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leaves with a high amount of nitrogen compounds. They have been observed cutting leaf litter and bringing some fragments back to their burrows. To remove leaves from trees, they tear off a section of the leaf with their claws and feed on those small sections they tear off. Leaves with previous damage from other herbivorous organisms are targeted by the crabs for feeding, utilizing previous holes to tear off sections more easily.
31:
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374:
burrow when the tide is low in day time, unless heavy rainfall forces them out of the burrows. When the tide is high, the larger crabs climb up trees, while smaller crabs stay burrowed. They can climb as high as 6m up. The crabs do not feed while they stay up on the trees, which indicates that they
362:
feed on various food sources including detritus, bark, leaves, and on roots, algae and animal matter to a lesser extent. Their diet adapts to the environment, which helps them survive when food sources are scarce or changing. When food is abundant, such as during a feeding experiment, they prefer
394:
utilize three different sounds when communicating and competing with each other in the form of rapping, vibrating and leg stamping. Each form communicates a different message. Rapping is the action of repeatedly hitting their claws against the substrate. It is generally observed in displays of
423:
are harvested from mangrove habitats and are consumed by Thai people. 12,000 tons of crab harvested annually from the Thai mangroves cannot keep up with domestic demand. Hence, Thailand imports at least 6000 tons of sesarmid crabs from the neighboring countries of
Myanmar and Cambodia.
418:
is an important part of commercial fisheries in
Southeast Asia. They are harvested by hand and often pickled in vinegar and/or salt solutions to be eaten with rice or deep fried. Due to their popularity in Thailand, they are being overfished. 18,000 tons of sesarmid crabs like
275:. They also seem to possess an estimate of around 40 bony spine-like structures called tubercles. These are more pronounced in males and these tubercles like in other crab species that have them seemingly represent stridulatory organs used to create sound.
303:
possess 65-80 densely packed projections called tubercles These bony spine-like structures are more pronounced in males and, as seen in other crab species with tubercles, seem to be stridulatory organs for generating sound.
395:
territory defense against other individuals. Leg stamping is when the leg repeatedly strikes against the substrate. Leg stamping has been observed when used to show dominance for mates or territory, even when the
865:
Supmee, Verakiat; Ngernsiri, L.; Sriboonlert, A.; Wonnapinij, P.; Sangthong, Pradit (2012). "Population
Genetics of the Violet Vinegar Crab (Episesarma versicolor) Along the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand".
291:
is distinguished by its white tipped violet chela (claw). Males grow up to a maximum length of 5 cm. The carapace is square-shaped and relatively flat, colored brown to brownish grey. The first
326:
lobsters. Comparatively, mangroves have a high degree of biodiversity and provide a niche specific to the crab that decreases interspecific competition for food and other resources.
312:
Like most crabs they possess both male and female sexes. A ritual is generally performed utilizing both olfactory and tactile cues followed by an indirect sperm transfer.
1034:
1047:
215:. Distributed all over marine and brackish waters of Indo-West Pacific regions. It is harvested by many local fishermen for rich proteinaceous food.
1008:
815:"Indirect Ant-Protection against Crab Herbivory: Damage-Induced Susceptibility to Crab Grazing May Lead to Its Reduction on Ant-Colonized Trees"
1192:
1060:
1168:
564:"New record of the Sesarmid crab Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Sesarmidae) from the West Coast of India"
1099:
630:
526:
Goh, Song Lin Rigel; Hari Vishnu; Ngan Kee Ng (July 2019). "The Sounds of
Fighting: Contests between Violet Vinegar Crabs,
375:
migrate to avoid predators during high tide. Predators such as fish and hard-shelled crabs can enter the larger burrows of
532:
982:
320:
This species is well distributed in mangrove regions, inhabiting burrows at tree bases or sometimes mounds created by
727:"Food preferences of mangrove crabs related to leaf nitrogen compounds in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Java, Indonesia"
1052:
463:
399:
are fighting it is observed that they will still utilize leg stamping in their fights. Vibrating is the action of
492:
1161:
625:. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Vol. 2. Rome, Italy: FAO. pp. 681–1396.
950:
358:
and leaves of water plants, mangroves, and mangrove associates. At Segara Anakan Lagoon, Java, Indonesia,
987:
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are vulnerable to terrestrial predators and avoid detection by staying motionless on the tree trunks.
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441:
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871:
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530:(Tweedie, 1940) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), Are Resolved through Acoustic Communication".
497:
Tweedie, 1940 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in mangroves of
Pichavaram and Vellar, Tamil Nadu"
179:
38:
596:
1039:
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995:
930:
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has a narrower, shorter tip compared to other members of the genus. The dorsal portion of the
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902:
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785:
746:
691:
541:
403:
raising one of their legs and vibrating it in the air rapidly. This behavior is utilized by
891:"Optimal Dietary Protein Requirement for Juvenile Sesarmid Crab (Episesarma singaporense)"
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563:
1138:
925:
890:
224:
30:
1181:
831:
875:
799:
1000:
85:
774:"Feeding Ecology of Tree-Climbing Mangrove Sesarmid Crabs from Luzon, Philippines"
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after competition between species resembling a victory dance against competition.
379:, which forces larger individuals to climb up trees. However, while on the trees,
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Sudtongkong, Chanyut; Thongprajukaew, Karun; Saekhow, Suktianchai (2020).
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Nordhaus, Inga; Salewski, Tabea; Jennerjahn, Tim C. (2011-05-01).
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228:
680:"Niche Preferences of Tree-Climbing Crabs in Singapore Mangroves"
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1065:
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Fratini, S.; Vannini, M.; Cannicci, S.; Schubart, C. D. (2005).
109:
948:
648:"Tree-climbing mangrove crabs: a case of convergent evolution"
623:
The living marine resources of the
Western Central Pacific
813:
Offenberg, J.; Macintosh, D. J.; Nielsen, M. G. (2006).
1142:
504:
International
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies
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485:
483:
481:
957:
562:Bhat, Mithila; Trivedi, Jigneshkumar (2021-03-01).
334:mound system in comparison to other species in the
778:The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
287:comprises some of the largest sesarmid crabs.
1162:
8:
621:Carpenter, Kent E.; Niem, Volker H. (1998).
223:A mangrove inhabitant, it is found all over
1169:
1155:
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521:
519:
517:
444:. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
209:) is a swimming crab species in the genus
29:
20:
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906:
830:
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442:"Episesarma versicolor (Tweedie, 1940)"
433:
591:
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354:are omnivorous, but feed primarily on
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7:
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673:
671:
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493:"Occurrence of violet vinegar crab
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832:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01059.x
330:favors the forest more than the
1:
1193:Crustaceans described in 1940
772:MASAGCA, JIMMY TEVAR (2009).
652:Evolutionary Ecology Research
568:Journal of Biological Studies
533:Journal of Crustacean Biology
1141:. You can help Knowledge by
751:10.1016/j.seares.2011.03.006
227:countries such as Southern
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791:10.11598/btb.2009.16.1.61
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39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
731:Journal of Sea Research
696:10.1163/156854000504093
678:Sivasothi, N. (2000).
959:Episesarma versicolor
597:"violet vinegar crab"
546:10.1093/jcbiol/ruz023
528:Episesarma Versicolor
495:Episesarma versicolor
392:Episesarma versicolor
352:Episesarma versicolor
207:Episesarma versicolor
167:Episesarma versicolor
464:"Tree climbing crab"
411:Commercial fisheries
24:Violet vinegar crab
908:10.3390/ani10060998
743:2011JSR....65..414N
510:(2): 166–169. 2016.
203:violet vinegar crab
868:Zoological Studies
819:Functional Ecology
189:Sesarma versicolor
149:E. versicolor
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1074:Open Tree of Life
951:Taxon identifiers
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263:countries like
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173:(Tweedie, 1940)
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16:Species of crab
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599:. SeaLifeBase
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421:E. versicolor
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397:E. versicolor
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387:Communication
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377:E. versicolor
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372:E. versicolor
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360:E. versicolor
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158:Binomial name
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1143:expanding it
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601:. Retrieved
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381:E.versicolor
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308:Reproduction
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105:Infraorder:
86:Malacostraca
18:
1188:Portunoidea
1087:SeaLifeBase
1022:iNaturalist
684:Crustaceana
279:Description
261:South Asian
255:, northern
245:Philippines
69:Subphylum:
1198:Crab stubs
1182:Categories
901:(6): 998.
632:9251040516
603:1 November
470:1 November
448:1 November
428:References
336:Episesarma
332:Thalassina
323:Thalassina
285:Episesarma
283:The genus
265:Bangladesh
212:Episesarma
135:Episesarma
122:Sesarmidae
62:Arthropoda
974:Q13610611
917:2076-2615
841:0269-8463
759:1385-1101
704:0011-216X
660:1522-0613
580:2209-2560
367:Migration
273:Sri Lanka
257:Australia
249:Singapore
237:Indonesia
233:Hong Kong
143:Species:
110:Brachyura
74:Crustacea
45:Kingdom:
1040:11894962
968:Wikidata
935:32521751
876:59481392
800:55044138
712:20106241
342:Behavior
301:dactylus
295:of male
253:Thailand
241:Malaysia
180:Synonyms
117:Family:
98:Decapoda
57:Phylum:
50:Animalia
1014:5863380
926:7341200
895:Animals
849:3598960
739:Bibcode
347:Feeding
338:genus.
316:Habitat
293:gonopod
129:Genus:
93:Order:
81:Class:
1105:444517
1079:102444
1066:444517
1053:285654
1027:143091
988:474476
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629:
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1133:This
1100:WoRMS
1092:83892
1035:IRMNG
1001:6G7QC
872:S2CID
845:JSTOR
796:S2CID
708:JSTOR
500:(PDF)
356:calyx
269:India
229:China
1139:stub
1135:crab
1061:OBIS
1048:NCBI
1009:GBIF
983:BOLD
931:PMID
913:ISSN
837:ISSN
755:ISSN
700:ISSN
656:ISSN
627:ISBN
605:2016
576:ISSN
472:2016
450:2016
271:and
259:and
201:The
996:CoL
921:PMC
903:doi
827:doi
786:doi
747:doi
692:doi
542:doi
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