728:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2658:
2648:
2640:
2550:Proteopithecidae
2524:
2517:
2451:
2414:
2383:
2367:
2356:
2346:
2336:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2302:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2227:
2210:
2200:
2160:
2149:
2139:
2131:
2122:
1649:
1639:
1633:
1620:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1545:
1508:
1470:
1469:
1451:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1286:(1–2): 204–226.
1271:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1236:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1076:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
989:
858:
832:
806:
778:
717:
664:
656:
645:
560:
534:
523:
503:
488:
475:
232:
227:
147:
146:
125:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4926:Eocene primates
4916:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4896:
4888:
4883:
4875:
4870:
4862:
4857:
4849:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4816:
4806:
4797:
4790:
4766:
4672:
4648:
4624:Chororapithecus
4606:
4593:Pierolapithecus
4585:Hispanopithecus
4544:
4531:
4469:Gigantopithecus
4441:
4387:
4374:
4369:Yuanmoupithecus
4303:
4298:Turkanapithecus
4229:
4224:Samburupithecus
4194:Nacholapithecus
4104:
4091:
4074:
4053:
4021:
3992:Procynocephalus
3879:
3811:Cercopithecinae
3805:
3657:Dolichopithecus
3622:
3594:Nsungwepithecus
3569:
3549:
3532:
3485:Barberapithecus
3463:
3451:Dionysopithecus
3436:
3424:Epipliopithecus
3409:
3387:Krishnapithecus
3374:Pliopithecoidea
3365:
3360:Propliopithecus
3353:Aegyptopithecus
3335:
3307:Oligopithecidae
3298:
3264:
3251:
3234:
3213:
3185:
3113:
3029:
2901:
2876:Proteropithecia
2736:
2706:
2636:
2619:
2614:Ucayalipithecus
2571:
2544:
2519:Parapithecoidea
2510:
2491:Myanmarpithecus
2453:Amphipithecidae
2444:
2439:Phenacopithecus
2407:
2376:
2309:
2296:
2279:
2272:
2260:
2236:
2171:
2112:
2078:
1888:
1768:Anaptomorphinae
1761:
1685:
1645:
1627:
1614:
1582:
1577:
1511:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1154:(24): 8436–41.
1139:
1138:
1134:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
999:
991:
990:
986:
981:
962:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
839:Parapithecoidea
813:Amphipithecidae
765:
756:
703:
690:Phenacopithecus
625:
613:Ekgmowechashala
599:
542:Muangthanhinius
455:
435:Amphipithecidae
394:Phenacopithecus
359:Phenacopithecus
336:Amphipithecidae
324:
276:Phenacopithecus
231:
225:
141:
116:
114:Early Oligocene
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4964:
4962:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4918:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4894:
4881:
4868:
4855:
4842:
4826:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4750:Sahelanthropus
4743:
4732:
4722:
4715:
4711:Graecopithecus
4704:
4694:
4682:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:Nakalipithecus
4635:
4628:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4589:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4559:
4557:
4545:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4519:
4512:
4502:
4499:Lufengpithecus
4492:
4489:Khoratpithecus
4482:
4472:
4462:
4459:Ankarapithecus
4451:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4436:Ouranopithecus
4429:
4426:Nakalipithecus
4419:
4416:Graecopithecus
4409:
4398:
4388:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4277:Rangwapithecus
4273:
4265:
4262:Nyanzapithecus
4258:
4250:
4247:Dendropithecus
4242:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4184:Morotopithecus
4177:
4167:
4163:Kamoyapithecus
4156:
4153:Griphopithecus
4146:
4136:
4126:
4115:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4009:Soromandrillus
4002:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3907:
3897:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3829:Allenopithecus
3824:
3822:
3820:Cercopithecini
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3800:Trachypithecus
3796:
3789:
3782:
3772:
3765:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3700:
3690:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3643:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3617:Zaltanpithecus
3613:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3556:
3550:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3417:
3415:Pliopithecidae
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3390:
3382:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3286:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3166:
3159:
3156:Leontopithecus
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3121:
3119:Callitrichidae
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3050:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2980:
2970:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2781:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2643:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2577:Parapithecidae
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2559:Proteopithecus
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2363:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2203:Hesperotarsius
2196:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2156:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1961:Gunnelltarsius
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1827:Pseudotetonius
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1691:Microchoerinae
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1509:
1478:
1477:External links
1475:
1472:
1471:
1422:
1415:
1395:
1388:
1370:
1313:
1266:
1198:
1132:
1066:
1054:
1048:978-1461347002
1047:
1029:
1008:
997:paleobiodb.org
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982:
980:
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976:
975:
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595:
592:
591:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
563:
558:
556:
552:
551:
548:
547:
537:
532:
530:
521:
519:
510:
509:
506:
505:
491:
486:
484:
473:
454:
451:
445:as well as to
323:
320:
300:
299:
298:
297:
288:
279:
271:
263:
255:
244:
243:
239:
238:
223:
219:
218:
213:
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208:
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183:
179:
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173:
169:
168:
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159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
127:
126:
118:
117:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4963:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4794:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4729:Kenyanthropus
4723:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4643:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4564:Anoiapithecus
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4555:Dryopithecini
4549:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4381:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4284:Rukwapithecus
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4254:Micropithecus
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4204:Otavipithecus
4198:
4196:
4195:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:Kenyapithecus
4168:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4072:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4018:
4017:
4016:Theropithecus
4013:
4011:
4010:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:Procercocebus
3976:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:Gorgopithecus
3908:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3843:Cercopithecus
3840:
3838:
3837:
3836:Allochrocebus
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:Semnopithecus
3783:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3769:Rhinopithecus
3766:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:Parapresbytis
3718:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:Kuseracolobus
3661:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3513:Laccopithecus
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:Egarapithecus
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3330:Talahpithecus
3327:
3325:
3324:
3323:Oligopithecus
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:Micropithecus
3277:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3232:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3167:
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3143:
3139:
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3132:
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3110:
3109:
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3098:
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3078:
3076:
3075:
3068:
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3058:
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3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3004:Protopithecus
2998:
2996:
2995:
2988:
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2979:
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2898:
2897:
2890:
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2880:
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2877:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2866:Plecturocebus
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:Miocallicebus
2836:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2814:
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2806:
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2799:
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2641:
2638:
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2630:
2616:
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2609:
2608:
2604:
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2601:
2597:
2595:
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2590:
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2578:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
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2551:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2505:Siamopithecus
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:Bugtipithecus
2466:
2464:
2463:
2462:Amphipithecus
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
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2417:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2399:
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2389:
2386:
2385:Afrotarsiidae
2379:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:Aseanpithecus
2343:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2303:
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2249:
2247:
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2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2193:Cephalopachus
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:Afrotarsiidae
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2084:Tarkadectinae
2081:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
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2053:
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1983:
1979:
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1954:Ekwiiyemakius
1951:
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1930:
1928:
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1923:
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1905:Ageitodendron
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1785:Anaptomorphus
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1491:(4): 401–32.
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1194:Full text PDF
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490:
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477:
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470:
469:sensu stricto
465:
464:Cladistically
460:
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110:Middle Eocene
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
4821:
4761:Paranthropus
4759:
4748:
4737:
4727:
4717:
4709:
4699:
4690:Ardipithecus
4688:
4665:
4640:
4630:
4622:
4601:Rudapithecus
4599:
4591:
4583:
4578:Dryopithecus
4576:
4569:
4562:
4526:Sivapithecus
4524:
4514:
4509:Meganthropus
4507:
4497:
4487:
4479:Indopithecus
4477:
4467:
4457:
4434:
4424:
4414:
4404:
4367:
4359:Symphalangus
4357:
4350:
4343:
4333:
4326:
4321:Bunopithecus
4319:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4269:Oreopithecus
4267:
4260:
4252:
4245:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4123:Afropithecus
4121:
4014:
4007:
3997:
3990:
3980:
3970:
3960:
3950:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3904:Dinopithecus
3902:
3892:
3874:Nanopithecus
3872:
3862:
3857:Erythrocebus
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3767:
3762:Rhinocolobus
3760:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3731:Piliocolobus
3729:
3722:
3712:
3702:
3697:Microcolobus
3695:
3687:Mesopithecus
3685:
3677:Libypithecus
3675:
3665:
3655:
3645:
3638:
3615:
3608:
3602:Prohylobates
3600:
3592:
3587:Noropithecus
3585:
3562:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:Crouzeliidae
3456:
3449:
3431:Pliopithecus
3429:
3422:
3402:
3392:
3385:
3358:
3351:
3328:
3321:
3316:Catopithecus
3314:
3291:
3281:
3178:
3171:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3082:
3072:
3064:Dolichocebus
3062:
3052:
3045:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2975:
2965:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2840:
2832:Mazzonicebus
2830:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2793:
2788:Cebupithecia
2786:
2776:
2766:
2759:
2754:Antillothrix
2752:
2729:
2719:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2661:Perupithecus
2659:
2649:
2612:
2605:
2600:Parapithecus
2598:
2591:
2584:
2564:
2557:
2537:
2530:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2400:
2393:
2370:Phileosimias
2368:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2328:Altiatlasius
2326:
2230:Xanthorhysis
2228:
2218:
2213:Oligotarsius
2211:
2201:
2191:
2184:
2161:
2150:
2140:
2126:Tarsiiformes
2105:
2098:
2091:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1989:Macrotarsius
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1841:Strigorhysis
1839:
1834:Sphacorhysis
1832:
1825:
1818:
1813:Chlororhysis
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1714:Microchoerus
1712:
1705:
1698:
1678:
1671:
1665:Altiatlasius
1663:
1655:
1517:
1513:
1488:
1484:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1405:
1398:
1379:
1373:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1151:
1145:
1135:
1090:
1084:
1038:
1032:
1021:. Retrieved
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
993:"Eosimiidae"
987:
970:
882:
881:
864:
863:
851:
837:
825:
811:
799:
786:Phileosimias
784:
783:
741:
740:
723:
722:
688:
687:
670:
669:
648:
636:
634:
611:
610:
584:
583:
566:
565:
540:
539:
513:
496:Tarsiiformes
494:
493:
478:
468:
459:Anthrasimias
458:
456:
428:
420:Anthrasimias
418:
414:Phileosimias
412:
408:
404:
398:
392:
386:
382:
378:Anthrasimias
376:
373:Phileosimias
372:
370:
365:Phileosimias
363:
357:
351:
345:
341:Anthrasimias
339:
333:
329:Tarsiiformes
325:
304:
303:
291:
284:Phileosimias
282:
274:
266:
258:
252:Anthrasimias
250:
236:et al., 1994
228:
212:Infraorder:
29:
4309:Hylobatidae
3999:Rungwecebus
3864:Miopithecus
3850:Chlorocebus
3779:Sawecolobus
3714:Paracolobus
3478:Anapithecus
3394:Paidopithex
3149:Leontocebus
3084:Panamacebus
2994:Paralouatta
2930:Brachyteles
2822:Insulacebus
2742:Pitheciidae
2681:Canaanimico
2634:Platyrrhini
2586:Abuqatrania
2402:Afrotarsius
2307:Simiiformes
2294:Simiiformes
2246:Simiiformes
2100:Tarkadectes
1940:Diablomomys
1919:Brontomomys
1855:Teilhardina
1799:Arapahovius
1792:Anemorhysis
1756:Vectipithex
1749:Quercyloris
1742:Pseudoloris
1721:Nannopithex
1707:Melaneremia
529: (39)
443:omomyiforms
216:Simiiformes
41:45–30
4920:Categories
4822:Eosimiidae
4143:Equatorius
4102:Hominoidea
4089:Hominoidea
4048:see below↓
4039:Hominoidea
3935:Mandrillus
3921:Lophocebus
3894:Cercocebus
3745:Procolobus
3506:Fanchangia
3262:Catarrhini
3249:Catarrhini
3208:see below↓
3199:Catarrhini
3135:Callithrix
3074:Killikaike
2977:Mohanamico
2960:Chilecebus
2886:Soriacebus
2852:Nuciruptor
2812:Homunculus
2802:Chiropotes
2795:Cheracebus
2778:Carlocebus
2768:Callicebus
2731:Tremacebus
2701:Lagonimico
2691:Branisella
2671:Szalatavus
2498:Pondaungia
2416:Eosimiidae
2255:see below↓
2142:Archicebus
2024:Shoshonius
1968:Hemiacodon
1947:Dyseolemur
1933:Chumashius
1876:Trogolemur
1869:Tetonoides
1778:Absarokius
1728:Necrolemur
1673:Bownomomys
1625:Haplorhini
1580:Haplorhini
1485:J Hum Evol
1023:2007-07-05
1002:2021-07-28
979:References
639: (52)
637:Eosimiidae
586:Bugtilemur
545:(†32 Mya)
517: (54)
482: (64)
480:Haplorhini
447:catarrhine
439:adapiforms
425:Adapiforms
305:Eosimiidae
229:Eosimiidae
206:Haplorhini
202:Suborder:
35:Eosimiidae
4612:Gorillini
4542:Homininae
4385:Hominidae
4335:Hylobates
4214:Proconsul
3972:Pliopapio
3962:Parapapio
3885:Papionini
3752:Pygathrix
3738:Presbytis
3628:Colobinae
3527:Pliobates
3492:Crouzelia
3293:Saadanius
3128:Callimico
3047:Acrecebus
3024:Stirtonia
2967:Lagothrix
2950:Cartelles
2896:Xenothrix
2651:Parvimico
2177:Tarsiidae
2164:Omomyidae
2059:Washakius
2045:Uintanius
1996:Nesomomys
1926:Chipetaia
1912:Asiomomys
1895:Omomyinae
1848:Tatmanius
1806:Aycrossia
1735:Paraloris
1700:Indusomys
1642:Omomyidae
1590:Kingdom:
1542:220087294
1458:0002-9483
1442:: 72–89.
1347:0962-8452
1300:0891-2963
1243:0027-8424
453:Phylogeny
449:simians.
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
18:Eosimiids
4837:Q3055654
4831:Wikidata
4678:Hominina
4654:Hominini
4571:Danuvius
4447:Ponginae
4406:Buronius
4352:Nomascus
4291:Simiolus
3180:Saguinus
3142:Cebuella
3094:Patasola
3014:Solimoea
2916:Alouatta
2907:Atelidae
2859:Pithecia
2607:Qatrania
2532:Arsinoea
2432:Eosimias
2066:Wyomomys
2031:Steinius
2017:Rooneyia
1975:Jemezius
1883:Walshina
1862:Tetonius
1820:Gazinius
1680:Kohatius
1657:Altanius
1610:Primates
1604:Mammalia
1598:Chordata
1596:Phylum:
1592:Animalia
1505:15066378
1466:29380889
1365:22696520
1308:89631627
1261:15937103
1188:15937103
1127:20212104
960:See also
672:Eosimias
400:Eosimias
353:Eosimias
322:Taxonomy
312:primates
268:Eosimias
222:Family:
196:Primates
186:Mammalia
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
4890:3607831
4864:4827184
4851:4526755
4739:Orrorin
4632:Gorilla
4328:Hoolock
3704:Nasalis
3647:Colobus
3173:Micodon
3108:Sapajus
3101:Saimiri
3035:Cebidae
2984:Oreonax
2940:Caipora
2761:Cacajao
2712:Aotidae
2593:Apidium
2566:Serapia
2539:Biretia
2425:Bahinia
2395:Afrasia
2359:Nosmips
2339:Amamria
2220:Tarsius
2186:Carlito
2107:Tarkops
2073:Yaquius
2038:Stockia
2010:Ourayia
1982:Loveina
1608:Order:
1602:Class:
1534:9012340
1514:Science
1356:3396915
1252:1150860
1221:Bibcode
1179:1150860
1156:Bibcode
1118:2841917
1095:Bibcode
972:Afrasia
725:Bahinia
515:Simians
388:Bahinia
347:Bahinia
316:simians
309:extinct
293:Nosmips
260:Bahinia
242:Genera
192:Order:
182:Class:
4877:116552
4133:Ekembo
3928:Macaca
3793:Simias
3564:Alophe
2923:Ateles
2484:Krabia
2477:Ganlea
2052:Utahia
2003:Omomys
1540:
1532:
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1464:
1456:
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1045:
869:(†34)
841:(†30)
815:(†35)
789:(†30)
746:(†37)
728:(†32)
693:(†42)
675:(†40)
635:
589:(†29)
571:(†30)
383:et al.
375:, and
4903:58156
4872:IRMNG
4516:Pongo
4345:Junzi
3942:Papio
3054:Cebus
2721:Aotus
2093:Tarka
1538:S2CID
1304:S2CID
712:(45)
659:(45)
651:(50)
555:(36)
234:Beard
4859:GBIF
4719:Homo
3404:Kapi
3163:Mico
1530:PMID
1501:PMID
1462:PMID
1454:ISSN
1411:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1361:PMID
1343:ISSN
1296:ISSN
1257:PMID
1239:ISSN
1184:PMID
1147:PNAS
1123:PMID
1086:PNAS
1043:ISBN
852:(42)
826:(45)
800:(48)
441:and
407:and
397:and
49:PreꞒ
4846:EoL
4667:Pan
1522:doi
1518:275
1493:doi
1444:doi
1440:165
1351:PMC
1335:doi
1331:279
1288:doi
1247:PMC
1229:doi
1217:102
1174:PMC
1164:doi
1152:102
1113:PMC
1103:doi
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327:to
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112:–
104:N
94:K
89:J
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74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
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