1210:
122:
757:
743:
975:
146:
669:
1460:
469:
3463:
species may have been a common food for herbivorous dinosaurs. With studies showing that horsetails are nutritionally of high quality, it is assumed that horsetails were an important component of herbivorous dinosaur diets. Analysis of the scratch marks on hadrosaur teeth is consistent with grazing
898:
activity and cell age led to the suggestion that XET is catalysing endotransglycosylation in controlled wall-loosening during cell expansion. The lack of MXE in the Poales suggests that there it must play some other, currently unknown, role. Due to the correlation between MXE activity and cell age,
722:
sheaths. The stems are usually green and photosynthetic, and are distinctive in being hollow, jointed and ridged (with sometimes 3 but usually 6–40 ridges). There may or may not be whorls of branches at the nodes. Unusually, the branches often emerge below the leaves in an internode, and grow
727:
5142:
L. and invigoration of the body (ID 2437), maintenance of skin (ID 2438), maintenance of hair (ID 2438), maintenance of bone (ID 2439), and maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 2783) pursuant to
Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No
5025:
Williams, Vincent S.; Barrett, Paul M. & Purnell, Mark A. (2009), "Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding",
3492:, such as for invigoration, weight control, skincare, hair health or bone health. As of 2018, there is insufficient scientific evidence for its effectiveness as a medicine to treat any human condition.
4423:
Christenhusz, Maarten J M; Bangiolo, Lois; Chase, Mark W; Fay, Michael F; Husby, Chad; Witkus, Marika; Viruel, Juan (April 2019). "Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (
3313:(variegated horsetail). They typically grow 20 cm–1.5 m (8 in–5 ft) tall, though the subtropical "giant horsetails" are recorded to grow as high as 5 m (16 ft) (
846:
have split open longitudinally. They are photosynthetic and have a lifespan that is usually two weeks at most, but will germinate immediately under humid conditions and develop into a
863:
4584:
4791:
5742:
5549:
5588:
4359:"Equisetum thermale sp. nov. (Equisetales) from the Jurassic San Agustín hot spring deposit, Patagonia: Anatomy, paleoecology, and inferred paleoecophysiology"
426:
period. The pattern of spacing of nodes in horsetails, wherein those toward the apex of the shoot are increasingly close together, is said to have inspired
5315:
5752:
1287:
4171:
4241:"Reconstruction and Phylogenetic Significance of a New Equisetum Linnaeus Species from the Lower Jurassic of Cerro Bayo (Chubut Province, Argentina)"
4082:"Bonds broken & formed during the mixed-linkage glucan: xyloglucan endotransglucosylase reaction catalysed by Equisetum hetero-trans-β-glucanase"
5487:
3403:
People have regularly consumed horsetails. The fertile stems bearing strobili of some species can be cooked and eaten like asparagus (a dish called
5562:
5500:
4613:
5637:
5238:
3619:
4675:
3857:
5757:
5747:
3833:
3435:
756:
4035:
Sørensen, Iben; Pettolino, Filomena A.; Wilson, Sarah M.; Doblin, Monika S.; Johansen, Bo; Bacic, Antony; Willats, William G. T. (2008).
3779:
Rutishauser, R (November 1999). "Polymerous leaf whorls in vascular plants: Developmental morphology and fuzziness of organ identities".
1021:
from the Late
Jurassic of Argentina exhibit all the morphological characters of modern members of the genus. The estimated split between
4592:
3535:
3450:
121:
4553:
4136:
1209:
4804:
4829:
4774:
4536:
4189:
3716:
552:
815:, cone-like structures at the tips of some of the stems. In many species the cone-bearing shoots are unbranched, and in some (e.g.
5699:
5226:
3627:
5536:
4900:
1239:– southern giant horsetail or giant horsetail; temperate to tropical South America and Central America north to southern Mexico
895:
5154:
4790:
Turner, Nancy J. (2014). "Appendix 2B. Names of Native Plant
Species in Indigenous Languages of Northwestern North America".
3603:
3481:
3442:, or horsetail roots, for cedar root baskets. The young plants are eaten cooked or raw, but considerable care must be taken.
1275:– smooth horsetail, smooth scouringrush; western 3/4 of North America down into northwestern Mexico; also sometimes known as
490:
5182:
4793:
Ancient
Pathways, Ancestral Knowledge. Ethnobotany and Ecological Wisdom of Indigenous Peoples of Northwestern North America
1369:– variegated horsetail, variegated scouringrush; northern (cool temperate) zones worldwide, except for northeasternmost Asia
5567:
622:, making them useful for scouring (cleaning) metal items such as cooking pots or drinking mugs, particularly those made of
5575:
1304:
4665:
866:(MXE) activity. This is a novel enzyme and is not known to occur in any other plants. In addition, the cell walls of all
5440:
1756:
1325:
742:
533:
451:), is occasionally referred to as "horsetail", and adding to confusion, the name "mare's tail" is sometimes applied to
5386:
5264:
1169:– shady horsetail, meadow horsetail, shade horsetail; circumboreal except for tundra down through cool temperate zones
505:
31:
5650:
4318:"Origin of Equisetum : Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida"
4316:
Elgorriaga, Andrés; Escapa, Ignacio H.; Rothwell, Gar W.; Tomescu, Alexandru M. F.; Rubén Cúneo, N. (August 2018).
3392:
917:
486:
145:
479:
5737:
5593:
4181:
3680:
3218:
of the
European list. Northern North America (Canada and the northernmost United States), also has nine species (
3151:
2910:
1821:
842:
that act as moisture-sensitive springs, assisting spore dispersal through crawling and hopping motions after the
512:
5655:
3360:. Since the stems have a waxy coat, the plant is resistant to contact weedkillers like glyphosate. However, as
1378:
1109:
4239:
Elgorriaga, Andrés; Escapa, Ignacio H.; Bomfleur, Benjamin; Cúneo, Rubén; Ottone, Eduardo G. (February 2015).
565:
The name "horsetail", often used for the entire group, arose because the branched species somewhat resemble a
5474:
4195:
3685:
2976:
1798:
1665:
1596:
1545:
1365:
1165:
1134:– Himalayan horsetail; Himalayan India and China and adjacent nations above about 450 metres (1,480 ft)
3033:
2616:
1721:
1688:
1642:
1619:
1373:
519:
5448:
5329:
3321:
3297:
3009:
2869:
2690:
2355:
2248:
1771:
1570:
1507:
1497:
1480:
1442:
1320:
1282:
1214:
5624:
5479:
5453:
4906:
3561:
1746:
1463:
1411:
1361:
1291:
1007:
827:, marsh horsetail) they are very similar to sterile shoots, photosynthetic and with whorls of branches.
570:
2714:
1522:
699:. However, it has recently been recognised that horsetail microphylls are probably not ancestral as in
5505:
821:, field horsetail) they are non-photosynthetic, produced early in spring. In some other species (e.g.
501:
5732:
5704:
5603:
5412:
5035:
3745:
3477:
3330:
3309:
3303:
3050:
2838:
2814:
2731:
2576:
2338:
2217:
2193:
2102:
2054:
1782:
1731:
1581:
1352:
1339:
1268:
1173:
1138:
1049:
984:
871:
5202:
4454:
Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022).
3590:
Dunmire, John R.; Williamson, Joseph F. (1995). "EQUISETUM hyemale". In
Brenzel, Kathleen N. (ed.).
3653:
3631:
3511:
3315:
2959:
2633:
2483:
2381:
2289:
2004:
1895:
1396:
1299:
1232:
1184:
1044:
1023:
1001:
131:
4639:
4037:"Mixed-linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucan is not unique to the Poales and is an abundant component of
5727:
5686:
5642:
5461:
5207:
sp. nov., ein
Riesenschachtelhalm aus der spättriassischen Formation Santa Clara, Sonora, Mexiko"
5007:
5003:
4822:
Ethnobotany of western
Washington: the knowledge and use of indigenous plants by Native Americans
4303:
sp. nov. from the
Mesozoic of south‐eastern Queensland. Australian Journal of Botany 16: 153–176.
4278:
4213:
3804:
3761:
2559:
2528:
2085:
1964:
1947:
1427:
1160:
1149:
1125:
1017:
823:
781:
279:
140:
4927:
974:
5629:
5302:
1191:– great horsetail; Europe to Asia Minor and north Africa. The former North American subspecies
5611:
5554:
5399:
5230:
5213:
sp. nov., a giant horsetail from the late
Triassic Santa Clara Formation, Sonora, Mexico]
5116:
5063:
4962:
4930:. MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. 8 December 2017
4825:
4800:
4770:
4671:
4532:
4487:
4398:
4390:
4339:
4270:
4185:
4111:
4062:
4017:
3972:
3927:
3853:
3829:
3796:
3712:
3599:
3423:
3365:
3344:
3291:
2893:
2666:
2272:
2128:
2021:
1474:
1243:
1180:– wood horsetail; circumboreal down through cool temperate zones, more restricted in east Asia
1104:
1091:
979:
817:
762:
748:
673:
628:
253:
3947:"Mixed-linkage -glucan:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase, a novel wall-remodelling enzyme from
3693:
3522:. Further, its safety for oral consumption has not been sufficiently evaluated and it may be
890:
suggests that they have evolved MLG along with some mechanism of cell wall modification. Non-
886:
and the Poales suggests that each evolved MLG independently. The presence of MXE activity in
5616:
5528:
5158:
5106:
5096:
5053:
5043:
4561:
4477:
4467:
4436:
4380:
4370:
4329:
4260:
4252:
4148:
4101:
4093:
4052:
4007:
3962:
3917:
3907:
3788:
3753:
3282:
1555:
1344:
1331:
941:
920:. The living members are divided into three distinct lineages, which are usually treated as
651:
368:
317:
944:
are common, but hybridization has only been recorded between members of the same subgenus.
17:
4225:
3990:
Fry, Stephen C.; Nesselrode, Bertram H. W. A.; Miller, Janice G.; Mewburn, Ben R. (2008).
3896:"Cytological and proteomic analyses of horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) spore germination"
3427:
3278:
1417:
894:
land plants tested lack detectable MXE activity. An observed negative correlation between
726:
692:
641:
442:
390:
5466:
5367:
5309:
4240:
5039:
3874:
3749:
1250:– rough horsetail; most of non-tropical Old World. The former North American subspecies
5111:
5084:
5058:
4747:
4482:
4455:
4106:
3922:
3895:
3658:
3515:
1401:
875:
808:
791:
715:
688:
618:-like appearance of the plants and to the fact that the stems are coated with abrasive
526:
372:
170:
3352:, readily regrowing from the rhizome after being pulled out. It is unaffected by many
668:
5721:
4529:
Collins Guide to the Grasses, Sedges, Rushes and Ferns of Britain and Northern Europe
4057:
4036:
4012:
3991:
3967:
3946:
3674:
3592:
3357:
3335:
3211:
3167:
1432:
1096:
1054:
937:
719:
423:
386:
259:
237:
79:
4846:
3765:
5691:
5259:"The Ancient (Native) Horsetail: Sometimes Unwelcomed, Always Fascinating! – SSISC"
4691:
4282:
3845:
3808:
3485:
1459:
1012:
415:
364:
245:
220:
5404:
5391:
5378:
4256:
5678:
5580:
5513:
5361:
5083:
Dragos, D; Gilca, M; Gaman, L; Vlad, A; Iosif, L; Stoian, I; Lupescu, O (2017).
4440:
3388:
3163:
3150:
as a whole, while concentrated in the non-tropical northern hemisphere, is near-
1348:– dwarf horsetail, dwarf scouringrush; northern (cool temperate) zones worldwide
1100:– field horsetail or common horsetail; circumboreal down through temperate zones
847:
637:
468:
427:
397:
393:
210:
200:
54:
4170:
Trounce, Bob; Hanson, Cindy; Lloyd, Sandy; Iaconis, Linda; Thorp, John (2003).
3757:
3503:
3499:
3454:
3155:
1058:
843:
835:
767:
708:
704:
696:
135:(great horsetail), showing whorls of branches and the tiny dark-tipped leaves
99:
64:
5234:
5163:
5137:
4949:
Henderson JA, Evans EV, McIntosh RA (June 1952). "The antithiamine action of
4472:
4394:
4274:
4081:
3445:
If eaten over a long enough period of time, some species of horsetail can be
5425:
5048:
5008:"How Did Huge Dinosaurs Find Enough Food? Did Bacteria Aid Their Digestion?"
3912:
3373:
3353:
3286:
3159:
1357:
1130:
812:
700:
431:
410:
401:
104:
5668:
5352:
5120:
5067:
4966:
4877:
4719:
4491:
4402:
4343:
4115:
4066:
4021:
3976:
3931:
3800:
614:
for unbranched or sparsely branched species. The latter name refers to the
396:, which for over 100 million years was much more diverse and dominated the
3852:(Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics.
3338:, rooted in water with shoots growing into the air. The stalks arise from
5663:
5346:
3879:
3523:
3519:
3507:
1447:
921:
787:
619:
447:
435:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
4505:
4375:
4358:
4097:
3945:
Fry, S. C.; Mohler, K. E.; Nesselrode, B. H. W. A.; Frankov, L. (2008).
1065:, sometimes treated as a separate species. Previously included in subg.
5492:
4385:
4265:
3369:
3339:
3274:) of the eighteen species are known to be native south of the Equator.
1335:) – branched horsetail; Asia, Europe, Africa, southwest Pacific islands
493: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
109:
84:
5138:"Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to
5101:
4334:
4317:
5518:
5286:
4357:
Channing, Alan; Zamuner, Alba; Edwards, Dianne; Guido, Diego (2011).
3446:
3377:
3342:
that are deep underground and difficult to dig out. Field horsetail (
879:
839:
615:
5323:
4899:
Israelsen, Clark E.; McKendrick, Scott S.; Bagley, Clell V. (2010).
3372:
to 7 or 8. Members of the genus have been declared noxious weeds in
5181:
Husby, Chad E.; Walkowiak, Radosław J. (2012). Zawada, Beth (ed.).
3792:
5541:
5430:
3419:
1458:
1208:
973:
929:
899:
MXE has been proposed to promote the cessation of cell expansion.
834:, though in the field horsetail, smaller spores give rise to male
831:
804:
755:
741:
667:
633:
577:
566:
376:
360:
157:
5187:(Horsetail) and the Class Equisetopsida (Sphenopsida) as a whole"
4980:
Fabre, B; Geay, B.; Beaufils, P. (1993). "Thiaminase activity in
4824:(Revised ed.). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
3824:
Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009.
5308:
4699:
3992:"Mixed-linkage (1→3,1→4)-β-d-glucan is a major hemicellulose of
3894:
Zhao, Q.; Gao, J.; Suo, J.; Chen, S.; Wang, T.; Dai, S. (2015).
3349:
1031:
is estimated to have occurred no later than the Early Jurassic.
684:
419:
405:
190:
180:
5327:
1382:– Atacama Desert giant horsetail; southern Peru, northern Chile
1077:
appears to be sister to all the remaining species in the genus.
5417:
623:
462:
341:
3170:. They are most common in northern Europe, with ten species (
347:
5258:
1295:– Mexican giant horsetail; from central Mexico south to Peru
1156:– marsh horsetail; circumboreal down through temperate zones
1145:– water horsetail; circumboreal down through temperate zones
967:, although they may also be listed as separate varieties of
3571:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024
864:
mixed-linkage glucan : xyloglucan endotransglucosylase
323:
3426:
consume and use horsetails in a variety of ways, with the
3368:
may be used to assist in eradication efforts to bring the
878:
which, until recently, was thought to be confined to the
332:
5294:
4664:
William Thomas Parsons; Eric George Cuthbertson (2001).
4527:
Fitter, Richard; Fitter, Alastair; Farrer, Anne (1984).
1258:(Engelm.) A.A.Eat. is now treated as a separate species
3285:
and dying back in winter in most temperate species, or
4955:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
3319:, southern giant horsetail) or 8 m (26 ft) (
3325:, Mexican giant horsetail), and allegedly even more.
995:
The oldest remains of modern horsetails of the genus
632:, rough horsetail, is still boiled and then dried in
338:
329:
326:
320:
4456:"An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life"
3875:"Horsetail plant spores use 'legs' to walk and jump"
3732:
Husby, C (2013). "Biology and functional ecology of
1438:
1423:
1407:
1392:
344:
5336:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
3480:, with records dating over centuries. In 2009, the
3457:, which can cause thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency.
3289:as most tropical species and the temperate species
1199:(Milde) Hauke is now treated as a separate species
999:first appear in the Early Jurassic, represented by
408:reaching to 30 m (98 ft) tall. The genus
335:
27:
Genus of vascular plants in the family Equisetaceae
4614:"Control Horse or Mare's Tail - Equisetum Arvense"
4311:
4309:
3673:
3591:
3518:, if taken chronically. Horsetail might produce a
4616:. Controlling Horsetail with Contact Herbicides.
3484:concluded there was no evidence for the supposed
4506:"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL"
3711:(illustrated ed.). CRC Press. p. 283.
30:"Horsetail" redirects here. For other uses, see
5028:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3404:
959:(Kamchatka horsetail). These are both types of
703:(clubmosses and relatives), but rather derived
654:-speaking countries, these plants are known as
441:A superficially similar but entirely unrelated
3411:
932:, while the name of the other large subgenus,
786:The small white protuberances are accumulated
636:to be used for the final polishing process on
434:. Modern horsetails first appeared during the
3598:. Menlo Park, CA: Sunset. pp. 274, 606.
3526:, especially to children and pregnant women.
1011:from the Early-Middle Jurassic of Australia.
951:plants are sold commercially under the names
655:
8:
5196:. International Equisetological Association.
4080:Simmons, Thomas J.; Fry, Stephen C. (2017).
645:
1316:(Engelm.) A.A.Eat.; temperate North America
1121:(Milde) Hauke.; west coast of North America
586:
580:
5324:
4765:Ashkenazi, Michael; Jacob, Jeanne (2003).
3820:
3818:
120:
38:
5303:International Equisetological Association
5162:
5110:
5100:
5078:
5076:
5057:
5047:
4481:
4471:
4384:
4374:
4333:
4264:
4184:, Centre for Invasive Species Solutions.
4105:
4056:
4011:
3966:
3921:
3911:
1005:from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and
714:The leaves of horsetails are arranged in
553:Learn how and when to remove this message
5743:Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4429:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
3736:with emphasis on the giant horsetails".
3214:has nine of these species, missing only
1860:Nitta et al. 2022 and Fern Tree of life
1849:
725:
5132:
5130:
3781:International Journal of Plant Sciences
3546:
3387:are classed as "unwanted organisms" in
691:. They contain a single, non-branching
389:", the only living genus of the entire
4922:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4221:
4211:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
4554:"How large are the giant horsetails?"
4531:. London: Collins. pp. 188–191.
3624:and the Class Sphenopsida as a whole"
7:
5604:f390392f-3a75-4c35-8873-dabdb9d3e54a
5441:f7a20e6e-c144-4d9e-b307-03a1f3b5305a
3873:Gill, Victoria (11 September 2013).
3694:participating institution membership
3656:. The Talk of the Town: Field Trip.
3453:. The toxicity appears to be due to
1713:Hybrids between species in subgenus
1489:Hybrids between species in subgenus
882:. The evolutionary distance between
766:(rough horsetail) (2-1-0-1-2 is one
687:are greatly reduced and usually non-
491:adding citations to reliable sources
404:forests. Some equisetids were large
4799:. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
3951:(horsetails) and charophytic algae"
3536:List of plants poisonous to equines
3472:Extracts and other preparations of
3154:, being absent naturally only from
3025:
3001:
2951:
2944:
2885:
2861:
2854:
2830:
2806:
2706:
2682:
2658:
2608:
2601:
2551:
2544:
2520:
2508:
2470:
2463:
2453:
2331:
2324:
2265:
2241:
2234:
2210:
2186:
2078:
2071:
2047:
1997:
1990:
1940:
1933:
1921:
1883:
1876:
1866:
695:, which is the defining feature of
5656:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002112-2
5244:from the original on 27 March 2016
5085:"Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders"
4135:Pigott, Anthony (4 October 2001).
25:
5753:Callovian genus first appearances
4845:Hartford, Robin (25 March 2017).
4769:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
4748:"Equisetum (PFAF Plant Database)"
4638:Kress, Henriette (7 April 2005).
4585:"Horsetail - 'Equisetum arvense'"
4295:Gould, R. E. 1968. Morphology of
3468:Folk medicine and safety concerns
1113:– northern giant horsetail, syn.
924:. The name of the type subgenus,
4670:. CSIRO Publishing. p. 14.
4145:National Collection of Equisetum
4058:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03453.x
4013:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02435.x
3968:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03504.x
3628:Florida International University
3464:on hard plants like horsetails.
752:, terminal on an unbranched stem
467:
316:
144:
5291:at the Tree of Life Web Project
5257:Teichman, Rachel (2021-08-03).
4905:(Revised ed.). Logan, UT:
1308:– scouringrush horsetail, syn.
858:The crude cell extracts of all
723:from buds between their bases.
640:to produce a smooth finish. In
478:needs additional citations for
5183:"An Introduction to the Genus
5155:European Food Safety Authority
3850:New Flora of the British Isles
3652:Sacks, Oliver (25 July 2011).
3620:"An Introduction to the Genus
3482:European Food Safety Authority
3449:to grazing animals, including
1073:(2019) transfer this here, as
418:, for example, is abundant in
1:
5201:Weber, Reinhard (June 2005).
3422:). Indigenous nations across
5211:Equisetites aequecaliginosus
5205:Equisetites aequecaliginosus
4847:"Is Field Horsetail Edible?"
4720:"National Pest Plant Accord"
4257:10.5710/AMGH.15.09.2014.2758
644:, the corresponding name is
5758:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
5748:Callovian first appearances
5227:Muséum d'histoire naturelle
4902:Poisonous Plants and Equine
4644:Henriette's Herbal Homepage
3405:
1053:– Andean horsetail; upland
32:Horse tail (disambiguation)
18:Equisetum subg. Hippochaete
5774:
5225:(1). Geneva, Switzerland:
4667:Noxious weeds of Australia
4640:"Getting rid of horsetail"
4460:Frontiers in Plant Science
4363:American Journal of Botany
4322:American Journal of Botany
3900:Frontiers in Plant Science
3662:. No. 11 August 2011.
3569:Plants of the World Online
3393:National Pest Plant Accord
918:Plants of the World Online
707:, evolved by reduction of
29:
5221:(in German and English).
4880:. Drugs.com. 11 June 2018
4441:10.1093/botlinnean/boz002
4182:Atlas of Living Australia
3758:10.1007/s12229-012-9113-4
3707:Daniel F. Austin (2004).
3681:Oxford English Dictionary
3412:
3166:, and the islands of the
3047:
3030:
3023:
3006:
2999:
2973:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2907:
2890:
2883:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2835:
2828:
2811:
2804:
2728:
2711:
2704:
2687:
2680:
2663:
2656:
2630:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2573:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2525:
2518:
2506:
2480:
2468:
2461:
2379:
2353:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2287:
2270:
2263:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2215:
2208:
2191:
2184:
2126:
2100:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2052:
2045:
2019:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1962:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1919:
1893:
1881:
1874:
1859:
1852:
912:Currently, 18 species of
285:
278:
271:
266:
251:
244:
141:Scientific classification
139:
128:
119:
41:
5267:Invasive Species Council
5164:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1289
4473:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768
3502:, which metabolizes the
3142:Distribution and ecology
957:Equisetum camtschatcense
936:, means "horse hair" in
928:, means "horse hair" in
569:'s tail. Similarly, the
5316:Encyclopædia Britannica
5295:National Collection of
5049:10.1073/pnas.0812631106
4583:Altland, James (2003).
4552:Husby, Chad E. (2003).
3996:(horsetail) cell walls"
3913:10.3389/fpls.2015.00441
3686:Oxford University Press
3376:and in the US state of
955:(barred horsetail) and
870:species tested contain
862:species tested contain
838:. The spores have four
598:for branching species,
5319:(11th ed.). 1911.
5219:Revue de Paléobiologie
4820:Gunther, Erna (1973).
4696:Ehrh. giant horsetail"
3510:, potentially causing
3391:and are listed on the
3364:prefers an acid soil,
3307:(dwarf horsetail) and
3301:(branched horsetail),
1816:Equisetum myriochaetum
1766:Equisetum ramosissimum
1485:
1443:Equisetum similkamense
1321:Equisetum ramosissimum
1283:Equisetum myriochaetum
1219:
1215:Equisetum ramosissimum
987:
830:Horsetails are mostly
795:
753:
739:
678:
656:
646:
587:
581:
50:Early Jurassic–present
5625:Paleobiology Database
4907:Utah State University
4767:Food culture in Japan
1481:E. ramosissiumum
1462:
1374:Equisetum xylochaetum
1218:in the Czech Republic
1212:
1027:and all other living
983:(rough horsetail) in
977:
759:
745:
729:
671:
359:) is the only living
5438:Euro+Med PlantBase:
5006:(12 February 2018).
4618:allotment-garden.org
4558:The Giant Horsetails
4508:. FTOL v1.4.0 . 2023
4299:Phillips, 1829, and
3826:Collins Flower Guide
3654:"Hunting Horsetails"
3348:) can be a nuisance
3331:Equisetum fluviatile
3322:E. myriochaetum
3298:E. ramosissimum
3268:E. ramosissimum
3264:E. myriochaetum
3192:E. ramosissimum
1839:Equisetum variegatum
1831:(A.Braun) W.D.J.Koch
1793:Equisetum variegatum
1789:Equisetum laevigatum
1741:Equisetum laevigatum
1702:Equisetum fluviatile
1637:Equisetum sylvaticum
1610:Equisetum fluviatile
1591:Equisetum fluviatile
1536:Equisetum fluviatile
1513:Equisetum sylvaticum
1387:Unplaced to subgenus
1353:Equisetum variegatum
1340:Equisetum scirpoides
1269:Equisetum laevigatum
1174:Equisetum sylvaticum
1139:Equisetum fluviatile
991:Evolutionary history
985:Parc floral de Paris
872:mixed-linkage glucan
760:Microscopic view of
594:Other names include
576:is derived from the
487:improve this article
445:genus, mare's tail (
129:Vegetative stems of
5040:2009PNAS..10611194W
5034:(27): 11194–11199,
4986:Plant Med Phytother
4984:and its extracts".
4752:Plants For A Future
4694:Equisetum telmateia
4376:10.3732/ajb.1000211
4098:10.1042/BCJ20160935
4086:Biochemical Journal
3750:2013BotRv..79..147H
3709:Florida Ethnobotany
3684:(Online ed.).
3594:Western Garden Book
3512:thiamine deficiency
3295:(rough horsetail),
3272:E. xylochaetum
1812:Equisetum giganteum
1706:Equisetum telmateia
1660:Equisetum telmateia
1565:Equisetum telmateia
1517:Equisetum telmateia
1397:Equisetum dimorphum
1300:Equisetum praealtum
1233:Equisetum giganteum
1193:Equisetum telmateia
1185:Equisetum telmateia
1069:, but Christenhusz
1045:Equisetum bogotense
1024:Equisetum bogotense
1002:Equisetum dimorphum
953:Equisetum japonicum
732:B = branch in whorl
379:rather than seeds.
132:Equisetum telmateia
5004:University of Bonn
4427:, Equisetaceae)".
4297:Equisetum laterale
4151:on 21 October 2012
3310:E. variegatum
3304:E. scirpoides
3252:E. variegatum
3248:E. sylvaticum
3244:E. scirpoides
3228:E. laevigatum
3224:E. fluviatile
3216:E. scirpoides
3208:E. variegatum
3200:E. sylvaticum
3196:E. scirpoides
3176:E. fluviatile
1683:Equisetum palustre
1633:Equisetum pratense
1614:Equisetum pratense
1561:Equisetum palustre
1540:Equisetum palustre
1486:
1450:, British Columbia
1428:Equisetum thermale
1412:Equisetum laterale
1277:Equisetum kansanum
1260:Equisetum prealtum
1220:
1161:Equisetum pratense
1150:Equisetum palustre
1126:Equisetum diffusum
1063:E. rinihuense
1018:Equisetum thermale
1008:Equisetum laterale
988:
796:
754:
740:
679:
422:deposits from the
375:that reproduce by
5715:
5714:
5612:Open Tree of Life
5330:Taxon identifiers
5310:"Horsetail"
5140:Equisetum arvense
5102:10.3390/nu9010070
4982:Equisetum arvense
4677:978-0-643-06514-7
4335:10.1002/ajb2.1125
4045:The Plant Journal
4039:Equisetum arvense
3955:The Plant Journal
3859:978-1-5272-2630-2
3828:. Harper Collins
3692:(Subscription or
3356:designed to kill
3334:, is an emergent
3316:E. giganteum
3260:E. giganteum
3256:E. bogotense
3236:E. praealtum
3204:E. telmateia
3139:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3062:
3061:
2988:
2987:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2645:
2644:
2588:
2587:
2495:
2494:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2368:
2367:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2115:
2114:
2034:
2033:
1977:
1976:
1908:
1907:
1835:Equisetum hyemale
1762:Equisetum hyemale
1737:Equisetum hyemale
1679:Equisetum arvense
1656:Equisetum arvense
1587:Equisetum arvense
1252:Equisetum hyemale
1244:Equisetum hyemale
1201:Equisetum braunii
1105:Equisetum braunii
1092:Equisetum arvense
1075:E. bogotense
980:Equisetum hyemale
763:Equisetum hyemale
749:Equisetum braunii
677:(field horsetail)
674:Equisetum arvense
650:('tin-herb'). In
629:Equisetum hyemale
563:
562:
555:
537:
307:
306:
301:
293:
254:Equisetum arvense
240:
16:(Redirected from
5765:
5738:Medicinal plants
5708:
5707:
5695:
5694:
5682:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5659:
5658:
5646:
5645:
5633:
5632:
5620:
5619:
5607:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5584:
5583:
5581:NHMSYS0000458465
5571:
5570:
5558:
5557:
5545:
5544:
5532:
5531:
5522:
5521:
5509:
5508:
5496:
5495:
5483:
5482:
5470:
5469:
5457:
5456:
5444:
5443:
5434:
5433:
5421:
5420:
5408:
5407:
5395:
5394:
5382:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5325:
5320:
5312:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5243:
5216:
5197:
5191:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5104:
5080:
5071:
5070:
5061:
5051:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4924:
4911:
4910:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4874:
4855:
4854:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4798:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4591:. Archived from
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4564:on 11 April 2004
4560:. Archived from
4549:
4543:
4542:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4475:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4388:
4378:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4328:(8): 1286–1303.
4313:
4304:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4268:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4194:. Archived from
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4147:. Archived from
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4109:
4092:(7): 1055–1070.
4077:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4015:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3915:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3842:
3836:
3834:9-78-000718389-0
3822:
3813:
3812:
3787:(S6): S81–S103.
3776:
3770:
3769:
3738:Botanical Review
3729:
3723:
3722:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3630:. Archived from
3616:
3610:
3609:
3597:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3558:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3279:perennial plants
3240:E. pratense
3232:E. palustre
3188:E. pratense
3184:E. palustre
3026:
3002:
2952:
2945:
2886:
2862:
2855:
2831:
2807:
2707:
2683:
2659:
2609:
2602:
2552:
2545:
2521:
2509:
2471:
2464:
2454:
2332:
2325:
2266:
2242:
2235:
2211:
2187:
2079:
2072:
2048:
1998:
1991:
1941:
1934:
1922:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1850:
1832:
1809:
1786:
1759:
1734:
1699:
1676:
1653:
1630:
1607:
1584:
1558:
1533:
1510:
1440:
1425:
1409:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1347:
1328:
1307:
1294:
1274:
1264:
1249:
1238:
1205:
1190:
1179:
1168:
1155:
1144:
1133:
1112:
1099:
1052:
916:are accepted by
824:E. palustre
807:are borne under
779:
778:
774:
730:Vegetative stem:
659:
649:
590:
584:
558:
551:
547:
544:
538:
536:
495:
471:
463:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
299:
291:
236:
149:
148:
124:
114:
51:
47:Temporal range:
39:
21:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5703:
5698:
5690:
5685:
5677:
5675:
5667:
5662:
5654:
5649:
5641:
5636:
5628:
5623:
5615:
5610:
5602:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5579:
5574:
5566:
5561:
5553:
5548:
5540:
5535:
5527:
5525:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5499:
5491:
5486:
5478:
5473:
5465:
5460:
5452:
5447:
5439:
5437:
5429:
5424:
5416:
5411:
5403:
5398:
5390:
5385:
5377:
5375:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5332:
5307:
5283:
5271:
5269:
5256:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5214:
5200:
5189:
5180:
5177:
5175:Further reading
5172:
5136:
5135:
5128:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4914:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4858:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4832:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4796:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4730:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4704:
4702:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4598:
4596:
4589:oregonstate.edu
4582:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4422:
4421:
4410:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4294:
4290:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4220:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4120:
4118:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4000:New Phytologist
3989:
3988:
3984:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3823:
3816:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3637:
3635:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3560:
3559:
3548:
3544:
3532:
3520:diuretic effect
3514:and associated
3496:E. arvense
3490:E. arvense
3478:herbal remedies
3476:have served as
3474:E. arvense
3470:
3409:
3401:
3362:E. arvense
3345:E. arvense
3292:E. hyemale
3220:E. arvense
3180:E. hyemale
3172:E. arvense
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3010:E. myriochaetum
2989:
2977:E. × schaffneri
2932:
2923:
2911:E. × trachyodon
2870:E. ramosissimum
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2646:
2589:
2496:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2369:
2357:E. myriochaetum
2312:
2303:
2250:E. ramosissimum
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2116:
2035:
1978:
1909:
1848:
1830:
1807:
1780:
1755:
1730:
1718:
1697:
1674:
1651:
1628:
1605:
1579:
1554:
1531:
1506:
1494:
1475:E. hyemale
1457:
1418:Middle Jurassic
1389:
1377:
1356:
1343:
1324:
1303:
1286:
1272:
1262:
1247:
1236:
1228:
1203:
1188:
1177:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1129:
1108:
1095:
1087:
1048:
1040:
993:
969:E. hyemale
961:E. hyemale
910:
905:
856:
818:E. arvense
809:sporangiophores
801:
785:
776:
772:
771:
737:
735:
733:
731:
666:
660:('horsetail').
657:cola de caballo
571:scientific name
559:
548:
542:
539:
496:
494:
484:
472:
461:
443:flowering plant
373:vascular plants
319:
315:
262:
257:
235:
143:
115:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
49:
48:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5771:
5769:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5696:
5692:wfo-4000013663
5683:
5673:
5660:
5647:
5634:
5621:
5608:
5598:
5585:
5572:
5559:
5546:
5533:
5523:
5510:
5497:
5484:
5471:
5458:
5445:
5435:
5422:
5409:
5396:
5383:
5373:
5358:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5321:
5305:
5300:
5292:
5282:
5281:External links
5279:
5278:
5277:
5254:
5198:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5157:: 1289. 2009.
5126:
5072:
5017:
4995:
4972:
4961:(903): 375–8.
4941:
4912:
4891:
4856:
4837:
4830:
4812:
4806:978-0773543805
4805:
4782:
4775:
4757:
4739:
4711:
4683:
4676:
4656:
4630:
4605:
4575:
4544:
4537:
4519:
4497:
4446:
4435:(4): 311–352.
4408:
4369:(4): 680–697.
4349:
4305:
4288:
4251:(1): 135–152.
4231:
4222:|website=
4190:
4162:
4127:
4072:
4027:
3982:
3961:(2): 240–252.
3937:
3886:
3865:
3858:
3837:
3814:
3793:10.1086/314221
3771:
3744:(2): 147–177.
3724:
3717:
3699:
3665:
3659:The New Yorker
3644:
3611:
3604:
3582:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3528:
3486:health effects
3469:
3466:
3400:
3397:
3254:). Only five (
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
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3096:
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3092:
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3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3034:E. × ferrissii
3029:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2972:
2969:
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2882:
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2878:
2875:
2874:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
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2781:
2777:
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2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
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2740:
2737:
2736:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2617:E. × fontqueri
2612:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2555:
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2541:
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2501:
2498:
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2462:
2460:
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2428:
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2406:
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2400:
2397:
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2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2352:
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2328:
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2321:
2318:
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2314:
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2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
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2282:
2279:
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2269:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
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2082:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1915:
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1911:
1910:
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1905:
1902:
1901:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1862:
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1847:
1844:
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1819:
1796:
1769:
1744:
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1711:
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1709:
1686:
1663:
1640:
1617:
1594:
1568:
1543:
1520:
1493:
1487:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1436:
1421:
1405:
1402:Early Jurassic
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1370:
1349:
1336:
1332:E. debile
1317:
1296:
1279:
1265:
1240:
1227:
1221:
1207:
1206:
1181:
1170:
1157:
1146:
1135:
1122:
1101:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1039:
1033:
992:
989:
909:
906:
904:
901:
876:polysaccharide
855:
852:
800:
797:
693:vascular trace
689:photosynthetic
665:
662:
561:
560:
475:
473:
466:
460:
457:
414:of the family
305:
304:
303:
302:
294:
283:
282:
276:
275:
269:
268:
264:
263:
258:
249:
248:
242:
241:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
191:Polypodiopsida
188:
184:
183:
181:Polypodiophyta
178:
174:
173:
168:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5770:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5706:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5674:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
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5560:
5556:
5551:
5547:
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5534:
5530:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5463:
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5450:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5369:
5363:
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5354:
5348:
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5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5255:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5186:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5021:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4942:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4895:
4892:
4879:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4852:
4848:
4841:
4838:
4833:
4831:9780295952581
4827:
4823:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4795:
4794:
4786:
4783:
4778:
4776:0-313-32438-7
4772:
4768:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4728:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4687:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4660:
4657:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4631:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4595:on 2018-11-14
4594:
4590:
4586:
4579:
4576:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4538:0-00-219136-9
4534:
4530:
4523:
4520:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4215:
4201:on 2021-08-26
4197:
4193:
4191:1-920932-24-0
4187:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4173:Horsetails -
4166:
4163:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4131:
4128:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4051:(3): 510–21.
4050:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4006:(1): 104–15.
4005:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3718:9780203491881
3714:
3710:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3634:on 2009-07-14
3633:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3583:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3430:calling them
3429:
3425:
3421:
3407:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3328:One species,
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3212:Great Britain
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:Pacific Ocean
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3130:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3051:E. laevigatum
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2839:E. variegatum
2833:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:E. scirpoides
2809:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:E. fluviatile
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:E. × litorale
2685:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:E. sylvaticum
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:E. laevigatum
2334:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:E. variegatum
2213:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:E. scirpoides
2189:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:E. fluviatile
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:E. sylvaticum
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1853:Christenhusz
1851:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1455:Named hybrids
1454:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1433:Late Jurassic
1430:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:South America
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:
998:
990:
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
907:
902:
900:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
853:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
810:
806:
798:
793:
789:
783:
769:
765:
764:
758:
751:
750:
746:Strobilus of
744:
734:I = internode
728:
724:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
676:
675:
670:
663:
661:
658:
653:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:scouring-rush
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
591:('bristle').
589:
583:
579:
575:
572:
568:
557:
554:
546:
535:
532:
528:
525:
521:
518:
514:
511:
507:
504: –
503:
499:
498:Find sources:
492:
488:
482:
481:
476:This section
474:
470:
465:
464:
458:
456:
454:
450:
449:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Carboniferous
421:
417:
413:
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
388:
387:living fossil
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
313:
312:
298:
295:
290:
287:
286:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
265:
261:
256:
255:
250:
247:
243:
239:
234:
233:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:Tracheophytes
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
133:
127:
123:
118:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5337:
5314:
5296:
5287:
5270:. Retrieved
5262:
5246:. Retrieved
5222:
5218:
5210:
5204:
5193:
5184:
5150:
5147:EFSA Journal
5146:
5139:
5092:
5088:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5012:ScienceDaily
5011:
4998:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4932:. Retrieved
4909:. p. 6.
4901:
4894:
4882:. Retrieved
4850:
4840:
4821:
4815:
4792:
4785:
4766:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4731:. Retrieved
4727:rnzih.org.nz
4726:
4714:
4703:. Retrieved
4693:
4686:
4666:
4659:
4647:. Retrieved
4643:
4633:
4622:. Retrieved
4617:
4608:
4597:. Retrieved
4593:the original
4588:
4578:
4566:. Retrieved
4562:the original
4557:
4547:
4528:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4500:
4463:
4459:
4449:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4366:
4362:
4352:
4325:
4321:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4203:. Retrieved
4196:the original
4176:
4172:
4165:
4153:. Retrieved
4149:the original
4144:
4138:
4137:"Summary of
4130:
4119:. Retrieved
4089:
4085:
4075:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4030:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3940:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3878:
3868:
3849:
3846:Stace, C. A.
3840:
3825:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3708:
3702:
3679:
3668:
3657:
3647:
3636:. Retrieved
3632:the original
3621:
3614:
3593:
3585:
3575:15 September
3573:. Retrieved
3568:
3563:
3516:liver damage
3495:
3494:
3489:
3473:
3471:
3460:
3459:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3402:
3384:
3382:
3361:
3343:
3329:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3152:cosmopolitan
3147:
3145:
3049:
3048:
3032:
3031:
3008:
3007:
2975:
2974:
2960:E. giganteum
2958:
2957:
2909:
2908:
2892:
2891:
2868:
2867:
2837:
2836:
2813:
2812:
2799:
2730:
2729:
2713:
2712:
2689:
2688:
2665:
2664:
2634:E. telmateia
2632:
2631:
2615:
2614:
2575:
2574:
2558:
2557:
2527:
2526:
2513:
2484:E. bogotense
2482:
2481:
2476:Paramochaete
2475:
2457:
2383:E. giganteum
2382:
2380:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2337:
2291:E. praealtum
2290:
2288:
2273:
2271:
2249:
2247:
2218:
2216:
2194:
2192:
2179:
2129:
2127:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2084:
2055:
2053:
2022:
2020:
2006:E. telmateia
2005:
2003:
1965:
1963:
1948:
1946:
1926:
1897:E. bogotense
1896:
1894:
1889:Paramochaete
1888:
1870:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1441:
1431:– Middle to
1426:
1410:
1395:
1372:
1351:
1338:
1330:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1298:
1281:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1231:
1224:
1213:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1172:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1124:
1118:
1115:E. telmateia
1114:
1103:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1043:
1037:Paramochaete
1036:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1006:
1000:
996:
994:
978:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
946:
933:
925:
913:
911:
891:
887:
883:
867:
859:
857:
829:
822:
816:
802:
761:
747:
713:
681:
680:
672:
627:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
593:
585:('horse') +
573:
564:
549:
540:
530:
523:
516:
509:
497:
485:Please help
480:verification
477:
452:
446:
440:
416:Calamitaceae
409:
382:
381:
365:Equisetaceae
356:
310:
309:
308:
296:
289:Allostelites
288:
272:
252:
246:Type species
231:
230:
221:Equisetaceae
164:
130:
42:
36:
5733:Fern genera
5514:iNaturalist
5362:Wikispecies
5229:: 331–364.
4934:14 November
4928:"Horsetail"
4878:"Horsetail"
4568:20 November
4386:11336/95234
4266:11336/66623
4245:Ameghiniana
4041:cell walls"
3675:"Equisetum"
3436:Lushootseed
3399:Consumption
3389:New Zealand
3358:seed plants
3164:New Zealand
2800:Hippochaete
2560:E. palustre
2529:E. pratense
2180:Hippochaete
2087:E. diffusum
1966:E. pratense
1949:E. palustre
1715:Hippochaete
1435:, Argentina
1420:, Australia
1404:, Argentina
1329:(including
1225:Hippochaete
1061:; includes
1015:remains of
934:Hippochaete
848:gametophyte
832:homosporous
718:fused into
705:adaptations
697:microphylls
664:Description
608:snake grass
604:puzzlegrass
543:August 2018
502:"Equisetum"
428:John Napier
398:understorey
394:Equisetidae
297:Hippochaete
211:Equisetales
201:Equisetidae
5722:Categories
5272:2021-08-06
5265:Sea to Sky
5143:1924/2006"
4733:2019-07-17
4705:2010-05-18
4624:2019-07-17
4599:2019-07-17
4466:: 909768.
4301:E. bryanii
4205:2021-08-26
4121:2019-07-17
3696:required.)
3638:2009-07-22
3605:0376038500
3542:References
3500:thiaminase
3455:thiaminase
3432:sx̱ém'x̱em
3354:herbicides
3283:herbaceous
3156:Antarctica
3146:The genus
2894:E. hyemale
2715:E. × dycei
2667:E. arvense
2274:E. hyemale
2130:E. arvense
2023:E. braunii
1827:trachyodon
1804:schaffneri
1785:) Schaffn.
1671:rothmaleri
1602:mchaffieae
1580:Kühlew ex
1551:font-queri
1310:E. hyemale
1059:Costa Rica
1013:Silicified
854:Cell walls
782:graduation
768:millimetre
736:L = leaves
709:megaphylls
701:lycophytes
513:newspapers
432:logarithms
430:to invent
197:Subclass:
177:Division:
5728:Equisetum
5467:Equisetum
5368:Equisetum
5338:Equisetum
5297:Equisetum
5288:Equisetum
5248:26 August
5235:1661-5468
5194:IEA Paper
5185:Equisetum
5095:(1): 70.
5089:Nutrients
4951:Equisetum
4884:19 August
4425:Equisetum
4395:1537-2197
4275:0002-7014
4224:ignored (
4214:cite book
4175:Equisetum
4141:Taxonomy"
4139:Equisetum
3994:Equisetum
3949:Equisetum
3734:Equisetum
3622:Equisetum
3564:Equisetum
3504:B vitamin
3498:contains
3461:Equisetum
3447:poisonous
3385:Equisetum
3374:Australia
3287:evergreen
3277:They are
3160:Australia
3148:Equisetum
2514:Equisetum
2458:Equisetum
1927:Equisetum
1871:Equisetum
1846:Phylogeny
1823:Equisetum
1800:Equisetum
1783:A.A.Eaton
1773:Equisetum
1748:Equisetum
1727:ferrissii
1723:Equisetum
1694:willmotii
1690:Equisetum
1667:Equisetum
1648:robertsii
1644:Equisetum
1625:mildeanum
1621:Equisetum
1598:Equisetum
1572:Equisetum
1547:Equisetum
1524:Equisetum
1499:Equisetum
1491:Equisetum
1465:Equisetum
1416:Early to
1358:Schleich.
1223:Subgenus
1084:Equisetum
1082:Subgenus
1067:Equisetum
1035:Subgenus
1029:Equisetum
997:Equisetum
949:Equisetum
926:Equisetum
922:subgenera
914:Equisetum
892:Equisetum
888:Equisetum
884:Equisetum
874:(MLG), a
868:Equisetum
860:Equisetum
844:sporangia
836:prothalli
788:silicates
682:Equisetum
647:Zinnkraut
638:woodcraft
620:silicates
600:marestail
574:Equisetum
459:Etymology
453:Equisetum
411:Calamites
402:Paleozoic
383:Equisetum
357:horsetail
311:Equisetum
273:See text
232:Equisetum
154:Kingdom:
43:Equisetum
5676:VASCAN:
5669:40004480
5664:Tropicos
5542:329490-2
5347:Wikidata
5263:SSISC –
5239:Archived
5121:28275210
5068:19564603
4992:: 190–7.
4967:14927511
4851:Eatweeds
4492:36092417
4403:21613167
4344:30025163
4116:28108640
4067:18284587
4022:18393951
3977:18397375
3932:26136760
3880:BBC News
3848:(2019).
3801:10572024
3766:15414705
3530:See also
3508:thiamine
3434:and the
3428:Squamish
3424:Cascadia
3406:tsukushi
3383:All the
3340:rhizomes
1777:nelsonii
1698:C.N.Page
1675:C.N.Page
1606:C.N.Page
1576:litorale
1532:C.N.Page
1508:C.N.Page
1503:bowmanii
1448:Ypresian
1288:Schltdl.
903:Taxonomy
813:strobili
738:N = node
448:Hippuris
438:period.
436:Jurassic
400:of late
391:subclass
280:Synonyms
267:Species
217:Family:
5555:1041863
5493:2687913
5112:5295114
5059:2708679
5036:Bibcode
4512:8 March
4483:9449725
4283:6134534
4177:species
4155:17 June
4107:5341106
3923:4469821
3906:: 441.
3809:4658142
3746:Bibcode
3370:soil pH
3336:aquatic
1312:subsp.
1273:A.Braun
1254:subsp.
1197:braunii
1195:subsp.
1119:braunii
1117:subsp.
965:hyemale
942:Hybrids
908:Species
840:elaters
775:⁄
652:Spanish
596:candock
527:scholar
227:Genus:
207:Order:
187:Class:
158:Plantae
5705:425739
5638:PLANTS
5617:719034
5601:NZOR:
5480:111897
5454:111897
5392:120308
5379:190561
5376:APDB:
5353:Q28114
5233:
5153:(10).
5119:
5109:
5066:
5056:
4965:
4828:
4803:
4773:
4729:. 2001
4674:
4649:19 May
4620:. 2016
4535:
4490:
4480:
4401:
4393:
4342:
4281:
4273:
4188:
4114:
4104:
4065:
4020:
3975:
3930:
3920:
3856:
3832:
3807:
3799:
3764:
3715:
3602:
3451:horses
3440:gʷəɫik
3438:using
3378:Oregon
3270:, and
3250:, and
3206:, and
1855:et al.
1757:Newman
1752:moorei
1629:Rothm.
1556:Rothm.
1469:moorei
1364:&
1345:Michx.
1314:affine
1290:&
1256:affine
1071:et al.
1057:up to
880:Poales
805:spores
799:Spores
716:whorls
685:leaves
642:German
606:, and
529:
522:
515:
508:
500:
385:is a "
377:spores
369:family
292:Börner
5700:WoRMS
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