229:
154:
356:
35:
643:, the dye is unable to entere cell because of their membranes. Dead yeast cells lose membrane integrity, so phloxine B can enter and stain the intracellular cytosolic compounds. Therefore, staining is a measure of cell death. In cell counting assays, the number of fluorescent (i.e. dead) cells observed through a
111:
369:
647:
can be compared to the total number of cells to give a measure of mortality. The same principle can be applied at higher throughput by fluorescence-activated
65:
Cyanosin; Cyanosine; Eosine bluish; Eosine Blue; Cyanosin B; Eosin Blue; Phloxine P; Phloxin B; Eosine I Bluish; Acid red 92; C.I. 45410; D & C Red no. 28
687:
243:
671:
519:
960:
Leive, Loretta; Kollin, Virginia (July 1967). "Controlling EDTA treatment to produce permeable escherichia coli with normal metabolic processes".
440:
744:
Duarte, Paulo; Ferreira, Diana P.; Ferreira
Machado, Isabel; Filipe, Luis; Ferreira, Vieira; Rodríguez, Hernan B.; San Román, Enrique (2012).
843:"In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Phloxine B and Other Halogenated Fluoresceins against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus"
1012:
526:
of 25 μM, growth is reduced by 10-fold within 2.5 hours. At concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM, growth is stopped completely and
523:
594:
795:
Coppeta, J.; Rogers, C. (1998). "Dual emission laser induced fluorescence for direct planar scalar behavior measurements".
376:
531:
186:
207:
631:
577:
are formed. These compounds cause irreversible damage to the bacteria, leading to growth arrest and cell death.
1221:
625:
1201:
149:
1216:
602:
578:
1206:
514:
1149:
1049:
804:
47:
921:"Expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine B to gram-negative bacteria"
570:
224:
77:
820:
598:
562:
891:
1211:
1177:
1118:
1077:
1018:
1008:
977:
942:
872:
777:
498:
468:
444:
1167:
1157:
1108:
1067:
1057:
1000:
969:
932:
862:
854:
812:
767:
757:
724:
605:, removes the phloxine B resistance and allows gram-negative bacteria to be killed as well.
543:
334:
266:
1036:
Guérin, Renée; Beauregard, Pascale B.; Leroux, Alexandre; Rokeach, Luis A. (16 July 2009).
593:
creates a permeability barrier that prevents efficient uptake of the compound. Addition of
195:
87:
614:
551:
504:
452:
228:
153:
1153:
1053:
808:
131:
1072:
1037:
772:
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689:
The Code of
Federal Regulations of the United States of America, Title 21, Part 74.1328
652:
648:
644:
636:
586:
574:
347:
1172:
1137:
1136:
Minois, Nadège; Frajnt, Magdalena; Wilson, Chris; Vaupel, James W. (11 January 2005).
1004:
867:
842:
447:
maximum around 564 nm. Apart from industrial use, phloxine B has functions as an
1195:
973:
858:
590:
582:
558:
527:
493:
448:
412:
142:
1097:"Comparison of methods used for assessing the viability and vitality of yeast cells"
824:
175:
436:
251:
C1=C2C(=C(C(=C1Br))Br)OC3=C(C(=C(C=C3C24C5=C(C(=C(C(=C5Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)C(=O)O4)Br))Br..
1062:
937:
920:
509:
489:
420:
1142:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
995:
Noda, Takeshi (2008). "Chapter 2 Viability Assays to
Monitor Yeast Autophagy".
17:
1038:"Calnexin Regulates Apoptosis Induced by Inositol Starvation in Fission Yeast"
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729:
712:
396:
312:
1162:
1113:
1096:
464:
460:
408:
1181:
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1081:
1022:
946:
876:
781:
981:
816:
456:
432:
428:
547:
424:
162:
1138:"Advances in measuring lifespan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
534:
deems phloxine B to be safe up to a daily dosage of 1.25 mg/kg.
746:"Phloxine B as a Probe for Entrapment in Microcrystalline Cellulose"
346:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
34:
640:
620:
485:
416:
122:
110:
100:
1095:
Kwolek-Mirek, Magdalena; Zadrag-Tecza, Renata (September 2014).
655:), where all phloxine B-stained cells in a sample are counted.
404:
554:
400:
997:
Autophagy: Lower
Eukaryotes and Non-Mammalian Systems, Part A
459:. For example, it is used in hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (
212:
717:
Food
Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
566:
52:
Disodium 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3-oxo-3
999:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 451. pp. 27–32.
364:
619:
Phloxine B can be used to stain dead cells of several
962:
530:decrease by a factor of 10 to 10. For humans, the
713:"Thin Layer Chromatography of Synthetic Dyes (X)"
174:
56:-spirobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-bis(olate)
86:
914:
912:
836:
834:
692:. U S Government Printing Office. p. 296
8:
925:FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology
581:are phloxine B-resistant due to the outer
227:
152:
26:
1171:
1161:
1112:
1071:
1061:
936:
866:
771:
761:
728:
565:. When phloxine B is subjected to light,
194:
841:Rasooly, Avraham; Weisz, Adrian (2002).
542:Bacteria exposed to phloxine B die from
427:atoms at positions 2, 4, 5 and 7 of the
664:
248:
223:
423:, but differs by the presence of four
143:
847:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
686:Food and Drug Administration (2001).
681:
679:
130:
7:
165:
443:maximum around 540 nm and an
25:
859:10.1128/AAC.46.11.3650-3653.2002
524:minimum inhibitory concentration
354:
290:
278:
33:
919:Rasooly, Reuven (August 2005).
350:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
284:
597:, which is known to strip the
302:
296:
272:
1:
1005:10.1016/S0076-6879(08)03202-3
1063:10.1371/journal.pone.0006244
974:10.1016/0006-291x(67)90434-2
938:10.1016/j.femsim.2005.04.004
896:Narkive Mailing List Archive
532:Food and Drug Administration
1238:
612:
585:that surrounds them. This
391:(commonly known simply as
763:10.3390/molecules17021602
730:10.3358/shokueishi.11.242
632:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
344:
259:
239:
70:
62:
46:
41:
32:
672:Phloxine B (Acid red 92)
626:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
475:Antimicrobial properties
463:) staining to color the
1163:10.1073/pnas.0408332102
1114:10.1111/1567-1364.12202
579:Gram-negative bacteria
561:to positively charged
817:10.1007/s003480050202
797:Experiments in Fluids
613:Further information:
603:membrane permeability
550:in water to become a
515:Staphylococcus aureus
419:. It is derived from
415:and coloring food in
890:Borgerink, Hermina.
711:Kamikura, M (1970).
609:Measure of viability
480:Lethal dosage levels
328:Red to brown powder
48:Preferred IUPAC name
1154:2005PNAS..102..402M
1101:FEMS Yeast Research
1054:2009PLoSO...4.6244G
809:1998ExFl...25....1C
599:lipopolysaccharides
563:cellular components
538:Mechanism of action
488:, phloxine B has a
484:In the presence of
335:Solubility in water
320: g·mol
29:
552:negatively charged
471:in shades of red.
403:used for coloring
377:Infobox references
27:
853:(11): 3650–3653.
499:Bacillus subtilis
496:strains, such as
469:connective tissue
385:Chemical compound
383:
382:
208:CompTox Dashboard
112:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
1229:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1165:
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1116:
1107:(7): 1068–1079.
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756:(2): 1602–1616.
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734:
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702:
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544:oxidative damage
522:) strains. At a
457:biological stain
439:ring. It has an
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267:Chemical formula
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18:Eosine i bluish
15:
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11:
5:
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1225:
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1202:Organobromides
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1187:
1148:(2): 402–406.
1128:
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987:
968:(2): 229–236.
952:
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908:
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723:(4): 242–248.
703:
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649:flow cytometry
645:haemocytometer
610:
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587:polysaccharide
575:singlet oxygen
539:
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508:, and several
481:
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431:ring and four
384:
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601:and increase
600:
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591:lipid bilayer
588:
584:
583:cell membrane
580:
576:
572:
571:free radicals
568:
567:debromination
564:
560:
556:
553:
549:
546:. Phloxine B
545:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:
511:
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501:
500:
495:
494:gram-positive
491:
487:
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472:
470:
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462:
458:
454:
450:
449:antimicrobial
446:
442:
438:
437:carboxyphenyl
435:atoms in the
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:United States
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:water-soluble
394:
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225:DTXSID1031090
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144:ECHA InfoCard
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19:
1207:Chloroarenes
1145:
1141:
1131:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1048:(7): e6244.
1045:
1041:
1031:
996:
990:
965:
961:
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928:
924:
899:. Retrieved
895:
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753:
749:
739:
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706:
694:. Retrieved
688:
667:
641:growth media
630:
624:
623:, including
618:
541:
513:
503:
497:
490:bactericidal
483:
392:
388:
387:
71:Identifiers
63:Other names
53:
892:"HPS stain"
803:(1): 1–15.
569:occurs and
528:cell counts
512:-resistant
510:methicillin
451:substance,
421:fluorescein
325:Appearance
260:Properties
150:100.038.490
132:CHEBI:87192
1196:Categories
659:References
492:effect on
441:absorption
389:Phloxine B
313:Molar mass
196:767IP0Y5NH
99:3D model (
88:18472-87-2
78:CAS Number
750:Molecules
639:in yeast
465:cytoplasm
453:viability
409:cosmetics
28:Phloxine
1212:Lactones
1182:15625107
1123:25154541
1082:19606215
1042:PLOS ONE
1023:19185710
947:15949926
901:18 April
877:12384384
825:37649159
782:22314381
696:15 April
589:-coated
455:dye and
445:emission
433:chlorine
429:xanthene
393:phloxine
340:Soluble
1150:Bibcode
1073:2705804
1050:Bibcode
982:4166571
805:Bibcode
773:6268435
637:diluted
635:. When
548:ionizes
425:bromine
411:in the
395:) is a
370:what is
368: (
176:6433718
163:PubChem
1180:
1173:544282
1170:
1121:
1080:
1070:
1021:
1011:
980:
945:
875:
868:128710
865:
823:
780:
770:
621:yeasts
365:verify
362:
318:829.63
244:SMILES
42:Names
821:S2CID
559:binds
557:that
486:light
417:Japan
405:drugs
123:ChEBI
101:JSmol
1178:PMID
1119:PMID
1078:PMID
1019:PMID
1009:ISBN
978:PMID
943:PMID
903:2016
873:PMID
778:PMID
698:2016
653:FACS
629:and
595:EDTA
573:and
520:MRSA
467:and
407:and
399:red
187:UNII
1168:PMC
1158:doi
1146:102
1109:doi
1068:PMC
1058:doi
1001:doi
970:doi
933:doi
863:PMC
855:doi
813:doi
768:PMC
758:doi
725:doi
555:ion
461:HPS
401:dye
213:EPA
166:CID
1198::
1176:.
1166:.
1156:.
1144:.
1140:.
1117:.
1105:14
1103:.
1099:.
1076:.
1066:.
1056:.
1044:.
1040:.
1017:.
1007:.
976:.
966:28
964:.
941:.
929:45
927:.
923:.
911:^
894:.
871:.
861:.
851:46
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833:^
819:.
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801:25
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776:.
766:.
754:17
752:.
748:.
721:11
719:.
715:.
678:^
502:,
297:Na
291:Cl
285:Br
276:20
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1160::
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1125:.
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1003::
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651:(
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360:N
306:5
303:O
300:2
294:4
288:4
282:2
279:H
273:C
215:)
211:(
103:)
54:H
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
