687:
220:
560:
744:
1270:
514:
732:
668:
971:
775:
1209:
367:
1225:
231:
580:
391:
31:
1240:
545:
530:
43:
1194:
959:
1258:
621:'s general officers and were widely worn by officers of the armies of Venezuela, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Bolivia; all of which formerly wore uniforms closely following the Imperial German model. The Chilean Army still retains the German style of epaulette in the uniforms of its ceremonial units, the Military Academy and the NCO School while the 5th Cavalry Regiment "Aca Caraya" of the
991:
351:
or first officer, and two for either a first officer or second officer. However, rank insignia are airline specific. For example, at some airlines, two stripes denote junior first officer and one stripe second officer (cruise or relief pilot). Airline captains' uniform caps usually will have a braid pattern on the bill. These uniform specifications change depending on the company's policy.
1099:
686:
1166:
In 1851, the epaulettes became universally gold. Both majors and second lieutenants had no specific insignia. A major would have been recognizable as he would have worn a senior field officer's more elaborate epaulette fringes. The rank insignia was silver for senior officers and gold for the bars of
604:
uniforms were known for a four cord braided "figure-of-eight" decoration which acted as a shoulder board for senior and general officers. This was called a "shoulder knot" and was in silver with the specialty color piping (for field officers) and silver with red border (for generals). Although it was
350:
Airline pilot uniform shirts generally include cloth flattened tubular epaulettes having cloth or bullion braid stripes, attached by shoulder straps integral to the shirts. The rank of the wearer is designated by the number of stripes: traditionally four for a captain, three for senior first officer
1181:
and sleeve stripes appropriate to their rank and branch of service. Deck officers wear a foul anchor above the stripes on their shoulder marks, and engineering officers wear a three-bladed propeller. In the U.S. Merchant Marine, the correct wear of shoulder marks depicting the fouled anchor is with
596:
Until World War I, officers of the
Imperial German Army generally wore silver epaulettes as a distinguishing feature of their full-dress uniforms. For ranks up to and including captain these were "scale" epaulettes without fringes, for majors and colonels with fine fringes and for generals with a
288:
By the early 18th century, epaulettes had become the distinguishing feature of commissioned rank. This led officers of military units still without epaulettes to petition for the right to wear epaulettes to ensure that their status would be recognized. During the
Napoleonic Wars and subsequently
1028:
In 1855, army officers' large, gold-fringed epaulettes were abolished and replaced by a simplified equivalent officially known as twisted shoulder-cords. These were generally worn with full dress uniforms. Naval officers retained the historic fringed epaulettes for full dress during this period.
943:
in the second half of the 18th century. The epaulette was officially incorporated into
Swedish uniform regulations in 1792, although foreign recruited regiments had had them earlier. Senior officers were to wear golden crowns to distinguish their rank from lower ranking officers who wore golden
260:
From the 18th century on, epaulettes were used in the French and other armies to indicate rank. The rank of an officer could be determined by whether an epaulette was worn on the left shoulder, the right shoulder, or on both. Later a "counter-epaulette" (with no fringe) was worn on the opposite
452:
infantry regiments wore gold epaulettes in full dress, while those of mounted units wore silver. No insignia was worn on the epaulette itself, though the bullion fringe falling from the crescent differed according to rank. Other ranks of most branches of the infantry, as well as
1089:
In modern times, epaulettes are frequently worn by professionals within the ambulance service to signify clinical grade for easy identification. These are typically green in colour with gold writing and may contain one to three pips to signify higher managerial ranks.
513:
559:
206:
are also called epaulettes. The placement of the epaulette, its color and the length and diameter of its bullion fringe are used to signify the wearer's rank. At the join of the fringe and the shoulderpiece is often a metal piece in the form of a
484:
continued to wear their green and red epaulettes, except for a break from 1915 to 1930. In recent years, the Marine
Infantry and some other units have readopted their traditional fringed epaulettes in various colours for ceremonial parades. The
1162:
officers in 1832; infantry officers wore silver epaulettes, while those of the artillery and other branches wore gold epaulettes, following the French manner. The rank insignia was of a contrasting metal, silver on gold and vice versa.
667:
1167:
captains and first lieutenants. The choice of silver eagles over gold ones is thought to be one of economy; there were more cavalry and artillery colonels than infantry, so replacing the numerically fewer gold ones was cheaper.
1138:
in 1838 and wore the same epaulettes as captains except the straps were plain, and lieutenants wore a single epaulette similar to those of the commander, on the left shoulder. After 1852, captains, commanders, lieutenants,
1078:(DPM) have the insignia formerly used on shoulder straps displayed on a single strap worn vertically in the centre of the chest. Earlier DPM uniforms had shoulder straps on the shoulders, though only officers wore rank on
328:, which neither has a fringe nor extends beyond the shoulder seam. This originated during the 19th century as a simplified version for service wear of the heavy and conspicuous full dress epaulette with bullion fringes.
947:
Epaulettes were discontinued on the field uniform in the mid-19th century, switching to rank insignia on the collar of the uniform jacket. Epaulettes were discontinued when they were removed from the general issue
970:
1129:
wore only one, on the right shoulder. By 1802, lieutenants wore their epaulette on the left shoulder, with lieutenants in command of a vessel wearing them on the right shoulder; after the creation of the rank of
272:
Apart from that, flexible metal epaulettes were quite popular among certain armies in the 19th century, but were rarely worn on the field. Referred to as shoulder scales, they were e.g. an accoutrement of the
347:, a flat cloth tube that is worn over the shoulder strap and carries embroidered or pinned-on rank insignia. The advantages of this are the ability to easily change the insignia as occasions warrant.
1269:
1134:, they wore their epaulettes on the right shoulder similar to lieutenants in command. By 1842, captains wore epaulettes on each shoulder with a star on the straps, master commandant were renamed
202:, a small strap parallel to the shoulder seam, and the button near the collar, or by laces on the underside of the epaulette passing through holes in the shoulder of the coat. Colloquially, any
257:
from slipping. These ribbons were tied into a knot that left the fringed end free. This established the basic design of the epaulette as it evolved through the 18th and 19th centuries.
241:
has initials on the epaulettes that stand for
Medical Service. The length on the epaulettes distinguishes rank; in this case the 2.5-inch length indicates the rank of assistant surgeon.
150:
In the French and other armies, epaulettes are also worn by all ranks of elite or ceremonial units when on parade. It may bear rank or other insignia, and should not be confused with a
743:
219:
154:– also called a shoulder board, rank slide, or slip-on – a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform (although the two terms are often used interchangeably).
1289:
597:
heavy fringe. The base of the epaulette was of regimental colors. For ordinary duty, dress "shoulder-cords" of silver braid intertwined with state colors, were worn.
958:
731:
1224:
301:
and other specialist categories of infantry in many
European armies wore cloth epaulettes with wool fringes in various colors to distinguish them from ordinary
1239:
1208:
544:
520:
473:
1071:, this was found to make officers a target for snipers, so the insignia was frequently moved to the shoulder straps, where it was less conspicuous.
429:
529:
51:
1584:
461:, yellow for Colonial Infantry etc.) with woollen fringes, of a traditional pattern that dated back to the 18th century. Other cavalry such as
282:
1481:
1460:
650:
382:. Trumpeters of the Royal Escort are distinguished by all red epaulettes while officers of the two units wear silver or gold respectively.
661:
saying, "We must destroy half of those in the plains and must not leave a single colored person in the colony who has worn an epaulette.”
925:
1561:
1416:
1378:
629:
uniforms). Epaulettes of the German pattern (as well as shoulder knots) are used by officers of ceremonial units and schools of the
472:
In the modern French Army, epaulettes are still worn by those units retaining 19th-century-style full dress uniforms, notably the
1506:
1193:
1086:
were worn on the rank slides. This practice continued into later patterns where rank was worn on the chest, rank was also added.
1056:
to protect against sword blows landing on the shoulder. The blue "Number 1 dress" uniforms of some
British cavalry regiments and
1042:
433:
278:
249:
of ancient Greco-Roman military costumes. However, their direct origin lies in the bunches of ribbons worn on the shoulders of
819:
437:
366:
1754:
1728:
1676:
1067:
stopped wearing epaulettes in the field, switching to rank insignia embroidered on the cuffs of the uniform jacket. During
1021:
with at least three years seniority had two plain epaulettes, while a junior captain wore one on the right shoulder, and a
1702:
1650:
1613:
Major R.M. Barnes, page 260 "A History of the
Regiments and Uniforms of the British Army", First Sphere Books edition 1972
952:
in the 1930s. They are, however, still worn by the Royal
Lifeguards and by military bands when in ceremonial full dress.
1803:
1257:
1249:
774:
469:
and chasseurs à cheval wore special epaulettes of a style originally intended to deflect sword blows from the shoulder.
211:. Although originally worn in the field, epaulettes are now normally limited to dress or ceremonial military uniforms.
1034:
1029:
These were officially worn until 1960 when they were replaced with shoulder boards. Today, only the officers of the
579:
390:
30:
1793:
1551:
1245:
823:
1313:
1798:
1135:
1131:
696:
1442:
883:, here: lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Life Dragoon Pskov Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna regiment
523:
in full uniform. The gold epaulettes shown are those of cadet officers, while those of ordinary cadets are red.
254:
230:
1082:
which attached to these straps, other ranks wore rank on the upper right sleeve at this time though later on
1122:
601:
399:
35:
425:
uniforms. Epaulettes in the form of shoulder boards are worn with the officer's white Naval
Service Dress.
42:
1788:
890:
618:
493:
do not use epaulettes, but non-commissioned and commissioned officers wear a gilded shoulder strap called
1293:
764:
760:
551:
481:
410:
321:
274:
1083:
477:
1592:
1174:
1075:
677:
505:
490:
375:
374:
In the Belgian army, red epaulettes with white fringes are worn with the ceremonial uniforms of the
1338:
1199:
1030:
1013:
uniform regulations in 1795, although some officers wore them before this date. Under this system,
250:
1230:
725:, western style uniforms and court dresses were adopted. Gold epaulettes were worn in full dress.
418:
253:
at the end of the 17th century, which were partially decorative and partially intended to prevent
1159:
1114:
1107:
1079:
658:
646:
20:
871:(junior non-commissioned officer) of the 3rd Smolensk lancers HIM Emperor Alexander III regiment
143:
and other organizations. Flexible metal epaulettes (usually made from brass) are referred to as
1813:
1557:
1477:
1456:
1412:
1374:
1308:
1275:
1148:
692:
614:
536:
24:
1808:
1144:
768:
625:
sports both epaulettes and shoulder knots in its dress uniforms (save for a platoon wearing
486:
355:
102:
1103:
1018:
767:
sported different forms of epaulettes for its officers and senior NCOs. Today the current
622:
306:
172:
58:
47:
1394:
645:, were frequently worn throughout the 18th and 19th centuries in full dress. During the
1178:
1152:
1009:
in the second half of the 18th century. The epaulette was officially incorporated into
921:
905:
722:
337:
325:
294:
195:
1782:
1631:
R.M. Barnes page 316 "Military Uniforms of Britain and the Empire", Sphere Books 1972
1038:
994:
868:
630:
344:
302:
203:
151:
136:
87:
1333:
1064:
1014:
854:
610:
395:
336:
Today, epaulettes have mostly been replaced by a five-sided flap of cloth called a
990:
964:
Royal Lifeguards Officer in ceremonial full dress at the Royal Palace in Stockholm
497:, the original function of which was to clip the epaulette onto the shoulder. The
269:
for officers and in cloth of various colors for the enlisted men of various arms.
1758:
1732:
1680:
1303:
1068:
654:
457:
wore detachable epaulettes of various colours (red for line infantry, green for
449:
403:
140:
1706:
1654:
1528:
340:, which is sewn into the shoulder seam and the end buttoned like an epaulette.
1126:
1010:
949:
704:
606:
454:
422:
414:
379:
314:
298:
290:
177:
226:
wearing shoulder ribbons, an early type of epaulette of the late 17th century
1098:
1053:
1022:
844:
809:
626:
310:
261:
shoulder of those who wore only a single epaulette. Epaulettes were made in
223:
1170:
Shoulder straps were adopted to replace epaulettes for field duty in 1836.
980:
wearing an admiral's uniform, as shown by the three stars on his epaulettes
135:) is a type of ornamental shoulder piece or decoration used as insignia of
877:, here: podyesaul of Russian Kizlyar-Grebensky 1st Cossack horse regiment.
1298:
1057:
1049:
998:
977:
799:
718:
466:
458:
246:
208:
1359:“Uniform Dress Guidelines”. Canadian Coast Guard. ver 26 06/27/08, p. 7
1006:
940:
914:, here: flagship mechanical engineer, Fleet Engineer Mechanical Corps.
1140:
1048:
British cavalry on active service in the Sudan (1898) and during the
1001:
insignia. The shoulder strap is attached with hook-and-loop fastener.
937:
462:
262:
63:
1017:
wore silver stars on their epaulettes to distinguish their ranks. A
1097:
989:
773:
700:
680:, wears a four-starred general-in-chief's uniform with epaulettes.
673:
642:
389:
365:
358:
in the first decade of the 2000s, including epaulettes on shirts.
229:
218:
41:
29:
1496:
page 590, Volume XXVII, Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
802:
of the 13th Life Grenadier Erivan His Imperial Majesty's regiment
1215:
266:
1455:
André Jouineau, Officers and Soldiers of the French Army 1914,
749:
Another depiction of Ottoman government officials in full dress
609:. A similar form of shoulder knot was worn by officers of the
1060:
units still retain this feature in ornamental silvered form.
997:
of a contemporary British OG (Olive Green) pullover with RAF
1640:
Rankin, Col. Robert H.: "Uniforms of the Sea Services", 1962
1443:"10 Clothing Items That Will Definitely Make You Look Dated"
120:
114:
108:
1063:
With the introduction of khaki service dress in 1902, the
1182:
the un-fouled stock of the anchor forward on the wearer.
565:
Gendarmerie nationale cadet in full uniform. Notice the
501:
are also worn by Army generals on their dress uniforms.
1278:, Emperor of Brazil (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV)
1074:
The current multi-terrain pattern (MTP) and the older
605:
once seen on US Army uniforms, it remains only in the
1585:"Epaulettes at the National Maritime Museum website"
837:, here: captain of the Mikhailovsky artillery school
123:
117:
111:
1509:. New England Publishing Company. 1903. p. 281
320:An intermediate form in some services, such as the
105:
617:today. Epaulettes of this pattern are used by the
16:Decorative shoulder covering for military uniforms
245:Epaulettes bear some resemblance to the shoulder
613:in full dress until 1914 and is retained by the
46:Components and structure of the epaulette of an
1622:Section 24 "Dress Regulations for the Army 1900
1119:Uniform of the Navy of the United States, 1797
1052:(1899–1902) sometimes wore epaulettes made of
370:Belgian Grenadiers with red fringed epaulettes
176:) is a French word meaning "little shoulder" (
1529:"General Leclerc in Saint-Domingue 1801–1802"
194:Epaulettes are fastened to the shoulder by a
8:
822:of Russian Vyborg 85th infantry regiment of
181:
162:
1117:in the first official uniform regulations,
737:Ottoman government officials in full dress
343:From the shoulder board was developed the
309:wore epaulette-esque shoulder pads. Heavy
413:, epaulettes are still worn on some Army
19:For the first Belgian postage stamp, see
1474:Officers et Soldats de L'Armee Francaise
1411:John Mollo, page 49 "Military Fashion",
783:Types of epaulette of the Russian Empire
778:Types of epaulette of the Russian Empire
578:
569:keeping the epaulette onto the shoulder.
1325:
1189:
954:
727:
663:
509:
440:wore epaulettes of braided gold cord.
1155:and chief engineers wore epaulettes.
1005:Epaulettes first appeared on British
378:while fully red ones are worn by the
171:
7:
1263:Ivan Skobelev, Russian general, 1826
1125:wore an epaulette on each shoulder,
695:, former battalion commander of the
354:Military-inspired civilian clothing
1113:Epaulettes were authorized for the
847:of Life Guards Lithuanian regiment.
771:continues the epaulette tradition.
1158:Epaulettes were specified for all
434:distinctive environmental uniforms
14:
1431:, page 5. Osprey Publishing, 1977
926:Imperial Military medical Academy
703:controlling the entire island of
1371:A Dictionary of Military Uniform
1268:
1256:
1238:
1223:
1207:
1192:
1153:masters in the line of promotion
969:
957:
742:
730:
685:
666:
558:
543:
528:
512:
432:, and prior to the issue of the
101:
1043:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
550:Red and green epaulette of the
1441:Frazier Tharpe (27 May 2014).
1106:wearing epaulettes during the
591:of the German Empire 1871-1918
313:wore small balls representing
1:
1550:Dayan, Joan (10 March 1998).
936:Epaulettes first appeared on
812:of the 46th Artillery brigade
600:During the period 1919–1945,
448:Until 1914, officers of most
235:
1553:Haiti, History, and the Gods
1233:, Venezuelan military leader
699:, later became President of
1755:"Uniform Regulations, 1852"
1729:"Uniform Regulations, 1842"
1703:"Uniform Regulations, 1814"
1677:"Uniform Regulations, 1802"
1651:"Uniform Regulations, 1797"
1045:retain fringed epaulettes.
1035:Military Knights of Windsor
1832:
1246:Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana
503:
289:through the 19th century,
204:shoulder straps with marks
18:
1173:Licensed officers of the
824:German Emperor Wilhelm II
697:French Revolutionary Army
535:Yellow epaulettes of the
506:Commons:Category:Attentes
430:unification of the Forces
234:This US Navy coatee from
23:. For the racehorse, see
1429:The Royal Navy 1790–1970
1314:Swallow's nest (uniform)
1037:, the Elder Brethren of
587:, and the corresponding
1334:"Definition of EPAULET"
1147:, passed assistant and
908:, veterinary physician.
400:Maritime Command Museum
186:, meaning "shoulder").
36:French Republican Guard
1507:"Education, Volume 23"
1369:Carman, W. Y. (1977).
1292:in the uniform of the
1110:
1002:
891:General of the cavalry
779:
619:Republic of Korea Army
593:
406:
371:
242:
227:
182:
163:
93:
52:46th Artillery Brigade
39:
1472:Gaujac, Paul (2012).
1427:Wilkinson-Latham, R:
1294:Boy Scouts of America
1101:
993:
777:
765:Imperial Russian Navy
761:Imperial Russian Army
707:for twenty-two years.
676:revolutionary leader
582:
552:French Foreign Legion
482:French Foreign Legion
411:Canadian Armed Forces
393:
369:
285:, from 1854 to 1872.
233:
222:
45:
33:
1683:on 14 September 2009
1595:on 30 September 2007
1175:U.S. Merchant Marine
678:Toussaint Louverture
317:on their shoulders.
50:lieutenant-colonel,
1804:Fashion accessories
1339:Merriam-Webster.com
1250:President of Mexico
1214:Royal Guardsman in
1200:Carl von Clausewitz
1031:Yeomen of the Guard
924:, Professor of the
641:Gold epaulettes in
436:, musicians of the
1531:. Brown University
1202:, Prussian general
1160:United States Army
1149:assistant surgeons
1132:master commandants
1115:United States Navy
1111:
1108:American Civil War
1003:
906:Titular councillor
865:Of the lower ranks
780:
659:Napoleon Bonaparte
657:wrote a letter to
647:Haitian Revolution
594:
478:Garde Républicaine
407:
372:
332:Modern derivations
243:
228:
173:[e.po.lɛt]
94:
77:6. Branch insignia
75:5. Stars (or pips)
40:
21:Epaulettes (stamp)
1794:Military uniforms
1483:978-2-35250-195-4
1461:978-2-352-50104-6
1395:"Military jacket"
1084:regimental titles
1025:one on the left.
902:Subaltern-officer
875:Subaltern-officer
835:Subaltern-officer
796:Subaltern-officer
693:Jean-Pierre Boyer
615:Household Cavalry
92:
25:Epaulette (horse)
1821:
1799:Scouting uniform
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1757:. Archived from
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1731:. Archived from
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1705:. Archived from
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1679:. Archived from
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1653:. Archived from
1647:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:. Archived from
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1469:
1463:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1272:
1260:
1242:
1227:
1211:
1196:
973:
961:
922:Privy councillor
769:Kremlin Regiment
746:
734:
689:
670:
562:
547:
532:
516:
487:Marine nationale
307:Flying artillery
240:
237:
185:
175:
170:
166:
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
91:
90:
55:
48:Imperial Russian
1831:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1761:on 7 April 2010
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1735:on 7 April 2010
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1709:on 7 April 2010
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1657:on 25 June 2009
1649:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1556:. p. XVI.
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1410:
1406:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1373:. p. 100.
1368:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1197:
1188:
1104:Charles Griffin
1096:
988:
981:
974:
965:
962:
934:
915:
909:
899:
894:
884:
878:
872:
867:, here: junior
862:
857:
848:
838:
832:
827:
813:
803:
793:
757:
750:
747:
738:
735:
715:
708:
690:
681:
671:
651:Charles Leclerc
639:
623:Paraguayan Army
592:
577:
570:
563:
554:
548:
539:
533:
524:
517:
508:
446:
388:
364:
334:
238:
217:
192:
168:
160:
145:shoulder scales
131:; also spelled
104:
100:
85:
84:
83:9. Neck (bezel)
82:
80:
78:
76:
74:
73:/shoulder strap
68:
66:
61:
56:
54:
38:with epaulettes
34:Officer of the
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
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1386:
1379:
1361:
1352:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:Shoulder loops
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1179:shoulder marks
1095:
1092:
1076:combat uniform
987:
986:United Kingdom
984:
983:
982:
975:
968:
966:
963:
956:
933:
930:
787:
786:
784:
756:
755:Russian Empire
753:
752:
751:
748:
741:
739:
736:
729:
723:Ottoman Empire
721:period in the
714:
713:Ottoman Empire
711:
710:
709:
691:
684:
682:
672:
665:
638:
635:
589:shoulder knots
583:
576:
573:
572:
571:
564:
557:
555:
549:
542:
540:
537:French Marines
534:
527:
525:
519:Cadets of the
518:
511:
491:Armée de l'Air
445:
442:
394:Epaulettes of
387:
384:
363:
360:
356:became popular
338:shoulder board
333:
330:
326:shoulder board
295:light infantry
255:shoulder belts
251:military coats
216:
213:
196:shoulder strap
191:
188:
159:
156:
81:8. Unit number
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1827:
1826:
1815:
1812:
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1789:Military life
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1577:
1565:
1563:9780520213685
1559:
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1476:. p. 9.
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1417:0-214-65349-8
1414:
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1400:
1396:
1390:
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1380:0-684-15130-8
1376:
1372:
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1283:
1277:
1271:
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1231:Simón Bolívar
1226:
1221:
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1201:
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1185:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
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1094:United States
1093:
1091:
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1085:
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1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
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1040:
1039:Trinity House
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:flag officers
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
995:Shoulder mark
992:
985:
979:
976:Swedish king
972:
967:
960:
955:
953:
951:
950:dress uniform
945:
942:
939:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
913:
912:Staff-officer
907:
903:
898:
892:
888:
882:
881:Staff-officer
876:
870:
869:unteroffizier
866:
861:
856:
852:
846:
842:
841:Staff-officer
836:
831:
825:
821:
820:Field marshal
817:
811:
807:
806:Staff-officer
801:
797:
792:
785:
782:
781:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
754:
745:
740:
733:
728:
726:
724:
720:
712:
706:
702:
698:
694:
688:
683:
679:
675:
669:
664:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
634:
632:
631:Bolivian Army
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
598:
590:
586:
581:
574:
568:
561:
556:
553:
546:
541:
538:
531:
526:
522:
521:ESM Saint-Cyr
515:
510:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
479:
475:
474:ESM Saint-Cyr
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
405:
401:
397:
392:
385:
383:
381:
377:
368:
361:
359:
357:
352:
348:
346:
345:shoulder mark
341:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:line infantry
300:
296:
292:
286:
284:
280:
276:
270:
268:
264:
258:
256:
252:
248:
232:
225:
221:
214:
212:
210:
205:
201:
197:
189:
187:
184:
179:
174:
165:
157:
155:
153:
152:shoulder mark
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
128:
98:
89:
72:
65:
60:
53:
49:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
1776:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:the original
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:the original
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:the original
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1588:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1552:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1473:
1467:
1451:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1337:
1328:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1118:
1112:
1088:
1073:
1065:British Army
1062:
1047:
1027:
1004:
946:
935:
917:
911:
901:
896:
886:
880:
874:
864:
859:
855:Vice-Admiral
850:
840:
834:
829:
815:
805:
795:
790:
788:
758:
716:
640:
611:British Army
607:mess uniform
599:
595:
588:
584:
566:
498:
494:
471:
447:
438:Music Branch
427:
419:Patrol Dress
408:
396:Provo Wallis
376:Royal Escort
373:
353:
349:
342:
335:
322:Russian Army
319:
287:
283:US Artillery
271:
259:
244:
199:
193:
161:
149:
144:
141:armed forces
132:
96:
95:
70:
1304:Aiguillette
1127:lieutenants
1080:rank slides
1069:World War I
851:Flagofficer
717:During the
655:French Army
602:German Army
455:cuirassiers
450:French Army
404:CFB Halifax
279:US Infantry
239: 1862
190:How to wear
1783:Categories
1765:22 October
1739:22 October
1713:22 October
1687:22 October
1661:22 October
1320:References
1102:Maj. Gen.
1011:Royal Navy
705:Hispaniola
585:Epauletten
504:See also:
428:After the
423:Mess Dress
415:Full Dress
380:Grenadiers
315:ammunition
299:voltigeurs
291:grenadiers
275:US Cavalry
178:diminutive
1589:NMM.ac.uk
1569:4 January
1535:4 January
1513:4 January
1177:may wear
1136:commander
1054:chainmail
1023:commander
845:polkovnik
810:polkovnik
759:Both the
627:Chaco War
459:Chasseurs
324:, is the
311:artillery
224:Louis XIV
200:passenten
164:Épaulette
158:Etymology
97:Epaulette
1814:Shoulder
1599:30 April
1345:30 April
1309:Attentes
1299:Spaulder
1284:See also
1218:, Norway
1145:surgeons
1123:Captains
1058:yeomanry
1050:Boer War
1041:and the
1007:uniforms
999:Sergeant
978:Oscar II
941:uniforms
920:, here:
904:, here:
889:, here:
853:, here:
843:, here:
818:, here:
808:, here:
800:poruchik
798:, here:
791:Infantry
763:and the
719:Tanzimat
499:attentes
495:attentes
489:and the
476:and the
467:dragoons
281:and the
247:pteruges
209:crescent
79:7. Field
67:3. Spine
1809:Armwear
1399:The Met
1276:Pedro I
1186:Gallery
1141:pursers
1019:captain
944:stars.
938:Swedish
918:General
887:General
860:Cavalry
816:General
674:Haitian
653:of the
649:, Gen.
575:Germany
567:attente
463:hussars
409:In the
362:Belgium
215:History
169:French:
133:epaulet
71:Attente
1560:
1480:
1459:
1415:
1377:
1033:, the
932:Sweden
897:Others
830:Guards
480:. The
444:France
421:, and
386:Canada
263:silver
183:épaule
88:Fringe
64:Button
59:Lining
701:Haiti
643:Haiti
637:Haiti
1767:2009
1741:2009
1715:2009
1689:2009
1663:2009
1601:2017
1571:2015
1558:ISBN
1537:2015
1515:2015
1478:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1347:2017
1216:Oslo
916:4c.
910:4b.
900:4a.
885:3d.
879:3c.
873:3b.
863:3a.
849:2c.
839:2b.
833:2a.
814:1c.
804:1b.
794:1a.
267:gold
137:rank
86:10.
895:4.
858:3.
828:2.
789:1.
265:or
198:or
180:of
139:by
69:4.
62:2.
57:1.
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