664:'s generic competitor was rejected by the FDA in March 2016. By the first half of 2015, sales of EpiPen accounted for 40% of Mylan's profit. Those profits were also due in part to Mylan's continually raising the price of EpiPens starting in 2009: in 2007, the wholesale price of two EpiPens was about $ 100; the price was about the same in 2009; by July 2013, the price was about $ 265; in May 2015, it was around $ 461; and in May 2016, the price rose again to around $ 609, around a 500% jump from the price in 2009. The last price increase sparked widespread outrage in the late summer as parents prepared to send their children back to school and went to pharmacies to get new EpiPens. Some Americans responded to the high price by buying EpiPens online from pharmacies outside the US, forgoing new EpiPens and relying on their expired EpiPen, or forgoing an autoinjector altogether and having their children carry pre-loaded syringes.
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about $ 100; by July 2013, the price was about $ 265; in May 2015, it was around $ 461; and in May 2016, the price rose again to around $ 609, around a 500% jump from the price in 2009. The cost of the drug and device to Mylan as of 2016 was about $ 35. In the summer of 2016, as parents prepared to send their children back to school and went to pharmacies to get new EpiPens, people began to express outrage at the cost of the EpiPen and Mylan was widely and harshly criticized. In
September 2016, the New York State Attorney General began an investigation into Mylan's
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149:. The injection may be repeated every 5 to 15 minutes if there is insufficient response. A second dose is needed in 16–35% of episodes with more than two doses rarely required; in around 80% of the cases where a second dose is administered, it is by a medical professional. It is not clear which are the people who might need a second injection at the outset. The intramuscular route is preferred over
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angle at which the device is placed on the skin and the force used to activate the device as well as how well the user follows the instructions for injection." It found that how well the user was trained was the most important factor determining successful delivery, and requested companies to develop better training materials for doctors and people to whom the devices are prescribed.
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failed to address known malfunctions in its auto-injectors even as hundreds of customer complaints rolled in and failures were linked to deaths. During an inspection, Meridian employees told inspectors that they weren't allowed to disassemble and investigate complain samples, because they were allowed to do if only it was “approved by management”.
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680:. Questions had been raised by Congress and others about why EpiPen had been classified as a generic rather a proprietary product in the program since 1997; generic drugs have lower rebates (13%) than proprietary drugs (23%), and price hikes for generic drugs cannot be passed onto states, and a common form of
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testified to
Congress that Pfizer/King charged Mylan about $ 34.50 for one EpiPen. The devices deliver about $ 1 worth of drug. In September 2016, a Silicon Valley engineering consultancy performed a teardown analysis of the EpiPen and estimated the manufacturing and packaging costs at about $ 10 for
620:
The EpiPen, manufactured by
Meridian Medical Technologies, and marketed by Mylan, has dominated the market. In 2007 when Mylan acquired the rights to market the product, annual sales of all epinephrine autoinjectors were about $ 200 million and EpiPen had around 90% of the market; in 2015 the market
552:
As of 2015, the following epinephrine autoinjectors were available in various parts of Europe: Adrenalina WZF, Adrenaline (epinephrine) 1 in 1000 solution for injection BP auto-injector, Altellus, Anapen, Emerade, EpiPen, Fastjekt, FastPen, and Jext. As of 2018, three branded products were available
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launched a policy initiative designed to "help state boards of education as they develop student health policies regarding anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector access and use", and advocated for state laws protecting school from legal liability for stocking and using epinephrine autoinjectors.
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conducted a review of the safety of devices then on the market and found several factors that determine whether the devices successfully deliver drug into muscle, including "needle length, the thickness of fat under the skin, the way the auto-injector works (e.g., if it is spring loaded or not), the
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People to whom epinephrine autoinjectors are prescribed need to be trained how to use the specific device prescribed. The rate of unintentional injections using these devices is unknown but a 2009 review found that the rate is increasing. Unintentional injections are delivered to a finger or thumb
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The epinephrine in autoinjectors expires after one year. A study in rabbits showed that intramuscular epinephrine has decreased effectiveness after it expires; that study also recommended that if the drug in an expired device has not started to precipitate (if the solution is not cloudy and has no
667:
In response to criticism, Mylan increased financial assistance available for some patients to purchase EpiPens, a gesture that was called a "classic public relations move" by
Harvard Medical School professor Aaron Kesselheim. The up to $ 300 saving cards can be used only by a small number of people
525:
On 5 September 2017, FDA posted a warning letter to the manufacturer, Meridian
Medical Technologies. The agency warned Meridian Medical for failing to investigate problems with the devices, recall bad batches, and follow-up on problems found. According to the FDA, the manufacturer of EpiPen devices
427:
for the product, then known as "e-cue"; Pfizer, Mylan and Sanofi settled in 2012 under a deal that allowed the device to enter the market no earlier than
November 2012, pending FDA approval. In August 2012, the FDA approved the autoinjector, called "Auvi-Q" after the FDA required a name change from
231:
and coauthors published a technique for obtaining multiple additional doses of epinephrine from used, single dose autoinjectors EpiPen and
Adrenaclick. It was emphasized this was an emergency adaptation of the intended design for austere environments when no additional epinephrine was available. In
465:
After successful lobbying from Mylan, in 2013, the "School Access to
Emergency Epinephrine Act" became law after passing Congress with broad and bipartisan support; it protected anyone from liability if they administered epinephrine to a child in a school (previously, only trained professionals or
289:
In 2003, Hollister-Stier received approval from the FDA to market an epinephrine autoinjector called
Twinject that could deliver two shots of epinephrine, which it had spent ten years developing. In 2005, it sold the product to Verus Pharmaceuticals, which launched the product the same year. In
501:
In 2015 Mylan had about $ 1.5 billion in sales of EpiPens, which accounted for 40% of Mylan's profit. Mylan had maintained about a 90% market share since it had acquired the product, and had continually raised the price of EpiPens starting in 2009: in 2009, the wholesale price of two EpiPens was
491:
In
October 2015, Auvi-Q and Allerject devices were voluntarily recalled by Sanofi in North America. The reason stated by Sanofi was that the products had been found to potentially have inaccurate dosage delivery, which may include failure to deliver drug. In February 2016, Sanofi terminated its
380:
to market a generic EpiPen in collaboration with Antares Pharma Inc, a maker of injection systems; Pfizer and King sued them for infringing US Patent 7,449,012 that was due to expire in 2025; Pfizer, Mylan, and Teva settled in April 2012 in a deal that allowed Teva to start selling the device in
304:
In 2009, Mylan and King started marketing a new version of EpiPen with the same basic mechanism but a stronger spring, better safety features, and clearer markings and instructions; an expert for NBC News estimated that the cost to redesign the device and packaging may have been "several million
267:
One of the people who helped in making the EpiPen was Richard B. Toren. He had the idea to use this technology for allergic reactions because his daughter was allergic to bees and had to carry around a complex kit if she was ever stung. He then helped to slightly alter the technology in order to
1870:
on someone else's drug approval data - this pathway is used for example to get approval for an existing drug for a new indication. The information about the drug itself is someone else's, but the applicant has to generate the data showing the drug works for the new indication. In the case of
702:
called the Four Thieves Vinegar published a video and documents describing what they call an EpiPencil, an autoinjector which can be built using off-the-shelf parts, for a claimed price tag of about $ 30. At its core is a repurposed insulin autoinjector. This device has not been subject to any
412:
division of Pfizer, to begin selling an authorized generic of Adrenaclick. The media noted that Pfizer, through Greenstone, was marketing a generic epinephrine autoinjector when Pfizer acquired King later that year. At that time, King and Mylan's EpiPen had 91% of the global market share for
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the affected person were allowed to administer the drug, and were open to liability), and it provided some financial incentives for schools that didn't already stock epinephrine autoinjector to start stocking them. Joe Manchin, the father of Mylan's CEO, was a senator at that time.
461:
In June 2013, Amedra relaunched Adrenaclick. and at the same time, Lineage Therapeutics launched its authorized generic version of Adrenaclick. Lineage was a wholly owned subsidiary of Amedra that had acquired the rights to the Adrenaclick authorized generic from Greenstone/Pfizer.
621:
size was around $ 1.5 billion and Mylan still had about 90% of the market. Mylan raised the price from around $ 100 for a package of two EpiPens in 2007 to around $ 600 in 2016. In the United Kingdom, an EpiPen costs ÂŁ26.45 as of 2015. In Canada they are about 120 CAD each.
198:
around 90% of the time; they cause intense pain locally but usually completely resolve. The cause of unintentional injections has been attributed to design flaws, where the device is mistaken for a pen or the user mistakes which end of the device contains the needle.
480:
acquired the parent company of Amedra and Lineage, and placed Amedra and the Adrenaclick in its Impax Specialty Pharma division; at the same time it acquired Lineage, which it placed, along with its generic version of Adrenaclick, in its Impax Generics division.
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is for facial tissue; the company also successfully lobbied the FDA to broaden the label to include risk of anaphylaxis and in parallel, successfully lobbied Congress to generate legislation making EpiPens available in public places like
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solution. 5. Outer body. When retracted upward (left) exposes the needle and triggers the latch mechanism. Later springs back to cover the needle after use. 6. Needle exits through a protective barrier when this is pressed against the
595:
As of September 2016, two Jext autoinjectors cost users about ÂŁ8.50 (US$ 11.64) in Britain, and the National Health Service pays around ÂŁ48 (US$ 65.75) in order to make them available; that price was about 17 percent less than 2013.
2703:
2699:: List of the names, pharmaceutical form(s), strength(s) of the medicinal product(s), route(s) of administration, marketing authorisation holder(s) in the Member States. Published April 25, 2014; Updated August 26, 2015. See
451:, had become president of the association in 2010, and shortly after had discussed donations from her "daughter's company" to the association. Manchin had been appointed to the West Virginia state school board by her husband
599:
Supplies of 150 microgram adrenaline auto-injectors were said to be “critical” in the United Kingdom in October 2018. Community pharmacists were told to prioritise supplies for children weighing 25 kg or less.
420:' Sandoz generic unit for patent infringement after Sandoz submitted an ANDA to sell a generic EpiPen. In response, Sandoz challenged the validity of the patents, and as of July 2016 this litigation was ongoing.
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2193:
2141:"FDA-2015-P-0181: Requests that the FDA take certain actions with respect to abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) 90-589, submitted by Teva Pharmaceuticals (Teva), for an epinephrine auto-injector"
177:
The inner mechanism of an epinephrine autoinjector. 1. Four latch mechanisms that hold the plunger secure. 2. Loaded spring that drives the plunger and the needle (toward the right). 3. Plunger. 4.
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In 2001 Meridian and Dey introduced a two-pack version of the EpiPen; at that time the device had $ 23.9 million in annual sales and accounted for 75% of the market in the United States. In 2002
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but is not marketed. From 2015 to 2020 the only autoinjector marketed in Canada was EpiPen and production issues led to supply shortages during that period. During a 2018 shortage of EpiPens,
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acquired Meridian for $ 247.8 million in cash; the deal was completed in January 2003. Kaplan continued to improve his designs over the years, filing for example US Patent 6,767,336 in 2003.
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Muraro, A; The EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group; et al. (August 2014). "Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology".
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In May 2015, the Emerade epinephrine autoinjector developed by the Swedish company Medeca was approved in Sweden and Germany; it had been approved in the UK in 2013. Also in 2015
672:. They do nothing about the high price which is still being paid by insurers, who ultimately pass the cost on to consumers. In October 2016, Mylan announced a settlement with the
632:, Mylan's CEO, saw an opportunity to increase sales in the US through marketing and advocacy, and the company launched a marketing campaign to increase awareness of the dangers of
458:
In 2012, Shionogi, the manufacturer of Adrenaclick and Twinject, announced it would stop making them; it had sold the rights to the NDA to a company called Amedra Pharmaceuticals.
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to sell EpiPens in bulk and with discounts to schools; to participate in the program schools had to agree not to buy epinephrine autoinjectors from any other company for a year.
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with the FDA raising concerns about TEVA's ANDA application to market a generic EpiPen and filed an additional supplement later in May; the FDA rejected the petition in June.
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announced on 9 July 2019 the availability of Symjepi, a manual epinephrine injection as an alternative to autoinjectors, in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg versions.
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984:
Simons, FE; Lieberman, PL; Read EJ, Jr; Edwards, ES (April 2009). "Hazards of unintentional injection of epinephrine from autoinjectors: a systematic review".
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The EpiPen had 89% of the market for epinephrine autoinjectors in 2015; in the first half of the year it had about 85% share and Auvi-Q had about 10% share.
532:
In an effort to address the supply shortage of EpiPens, on August 21, 2018 the FDA approved extending the expiration dates on some products by four months.
1871:
Intelliject, it is the generic drug in a new device. For an explanation see Kenneth V. Phelps for Drug Discovery & Development Magazine. Aug 9, 2012
514:
and subpoenaed the company when it refused to provide the documentation the state requested. In October 2016, Mylan announced a $ 465M settlement with the
398:
In 2010, Sciele/Shionogi faced a recall of Twinject devices and launched Adrenaclick, a modified version of the Twinject that could deliver only one dose.
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involves misclassifying proprietary drugs as generic under the program. Under the agreement, Mylan agreed to pay a $ 465 million payment and to a sign a
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279:, acquired the exclusive right to market and distribute the EpiPen. In 1998 there was a recall of one million EpiPens, the second such recall in a year.
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Press Release: Shionogi Announces Positive Outcome to the Decentralized Procedure For The European Approval Of Twinject (Epinephrine Auto-Injector)
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As of 2020, three brands of autoinjectors are available in Canada: Allerject, Emerade, and EpiPen. One generic autoinjector has been approved by
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license to manufacture and market the Auvi-Q, leaving Kaléo (Intelliject was renamed) to consider how and whether to re-introduce the device.
428:"e-cue". The device is equipped with a sound chip to provide electronic voice instructions to guide the user in the proper use of the device.
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As of September 2016, two EpiPens cost around $ 100 in France and at maximum 10€ for members of the statutory health insurance in Germany.
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and the West Virginia State Attorney General opened an investigation into whether Mylan had given the state the correct discount under the
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as part of a larger transaction. At that time annual sales were around $ 200 million and the EpiPen had about 90% of the market.
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190:-driven needle) that exits the tip or edge of the device and penetrates the recipient's skin, to deliver the medication via
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requiring it to perform better in the future; the settlement also resolved cases brought by states related to the rebates.
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Marketing Category: NDA Authorized Generic; Application Number Or Monograph: NDA020800; Marketing Start Date: 03/31/2010
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3098:"Mylan to provide EpiPen cost assistance as CEO is asked to testify on price hike | Business | The Guardian"
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2275:
2235:"Emerade, 500 micrograms, solution for injection in pre-filled pen - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)"
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1573:"Pfizer Completes Acquisition Of King Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Pfizer and King begin joint operations on March 1, 2011"
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2308:"Updated: Sanofi US Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of All Auvi-Q® Due to Potential Inaccurate Dosage Delivery"
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In March 2016, Teva's ANDA for a generic EpiPen, which had already faced several delays, was rejected by the FDA.
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256:. The first modern epinephrine autoinjector, the EpiPen, was invented in the mid-1970s at Survival Technology in
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31:
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In 1996, Survival Technology merged with a company called Brunswick Biomedical and the new company was called
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administration because the latter may have delayed absorption. Minor adverse effects from epinephrine include
4194:
3285:"What are the 'ideal' features of an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector in the treatment of anaphylaxis?"
2022:
1625:
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March 2008, Sciele Pharma acquired Twinject from Verus and later that year, Sciele was acquired by Shionogi.
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The devices contain a fixed dose of epinephrine and a spring-loaded needle (or, in the case of AuviQ, a CO
1224:
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In 2010, European regulators approved Twinject, and also approved a new epinephrine autoinjector made by
305:
dollars" and the cost to retool the manufacturing process may have "run into the double-digit millions."
4242:
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444:
384:
In 2009, Intelliject, a US startup developing a new epinephrine autoinjector, licensed their product to
165:
particles in it) using the expired device is better than no injection at all in an emergency situation.
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2085:
488:, which had licensed the rights from Medeca, abandoned its efforts to get Emerade approved in the US.
122:
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Press Release: Sciele Pharma Acquires Twinject® Epinephrine Auto-Injector from Verus Pharmaceuticals
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Press Release: Impax Completes Acquisition Of Tower Holdings, Inc. And Lineage Therapeutics Inc.
882:
Simons, KJ; Simons, FE (August 2010). "Epinephrine and its use in anaphylaxis: current issues".
130:
Epinephrine autoinjectors are hand-held devices carried by those who have severe allergies; the
405:
and sold under the brand name Jext. Jext was launched in the European Union in September 2011.
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When anaphylaxis is suspected, epinephrine solution should be given as soon as possible as an
2104:"How Congress, the FDA, and Sarah Jessica Parker Helped EpiPen Become a $ 1 Billion Business"
232:
2016, Robinson and Lareau published a similar technique adapted to used AuviQ autoinjectors.
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Mylan acquired the right to market the EpiPen line of epinephrine autoinjector devices from
470:
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In 2011, Pfizer and King sued Intelliject and Sanofi after the companies filed a 505(b)(2)
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2908:"Small children prioritised under emergency protocol to tackle 'critical' EpiPen shortage"
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2018:
2012:
QUIC FORM 201313 Adrenaclick Auto-Injector, NDC 59630-0803-02 And 59630-0804-02 Resolution
1951:
1601:
1170:
760:"Anaphylaxis in children: current understanding and key issues in diagnosis and treatment"
567:
As of 2005, epinephrine autoinjectors were not available in most of the developing world.
507:
228:
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2800:
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Note - a "505(b)(2)" is a kind of new drug application that allows the applicant to rely
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145:, in the middle of the outer side of the thigh, which corresponds to the location of the
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Press Release: Lineage Therapeutics Markets Authorized Generic Epinephrine Auto-Injector
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Press Release: Mylan and Pfizer Announce Epinephrine Auto-injector Settlement Agreement
1024:"Better training tools recommended to support patients using adrenaline auto-injectors"
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759:
629:
529:
On 16 August 2018 the FDA approved the first generic EpiPen from Teva Pharmaceuticals.
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temporarily permitted the importation of Auvi-Q autoinjectors from the United States.
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2935:"Silicon Valley engineers figure real cost to make lifesaving auto-injector two-pack"
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Tara Parker-Pope and Rachel Rabkin Peachman for the New York Times. Aug 22, 2016
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Cynthia Koons and Robert Langreth for Bloomberg Businessweek. September 23, 2015
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As of May 2019, in Canada the wholesale cost of a single EpiPen is approximately
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2615:"EpiPen Expiration Dates Extended as Schools Face Shortage of Allergy Medicine"
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2545:"FDA slams EpiPen maker for doing nothing while hundreds failed, people died"
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Registration Statement under The Securities Act Of 1933. Filed April 30, 1999
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1254:
Press Release: King Pharmaceuticals to Acquire Meridian Medical Technologies
650:
249:
88:
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2853:"Petitpas Taylor moves to make U.S. EpiPen alternative available in Canada"
1797:. FDA via DailyMed. 16 May 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-05-16.
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Hawkins, SC; Weil, C; Baty, F; Fitzpatrick, D; Rowell, B (September 2013).
1005:
957:
903:
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2828:"EpiPen shortage: What are your alternative epinephrine injector options?"
2569:"Teva Pharmaceutical Gains Approval for Generic EpiPen, Mylan Shares Flat"
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2659:"Adamis Pharmaceuticals Provides Update on U.S. Retail Launch of SYMJEPI"
1375:"Verus Pharmaceuticals Announces U.S. Launch of Twinject for Anaphylaxis"
1092:"Novel Technique for Epinephrine Removal in New Generation Autoinjectors"
932:"Anaphylaxis treatment: current barriers to adrenaline auto-injector use"
669:
536:
417:
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Quarterly Report (Form 10-Q) for the quarterly period ended July 3, 2016
1830:"In $ 3.6B King Deal, Pfizer Gets a Small but Important EpiPen Monopoly"
1479:"How Mylan, the EpiPen company, maneuvered to create a virtual monopoly"
69:
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3917:
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3857:
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3120:"Why Mylan's 'savings card' won't make EpiPen cheaper for all patients"
2981:"Canadians users of EpiPen not subject to price hike as U.S. consumers"
2055:
Press Release: Amedra Pharmaceuticals Markets Adrenaclick Auto-Injector
485:
3249:"Prevention of anaphylaxis: the role of the epinephrine auto-injector"
3158:"For ripping off Medicaid, EpiPen maker Mylan pays Feds $ 465 million"
1972:"Mylan may have violated antitrust law in its EpiPen sales to schools"
1771:. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Archived from
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John Reid Blackwell for the Richmond Times-Dispatch. August 14, 2012
1503:"Upgraded EpiPens torn apart. Tech firm: "It's the same core device""
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program in New York to determine if the program's contracts violated
392:
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154:
126:
ALK Pharma Jext300, adrenaline autoinjector, without its safety cover
3139:"Is EpiPen a Brand-Name or a Generic Drug? Mylan Casts It Both Ways"
3042:"Drug company stung by criticism of 'outrageous' EpiPen price rises"
2594:"Press Announcements - FDA approves first generic version of EpiPen"
2521:"2017 - Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc. a Pfizer Company 9/5/17"
2346:"Sanofi abandoning Auvi-Q after dosage problems led to total recall"
660:'s competing product was recalled in November 2015 and further when
604:
identified shortages because of manufacturing problems in May 2018.
106:. The first epinephrine autoinjector was brought to market in 1983.
3675:
2296:. Canadian Broadcasting Company. Associated Press. 30 October 2015.
2294:"Allerject epinephrine auto-injectors recalled by drugmaker Sanofi"
1909:
FDA approves Intelliject's life-saving device for allergy sufferers
3927:
3652:
3554:
3513:
3392:
3003:
FDA swats down Teva's EpiPen copy, putting Mylan in cruise control
2801:"Epipen and EpiPen Jr. in short supply, no alternatives available"
1994:"Family matters: EpiPens had high-level help getting into schools"
613:
601:
294:
208:
172:
121:
113:
2755:. Therapeutics Initiative, University of British Columbia. 2019.
656:
Mylan's efforts to maintain its market dominance were aided when
2720:"Emerade epinephrine auto-injectors are now available in Canada"
1336:
Jennifer Sudick for the Spokane Spokesman-Review. July 20, 2005
94:) is a medical device for injecting a measured dose or doses of
3330:
2479:"Mylan Investigations Mount as West Virginia Opens Fraud Probe"
2408:"People With Food Allergies Say Life-Saving Drug Too Expensive"
2261:"Valeant Form 10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015"
1417:
Z+Kazuhiro Shimamua for The Wall Street Journal. Sept. 1, 2008
3791:
3736:
2748:
2213:"Epinephrine self-injectable - Medeca Pharma AB - AdisInsight"
1463:
How Marketing Turned the EpiPen Into a Billion-Dollar Business
312:
30:
This article is about the autoinjector. For medical uses, see
2959:(69 ed.). Joint Formulary Committee. 2015. p. 215.
2435:
Walker, Joseph; Winslow, Ron; Steele, Anne (30 August 2016).
328:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
3970:
3908:
3801:
1285:
Press Release: Meridian Announces Launch Of New EpiPen 2-Pak
3279:(Review paper funded by Mylan, maker of the EpiPen product)
2503:"Mylan to Settle EpiPen Overpricing Case for $ 465 Million"
3019:"5 Signs That EpiPen Prices Are Completely Out of Control"
2456:"Mylan's EpiPen School Sales Trigger N.Y. Antitrust Probe"
1283:
Meridian Medical Technologies, Merck KGaA. April 03, 2001
248:
were originally developed for the rapid administration of
2910:. Pharmaceutical Journal. 18 October 2018. Archived from
2327:"French pharma giant vacates deal with Shockoe Slip firm"
2010:
National Council for Prescription Drug Programs May 2013
1051:"Retrieval of Additional Epinephrine from Auto-Injectors"
264:
and was first approved for marketing by the FDA in 1987.
2776:"EpiPen shortage may drag into next year: Health Canada"
1546:
Mylan, Pfizer Reach Epinephrine-Pen Settlement With Teva
3323:(Review paper funded by ALK, maker of the Jext product)
3076:
3074:
2382:"Cost Jumps Nearly 500-Percent For Life-Saving EpiPens"
1945:
Press Release: Sanofi Announces FDA Approval for Auvi-Q
1612:
Staff, Monthly Prescribing Reference. January 07, 2010
1133:"EpiPen inventor helped millions and died in obscurity"
653:
had worked with on defibrillator legislation to do so.
553:
in the United States: Adrenaclick, Auvi-Q, and EpiPen.
337:
102:
technology. It is most often used for the treatment of
2701:
Index page for EMA Review of Adrenaline auto-injectors
2123:"Could EpiPen's plastic cap be Mylan's secret weapon?"
1477:
Johnson, Carolyn Y.; Ho, Catherine (August 25, 2016).
1438:
EpiPen Price Rise Sparks Concern for Allergy Sufferers
1362:
Approval History NDA 020800 - Twinject and Adrenaclick
640:
brand as identified with epinephrine autoinjectors as
134:
delivered by the device is an emergency treatment for
3196:"Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $ 600 EpiPen"
2454:
Larson, Erik; Hopkins, Jared S. (September 6, 2016).
728:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2879:"Allergien: Diese Kosten ĂĽbernimmt die Krankenkasse"
2437:"Mylan to Launch Cheaper Generic EpiPen Alternative"
2237:. UK Electronic Medicines Compendium. Archived from
413:
epinephrine autoinjectors and 96% of the US market.
4213:
4185:
4157:
4110:
4077:
3958:
3896:
3849:
3785:
3735:
3691:
3651:
3637:
3602:
3553:
3531:
3444:
3391:
3377:
3368:
3181:, Adam Rubenfire, Modern Healthcare, March 28, 2016
2826:Hyshka, Ashley; McLaughlin, Ross (28 August 2019).
2477:Feeley, Jef; Langreth, Robert (20 September 2016).
1561:
Brothers Develop New Device to Halt Allergy Attacks
56:
39:
1769:"Generic Epinephrine Injector May Cause Confusion"
1614:Adrenaclick Auto-injector launched for anaphylaxis
1299:filed For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003.
884:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
408:Also in 2010, Shionogi authorized Greenstone, the
51:Mylan 0.3 mg EpiPen, epinephrine autoinjector
3012:
3010:
1987:
1985:
1714:Paton, James; Kresge, Naomi (29 September 2016).
1559:Katie Thomas for the New York Times. Feb 1, 2013
1555:
1553:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1248:
1246:
440:National Association of State Boards of Education
118:Vastus lateralis site for intramuscular injection
3179:Lack of competition leads to EpiPen pricing woes
1970:Swetlitz, Ike; Silverman, Ed (August 26, 2016).
1810:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1795:"EPINEPHRINE injection [Greenstone LLC]"
1709:
1707:
1705:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1391:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
925:
923:
921:
753:
751:
749:
2749:"Epinephrine autoinjectors available in Canada"
2496:
2494:
2492:
1544:Phil Milford for Bloomberg News April 26, 2012
930:Song, TT; Worm, M; Lieberman, P (August 2014).
676:over rebates paid by Mylan to states under the
636:for people with severe allergies that made the
518:over rebates paid by Mylan to states under the
1750:"Pfizer to Make Generic Version of Its Zoloft"
1735:"Greenstone LLC - A Successful Business Model"
1579:(press release). March 1, 2011. Archived from
3342:
2647:. United States Food and Drug Administration.
2430:
2428:
2084:. Magellan Medical. July 2013. Archived from
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
979:
977:
975:
326:The examples and perspective in this section
297:acquired the right to market the EpiPen from
8:
3189:
3187:
2375:
2373:
2371:
1823:
1821:
1716:"Why the $ 600 EpiPen Costs $ 69 in Britain"
695:of Adrenaclick cost $ 142 at retail stores.
3001:Carly Helfand for FiercePharma Mar 1, 2016
2401:
2399:
1844:King Pharma Sues Sandoz Over Generic EpiPen
1483:The Washington Post via The Chicago Tribune
1472:
1470:
1381:. Archived from the original on 2005-12-22.
1022:European Medicines Agency (June 26, 2015).
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
4107:
3648:
3550:
3388:
3374:
3349:
3335:
3327:
1842:Julie Zeveloff for Law360. July 16, 2010.
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1338:Spokane firm sells rights to auto-injector
986:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
344:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
45:
3300:
3264:
1332:
1330:
1267:"EpiPen Recall PointsTo Broader Concerns"
1107:
1066:
1017:
1015:
947:
783:
718:
716:
431:In 2012, Mylan launched a program called
360:Learn how and when to remove this message
3113:
3111:
2743:
2741:
2364:Teva suffers setback over EpiPen generic
1183:Approval history for NDA 019430 - EpiPen
3061:"Have You Ever Tried to Buy an EpiPen?"
2885:(in German). 2019-01-24. Archived from
2641:"Extended Use Dates Provided by Pfizer"
2362:Staff, The Pharma Letter. 3 March 2016
1992:O'Donnell, Jayne (September 21, 2016).
1690:"ALK media release (06 September 2011)"
1227:For the fiscal year ended July 31, 1997
1096:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
1055:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
712:
455:, then-governor of the state, in 2012.
3194:Eliza Strickland (19 September 2016).
3118:Carolyn Y. Johnson (August 25, 2016).
3029:from the original on January 19, 2021.
2053:Amedra Pharmaceutical June 14th, 2013
1803:
1384:
36:
2276:"Auvi-Q auto injector being recalled"
2121:Gibney, Michael (September 1, 2016).
1670:"ALK media release (13 October 2010)"
1650:"ALK media release (07 October 2010)"
1131:Smetana, Kevin (September 24, 2009).
1090:Robinson, P; Lareau, S (April 2016).
7:
2859:. The Canadian Press. August 9, 2018
2406:Goldberg, Kenny (18 February 2016).
2380:Bartolotta, Devin (18 August 2016).
2042:FY2011 Financial Results: Supplement
649:are, and hired the same people that
3706:Heated humidified high-flow therapy
3217:Laufer, Dr. Mixæl S. (2016-09-19).
2957:British National Formulary (BNF) 69
2065:Lineage Therapeutics. Jun 14, 2013
1252:King Pharmaceuticals Oct 21, 2002.
703:validation by regulatory agencies.
395:in 2010 for $ 3.6 billion in cash.
223:An injection of Auvi-Q autoinjector
65:
3137:Thomas, Katie (2 September 2016).
3081:Ginger Skinner (August 11, 2016).
2344:Stanton, Dan (February 26, 2016).
2325:Spiers, Jonathan (21 March 2016).
2143:. US Government Dockets Repository
1501:Popken, Ben (September 30, 2016).
764:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
25:
2274:Tammie Smith (October 29, 2015).
668:who need the drug, and no one on
4148:
3674:
3435:
3429:
3302:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02450.x
3253:The American Journal of Medicine
3096:Kasperkevic, Jana (2016-08-25).
3059:Khazan, Olga (August 24, 2016).
2501:Thomas, Katie (7 October 2016).
2044:See note in the margin of page 6
1162:National Inventors Hall of Fame
730:. April 23, 2015. Archived from
381:mid-2015, pending FDA approval.
317:
275:. In 1997, Dey, a subsidiary of
268:create EpiPen's current design.
3083:"Can You Get A Cheaper EpiPen?"
3040:Lamble, Kate (25 August 2016).
2774:Young, Leslie (2 August 2018).
2102:Novak, Matt (August 23, 2016).
1748:Hensley, Scott (29 June 2006).
1626:Adrenaclick original label 2009
1405:Sciele Pharma. March 13, 2008.
2613:Novak, Matt (22 August 2018).
1883:Sherri Oslick for PatentDocs.
1265:Chase, Marilyn (18 May 1998).
1223:Meridian Medical Technologies
698:In September 2016, a group of
469:In January 2015 Mylan filed a
416:In 2010, Pfizer and King sued
1:
3474:Effervescent powder or tablet
3156:Mole, Beth (7 October 2016).
3017:Tuttle, Brad (Aug 22, 2016).
1885:Court Report January 23, 2011
1828:Edwards, Jim (Oct 12, 2010).
1419:Shionogi to Buy Sciele Pharma
1364:Page accessed August 25, 2016
998:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60332-8
686:corporate integrity agreement
273:Meridian Medical Technologies
227:In 2013, emergency physician
4258:Patient-controlled analgesia
3563:Orally disintegrating tablet
3266:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.018
3247:Fromer, L (20 August 2016).
2599:Food and Drug Administration
896:10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833bc670
758:Dinakar, C (December 2012).
678:Medicaid Drug Rebate Program
628:as part of their 2007 deal.
520:Medicaid Drug Rebate Program
512:Medicaid Drug Rebate Program
4324:Social problems in medicine
3219:"Introducing the EpiPencil"
1238:Amendment No. 3 to Form S-1
612:In October 2016 the CEO of
340:, discuss the issue on the
252:antidotes in kits like the
4345:
3769:Relative analgesia machine
2163:"Impax 2014 Annual Report"
1873:Taking the 505(b)(2) Route
1636:Shionogi. August 31, 2010
1185:Page accessed Aug 30, 2016
157:, anxiety, headaches, and
29:
4304:Drugs developed by Pfizer
4146:
3672:
3427:
3283:Frew, AJ (January 2011).
1350:Twinject Approval Package
1109:10.1016/j.wem.2016.02.005
1068:10.1016/j.wem.2013.03.025
776:10.1007/s11882-012-0284-1
447:, mother of Mylan's CEO,
203:European Medicines Agency
98:(adrenaline) by means of
66:
44:
4309:Drugs developed by Merck
3358:Routes of administration
1733:Staff (August 1, 2008).
1200:www.adeliberatepause.com
674:US Department of Justice
516:US Department of Justice
81:epinephrine autoinjector
40:Epinephrine autoinjector
32:Epinephrine (medication)
4299:Type I hypersensitivity
3884:Extra-amniotic infusion
3489:Molecular encapsulation
3421:Osmotic delivery system
3416:Time release technology
2280:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1943:Sanofi August 13, 2012
818:Last revised 03/15/2017
808:"Epinephrine Injection"
691:As of August 2016, the
535:The Sandoz division of
192:intramuscular injection
147:vastus lateralis muscle
143:intramuscular injection
85:adrenaline autoinjector
4187:Central nervous system
3975:
3913:
3841:Mucoadhesive microdisc
3806:
3225:. Four Thieves Vinegar
3223:fourthievesvinegar.org
2350:in-Pharma Technologist
438:In December 2012, the
224:
183:
127:
119:
4314:Pricing controversies
4294:Drug delivery devices
4030:Transfersome vesicles
3974:
3912:
3889:Intravesical infusion
3805:
2883:Biallo Versicherungen
2621:. Gizmodo Media Group
2192:Impax March 10, 2015
2091:on September 9, 2016.
1295:King Pharmaceuticals
1030:on September 10, 2016
445:Gayle Conelly Manchin
391:King was acquired by
222:
176:
125:
117:
3716:Metered-dose inhaler
3701:Anesthetic vaporizer
1895:Mylan. Feb 16, 2012
1521:"Automatic injector"
1310:"Automatic injector"
1138:St. Petersburg Times
682:pharmaceutical fraud
425:New Drug Application
374:Teva Pharmaceuticals
338:improve this section
284:King Pharmaceuticals
241:Product introduction
87:, also known by the
4141:Transdermal implant
4101:(into tissue/blood)
3878:Intrauterine device
3759:Anaesthetic machine
3754:Oxygen concentrator
3085:. Consumer Reports.
2753:Therapeutics Letter
2724:Food Allergy Canada
2602:. 20 February 2020.
2441:Wall Street Journal
1921:"Auvi-Q Fact Sheet"
1754:Wall Street Journal
1271:Wall Street Journal
1145:on February 1, 2013
543:Society and culture
410:authorized generics
4253:Nanocell injection
3976:
3914:
3807:
3661:Dry-powder inhaler
3143:The New York Times
2937:. The Mercury News
2914:on 3 December 2018
2857:The Globe and Mail
2706:2018-07-10 at the
2695:2018-06-18 at the
2507:The New York Times
2199:2016-08-27 at the
2028:2017-08-02 at the
2017:2016-09-14 at the
1950:2017-01-31 at the
1775:on August 29, 2016
1600:2016-08-29 at the
1525:Patents.google.com
1314:Patents.google.com
1169:2016-01-31 at the
693:authorized generic
478:Impax Laboratories
309:Market development
260:, Maryland, US by
225:
184:
128:
120:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4103:
4065:Transdermal spray
4060:Transdermal patch
4050:Medicated shampoo
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3764:Medical inhalants
3711:Medical inhalants
3639:Respiratory tract
3633:
3632:
3527:
3526:
3259:(12): 1244–1250.
2726:. 20 October 2020
2412:KPBS Public Media
2331:Richmond BizSense
2241:on 3 October 2016
1832:. CBS MoneyWatch.
1737:. Pharmacy Times.
1583:on June 30, 2013.
949:10.1111/all.12387
853:10.1111/all.12437
370:
369:
362:
220:
77:
76:
16:(Redirected from
4336:
4152:
4108:
4099:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3649:
3578:Sublingual drops
3551:
3439:
3433:
3389:
3375:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3304:
3278:
3268:
3234:
3233:
3231:
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3127:
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3069:
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3056:
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2898:
2897:
2895:
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2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2807:. April 12, 2018
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2733:
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2716:
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2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2571:. Archived from
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2498:
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2468:
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2465:
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2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2168:. Archived from
2167:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2079:"Clinical Alert"
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1980:
1979:
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1954:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1925:
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1616:
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1536:
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1498:
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1371:
1365:
1358:
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1334:
1325:
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1320:
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1300:
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1281:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1202:. Archived from
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1141:. Archived from
1128:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:. Archived from
1019:
1010:
1009:
981:
970:
969:
951:
927:
916:
915:
879:
873:
872:
836:
819:
817:
804:
798:
797:
787:
755:
744:
743:
741:
739:
720:
583:
471:citizen petition
365:
358:
354:
351:
345:
321:
320:
313:
221:
70:edit on Wikidata
49:
37:
21:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4268:
4248:Intraperitoneal
4220:musculoskeletal
4218:
4209:
4181:
4177:Intra-articular
4153:
4144:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4073:
3954:
3892:
3845:
3790:
3773:
3731:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3670:
3629:
3598:
3523:
3440:
3434:
3425:
3379:Digestive tract
3364:
3355:
3282:
3246:
3243:
3241:Further reading
3238:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3198:. IEEE Spectrum
3193:
3192:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3124:Washington Post
3117:
3116:
3109:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3039:
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3008:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2933:Tracy, Seipel.
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2906:
2905:
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2892:
2890:
2877:
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2708:Wayback Machine
2697:Wayback Machine
2687:
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2553:
2551:
2543:
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2529:
2527:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2500:
2499:
2490:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2384:. CBS Baltimore
2379:
2378:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2343:
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2338:
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2319:
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2228:
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2201:Wayback Machine
2191:
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2176:
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2120:
2119:
2115:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2030:Wayback Machine
2019:Wayback Machine
2009:
2005:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1952:Wayback Machine
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1894:
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1882:
1878:
1865:
1861:
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1849:
1841:
1837:
1827:
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1819:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1767:Tucker, Janna.
1766:
1765:
1761:
1747:
1746:
1742:
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1727:
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1602:Wayback Machine
1592:
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1303:
1294:
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1235:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
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1171:Wayback Machine
1161:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1013:
983:
982:
973:
929:
928:
919:
881:
880:
876:
838:
837:
822:
806:
805:
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757:
756:
747:
737:
735:
722:
721:
714:
709:
610:
590:
581:
578:
573:
550:
545:
476:In March 2015,
366:
355:
349:
346:
335:
322:
318:
311:
243:
238:
229:Seth C. Hawkins
209:
189:
171:
112:
73:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4342:
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4230:
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4222:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4167:Intracavernous
4163:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4121:
4119:
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4017:
4012:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3969:
3967:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3950:Nutrient enema
3947:
3942:
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3935:
3925:
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3894:
3893:
3891:
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3708:
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3697:
3695:
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3663:
3657:
3655:
3646:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3280:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3209:
3183:
3171:
3160:. Ars Technica
3148:
3129:
3107:
3088:
3070:
3051:
3032:
3006:
2994:
2983:. Aug 26, 2016
2972:
2965:
2948:
2925:
2899:
2870:
2844:
2818:
2792:
2766:
2737:
2711:
2681:
2650:
2632:
2605:
2585:
2560:
2536:
2512:
2488:
2483:Bloomberg News
2469:
2446:
2424:
2395:
2367:
2355:
2336:
2317:
2299:
2285:
2266:
2252:
2226:
2215:. Adis Insight
2204:
2185:
2154:
2132:
2113:
2094:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2033:
2003:
1981:
1955:
1936:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1817:
1786:
1759:
1740:
1725:
1720:Bloomberg News
1701:
1681:
1661:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1586:
1564:
1549:
1537:
1512:
1488:
1466:
1441:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1379:Veruspharm.com
1366:
1353:
1341:
1326:
1301:
1288:
1276:
1257:
1242:
1229:
1216:
1187:
1174:
1164:Kaplan Sheldon
1155:
1123:
1082:
1041:
1011:
971:
917:
874:
847:(8): 1026–45.
820:
799:
745:
711:
710:
708:
705:
647:defibrillators
630:Heather Bresch
609:
606:
589:
586:
577:
574:
572:
569:
549:
546:
544:
541:
504:EpiPen4Schools
449:Heather Bresch
433:EpiPen4Schools
368:
367:
332:of the subject
330:worldwide view
325:
323:
316:
310:
307:
262:Sheldon Kaplan
242:
239:
237:
234:
187:
170:
167:
111:
108:
75:
74:
67:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
27:Medical device
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4341:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Intramuscular
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Intracerebral
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Iontophoresis
4013:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Topical cream
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:Nasal cannula
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3677:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3210:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3159:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2966:9780857111562
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2889:on 2022-01-24
2888:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2670:
2669:GlobeNewswire
2666:
2665:
2664:Yahoo Finance
2660:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2575:on 2018-08-17
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2495:
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2489:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2175:on 2015-10-23
2171:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2147:September 10,
2142:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2087:
2080:
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2068:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1796:
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1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1755:
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1744:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1726:
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1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:FDA/Shionogi
1621:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:December 2010
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1541:
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1471:
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1414:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1380:
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1370:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1351:
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1342:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1277:
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1261:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1206:on 2021-01-22
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
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1168:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1144:
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1134:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1061:(4): 434–44.
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
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4055:Dermal patch
3868:Vaginal ring
3836:Insufflation
3588:Effervescent
3362:dosage forms
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100:autoinjector
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4215:Circulatory
4200:Intrathecal
4124:Intradermal
4116:transdermal
4083:Parenterals
3989:Topical gel
3945:Murphy drip
3923:Suppository
3811:Nasal spray
3745:Oxygen mask
3594:Chewing gum
3533:Oral mucosa
2987:6 September
2780:Global News
2525:www.fda.gov
2458:. Bloomberg
2108:Gizmodo.com
1225:10-K Filing
813:MedlinePlus
634:anaphylaxis
453:Joe Manchin
254:Mark I NAAK
136:anaphylaxis
132:epinephrine
104:anaphylaxis
96:epinephrine
57:Other names
4319:Adrenaline
4283:Categories
4088:Injections
3851:Urogenital
3787:Ophthalmic
3643:inhalation
3617:Toothpaste
3545:sublingual
3509:Suspension
3479:Herbal tea
3229:2021-11-03
2918:2 December
2893:2021-04-07
2675:2019-08-08
2579:2018-08-17
2554:2017-09-10
2530:2017-09-10
2179:2016-08-26
2021:. Indexed
1779:August 30,
1695:2014-04-08
1675:2014-04-08
1655:2014-04-08
1577:Pfizer.com
1236:Dey, Inc.
1210:2019-11-20
1149:2010-07-07
1034:August 31,
738:4 February
707:References
626:Merck KGaA
299:Merck KGaA
277:Merck KGaA
179:Adrenaline
4289:First aid
4093:infusions
4025:Liposomes
3821:Eye drops
3816:Ear drops
3727:Vaporizer
3722:Nebulizer
3612:Mouthwash
3541:sublabial
3464:Electuary
3454:Decoction
3164:8 October
3023:Money.com
2941:1 October
2837:8 January
2785:8 January
2761:2369-8683
2730:8 January
2625:22 August
2388:19 August
2245:3 October
2219:3 October
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1998:USA Today
1929:18 August
912:205435146
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582:CA$ 95.00
376:filed an
372:In 2009,
342:talk page
293:In 2007,
250:nerve gas
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4020:Hydrogel
4011:solution
3994:Liniment
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3933:Solution
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3858:Ointment
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3504:Solution
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3469:Emulsion
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3311:20716315
3275:27555092
3027:Archived
2832:CTV News
2805:CBC News
2704:Archived
2693:Archived
2197:Archived
2026:Archived
2015:Archived
1948:Archived
1806:cite web
1598:Archived
1530:16 March
1507:NBC News
1387:cite web
1319:16 March
1297:Form 11K
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336:You may
258:Bethesda
3964:topical
3902:enteral
3863:Pessary
3693:Liquids
3666:Smoking
3604:Liquids
3499:Softgel
3446:Liquids
3406:Capsule
3383:enteral
3289:Allergy
2863:June 9,
2811:June 9,
2690:Annex I
2645:FDA.GOV
2619:Gizmodo
2312:Fda.gov
1868:in part
1854:Pfizer
966:7156705
936:Allergy
841:Allergy
785:3492692
700:hackers
642:Kleenex
486:Valeant
236:History
155:tremors
4329:Sanofi
4159:Organs
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3960:Dermal
3898:Rectal
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4035:Cream
3999:Paste
3928:Enema
3880:(IUD)
3796:nasal
3718:(MDI)
3626:Spray
3514:Syrup
3315:S2CID
2688:EMA.
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