882:. This month may have had as many as 30 days. According to the civil calendar, the months fell in order with the rest regardless of the state of the moon. They always consisted of 30 days, each individually named and devoted to a particular patron deity, but the year was always followed by an intercalary month of only five days. Owing to the lack of a leap day, the calendar slowly cycled relative to the solar year and Gregorian date until the
1553:
1582:
865:
the beginnings of the months of the lunar calendar were based on observation, beginning at dawn on the morning when a waning crescent moon could no longer be seen. The intercalary month was added every two or three years as needed to maintain the
1520:
1170:'s lack of a leap day will cause the Coptic month to advance another day relative to it and it will run from 7 September to 11 September. Coptic leap years are not computed as divisors of four in that calendar's
1078:
BC which would have inserted a sixth day into the intercalary month, but it was abandoned due to the hostility of the priests and people of Egypt. The leap day was finally established by
2023:
1044:), but these aspects shifted to the fourth night in the Ptolemaic and Roman period owing to the greater importance of Isis and her longstanding connection with the star
909:) to protect himself and the world from that god's plague. The period seems to have usually been a time of rest, placed between the New Year's Eve celebrations on 30
2077:
83:
of the
Egyptian lunar calendar but became a regular feature of the civil calendar and its descendants. Coptic and Ethiopian leap days occur in the year preceding
2666:
Do Not
Celebrate Your Feast without Your Neighbors: A Study of References to Feasts and Festivals in Non-Literary Documents from Ramesside Period Deir el-Medina
2081:
71:
in addition to those calendars' 12 standard months, sometimes reckoned as their thirteenth month. They originated as a periodic measure to ensure that the
2818:
4871:
1595:
962:
1064:) were also stressed. In all but a handful of texts, however, the days are merely numbered as "Day ~ of the Five Days upon the Year".
2727:
2653:
2505:
2130:
1831:
1978:
1968:
2036:
1693:
1638:
1627:
1430:
The unusual calendar is notably used in
Ethiopian tourist information to advertise the country's "thirteen months of sunshine".
791:
788:
785:
711:
652:
649:
640:
637:
634:
572:
569:
566:
497:
494:
491:
189:
186:
120:
117:
782:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1625:
804:
801:
798:
797:
796:
794:
780:
779:
721:
716:
655:
646:
643:
578:
575:
508:
506:
503:
500:
200:
199:
197:
196:
195:
192:
184:
181:
126:
123:
115:
718:
713:
1400:, Paguemain or Pagume is identical to the Coptic intercalary month, beginning on 6 September and ending on 10 September in
2441:
4876:
1276:
38:
2686:
1036:). It was originally the most important, heralding in the New Year's festival and celebrating a "child in his nest" (
968:), although that aspect of the intercalary festivities was later moved to the second day as Horus grew in importance.
4866:
2493:
1351:
2811:
2664:
2032:
1566:
298:
2784:
1599:
1570:
1537:
387:
1910:
1533:
939:
1878:
2804:
2682:
1734:
415:
328:
2755:
279:
923:. Scribes sometimes omitted the entire period from their records of the year. Torches were carried and
1408:. Its leap years occur at the same time and its dates will also shift forward one day relative to the
1541:
1527:
1482:
1087:
831:
748:
680:
603:
535:
411:
224:
150:
1977:, Chicago: Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago, p. 3, archived from
1478:
1266:
879:
2489:
1473:
1420:
1409:
1397:
1391:
1167:
1125:
913:
88:
60:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
2767:
2723:
2715:
2649:
2577:
2561:
2524:
2501:
2126:
2122:
2087:
1827:
1819:
1486:
1465:
1445:
1439:
856:
852:
52:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
2719:
2705:
1823:
1805:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
2497:
1500:
1491:
1449:
924:
438:
2737:
Spalinger, Anthony (January 1995), "Some
Remarks on the Epagomenal Days in Ancient Egypt",
1448:
consisting of 12 30-day months, with 5 epagomenals inserted at the end of every 8th month (
27:
Calendar day outside any regular month in ancient
Egyptian, Coptic, and Ethiopian calendars
2828:
2538:
1560:
1495:
1469:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1091:
883:
867:
363:
84:
72:
56:
2796:
2190:
1589:
3182:
1972:
1505:
1337:
1171:
1071:
1002:
736:
256:
4860:
1766:
1751:
1298:
1156:
1141:
1045:
935:
920:
871:
344:
294:
76:
3508:
947:
523:
2149:
2709:
2635:
2615:
2483:
2113:
1809:
893:
The period of the intercalary month was considered spiritually dangerous and the
30:
Not to be confused with the pre-Islamic concept mentioned in the Quran, known as
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
1713:
1401:
1129:
1095:
1067:
972:
887:
593:
332:
64:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
1219:
331:
also proposed that in some cases the intercalary month was known by the name
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
1453:
1405:
1241:
1133:
1099:
987:
670:
91:
68:
17:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
3997:
3834:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
1212:
1120:, the intercalary month remains the same as the Alexandrian dates in the
1079:
1053:
1025:
819:
426:
407:
31:
2448:
2194:
244:
The
English names "intercalary month" and "epagomenal days" derive from
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4160:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2840:
1344:
898:
894:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
4649:
3671:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
1305:
875:
80:
2115:
Encyclopedia of Time: Science, Philosophy, Theology, & Culture,
934:
The period was known as the "birthdays of the gods" as early as the
2542:
2153:
1725:
For a chart of conversions from Julian to
Gregorian dates from 3701
4323:
3345:
3019:
2856:
1330:
928:
245:
958:). It was also originally known as the "Pure Bull in His Field" (
4486:
2617:
The story of creation in the
Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba
2800:
2170:
2168:
2166:
1666:
Alternative representations of the Five upon the Year include
290:. The period is also sometimes known as the "monthless days".
273:
263:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1746:
For example, the Coptic leap day occurred on 11 September AD
1052:
Throughout the days, their connections to the solar boat of
2674:
Publications of the
Institute for Asian and African Studies
1615:
Alternative representations of Those upon the Year include
1128:, it has begun on 6 September and ended on 10 September in
2329:
2327:
2266:
2264:
1712:
For variant hieroglyphic representations of this god, see
2648:, No. 214, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society,
1177:
The Coptic liturgical calendar of the month consists of:
297:, the period was known as the "Five Days upon the Year" (
1174:
but occur in the year prior to the
Gregorian leap year.
2845:
2465:
2463:
2461:
1058:
1038:
1030:
1015:
1007:
992:
977:
960:
952:
903:
337:
315:
307:
1923:
1921:
1761:
1731) and its Gregorian equivalent on 29 February AD
1668:
1617:
771:
703:
626:
558:
483:
173:
107:
4811:
4648:
4485:
4322:
4159:
3996:
3833:
3670:
3507:
3344:
3181:
3018:
2855:
2601:
2589:
2573:
2557:
2520:
2112:Mebratu, Belete K. (2009), "Ethiopian Calendar",
2174:
1452:: Šumbulta). These 5 extra days constitute the
343:) after the festival that gave its name to the
2698:, No. 26, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
1456:(or Panja) festival in the Mandaean calendar.
916:and the New Year's celebrations beginning on 1
2812:
458:
8:
2435:
2433:
1247:Martyrdom of St. Isaiah, brother of Apa Hor
284:
249:
2819:
2805:
2797:
2749:
2676:, No. 10, Helsinki: University of Helsinki
2388:
2352:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2282:
2009:
1672:
1621:
1074:was an attempted calendrical reform in 239
775:
707:
630:
562:
487:
321:), the last of which is transliterated as
177:
111:
2637:Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book,
2482:Reingold, Edward M.; et al. (2002),
2424:
2412:
2400:
2376:
2364:
2333:
2270:
1360:
1151:1616) and will continue to do so until AD
2696:Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization
2185:
2183:
2144:
2142:
2072:
2070:
2068:
1179:
350:In modern Egypt, the period is known as
2846:
1956:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1933
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1793:
1608:
1600:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1571:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1538:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1361:only in years before Julian leap years
942:, the days were specified and ordered:
897:performed a ritual known as "Pacifying
2469:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2107:
2105:
2059:
1927:
1845:
1843:
1218:Martyrdom of St. Pishay (Abshai), the
2704:Shinn, David H.; et al. (2013),
1799:
1797:
7:
1602: instead of Ethiopic characters.
391:
1056:, fish, and a "creator of terror" (
2537:Von Staufer, Maria Hubert (2002),
2485:Calendrical Tabulations, 1900–2200
1329:Departure of St. James, Bishop of
25:
2739:Journal of Near Eastern Studies,
2711:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
2620:(PhD). University College London.
2025:Understanding Egyptian Chronology
399:
375:
2641:Calendars, Clocks, and Astronomy
1822:: The Scarecrow Press, pp.
1580:
1551:
1518:
1377:Thanksgiving to God the Exalted.
1090:", the epagomenal days ran from
1811:The A to Z of the Coptic Church
1573: instead of Coptic letters.
946:The first day was the Birth of
278:, "brought in" or "added on"),
2688:The Calendars of Ancient Egypt
2391:, pp. 82, 197, & 223.
1354:, the 99th Pope of Alexandria.
1279:, the 96th Pope of Alexandria.
1024:The last day was the Birth of
1:
4872:Months of the Coptic calendar
2121:, Los Angeles: Sage, p.
1528:Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic
63:are a period of five days in
1001:The fourth was the Birth of
971:The second was the Birth of
313:) or "Those upon the Year" (
2718:: Scarecrow Press, p.
2035:, p. 8, archived from
1272:Martyrdom of St. Andrianus.
986:The third was the Birth of
406:"The Postponement"), after
255:("proclaimed between") and
39:Intercalation (timekeeping)
4893:
2663:Jauhiainen, Heidi (2009),
2634:Clagett, Marshall (1995),
2494:Cambridge University Press
2297:, pp. 81–2 & 198.
1969:"Middle Eastern Calendars"
1880:Middle Egyptian Dictionary
1437:
1389:
1364:
1316:
1284:
1252:
1227:
1195:
1109:
1094:24 August to 28 August in
931:and worn around the neck.
850:
414:. The Arabic name is also
367:
274:
264:
36:
29:
2835:
2781:
2764:
2752:
2602:Reingold & al. (2002)
2590:Reingold & al. (2002)
2574:Reingold & al. (2002)
2558:Reingold & al. (2002)
2521:Reingold & al. (2002)
2355:, pp. 197 & 223.
2033:Michigan State University
1954:Oxford English Dictionary
1907:Oxford English Dictionary
1166:1816). In that year, the
459:
442:
429:, the period is known as
2785:Season of the Inundation
2614:Aldihisi, Sabah (2008).
2321:, pp. 78 & 198.
382:"The Little Month") and
2827:Months and days of the
2683:Parker, Richard Anthony
2403:, pp. 42 & 44.
2201:, Tesfa Community Treks
2022:Watrall, Ethan (2016),
1911:Oxford University Press
1059:
1039:
1031:
1016:
1008:
993:
978:
961:
953:
904:
338:
316:
308:
302:
2544:The Christmas Archives
2175:Shinn & al. (2013)
1804:Gabra, Gawdat (2008),
1588:This article contains
1559:This article contains
1526:This article contains
285:
250:
214:The Five upon the Year
2756:Season of the Harvest
2442:"The Coptic Calendar"
2440:Dawood, K.R. (2007),
1974:Educational Resources
1901:", and "intercalate,
1438:Further information:
1390:Further information:
1110:Further information:
927:charms were drawn on
851:Further information:
2539:"Christmas in Egypt"
2191:"Ethiopian Calendar"
2150:"Ethiopian Calendar"
2090:: St Takla Haymanout
1877:Vygus, Mark (2015),
1542:Egyptian hieroglyphs
1404:and 11 September in
1132:and 11 September in
1098:and to 29 August in
1088:Alexandrian calendar
412:Pre-Islamic calendar
305:), the "Five Days" (
4877:Culture of Ethiopia
2772:Days over the Year
2592:, pp. xx–xxii.
1816:A to Z Guide Series
1474:Ethiopian calendars
1396:In the present-day
1116:In the present-day
880:season of Low Water
140:Those upon the Year
79:would occur in the
61:Ethiopian calendars
2779:days: 5 or 6 days
2646:Memoirs of the APS
1487:Armenian calendars
1410:Gregorian calendar
1398:Ethiopian calendar
1392:Ethiopian calendar
1386:Ethiopian calendar
1168:Gregorian calendar
1126:Gregorian calendar
1124:. In terms of the
471:Egyptian calendars
4867:Egyptian calendar
4854:
4853:
4813:Intercalary month
2795:
2794:
2782:Succeeded by
2389:Jauhiainen (2009)
2353:Jauhiainen (2009)
2319:Jauhiainen (2009)
2307:Jauhiainen (2009)
2295:Jauhiainen (2009)
2283:Jauhiainen (2009)
2083:Coptic Synaxarium
2078:"13: Nasie Month"
2010:Jauhiainen (2009)
1948:", and "epagoge,
1806:"Coptic Calendar"
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1596:rendering support
1567:rendering support
1534:rendering support
1446:Mandaean calendar
1440:Mandaean calendar
1434:Mandaean calendar
1383:
1382:
1301:, Bishop of Rome.
1265:Commemoration of
857:Decree of Canopus
853:Egyptian calendar
849:
848:
826:Sw n Mswt Nbt Ḥwt
812:
811:
808:
807:
766:
765:
729:
728:
725:
724:
698:
697:
663:
662:
659:
658:
621:
620:
586:
585:
582:
581:
553:
552:
516:
515:
512:
511:
242:
241:
208:
207:
204:
203:
168:
167:
134:
133:
130:
129:
45:intercalary month
16:(Redirected from
4884:
2850:
2848:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2768:Egyptian Seasons
2753:Preceded by
2750:
2745:
2744:, pp. 33–47
2732:
2699:
2693:
2677:
2671:
2658:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2571:
2565:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2534:
2528:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2456:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2425:Spalinger (1995)
2422:
2416:
2415:, pp. 45–7.
2413:Spalinger (1995)
2410:
2404:
2401:Spalinger (1995)
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2377:Spalinger (1995)
2374:
2368:
2365:Spalinger (1995)
2362:
2356:
2350:
2337:
2334:Spalinger (1995)
2331:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2271:Spalinger (1995)
2268:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2161:
2159:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2074:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2007:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1944:", "epagomenic,
1937:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1853:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1801:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:2016 (21 Meshir
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1584:
1583:
1555:
1554:
1540: instead of
1522:
1521:
1501:Islamic calendar
1496:Hebrew calendars
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1269:, the Archangel.
1180:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1086:BC. Under this "
1085:
1082:in 30, 26, or 25
1077:
1062:
1042:
1034:
1019:
1011:
996:
981:
966:
963:Ngꜣ Wꜥb m Sḫt.f.
956:
919:
912:
907:
864:
828:
822:
776:
772:
768:
767:
745:
739:
708:
704:
700:
699:
673:
631:
627:
623:
622:
596:
563:
559:
555:
554:
532:
526:
488:
484:
480:
479:
462:
461:
444:
405:
401:
393:
381:
377:
369:
361:
355:
341:
326:
319:
311:
299:Ancient Egyptian
288:
277:
276:
267:
266:
253:
221:
220:
178:
174:
170:
169:
147:
141:
112:
108:
104:
103:
67:and six days in
21:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4807:
4644:
4481:
4318:
4155:
3992:
3829:
3666:
3503:
3340:
3177:
3014:
2851:
2844:
2831:
2829:Coptic calendar
2825:
2791:
2787:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2736:
2730:
2703:
2691:
2681:
2669:
2662:
2656:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2572:
2568:
2556:
2552:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2459:
2450:Coptic Heritage
2444:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2340:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2164:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2008:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1875:
1856:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1685:
1665:
1661:
1631:
1626:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1594:Without proper
1585:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1565:Without proper
1556:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1532:Without proper
1523:
1519:
1514:
1462:
1442:
1436:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1394:
1388:
1372:(11 September)
1192:Commemorations
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1122:Julian calendar
1118:Coptic calendar
1114:
1112:Coptic calendar
1108:
1083:
1075:
938:. By the early
917:
910:
868:heliacal rising
863:4th century BC,
862:
859:
829:
824:
823:
817:
795:
781:
746:
741:
740:
734:
717:
712:
678:
674:
668:
601:
597:
591:
533:
528:
527:
521:
507:
478:
473:
403:
388:Egyptian Arabic
379:
357:
351:
345:following month
322:
222:
216:
215:
213:
198:
185:
148:
143:
142:
139:
116:
102:
73:heliacal rising
51:of the ancient
49:epagomenal days
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4890:
4888:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4859:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2783:
2780:
2763:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2741:Vol. 54, No. 1
2734:
2728:
2701:
2679:
2660:
2654:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2606:
2604:, p. 402.
2594:
2582:
2566:
2550:
2529:
2513:
2506:
2474:
2457:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2338:
2323:
2311:
2299:
2287:
2275:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2179:
2162:
2138:
2131:
2101:
2064:
2052:
2014:
2012:, p. 196.
1995:
1984:on 3 July 2019
1960:
1932:
1917:
1897:"intercalary,
1889:
1854:
1850:Clagett (1995)
1839:
1832:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1750:2015 (6 Epag.
1739:
1718:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1607:
1606:
1598:, you may see
1586:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1569:, you may see
1557:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1536:, you may see
1524:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1506:Sansculottides
1503:
1498:
1489:
1476:
1461:
1458:
1435:
1432:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1347:, the "Naked".
1341:
1340:, the Prophet.
1334:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:, the Apostle.
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1172:Diocletian era
1107:
1104:
1072:Canopus Decree
1050:
1049:
1022:
999:
984:
969:
940:Middle Kingdom
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
814:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:
802:
799:
792:
789:
786:
783:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
731:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
714:
696:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
477:
474:
472:
469:
372:Pikouji n'Abot
368:Ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲃⲟⲧ
359:Pi Kogi Enavot
303:Hrw 5 Ḥry Rnpt
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
193:
190:
187:
182:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
101:
98:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4889:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
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3209:
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3146:
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3141:
3139:
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3126:
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3119:
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3106:
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3101:
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3017:
3011:
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2988:
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2847:[refresh]
2842:
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2729:9780810874572
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2655:9780871692146
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2507:9780521782531
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:Parker (1950)
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2427:, p. 34.
2426:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2379:, p. 46.
2378:
2373:
2370:
2367:, p. 38.
2366:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:, p. 33.
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2309:, p. 56.
2308:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2285:, p. 77.
2284:
2279:
2276:
2273:, p. 35.
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:, p. 64.
2257:
2256:Parker (1950)
2252:
2249:
2246:, p. 32.
2245:
2244:Parker (1950)
2240:
2237:
2234:, p. 23.
2233:
2232:Parker (1950)
2228:
2225:
2222:, p. 29.
2221:
2220:Parker (1950)
2216:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2197:Official site
2196:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:9781412941648
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2062:, p. 46.
2061:
2060:Parker (1950)
2056:
2053:
2042:on 2017-02-06
2038:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:"epagomenal,
1936:
1933:
1929:
1928:Dawood (2007)
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:, p. 29.
1851:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1833:9780810870574
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1772:
1757:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1590:Ethiopic text
1572:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
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1488:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1350:Departure of
1349:
1346:
1343:Departure of
1342:
1339:
1336:Departure of
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1324:10 September
1323:
1320:
1317:
1311:St. Inianamon
1310:
1308:, the Hermit.
1307:
1304:Departure of
1303:
1300:
1297:Departure of
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1278:
1275:Departure of
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1240:Departure of
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:Departure of
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:ḥwn ı͗my sš.f
1035:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
989:
985:
982:
980:
974:
970:
967:
965:
964:
957:
955:
949:
945:
944:
943:
941:
937:
936:Pyramid Texts
932:
930:
926:
922:
915:
908:
906:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
858:
854:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
827:
821:
816:
815:
803:
800:
793:
790:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
762:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
744:
738:
733:
732:
720:
715:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
677:
672:
667:
666:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
605:
600:
595:
590:
589:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
549:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
531:
530:Mswt Wsı͗r Ḥb
525:
520:
519:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
475:
470:
468:
466:
456:
452:
448:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
397:
389:
385:
373:
365:
360:
354:
348:
346:
342:
340:
334:
330:
325:
320:
318:
312:
310:
304:
300:
296:
295:ancient Egypt
291:
289:
287:
281:
271:
261:
258:
254:
252:
251:intercalārius
247:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
219:
212:
211:
194:
191:
188:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
146:
138:
137:
125:
122:
119:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:
99:
97:
95:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
4812:
2837:
2788:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2742:
2738:
2710:
2695:
2687:
2673:
2665:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2628:Bibliography
2616:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2569:
2553:
2543:
2532:
2516:
2484:
2477:
2472:, p. 8.
2449:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2314:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:, retrieved
2198:
2195:
2154:
2118:
2114:
2092:, retrieved
2082:
2055:
2044:, retrieved
2037:the original
2024:
2017:
1986:, retrieved
1979:the original
1973:
1963:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1930:, p. 3.
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1879:
1815:
1810:
1742:
1721:
1708:
1662:
1611:
1587:
1558:
1525:
1443:
1429:
1402:common years
1395:
1369:(29 August)
1299:St. Liberius
1292:9 September
1277:St. John XIV
1260:8 September
1235:7 September
1213:St. Eutychus
1206:6 September
1198:
1197:Intercalary
1176:
1130:common years
1115:
1096:common years
1066:
1057:
1051:
1037:
1032:Mswt Nbt-Ḥwt
1029:
1014:
1006:
991:
976:
959:
951:
933:
902:
892:
876:fourth month
860:
825:
742:
675:
598:
529:
464:
454:
450:
446:
434:
430:
424:
419:
395:
383:
371:
358:
352:
349:
336:
324:Heriu Renpet
323:
314:
306:
292:
283:
269:
259:
248:
243:
217:
144:
96:
65:common years
48:
44:
42:
2453:, p. 7
1818:, No. 107,
1483:Zoroastrian
1352:St. John XV
1345:St. Parsoma
1068:Ptolemy III
874:within the
832:hieroglyphs
749:hieroglyphs
743:Mswt Ꜣst Ḥb
681:hieroglyphs
604:hieroglyphs
536:hieroglyphs
353:Kouji Nabot
225:hieroglyphs
218:5 Ḥryw Rnpt
151:hieroglyphs
4861:Categories
2706:"Calendar"
2576:, p.
2560:, p.
2523:, p.
2496:, p.
2205:6 February
2094:6 February
2088:Alexandria
2046:2017-02-05
1988:7 February
1909:, Oxford:
1784:References
1733:1900, see
1479:Babylonian
1416:2100 (2092
1406:leap years
1321:28 August
1306:St. Poimen
1289:27 August
1257:26 August
1232:25 August
1220:Antiochian
1203:24 August
1189:Gregorian
1134:leap years
1100:leap years
1017:Mswt n Ꜣst
954:Mswt Wsı͗r
925:apotropaic
914:Wep Renpet
888:Roman eras
861:Until the
286:epagomenae
275:ἐπαγόμεναι
270:epagómenai
265:ἐπαγόμενοι
260:epagómenoi
92:leap years
81:12th month
69:leap years
37:See also:
18:Epagomenal
2775:Ḥryw Rnpt
2490:Cambridge
1789:Citations
1454:Parwanaya
1242:St. Titus
1060:ı͗r ḥrywt
905:Sḥtp Sḫmt
884:Ptolemaic
818:Birth of
735:Birth of
669:Birth of
592:Birth of
522:Birth of
435:Phagumien
431:Paguemain
416:romanized
317:Ḥryw Rnpt
280:Latinized
145:Ḥryw Rnpt
89:Gregorian
3998:Parmouti
3835:Paremhat
2716:Plymouth
2685:(1950),
2639:Vol. II:
1820:Plymouth
1729:BC to AD
1466:Egyptian
1460:See also
1136:since AD
1080:Augustus
1026:Nephthys
1009:Mswt Ꜣst
994:Mswt Stẖ
820:Nephthys
676:Mswt Stẖ
447:Ṗagʷəmen
427:Ethiopia
396:en-Nasiʾ
53:Egyptian
4161:Pashons
2843:, 1741
2841:Thout 9
2155:Selamta
1492:Persian
1450:Mandaic
1267:Raphael
1186:Julian
1183:Coptic
979:Mswt Ḥr
899:Sekhmet
895:pharaoh
878:of the
599:Mswt Ḥr
476:Ancient
455:Pagumay
439:Amharic
410:of the
384:Al-Nasi
4650:Mesori
3672:Meshir
3183:Hathor
2838:Today:
2726:
2652:
2504:
2158:, 2015
2129:
2117:Vol. I
1913:, 1900
1830:
1776:1732).
1774:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1735:Parker
1731:
1727:
1561:Coptic
1485:, and
1472:, and
1470:Coptic
1418:
1414:
1164:
1155:2100 (
1153:
1149:
1140:1900 (
1138:
1106:Coptic
1092:Julian
1084:
1076:
1046:Sirius
948:Osiris
918:
911:
872:Sirius
524:Osiris
465:Ṗagume
451:Pagume
404:
392:النسيء
380:
364:Coptic
339:Ḏḥwtyt
329:Parker
85:Julian
77:Sirius
59:, and
57:Coptic
4324:Paoni
3346:Koiak
3020:Paopi
2857:Thout
2692:(PDF)
2670:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2040:(PDF)
2029:(PDF)
1982:(PDF)
1884:(PDF)
1714:Horus
1563:text.
1530:text.
1512:Notes
1412:in AD
1331:Cairo
973:Horus
929:linen
921:Thoth
594:Horus
453:, or
420:Nasie
408:Nasi'
333:Thoth
309:Hrw 5
268:) or
257:Greek
246:Latin
100:Names
32:Nasi'
4487:Epip
3509:Tobi
2724:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2207:2017
2127:ISBN
2096:2017
1990:2017
1946:adj.
1942:adj.
1899:adj.
1828:ISBN
1824:70–1
1494:and
1444:The
1366:(6)
1338:Amos
1003:Isis
886:and
855:and
737:Isis
443:ጳጐሜን
87:and
43:The
2789:Ꜣḫt
2760:Šmw
2578:234
2562:232
2525:402
2123:128
1952:",
1905:",
1427:).
1070:'s
1013:or
988:Set
901:" (
870:of
830:in
747:in
679:in
671:Set
602:in
534:in
467:).
460:ጳጉሜ
449:),
425:In
418:as
400:lit
376:lit
356:or
293:In
282:as
223:in
149:in
75:of
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