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roost during the day in mango trees and bamboo reeds or other trees. The
Gambian epauletted fruit bats hang upside down alone or in groups up to twenty. The species' droppings support whole ecosystems of unique organisms, including bacteria useful in detoxifying wastes, and producing gasohol. This species feeds on
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The species also tend to roost in small groups or as individuals. They can also roost low in trees during the day, undisturbed by the presence of people and even within areas that receive considerable light. These bats have been known to have a presence in agricultural areas with orchards of bananas,
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At birth the species are equipped with distinctive milk teeth that appear to be useless as tools for eating solid food, but help them attach to their mother's teats. The shedding of milk teeth and the emergence of permanent teeth occurs at about the same time as the bats learn to fly and begin to eat
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These bats primarily eat small fruits, often found flying from tree to tree, feeding on their primary food source, the fig. However, the fig is not a nutritious food source, due to its low amounts of protein and high amounts of sugar, but it is abundant, so the bats must cover a large number of trees
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The
Gambian epauletted fruit bats are frugivorous and will appear wherever fig, mango, guava or banana trees are in fruit. The social behavior within fruit-bat camps does not stop at individual family groups. The whole colony is organized, with separate peripheral groups of immatures and non-breeding
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Newborns grow rapidly, with various parts of their bodies growing at different rates. At birth, the thumbs and hind feet are almost adult size, and grow very little. However, the forearm and other bones supporting the wing enlarge quickly, producing a wing area in adults that is 10 times the size at
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Males fly at night to different locations to mate. There, they begin courting calls which attract the females. While making their mating calls, males will flash snowy white patches of fur on their shoulders, called epaulets, which are usually concealed. Because they do this at night, the large white
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It is very important that these bats spend so much time getting food because if they don't, then they will not have enough nutrients to give to their young and their babies will not survive. The young do stay in the nest while the parents retrieve the food, but instead, hang on to its mother's teats
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Their head and body length are usually 125–250 mm (5–10 in) and their wing span is about 508 mm (20 in) for the males. Mass ranges from 40 to 120 g (1.4 to 4.2 oz) and forearms are about 60–100 mm (2–4 in). This creature also has a tail that is hard to detect
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The pack moves during sunset in large flocks from resting areas to feeding areas. To avoid predators, the bats will carry fruit away from the tree before eating. Over several nights bats may carry more than a ton of seeds from a single wild fig tree, dramatically increasing the number of seedlings
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Fruit bats are tropical animals, but some species live in areas with only a limited fruiting season, as in east Africa where the
Gambian epauletted fruit bat might feed on figs during the rainy season but in the semi-arid conditions of the rest of the year may have to fly several hundred miles to
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They frequently sniff at each other's scent glands to establish personal recognition. Which represents high levels of social organization. When one is shot down, they show great concern and gather round swooping low to inspect it; a sign of affinity rather than totally independent behaviour. They
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Mostly found in Africa, these creatures have grayish-brown color fur with a white patch at the base of their ear in both males and females. These fruit bats are also very noisy creatures. In the context of mating behavior (see "Reproduction" below), adult males may hang from perches and perform a
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Although fertilization ensues immediately after mating, there is little development of the embryo. The delay in embryonic development ensures that birth coincides with a season when food is abundant enough to maintain lactating females, which have a high demand for energy. The delay in embryonic
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It is very easy to tell the male fruit bat from the female fruit bat. In comparison, males are usually larger than females. The males also have gland-like pouches in the skin of their shoulder, that is surrounded by light colored patches and/or tufts of fur. Thus, one of the reasons why they are
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As a fairly adaptable species to many types of environments, they can be found in a variety of habitats ranging from the dry savanna, moist savanna, mosaic, bushland, tropical dry forests, and subtropical dry forests habitats. They have also been reported to inhabit areas of partially degraded
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flowers. Despite this, figs are the primary food source because they are in bloom longer than the rest. The epauletted fruit bat has been known to spend eight to ten hours flying around from tree to tree eating because they burn more energy flying than they receive from the figs.
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The lifespan of this bat is long for being such a small mammal. Most epauletted fruit bats can live up to 28 years, and average about 21 years. The mechanism for such a long life in bats is not known with certainty. Some suggest the longevity in bats is related to the
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forest, mangrove, and swamp forest habitats. This species of bats prefer to live on the edge of forests and they tend to roost in places ranging from thick foliage, accumulated roots along stream banks, below the thatch of open sheds, and large tree hollows. (Fenton)
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On the outskirts of the camp, non-territorial males act as guards. They are alert to the slightest disturbance. They perform a visual inspection and either give a loud alarm signal, or remain still, keeping an eye open.
757:(Wilson). They are typically a lowland species occurring below 500 meters above sea level, however the Ethiopian populations have been found to occur up to 2,000 meters above sea level. It is native to the countries of
675:. The males of these species are usually larger than the females and in addition possess glandular pouches in the skin of the shoulder which are surrounded by light colored tufts of hair. These produce the effect of
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to receive the nutrition necessary to sustain flight and feed their young. However, these bats are not limited to eating just figs. They have also been known to feed on bananas, mangoes, guavas, and the nectar from
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birth. They rapidly gain weight until they are weaned. But once they begin to eat fruit instead of their mother's milk, their body weight decrease and they use up the fat reserve they have built up during nursing.
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The species is known to hang off of evergreen trees during the day alone or spread out from one another and travel in packs of hundreds during the late hours of the night in the forest of Africa.
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Populations of epauletted fruit bats are threatened by pesticides on fruit, human disturbance and over-collecting in the past. However, the number one reason it may be threatened is
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The species have more than one mate at a time. The males emit mating calls during the breeding season; which is around April to May and
October to November.
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development also permits mating to take place when both males and females are in prime physical condition and have access to good supplies of food.
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are in flight, they remain together in long processions. The leaders often change, yet they retain the same direction of flight. (Mickleburgh)
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figs, mangoes, guavas, and other fruits. They have made the move to human areas due to encroachment by humans into their natural habitats.
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period usually lasts about six months, and pregnant females will roost apart from the males. There is usually one young per birth.
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to find food. They also rely heavily on their smell because they use it to locate food and establish bonds with one another.
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in flight. This is only until about five weeks, when the bat begins to learn to fly and sheds its milk teeth. (Fenton)
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that will survive in new locations. The fruit bats spend over half their lives roosting in various places. (Wilson)
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calling-display during which they utter a moderately loud bell like 'ping' at intervals of 1–3 seconds.
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Gambian epauletted fruit bats are unlike other bats because they use sight rather than
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adults. The epauletted fruit bats travel in small groups of six to twenty bats. When the
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563:. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and savanna.
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Mammal
Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference
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find a different climate where other trees are still in fruit.
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named
Gambian epauletted fruit bats, it produces the effect of
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furs are more visible under the lighting conditions. (Wilson)
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The epauletted fruit bat's geographic range is from southern
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Mammals of Africa, Volume IV: "Hedgehogs, Shrews and Bats"
1225:
Findley, James (1993). "Bats: a
Community Perspective".
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disperser. Some flowering trees depend on the bats for
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618:of many West African trees, presumably acting as
1184:A Clinical Guide to Inherited Metabolic Diseases
1129:. Quadrangle/The New York Times Books Company.
1187:(3 ed.). New York: Cambridge University.
1156:(3 ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
1341:
1308:Bats in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book
898:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T7903A22122670.en
8:
1123:Yalden, Derek W; Morris, Patrick A (1975).
479:in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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223:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
4018:East African little collared fruit bat (
1150:Wilson, Don E; Reeder, DeeAnn M (2005).
1118:
1116:
84:This article includes a list of general
3907:Veldkamp's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
1086:
1084:
862:
671:The Gambian epauletted fruit bats show
3874:Hayman's dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3732:Lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
1000:Hill, John E; Smith, James D (1984).
450:
7:
3883:Peters' dwarf epauletted fruit bat (
3800:Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat (
2302:New Britain naked-backed fruit bat (
1810:Nusatenggara short-nosed fruit bat (
1446:Broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat (
787:The Democratic Republic of the Congo
590:beneath the inter femoral membrane.
161:adding citations to reliable sources
4381:IUCN Red List least concern species
3750:East African epauletted fruit bat (
2221:Philippine naked-backed fruit bat (
2212:Beaufort's naked-backed fruit bat (
2203:Andersen's naked-backed fruit bat (
884:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
438:Gambian epauletted fruit bat range
3238:Little golden-mantled flying fox (
2257:Solomon's naked-backed fruit bat (
2230:Halmahera naked-backed fruit bat (
1828:Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat (
1482:Round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (
1099:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1029:Kunz, Thomas; Racey, Paul (1998).
90:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3818:Franquet's epauletted fruit bat (
3768:Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat (
3415:Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat (
2612:Giant golden-crowned flying fox (
2311:Greenish naked-backed fruit bat (
2275:Moluccan naked-backed fruit bat (
2248:Sulawesi naked-backed fruit bat (
1545:Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat (
1033:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
45:This article has multiple issues.
3741:Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat (
3406:Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat (
2293:Western naked-backed fruit bat (
2284:Panniet naked-backed fruit bat (
1596:Steadfast tube-nosed fruit bat (
501:Democratic Republic of the Congo
307:
137:
75:
34:
3714:Peters's epauletted fruit bat (
3705:Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (
2961:New Ireland masked flying fox (
2812:New Georgian monkey-faced Bat (
2776:Bougainville monkey-faced Bat (
2663:Small white-winged flying fox (
2266:Lesser naked-backed fruit bat (
1819:Greater short-nosed fruit bat (
1473:Mountain tube-nosed fruit bat (
1311:. The Smithsonian Institution.
1210:. University of Toronto Press.
148:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3723:Gambian epauletted fruit bat (
3696:Angolan epauletted fruit bat (
2785:Guadalcanal monkey-faced Bat (
1774:Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (
1527:Demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (
1518:Malaita tube-nosed fruit bat (
1500:Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat (
1229:. Cambridge University Press.
172:"Gambian epauletted fruit bat"
1:
4009:São Tomé collared fruit bat (
2239:Biak naked-backed fruit bat (
1587:Lesser tube-nosed fruit bat (
1509:Island tube-nosed fruit bat (
1491:Dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (
1455:Common tube-nosed fruit bat (
1008:. University of Texas Press.
873:Tanshi, I.; Fahr, J. (2016).
258:Gambian epauletted fruit bat
3999:(Little collared fruit bats)
3759:Minor epauletted fruit bat (
3310:Philippine gray flying fox (
2907:Bismarck masked flying fox (
1968:Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat (
1563:Umboi tube-nosed fruit bat (
1227:Cambridge Studies in Ecology
1031:Bat Biology and Conservation
467:Gambian epauletted fruit bat
4027:Little collared fruit bat (
2685:(Straw-coloured fruit bats)
2494:New Caledonia blossom bat (
1902:Fischer's pygmy fruit bat (
1061:Wimsatt, William A (1970).
952:. Oxford University Press.
946:Neuweiler, Gerhard (2000).
4412:
3364:New Caledonia flying fox (
3114:Black-bearded flying fox (
2803:Montane monkey-faced Bat (
2794:Greater monkey-faced Bat (
2704:Straw-coloured fruit bat (
2335:Sulawesi harpy fruit bat (
1977:White-collared fruit bat (
1959:Javan tailless fruit bat (
1869:Rickart's dyak fruit bat (
1711:Spotted-winged fruit bat (
1687:Mindanao pygmy fruit bat (
1284:Schober, Wilfried (1984).
1095:Walker's BATS of the World
919:Kingdon, Jonathan (2013).
4396:Mammals described in 1835
4101:Short-palated fruit bat (
3663:
3649:
3449:
3435:
3211:Geelvink Bay flying fox (
3042:Livingstone's fruit bat (
2943:Large Samoan flying fox (
2871:Small Samoan flying fox (
2752:Small-toothed fruit bat (
2728:Fijian monkey-faced Bat (
2654:White-winged flying fox (
2578:
2564:
2544:Moss-forest blossom bat (
2444:Black-bellied fruit bat (
2435:Fardoulis's blossom bat (
2402:Long-tongued nectar bat (
2392:(Long-tongued fruit bats)
2378:
2364:
2155:
2141:
2057:Greater musky fruit bat (
1860:Brooks's dyak fruit bat (
1630:
1616:
1464:Pallas's tube-nosed bat (
1422:
1408:
1364:
1356:Extant species of family
1181:Clarke, Joe T.R. (2005).
449:
442:
437:
428:
409:
402:
304:Scientific classification
302:
280:
271:
262:
257:
4064:D'Anchieta's fruit bat (
3575:Leschenault's rousette (
3220:Grey-headed flying fox (
3123:Black-eared flying fox (
3006:Ontong Java flying fox (
2898:Ashy-headed flying fox (
2475:(Long-tailed fruit bats)
2411:Long-tongued fruit bat (
2193:(Bare-backed fruit bats)
2066:Lesser musky fruit bat (
1742:Black-capped fruit bat (
1554:Eastern tube-nosed Bat (
1202:Fenton, M Brock (1983).
1091:Nowak, Ronald M (1994).
973:Fenton, M Brock (1992).
779:Central African Republic
493:Central African Republic
4110:Campo-Ma’an fruit bat (
3319:Temminck's flying fox (
3292:Little red flying fox (
3274:Madagascan flying fox (
3024:Andersen's flying fox (
2988:Gilliard's flying fox (
2934:Spectacled flying fox (
2535:Halmahera blossom bat (
2485:Long-tailed fruit bat (
1926:Salim Ali's fruit bat (
1783:Horsfield's fruit bat (
1536:Lesser tube-nosed bat (
1436:(tube-nosed fruit bats)
1242:Graham, Gary L (1994).
1004:Bats, A Natural History
105:more precise citations.
3864:(Dwarf epauleted bats)
3686:(Epauleted fruit bats)
3620:Long-haired rousette (
3602:Bare-backed rousette (
3301:Seychelles fruit bat (
3265:Rodrigues flying fox (
3150:Mauritian flying fox (
3078:Big-eared flying fox (
2844:Admiralty flying fox (
2695:Madagascan fruit bat (
2453:Woodford's fruit bat (
2090:Blanford's fruit bat (
1764:(Dog-faced fruit bats)
1721:Balionycteris seimundi
1305:Wilson, Don E (2015).
1246:. St. Martin's Press.
4214:Epomophorus gambianus
4184:Epomophorus gambianus
3629:Madagascan rousette (
3548:Geoffroy's rousette (
3513:(rousette fruit bats)
3491:Philippine dawn bat (
3337:Vanikoro flying fox (
3247:Solomons flying fox (
3132:Caroline flying fox (
2916:Moluccan flying fox (
2594:Sulawesi flying fox (
1261:Hutson, Tony (2003).
877:Epomophorus gambianus
472:Epomophorus gambianus
413:Epomophorus gambianus
18:Epomophorus gambianus
4143:Zenker's fruit bat (
3809:Dobson's fruit bat (
3473:Greater nectar bat (
3328:Insular flying fox (
3256:Rennell flying fox (
3060:Okinawa flying fox (
2970:Nicobar flying fox (
2880:Vanuatu flying fox (
2853:Aldabra flying fox (
2526:Common blossom bat (
2171:Bulmer's fruit bat (
1950:Tailless fruit bat (
1792:Peters's fruit bat (
891:: e.T7903A22122670.
157:improve this article
4119:Pohle's fruit bat (
3968:Azagnyi fruit bat (
3842:Hammer-headed Bat (
3631:R. madagascariensis
3566:Egyptian rousette (
3557:Sulawesi rousette (
3346:Kosrae flying fox (
3202:Masked flying fox (
3177:Ornate flying fox (
3159:Temotu flying fox (
3105:Indian flying fox (
3096:Mariana fruit bat (
3087:Lesser flying fox (
3069:Lyle's flying fox (
3051:Lombok flying fox (
2952:Ryukyu flying fox (
2925:Makira flying fox (
2665:D. microleucopterus
2621:Palawan fruit bat (
2603:Talaud flying fox (
1290:. Arco Publishing.
949:The Biology of Bats
584:sexually stimulated
568:habitat destruction
274:Conservation status
3944:Angolan rousette (
3584:Linduan Rousette (
3550:R. amplexicaudatus
3530:Manado fruit bat (
3382:Dwarf flying fox (
3373:Pemba flying fox (
3355:Large flying fox (
3283:Samoa flying fox (
3229:Bonin flying fox (
3193:Pelew flying fox (
3141:Great flying fox (
3015:Small flying fox (
2979:Banks flying fox (
2862:Black flying fox (
2630:Sunda flying fox (
2047:(Musky fruit bats)
1850:(Dayak fruit bats)
1801:Minute fruit bat (
1654:Borneo fruit bat (
1644:(Pygmy fruit bats)
1269:. Voyageur Press.
1067:. Academic Press.
475:) is a species of
453:Pteropus gambianus
4368:
4367:
4176:Taxon identifiers
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4112:C. campomaanensis
4076:
4075:
4039:
4038:
4002:
3919:
3918:
3867:
3793:
3689:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3593:Comoro rousette (
3516:
3482:Cave nectar bat (
3466:
3463:(Dawn fruit bats)
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3168:Ceram fruit bat (
2997:Gray flying fox (
2936:P. conspicillatus
2837:
2688:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2519:
2478:
2395:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2344:Harpy fruit bat (
2196:
2149:Harpyionycterinae
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2114:Swift fruit bat (
2050:
2025:Dusky fruit bat (
2003:O. cartilagonodus
2001:Luzon fruit bat (
1878:Dayak fruit bat (
1853:
1830:C. titthaecheilus
1767:
1744:C. melanocephalus
1663:Pygmy fruit bat (
1647:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1439:
1287:The Lives of Bats
1244:Bats of the World
1194:978-0-511-13324-4
1126:The Lives of Bats
979:. Facts on File.
925:. A&C Black.
673:sexual dimorphism
463:
462:
457:
395:E. gambianus
297:
251:
250:
243:
233:
232:
225:
207:
131:
130:
123:
68:
16:(Redirected from
4403:
4361:
4360:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4283:
4282:
4270:
4269:
4257:
4256:
4244:
4243:
4231:
4230:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4171:
4087:
4050:
4011:M. brachycephala
4001:
4000:
3996:
3977:Woermann's bat (
3930:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3792:
3791:
3790:(Epauleted bats)
3787:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3651:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3451:
3437:
3303:P. seychellensis
3222:P. poliocephalus
3143:P. neohibernicus
3033:Kei flying fox (
2918:P. chrysoproctus
2889:Aru flying fox (
2846:P. admiralitatum
2836:
2835:
2831:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2580:
2566:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2496:N. neocaledonica
2477:
2476:
2472:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2366:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2157:
2143:
2049:
2048:
2044:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1618:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1424:
1410:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1327:
1322:
1301:
1280:
1268:
1257:
1238:
1221:
1209:
1198:
1168:
1167:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1007:
997:
991:
990:
970:
964:
963:
943:
937:
936:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
900:
870:
705:fruit. (Fenton)
656:Parkia biglobosa
455:
433:
415:
312:
311:
291:
286:
285:
267:
255:
246:
239:
228:
221:
217:
214:
208:
206:
165:
141:
133:
126:
119:
115:
112:
106:
101:this article by
92:inline citations
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
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4402:
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4371:
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4353:Observation.org
4351:
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4286:
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4239:
4234:
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4212:
4211:
4206:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4178:
4168:
4151:
4127:
4072:
4035:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3985:
3952:
3915:
3891:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3850:
3826:
3802:E. buettikoferi
3789:
3788:
3786:
3776:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3659:
3637:
3577:R. leschenaulti
3512:
3511:
3509:
3499:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3445:
3423:
3390:
3339:P. tuberculatus
3161:P. nitendiensis
3044:P. livingstonii
2990:P. gilliardorum
2833:
2832:
2830:
2820:
2760:
2736:
2712:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2671:
2638:
2574:
2552:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2502:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2419:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2374:
2352:
2326:Harpyionycteris
2319:
2286:D. pannietensis
2192:
2191:
2189:
2179:
2151:
2129:
2098:
2074:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2033:
2009:
1985:
1934:
1910:
1886:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1836:
1812:C. nusatenggara
1763:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1726:
1695:
1689:A. paucidentata
1671:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1626:
1604:
1571:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1418:
1404:
1360:
1354:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1283:
1277:
1260:
1254:
1241:
1224:
1218:
1201:
1195:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1064:Biology of Bats
1060:
1059:
1048:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1016:
999:
998:
994:
987:
972:
971:
967:
960:
945:
944:
940:
933:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
872:
871:
864:
859:
741:, and southern
723:
669:
651:
599:
424:
417:
411:
398:
306:
298:
287:
283:
276:
247:
236:
235:
234:
229:
218:
212:
209:
166:
164:
154:
142:
127:
116:
110:
107:
97:Please help to
96:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:Bats of Africa
4383:
4373:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4297:
4284:
4271:
4258:
4245:
4232:
4219:
4204:
4188:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4097:
4095:
4084:
4082:Scotonycterini
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4024:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3876:M. intermedius
3870:
3868:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3796:
3794:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3654:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3626:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3568:R. aegyptiacus
3563:
3554:
3537:
3536:
3519:
3517:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3412:
3408:S. mindorensis
3402:
3400:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3267:P. rodricensis
3262:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3116:P. melanopogon
3111:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3062:P. loochoensis
3057:
3053:P. lombocensis
3048:
3039:
3030:
3026:P. intermedius
3021:
3017:P. hypomelanus
3012:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2909:P. capistratus
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2855:P. aldabrensis
2850:
2840:
2838:
2834:(flying foxes)
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2660:
2656:D. leucopterus
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2516:(blossom bats)
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2376:
2375:
2372:Macroglossinae
2369:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2277:D. moluccensis
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1794:C. luzoniensis
1789:
1785:C. horsfieldii
1780:
1770:
1768:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1520:N. malaitensis
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1394:Laurasiatheria
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1302:
1296:
1281:
1275:
1258:
1252:
1239:
1222:
1216:
1199:
1193:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1142:
1135:
1112:
1105:
1080:
1073:
1046:
1039:
1021:
1014:
992:
985:
965:
958:
938:
931:
911:
861:
860:
858:
855:
722:
719:
668:
665:
650:
647:
598:
595:
461:
460:
459:
458:
447:
446:
440:
439:
435:
434:
426:
425:
418:
407:
406:
400:
399:
392:
390:
386:
385:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
313:
300:
299:
281:
278:
277:
272:
269:
268:
260:
259:
249:
248:
231:
230:
145:
143:
136:
129:
128:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
27:Species of bat
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4408:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4134:Scotonycteris
4130:
4124:
4122:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4004:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:Megaloglossus
3955:
3949:
3947:
3946:L. angolensis
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:Lissonycteris
3931:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3909:N. veldkampii
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3859:
3858:
3857:Micropteropus
3853:
3847:
3845:
3844:H. monstrosus
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3698:E. angolensis
3694:
3693:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:Epomophorinae
3652:
3648:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3615:Stenonycteris
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:R. spinalatus
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:R. obliviosus
3591:
3589:
3587:
3586:R. linduensis
3582:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3559:R. celebensis
3555:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3375:P. voeltzkowi
3371:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3321:P. temminckii
3317:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3294:P. scapulatus
3290:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3204:P. personatus
3200:
3198:
3196:
3195:P. pelewensis
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3134:P. molossinus
3130:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2954:P. dasymallus
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2596:A. celebensis
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2487:N. macdonaldi
2483:
2482:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2437:M. fardoulisi
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2349:
2347:
2346:H. whiteheadi
2342:
2340:
2338:
2337:H. celebensis
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2304:D. praedatrix
2300:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2126:
2125:
2124:T. suhaniahae
2121:
2119:
2117:
2116:T. nigrescens
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:Haplonycteris
1889:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1776:C. brachyotis
1772:
1771:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:Balionycteris
1698:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1578:Paranyctimene
1574:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1493:N. draconilla
1489:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1466:N. cephalotes
1462:
1460:
1458:
1457:N. albiventer
1453:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1320:
1318:9781588345110
1314:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1297:9780668059930
1293:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1276:9780896585003
1272:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1163:9780801882210
1159:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1136:9780812906004
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:9780801849862
1102:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:9780127580012
1070:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1006:
1005:
996:
993:
988:
982:
978:
977:
969:
966:
961:
959:9780195099508
955:
951:
950:
942:
939:
934:
932:9781408189962
928:
924:
923:
915:
912:
899:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
878:
869:
867:
863:
856:
854:
850:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Guinea-Bissau
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:Côte d'Ivoire
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:and southern
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
720:
718:
716:
712:
706:
702:
698:
694:
692:
687:
683:
680:
678:
674:
666:
664:
660:
657:
648:
646:
644:
639:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
596:
594:
591:
587:
585:
581:
575:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:Guinea-Bissau
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
454:
451:
448:
445:
441:
436:
432:
427:
422:
416:
414:
408:
405:
404:Binomial name
401:
397:
396:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
379:
376:
375:
372:
369:
366:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
345:
342:
339:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:
310:
305:
301:
295:
290:
289:Least Concern
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
256:
253:
245:
242:
227:
224:
216:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174: –
173:
169:
168:Find sources:
162:
158:
152:
151:
146:This article
144:
140:
135:
134:
125:
122:
114:
104:
100:
94:
93:
87:
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4183:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4092:Casinycteris
4090:
4066:P. anchietae
4065:
4053:
4028:
4019:
4010:
3990:
3979:M. woermanni
3978:
3969:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3925:Myonycterini
3908:
3898:Nanonycteris
3896:
3884:
3875:
3855:
3843:
3833:Hypsignathus
3831:
3820:E. franqueti
3819:
3810:
3801:
3781:
3770:E. wahlbergi
3769:
3760:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3725:E. gambianus
3724:
3722:
3716:E. crypturus
3715:
3706:
3697:
3677:
3669:Epomophorini
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3504:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3454:
3416:
3407:
3397:Styloctenium
3395:
3384:P. woodfordi
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3312:P. speciosus
3311:
3302:
3293:
3285:P. samoensis
3284:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3231:P. pselaphon
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3187:P. pelagicus
3185:
3178:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3125:P. melanotus
3124:
3115:
3106:
3098:P. mariannus
3097:
3089:P. mahaganus
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2882:P. anetianus
2881:
2873:P. allenorum
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2825:
2813:
2804:
2796:P. flanneryi
2795:
2786:
2777:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2730:M. acrodonta
2729:
2717:
2705:
2697:E. dupreanum
2696:
2676:
2664:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2583:
2572:Pteropodinae
2545:
2537:S. carolinae
2536:
2528:S. australis
2527:
2509:Syconycteris
2507:
2495:
2486:
2466:
2455:M. woodfordi
2454:
2445:
2436:
2426:Melonycteris
2424:
2412:
2403:
2385:Macroglossus
2383:
2345:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2232:D. crenulata
2231:
2222:
2214:D. beauforti
2213:
2205:D. anderseni
2204:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2122:
2115:
2103:
2092:S. blanfordi
2091:
2079:
2067:
2058:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1952:M. ecaudatus
1951:
1939:
1928:L. salimalii
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1880:D. spadiceus
1879:
1870:
1861:
1841:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1678:Alionycteris
1676:
1664:
1655:
1635:
1624:Cynopterinae
1597:
1588:
1576:
1565:N. vizcaccia
1564:
1556:N. robinsoni
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1427:
1416:Nyctimeninae
1392:Superorder:
1386:Infraclass:
1358:Pteropodidae
1307:
1286:
1264:
1243:
1226:
1205:
1183:
1152:
1145:
1125:
1094:
1063:
1030:
1024:
1003:
995:
975:
968:
948:
941:
921:
914:
902:. Retrieved
888:
882:
876:
851:
847:
827:Sierra Leone
793:, Ethiopia,
771:Burkina Faso
739:South Africa
728:
724:
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
684:
681:
670:
667:Reproduction
661:
655:
652:
643:echolocation
640:
636:
632:
608:
600:
592:
588:
576:
572:
565:
549:Sierra Leone
485:Burkina Faso
471:
470:
466:
464:
456:Ogilby, 1835
452:
412:
410:
394:
393:
381:
371:Pteropodidae
252:
237:
219:
213:January 2011
210:
200:
193:
186:
179:
167:
155:Please help
150:verification
147:
117:
108:
89:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
4391:Epomophorus
4262:iNaturalist
4208:Wikispecies
4121:C. ophiodon
4103:C. argynnis
4029:M. torquata
3992:Myonycteris
3885:M. pusillus
3743:E. labiatus
3679:Epomophorus
3443:Rousettinae
3417:S. wallacei
3357:P. vampyrus
3330:P. tonganus
3258:P. rennelli
3170:P. ocularis
3080:P. macrotis
3035:P. keyensis
3008:P. howensis
2981:P. fundatus
2972:P. faunulus
2927:P. cognatus
2900:P. caniceps
2891:P. aruensis
2645:Desmalopex
2632:A. mackloti
2623:A. leucotis
2446:M. melanops
2413:M. sobrinus
2223:D. chapmani
2173:A. bulmerae
2040:Ptenochirus
1992:Otopteropus
1979:M. wetmorei
1970:M. niphanae
1961:M. kusnotoi
1904:H. fischeri
1871:D. rickarti
1843:Dyacopterus
1713:B. maculata
1656:A. aequalis
1484:N. cyclotis
904:17 November
825:, Senegal,
737:to eastern
717:. (Fenton)
713:content of
630:. (Fenton)
628:pollination
553:South Sudan
505:Ivory Coast
382:Epomophorus
103:introducing
4375:Categories
4145:S. zenkeri
4020:M. relicta
3970:M. azagnyi
3811:E. dobsoni
3752:E. minimus
3734:E. grandis
3707:E. anselli
3655:Subfamily
3622:R. lanosus
3493:E. robusta
3484:E. spelaea
3456:Eonycteris
3441:Subfamily
3366:P. vetulus
3348:P. ualanus
3249:P. rayneri
3240:P. pumilus
3179:P. ornatus
2999:P. griseus
2963:P. ennisae
2805:P. pulchra
2767:Pteralopex
2614:A. jubatus
2605:A. humilis
2570:Subfamily
2468:Notopteris
2404:M. minimus
2370:Subfamily
2313:D. viridis
2295:D. peronii
2259:D. inermis
2250:D. exoleta
2147:Subfamily
2105:Thoopterus
1862:D. brooksi
1803:C. minutus
1757:Cynopterus
1622:Subfamily
1538:N. minutus
1529:N. masalai
1475:N. certans
1414:Subfamily
1400:Chiroptera
1253:0307240800
1217:1442655380
1040:1560988258
1015:0292707525
986:0816026793
857:References
620:pollinator
604:fruit bats
580:epaulettes
361:Chiroptera
183:newspapers
86:references
50:improve it
4045:Plerotini
3613:Subgenus
3543:Rousettus
3541:Subgenus
3532:R. bidens
3523:Subgenus
3506:Rousettus
3213:P. pohlei
3107:P. medius
2864:P. alecto
2787:P. atrata
2778:P. anceps
2754:N. frosti
2743:Neopteryx
2706:E. helvum
2546:S. hobbit
2241:D. emersa
2162:Aproteles
2081:Sphaerias
2059:P. jagori
2027:P. lucasi
2016:Penthetor
1941:Megaerops
1821:C. sphinx
1665:A. alecto
1637:Aethalops
1589:P. raptor
1547:N. rabori
1502:N. keasti
1429:Nyctimene
1368:Kingdom:
1235:0957-0764
1206:Just Bats
691:gestation
389:Species:
327:Kingdom:
321:Eukaryota
111:June 2013
56:talk page
4332:13800112
4280:11039700
4193:Wikidata
4055:Plerotes
3761:E. minor
3475:E. major
3276:P. rufus
3152:P. niger
3071:P. lylei
2827:Pteropus
2719:Mirimiri
2585:Acerodon
2268:D. minor
2186:Dobsonia
2068:P. minor
1917:Latidens
1733:Chironax
1598:P. tenax
1511:N. major
1448:N. aello
1388:Eutheria
1382:Mammalia
1376:Chordata
1374:Phylum:
1370:Animalia
843:Zimbabwe
813:, Mali,
775:Cameroon
767:Botswana
747:Ethiopia
735:Tanzania
677:epaulets
597:Behavior
509:Ethiopia
489:Cameroon
444:Synonyms
367:Family:
351:Mammalia
341:Chordata
337:Phylum:
331:Animalia
317:Domain:
294:IUCN 3.1
4319:1004520
4254:2432790
4199:Q304118
3783:Epomops
2945:P. coxi
2814:P. taki
2678:Eidolon
1398:Order:
1380:Class:
1175:Sources
823:Nigeria
815:Namibia
811:Liberia
751:Senegal
721:Habitat
715:neurons
711:calpain
622:and/or
545:Senegal
541:Nigeria
529:Liberia
477:megabat
423:, 1835)
377:Genus:
357:Order:
347:Class:
292: (
197:scholar
99:improve
4345:372077
4293:631571
4241:327338
3525:Boneia
1315:
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1191:
1160:
1133:
1103:
1071:
1037:
1012:
983:
956:
929:
841:, and
839:Zambia
803:Guinea
795:Gambia
759:Angola
616:fruits
612:nectar
559:, and
521:Guinea
513:Gambia
421:Ogilby
199:
192:
185:
178:
170:
88:, but
4358:80158
4275:IRMNG
4267:40812
4228:6G8XZ
831:Sudan
819:Niger
799:Ghana
763:Benin
743:Sudan
731:Zaire
557:Sudan
537:Niger
517:Ghana
481:Benin
204:JSTOR
190:books
4340:NCBI
4306:7903
4301:IUCN
4288:ITIS
4249:GBIF
1313:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1265:Bats
1248:ISBN
1231:ISSN
1212:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1010:ISBN
981:ISBN
976:Bats
954:ISBN
927:ISBN
906:2021
889:2016
835:Togo
783:Chad
755:Mali
745:and
733:and
689:The
649:Diet
624:seed
614:and
561:Togo
533:Mali
497:Chad
465:The
176:news
4327:MSW
4314:MDD
4236:EoL
4223:CoL
893:doi
749:to
159:by
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