698:
231:
571:
755:
1281:
525:
743:
679:
982:
786:
1220:
378:
1236:
242:
591:
402:
42:
1251:
556:
541:
54:
1205:
970:
1269:
632:'s general officers and were widely worn by officers of the armies of Venezuela, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Bolivia; all of which formerly wore uniforms closely following the Imperial German model. The Chilean Army still retains the German style of epaulette in the uniforms of its ceremonial units, the Military Academy and the NCO School while the 5th Cavalry Regiment "Aca Caraya" of the
1002:
362:
or first officer, and two for either a first officer or second officer. However, rank insignia are airline specific. For example, at some airlines, two stripes denote junior first officer and one stripe second officer (cruise or relief pilot). Airline captains' uniform caps usually will have a braid pattern on the bill. These uniform specifications change depending on the company's policy.
1110:
697:
1177:
In 1851, the epaulettes became universally gold. Both majors and second lieutenants had no specific insignia. A major would have been recognizable as he would have worn a senior field officer's more elaborate epaulette fringes. The rank insignia was silver for senior officers and gold for the bars of
615:
uniforms were known for a four cord braided "figure-of-eight" decoration which acted as a shoulder board for senior and general officers. This was called a "shoulder knot" and was in silver with the specialty color piping (for field officers) and silver with red border (for generals). Although it was
361:
Airline pilot uniform shirts generally include cloth flattened tubular epaulettes having cloth or bullion braid stripes, attached by shoulder straps integral to the shirts. The rank of the wearer is designated by the number of stripes: traditionally four for a captain, three for senior first officer
1192:
and sleeve stripes appropriate to their rank and branch of service. Deck officers wear a foul anchor above the stripes on their shoulder marks, and engineering officers wear a three-bladed propeller. In the U.S. Merchant Marine, the correct wear of shoulder marks depicting the fouled anchor is with
607:
Until World War I, officers of the
Imperial German Army generally wore silver epaulettes as a distinguishing feature of their full-dress uniforms. For ranks up to and including captain these were "scale" epaulettes without fringes, for majors and colonels with fine fringes and for generals with a
299:
By the early 18th century, epaulettes had become the distinguishing feature of commissioned rank. This led officers of military units still without epaulettes to petition for the right to wear epaulettes to ensure that their status would be recognized. During the
Napoleonic Wars and subsequently
1039:
In 1855, army officers' large, gold-fringed epaulettes were abolished and replaced by a simplified equivalent officially known as twisted shoulder-cords. These were generally worn with full dress uniforms. Naval officers retained the historic fringed epaulettes for full dress during this period.
954:
in the second half of the 18th century. The epaulette was officially incorporated into
Swedish uniform regulations in 1792, although foreign recruited regiments had had them earlier. Senior officers were to wear golden crowns to distinguish their rank from lower ranking officers who wore golden
271:
From the 18th century on, epaulettes were used in the French and other armies to indicate rank. The rank of an officer could be determined by whether an epaulette was worn on the left shoulder, the right shoulder, or on both. Later a "counter-epaulette" (with no fringe) was worn on the opposite
463:
infantry regiments wore gold epaulettes in full dress, while those of mounted units wore silver. No insignia was worn on the epaulette itself, though the bullion fringe falling from the crescent differed according to rank. Other ranks of most branches of the infantry, as well as
1100:
In modern times, epaulettes are frequently worn by professionals within the ambulance service to signify clinical grade for easy identification. These are typically green in colour with gold writing and may contain one to three pips to signify higher managerial ranks.
524:
570:
217:
are also called epaulettes. The placement of the epaulette, its color and the length and diameter of its bullion fringe are used to signify the wearer's rank. At the join of the fringe and the shoulderpiece is often a metal piece in the form of a
495:
continued to wear their green and red epaulettes, except for a break from 1915 to 1930. In recent years, the Marine
Infantry and some other units have readopted their traditional fringed epaulettes in various colours for ceremonial parades. The
1173:
officers in 1832; infantry officers wore silver epaulettes, while those of the artillery and other branches wore gold epaulettes, following the French manner. The rank insignia was of a contrasting metal, silver on gold and vice versa.
678:
1178:
captains and first lieutenants. The choice of silver eagles over gold ones is thought to be one of economy; there were more cavalry and artillery colonels than infantry, so replacing the numerically fewer gold ones was cheaper.
1149:
in 1838 and wore the same epaulettes as captains except the straps were plain, and lieutenants wore a single epaulette similar to those of the commander, on the left shoulder. After 1852, captains, commanders, lieutenants,
1089:(DPM) have the insignia formerly used on shoulder straps displayed on a single strap worn vertically in the centre of the chest. Earlier DPM uniforms had shoulder straps on the shoulders, though only officers wore rank on
339:, which neither has a fringe nor extends beyond the shoulder seam. This originated during the 19th century as a simplified version for service wear of the heavy and conspicuous full dress epaulette with bullion fringes.
958:
Epaulettes were discontinued on the field uniform in the mid-19th century, switching to rank insignia on the collar of the uniform jacket. Epaulettes were discontinued when they were removed from the general issue
981:
1140:
wore only one, on the right shoulder. By 1802, lieutenants wore their epaulette on the left shoulder, with lieutenants in command of a vessel wearing them on the right shoulder; after the creation of the rank of
283:
Apart from that, flexible metal epaulettes were quite popular among certain armies in the 19th century, but were rarely worn on the field. Referred to as shoulder scales, they were e.g. an accoutrement of the
358:, a flat cloth tube that is worn over the shoulder strap and carries embroidered or pinned-on rank insignia. The advantages of this are the ability to easily change the insignia as occasions warrant.
1280:
1145:, they wore their epaulettes on the right shoulder similar to lieutenants in command. By 1842, captains wore epaulettes on each shoulder with a star on the straps, master commandant were renamed
213:, a small strap parallel to the shoulder seam, and the button near the collar, or by laces on the underside of the epaulette passing through holes in the shoulder of the coat. Colloquially, any
268:
from slipping. These ribbons were tied into a knot that left the fringed end free. This established the basic design of the epaulette as it evolved through the 18th and 19th centuries.
252:
has initials on the epaulettes that stand for
Medical Service. The length on the epaulettes distinguishes rank; in this case the 2.5-inch length indicates the rank of assistant surgeon.
161:
In the French and other armies, epaulettes are also worn by all ranks of elite or ceremonial units when on parade. It may bear rank or other insignia, and should not be confused with a
754:
230:
165:– also called a shoulder board, rank slide, or slip-on – a flat cloth sleeve worn on the shoulder strap of a uniform (although the two terms are often used interchangeably).
1300:
608:
heavy fringe. The base of the epaulette was of regimental colors. For ordinary duty, dress "shoulder-cords" of silver braid intertwined with state colors, were worn.
969:
742:
1235:
312:
and other specialist categories of infantry in many
European armies wore cloth epaulettes with wool fringes in various colors to distinguish them from ordinary
1250:
1219:
555:
531:
484:
1082:, this was found to make officers a target for snipers, so the insignia was frequently moved to the shoulder straps, where it was less conspicuous.
440:
540:
62:
1595:
472:, yellow for Colonial Infantry etc.) with woollen fringes, of a traditional pattern that dated back to the 18th century. Other cavalry such as
293:
1492:
1471:
661:
393:. Trumpeters of the Royal Escort are distinguished by all red epaulettes while officers of the two units wear silver or gold respectively.
672:
saying, "We must destroy half of those in the plains and must not leave a single colored person in the colony who has worn an epaulette.”
936:
1572:
1427:
1389:
640:
uniforms). Epaulettes of the German pattern (as well as shoulder knots) are used by officers of ceremonial units and schools of the
483:
In the modern French Army, epaulettes are still worn by those units retaining 19th-century-style full dress uniforms, notably the
1517:
1204:
1097:
were worn on the rank slides. This practice continued into later patterns where rank was worn on the chest, rank was also added.
1067:
to protect against sword blows landing on the shoulder. The blue "Number 1 dress" uniforms of some
British cavalry regiments and
1053:
444:
289:
260:
of ancient Greco-Roman military costumes. However, their direct origin lies in the bunches of ribbons worn on the shoulders of
830:
448:
377:
1765:
1739:
1687:
1078:
stopped wearing epaulettes in the field, switching to rank insignia embroidered on the cuffs of the uniform jacket. During
1032:
with at least three years seniority had two plain epaulettes, while a junior captain wore one on the right shoulder, and a
1713:
1661:
1624:
Major R.M. Barnes, page 260 "A History of the
Regiments and Uniforms of the British Army", First Sphere Books edition 1972
963:
in the 1930s. They are, however, still worn by the Royal
Lifeguards and by military bands when in ceremonial full dress.
1814:
1268:
1260:
785:
480:
and chasseurs à cheval wore special epaulettes of a style originally intended to deflect sword blows from the shoulder.
222:. Although originally worn in the field, epaulettes are now normally limited to dress or ceremonial military uniforms.
1045:
1040:
These were officially worn until 1960 when they were replaced with shoulder boards. Today, only the officers of the
590:
401:
41:
1804:
1562:
1256:
834:
1324:
1809:
1146:
1142:
707:
1453:
894:, here: lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Life Dragoon Pskov Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna regiment
534:
in full uniform. The gold epaulettes shown are those of cadet officers, while those of ordinary cadets are red.
265:
241:
1093:
which attached to these straps, other ranks wore rank on the upper right sleeve at this time though later on
1133:
612:
410:
46:
436:
uniforms. Epaulettes in the form of shoulder boards are worn with the officer's white Naval
Service Dress.
53:
1799:
901:
629:
504:
do not use epaulettes, but non-commissioned and commissioned officers wear a gilded shoulder strap called
1304:
775:
771:
562:
492:
421:
332:
285:
1094:
488:
1603:
1185:
1086:
688:
516:
501:
386:
385:
In the Belgian army, red epaulettes with white fringes are worn with the ceremonial uniforms of the
1349:
1210:
1041:
1024:
uniform regulations in 1795, although some officers wore them before this date. Under this system,
261:
1241:
736:, western style uniforms and court dresses were adopted. Gold epaulettes were worn in full dress.
429:
264:
at the end of the 17th century, which were partially decorative and partially intended to prevent
1170:
1125:
1118:
1090:
669:
657:
31:
882:(junior non-commissioned officer) of the 3rd Smolensk lancers HIM Emperor Alexander III regiment
154:
and other organizations. Flexible metal epaulettes (usually made from brass) are referred to as
1824:
1568:
1488:
1467:
1423:
1385:
1319:
1286:
1159:
703:
625:
547:
35:
1819:
1155:
779:
636:
sports both epaulettes and shoulder knots in its dress uniforms (save for a platoon wearing
497:
366:
113:
1114:
1029:
778:
sported different forms of epaulettes for its officers and senior NCOs. Today the current
633:
317:
183:
69:
58:
1405:
656:, were frequently worn throughout the 18th and 19th centuries in full dress. During the
1189:
1163:
1020:
in the second half of the 18th century. The epaulette was officially incorporated into
932:
916:
733:
348:
336:
305:
206:
1793:
1642:
R.M. Barnes page 316 "Military Uniforms of Britain and the Empire", Sphere Books 1972
1049:
1005:
879:
641:
355:
313:
214:
162:
147:
98:
1344:
1075:
1025:
865:
621:
406:
347:
Today, epaulettes have mostly been replaced by a five-sided flap of cloth called a
1001:
975:
Royal Lifeguards Officer in ceremonial full dress at the Royal Palace in Stockholm
508:, the original function of which was to clip the epaulette onto the shoulder. The
280:
for officers and in cloth of various colors for the enlisted men of various arms.
1769:
1743:
1691:
1314:
1079:
665:
468:
wore detachable epaulettes of various colours (red for line infantry, green for
460:
414:
151:
1717:
1665:
1539:
351:, which is sewn into the shoulder seam and the end buttoned like an epaulette.
1137:
1021:
960:
715:
617:
465:
433:
425:
390:
325:
309:
301:
188:
237:
wearing shoulder ribbons, an early type of epaulette of the late 17th century
1109:
1064:
1033:
855:
820:
637:
321:
272:
shoulder of those who wore only a single epaulette. Epaulettes were made in
234:
1181:
Shoulder straps were adopted to replace epaulettes for field duty in 1836.
991:
wearing an admiral's uniform, as shown by the three stars on his epaulettes
146:) is a type of ornamental shoulder piece or decoration used as insignia of
888:, here: podyesaul of Russian Kizlyar-Grebensky 1st Cossack horse regiment.
17:
1309:
1068:
1060:
1009:
988:
810:
729:
477:
469:
257:
219:
1370:“Uniform Dress Guidelines”. Canadian Coast Guard. ver 26 06/27/08, p. 7
1017:
951:
925:, here: flagship mechanical engineer, Fleet Engineer Mechanical Corps.
1151:
1059:
British cavalry on active service in the Sudan (1898) and during the
1012:
insignia. The shoulder strap is attached with hook-and-loop fastener.
948:
473:
273:
74:
1028:
wore silver stars on their epaulettes to distinguish their ranks. A
1108:
1000:
784:
711:
691:, wears a four-starred general-in-chief's uniform with epaulettes.
684:
653:
400:
376:
369:
in the first decade of the 2000s, including epaulettes on shirts.
240:
229:
52:
40:
1507:
page 590, Volume XXVII, Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
813:
of the 13th Life Grenadier Erivan His Imperial Majesty's regiment
1226:
277:
1466:
André Jouineau, Officers and Soldiers of the French Army 1914,
760:
Another depiction of Ottoman government officials in full dress
620:. A similar form of shoulder knot was worn by officers of the
1071:
units still retain this feature in ornamental silvered form.
1008:
of a contemporary British OG (Olive Green) pullover with RAF
1651:
Rankin, Col. Robert H.: "Uniforms of the Sea Services", 1962
1454:"10 Clothing Items That Will Definitely Make You Look Dated"
131:
125:
119:
1074:
With the introduction of khaki service dress in 1902, the
1193:
the un-fouled stock of the anchor forward on the wearer.
576:
Gendarmerie nationale cadet in full uniform. Notice the
512:
are also worn by Army generals on their dress uniforms.
1289:, Emperor of Brazil (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV)
1085:
The current multi-terrain pattern (MTP) and the older
616:
once seen on US Army uniforms, it remains only in the
1596:"Epaulettes at the National Maritime Museum website"
848:, here: captain of the Mikhailovsky artillery school
134:
128:
122:
1520:. New England Publishing Company. 1903. p. 281
331:An intermediate form in some services, such as the
116:
628:today. Epaulettes of this pattern are used by the
27:Decorative shoulder covering for military uniforms
256:Epaulettes bear some resemblance to the shoulder
624:in full dress until 1914 and is retained by the
57:Components and structure of the epaulette of an
1633:Section 24 "Dress Regulations for the Army 1900
1130:Uniform of the Navy of the United States, 1797
1063:(1899–1902) sometimes wore epaulettes made of
381:Belgian Grenadiers with red fringed epaulettes
187:) is a French word meaning "little shoulder" (
1540:"General Leclerc in Saint-Domingue 1801–1802"
205:Epaulettes are fastened to the shoulder by a
8:
833:of Russian Vyborg 85th infantry regiment of
192:
173:
1128:in the first official uniform regulations,
748:Ottoman government officials in full dress
354:From the shoulder board was developed the
320:wore epaulette-esque shoulder pads. Heavy
424:, epaulettes are still worn on some Army
30:For the first Belgian postage stamp, see
1485:Officers et Soldats de L'Armee Francaise
1422:John Mollo, page 49 "Military Fashion",
794:Types of epaulette of the Russian Empire
789:Types of epaulette of the Russian Empire
589:
580:keeping the epaulette onto the shoulder.
1336:
1200:
965:
738:
674:
520:
451:wore epaulettes of braided gold cord.
1166:and chief engineers wore epaulettes.
1016:Epaulettes first appeared on British
389:while fully red ones are worn by the
182:
7:
1274:Ivan Skobelev, Russian general, 1826
1136:wore an epaulette on each shoulder,
706:, former battalion commander of the
365:Military-inspired civilian clothing
1124:Epaulettes were authorized for the
858:of Life Guards Lithuanian regiment.
782:continues the epaulette tradition.
1169:Epaulettes were specified for all
445:distinctive environmental uniforms
25:
1442:, page 5. Osprey Publishing, 1977
937:Imperial Military medical Academy
714:controlling the entire island of
1382:A Dictionary of Military Uniform
1279:
1267:
1249:
1234:
1218:
1203:
1164:masters in the line of promotion
980:
968:
753:
741:
696:
677:
569:
554:
539:
523:
443:, and prior to the issue of the
112:
1054:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
561:Red and green epaulette of the
1452:Frazier Tharpe (27 May 2014).
1117:wearing epaulettes during the
602:of the German Empire 1871-1918
324:wore small balls representing
1:
1561:Dayan, Joan (10 March 1998).
947:Epaulettes first appeared on
823:of the 46th Artillery brigade
611:During the period 1919–1945,
459:Until 1914, officers of most
246:
1564:Haiti, History, and the Gods
1244:, Venezuelan military leader
710:, later became President of
1766:"Uniform Regulations, 1852"
1740:"Uniform Regulations, 1842"
1714:"Uniform Regulations, 1814"
1688:"Uniform Regulations, 1802"
1662:"Uniform Regulations, 1797"
1056:retain fringed epaulettes.
1046:Military Knights of Windsor
1841:
1257:Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana
514:
300:through the 19th century,
215:shoulder straps with marks
29:
1184:Licensed officers of the
835:German Emperor Wilhelm II
708:French Revolutionary Army
546:Yellow epaulettes of the
517:Commons:Category:Attentes
441:unification of the Forces
245:This US Navy coatee from
34:. For the racehorse, see
1440:The Royal Navy 1790–1970
1325:Swallow's nest (uniform)
1048:, the Elder Brethren of
598:, and the corresponding
1345:"Definition of EPAULET"
1158:, passed assistant and
919:, veterinary physician.
411:Maritime Command Museum
197:, meaning "shoulder").
47:French Republican Guard
1518:"Education, Volume 23"
1380:Carman, W. Y. (1977).
1303:in the uniform of the
1121:
1013:
902:General of the cavalry
790:
630:Republic of Korea Army
604:
417:
382:
253:
238:
193:
174:
104:
63:46th Artillery Brigade
50:
1483:Gaujac, Paul (2012).
1438:Wilkinson-Latham, R:
1305:Boy Scouts of America
1112:
1004:
788:
776:Imperial Russian Navy
772:Imperial Russian Army
718:for twenty-two years.
687:revolutionary leader
593:
563:French Foreign Legion
493:French Foreign Legion
422:Canadian Armed Forces
404:
380:
296:, from 1854 to 1872.
244:
233:
56:
44:
1694:on 14 September 2009
1606:on 30 September 2007
1186:U.S. Merchant Marine
689:Toussaint Louverture
328:on their shoulders.
61:lieutenant-colonel,
1815:Fashion accessories
1350:Merriam-Webster.com
1261:President of Mexico
1225:Royal Guardsman in
1211:Carl von Clausewitz
1042:Yeomen of the Guard
935:, Professor of the
652:Gold epaulettes in
447:, musicians of the
1542:. Brown University
1213:, Prussian general
1171:United States Army
1160:assistant surgeons
1143:master commandants
1126:United States Navy
1122:
1119:American Civil War
1014:
917:Titular councillor
876:Of the lower ranks
791:
670:Napoleon Bonaparte
668:wrote a letter to
658:Haitian Revolution
605:
489:Garde Républicaine
418:
383:
343:Modern derivations
254:
239:
184:[e.po.lɛt]
105:
88:6. Branch insignia
86:5. Stars (or pips)
51:
32:Epaulettes (stamp)
1805:Military uniforms
1494:978-2-35250-195-4
1472:978-2-352-50104-6
1406:"Military jacket"
1095:regimental titles
1036:one on the left.
913:Subaltern-officer
886:Subaltern-officer
846:Subaltern-officer
807:Subaltern-officer
704:Jean-Pierre Boyer
626:Household Cavalry
103:
36:Epaulette (horse)
16:(Redirected from
1832:
1810:Scouting uniform
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1768:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1742:. Archived from
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1716:. Archived from
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1690:. Archived from
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1664:. Archived from
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1602:. Archived from
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1480:
1474:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1443:
1436:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1341:
1283:
1271:
1253:
1238:
1222:
1207:
984:
972:
933:Privy councillor
780:Kremlin Regiment
757:
745:
700:
681:
573:
558:
543:
527:
498:Marine nationale
318:Flying artillery
251:
248:
196:
186:
181:
177:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
102:
101:
66:
59:Imperial Russian
21:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1772:on 7 April 2010
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1746:on 7 April 2010
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1720:on 7 April 2010
1712:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1668:on 25 June 2009
1660:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1567:. p. XVI.
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1384:. p. 100.
1379:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1230:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1199:
1115:Charles Griffin
1107:
999:
992:
985:
976:
973:
945:
926:
920:
910:
905:
895:
889:
883:
878:, here: junior
873:
868:
859:
849:
843:
838:
824:
814:
804:
768:
761:
758:
749:
746:
726:
719:
701:
692:
682:
662:Charles Leclerc
650:
634:Paraguayan Army
603:
588:
581:
574:
565:
559:
550:
544:
535:
528:
519:
457:
399:
375:
345:
249:
228:
203:
179:
171:
156:shoulder scales
142:; also spelled
115:
111:
96:
95:
94:9. Neck (bezel)
93:
91:
89:
87:
85:
84:/shoulder strap
79:
77:
72:
67:
65:
49:with epaulettes
45:Officer of the
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
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1807:
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1792:
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1784:
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1493:
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1397:
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1372:
1363:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:Shoulder loops
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1190:shoulder marks
1106:
1103:
1087:combat uniform
998:
997:United Kingdom
995:
994:
993:
986:
979:
977:
974:
967:
944:
941:
798:
797:
795:
767:
766:Russian Empire
764:
763:
762:
759:
752:
750:
747:
740:
734:Ottoman Empire
732:period in the
725:
724:Ottoman Empire
722:
721:
720:
702:
695:
693:
683:
676:
649:
646:
600:shoulder knots
594:
587:
584:
583:
582:
575:
568:
566:
560:
553:
551:
548:French Marines
545:
538:
536:
530:Cadets of the
529:
522:
502:Armée de l'Air
456:
453:
405:Epaulettes of
398:
395:
374:
371:
367:became popular
349:shoulder board
344:
341:
337:shoulder board
306:light infantry
266:shoulder belts
262:military coats
227:
224:
207:shoulder strap
202:
199:
170:
167:
92:8. Unit number
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1837:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
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1811:
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1801:
1800:Military life
1798:
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1771:
1767:
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1735:
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1667:
1663:
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1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1576:
1574:9780520213685
1570:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1554:
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1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1487:. p. 9.
1486:
1479:
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1473:
1469:
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1428:0-214-65349-8
1425:
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1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1391:0-684-15130-8
1387:
1383:
1376:
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1367:
1364:
1352:
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1299:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:Simón Bolívar
1237:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
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1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1105:United States
1104:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:Trinity House
1047:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:flag officers
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1006:Shoulder mark
1003:
996:
990:
987:Swedish king
983:
978:
971:
966:
964:
962:
961:dress uniform
956:
953:
950:
942:
940:
938:
934:
930:
924:
923:Staff-officer
918:
914:
909:
903:
899:
893:
892:Staff-officer
887:
881:
880:unteroffizier
877:
872:
867:
863:
857:
853:
852:Staff-officer
847:
842:
836:
832:
831:Field marshal
828:
822:
818:
817:Staff-officer
812:
808:
803:
796:
793:
792:
787:
783:
781:
777:
773:
765:
756:
751:
744:
739:
737:
735:
731:
723:
717:
713:
709:
705:
699:
694:
690:
686:
680:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
647:
645:
643:
642:Bolivian Army
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
609:
601:
597:
592:
585:
579:
572:
567:
564:
557:
552:
549:
542:
537:
533:
532:ESM Saint-Cyr
526:
521:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
485:ESM Saint-Cyr
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
454:
452:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
412:
408:
403:
396:
394:
392:
388:
379:
372:
370:
368:
363:
359:
357:
356:shoulder mark
352:
350:
342:
340:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:line infantry
311:
307:
303:
297:
295:
291:
287:
281:
279:
275:
269:
267:
263:
259:
243:
236:
232:
225:
223:
221:
216:
212:
208:
200:
198:
195:
190:
185:
176:
168:
166:
164:
163:shoulder mark
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
109:
100:
83:
76:
71:
64:
60:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
1787:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1708:
1696:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1599:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1563:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1534:
1522:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1484:
1478:
1462:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1381:
1375:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1129:
1123:
1099:
1084:
1076:British Army
1073:
1058:
1038:
1015:
957:
946:
928:
922:
912:
907:
897:
891:
885:
875:
870:
866:Vice-Admiral
861:
851:
845:
840:
826:
816:
806:
801:
799:
769:
727:
651:
622:British Army
618:mess uniform
610:
606:
599:
595:
577:
509:
505:
482:
458:
449:Music Branch
438:
430:Patrol Dress
419:
407:Provo Wallis
387:Royal Escort
384:
364:
360:
353:
346:
333:Russian Army
330:
298:
294:US Artillery
282:
270:
255:
210:
204:
172:
160:
155:
152:armed forces
143:
107:
106:
81:
1315:Aiguillette
1138:lieutenants
1091:rank slides
1080:World War I
862:Flagofficer
728:During the
666:French Army
613:German Army
466:cuirassiers
461:French Army
415:CFB Halifax
290:US Infantry
250: 1862
201:How to wear
1794:Categories
1776:22 October
1750:22 October
1724:22 October
1698:22 October
1672:22 October
1331:References
1113:Maj. Gen.
1022:Royal Navy
716:Hispaniola
596:Epauletten
515:See also:
439:After the
434:Mess Dress
426:Full Dress
391:Grenadiers
326:ammunition
310:voltigeurs
302:grenadiers
286:US Cavalry
189:diminutive
18:Epaulettes
1600:NMM.ac.uk
1580:4 January
1546:4 January
1524:4 January
1188:may wear
1147:commander
1065:chainmail
1034:commander
856:polkovnik
821:polkovnik
770:Both the
638:Chaco War
470:Chasseurs
335:, is the
322:artillery
235:Louis XIV
211:passenten
175:Épaulette
169:Etymology
108:Epaulette
1825:Shoulder
1610:30 April
1356:30 April
1320:Attentes
1310:Spaulder
1295:See also
1229:, Norway
1156:surgeons
1134:Captains
1069:yeomanry
1061:Boer War
1052:and the
1018:uniforms
1010:Sergeant
989:Oscar II
952:uniforms
931:, here:
915:, here:
900:, here:
864:, here:
854:, here:
829:, here:
819:, here:
811:poruchik
809:, here:
802:Infantry
774:and the
730:Tanzimat
510:attentes
506:attentes
500:and the
487:and the
478:dragoons
292:and the
258:pteruges
220:crescent
90:7. Field
78:3. Spine
1820:Armwear
1410:The Met
1287:Pedro I
1197:Gallery
1152:pursers
1030:captain
955:stars.
949:Swedish
929:General
898:General
871:Cavalry
827:General
685:Haitian
664:of the
660:, Gen.
586:Germany
578:attente
474:hussars
420:In the
373:Belgium
226:History
180:French:
144:epaulet
82:Attente
1571:
1491:
1470:
1426:
1388:
1044:, the
943:Sweden
908:Others
841:Guards
491:. The
455:France
432:, and
397:Canada
274:silver
194:épaule
99:Fringe
75:Button
70:Lining
712:Haiti
654:Haiti
648:Haiti
1778:2009
1752:2009
1726:2009
1700:2009
1674:2009
1612:2017
1582:2015
1569:ISBN
1548:2015
1526:2015
1489:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1358:2017
1227:Oslo
927:4c.
921:4b.
911:4a.
896:3d.
890:3c.
884:3b.
874:3a.
860:2c.
850:2b.
844:2a.
825:1c.
815:1b.
805:1a.
278:gold
148:rank
97:10.
906:4.
869:3.
839:2.
800:1.
276:or
209:or
191:of
150:by
80:4.
73:2.
68:1.
1796::
1598:.
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288:,
247:c.
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1728:.
1702:.
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178:(
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132:ɛ
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126:ə
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120:ɛ
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