130:
117:
276:
varied considerably in body size. The feet are monodactyl, the head is large and elongated and has an undulated top profile in side-view, the nasal notch is deeply incised. The braincase is flexed downward and is relatively small. The teeth have a v-shaped linguaflexid separating the
414:"An updated review on Equus stenonis (Mammalia, Perissodactyla): New implications for the European early Pleistocene Equus taxonomy and paleoecology, and remarks on the Old World Equus evolution"
304:, spanning part of the Early Pleistocene, the oldest remains dating to approximately 2.5 million years ago, while the youngest dates are uncertain, ranging from 1.8-.1.3 million years ago.
312:
The species was first named in 1867, with the type specimen being IGF 560, a skull with a now lost (but preserved as a cast) associated mandible collected from
1337:
285:
bones of the foot are proportionally elongate and robust, with the central digit having a massive morphology, with a large v-shaped muscle scar.
1393:
1378:
478:
Barrón-Ortiz, Christina I.; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Jass, Christopher N.; Bravo-Cuevas, Víctor M.; Machado, Helena; Mothé, Dimila (2019-09-12).
1383:
462:
453:
Bernor, R.L.; Armour-Chelu, M.J.; Gilbert, H.; Kaiser, T.M.; Schulz, E. (2010). "Equidae". In
Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J. (eds.).
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927:
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1193:
1350:
297:
225:
1081:
1049:
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798:
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1185:
1153:
1073:
1065:
425:
1089:
1129:
918:
883:
847:
522:
281:
and metastylid, similar to other "stenonines". The limb bones are relatively large and robust. The
953:
941:
1219:
1177:
1169:
1145:
1057:
638:
412:
Cirilli, Omar; Saarinen, Juha; Pandolfi, Luca; Rook, Lorenzo; Bernor, Raymond L. (October 2021).
124:
1355:
874:
296:
is known from remains found across Europe, from the
Iberian Peninsula to Greece, as well as the
382:
based on the results of their cladistic analysis regarding the interrelationships of the genus
1259:
685:
458:
301:
261:
30:
1235:
892:
856:
666:
568:
491:
433:
116:
1161:
1113:
1097:
657:
648:
610:
582:
429:
1208:
1137:
1105:
1030:
906:
865:
740:
722:
675:
601:
515:
181:
1372:
1015:
982:
731:
713:
539:
336:
which likely represent different ecomorphotypes adapted to varying local conditions.
201:
67:
438:
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1227:
1121:
1023:
825:
1328:
42:
1283:
767:
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87:
52:
507:
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479:
278:
141:
92:
36:
1322:
161:
82:
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62:
57:
47:
1342:
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257:
191:
97:
72:
838:
816:
789:
624:
591:
559:
368:
171:
151:
1299:
977:
779:
758:
699:
987:
1303:
511:
480:"What Is Equus? Reconciling Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Analyses"
457:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 685–721.
316:
in Italy. Several subspecies have been named, including
386:
though this was subsequently rejected by other authors.
1312:
1001:
970:
940:
905:
824:
815:
766:
757:
698:
623:
567:
558:
260:of equine that lived in Western Eurasia during the
374:Barron-Ortiz et al. (2019) resurrect the genus
523:
367:have been proposed to be closely related to
8:
1300:
821:
763:
564:
530:
516:
508:
115:
20:
495:
437:
395:
7:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
484:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
14:
128:
439:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107155
1:
1394:Fossil taxa described in 1867
1379:Prehistoric mammals of Europe
1384:Prehistoric mammals of Asia
928:Hartmann's mountain zebra (
613:Equus africanus somaliensis
550:Extinct species are marked
1410:
1289:Domestication of the horse
688:Equus hemionus hydruntinus
604:Equus africanus atlanticus
455:Cenozoic Mammals of Africa
418:Quaternary Science Reviews
1269:
625:Onager / Asiatic wild ass
585:Equus africanus africanus
548:
231:
224:
125:Scientific classification
123:
114:
23:
16:Extinct species of mammal
850:Equus quagga burchellii
801:Equus ferus przewalskii
651:Equus hemionus hemippus
641:Equus hemionus hemionus
497:10.3389/fevo.2019.00343
347:are closely related to
1279:Evolution of the horse
930:Equus zebra hartmannae
886:Equus quagga crawshayi
700:Kiang/Tibetan wild ass
594:Equus africanus asinus
330:E. stenonis olivolanus
326:E. stenonis pueblensis
314:Terranuova Bracciolini
1351:Paleobiology Database
919:Cape mountain zebra (
877:Equus quagga chapmani
868:Equus quagga borensis
734:Equus kiang holdereri
678:Equus hemionus onager
538:Species of the genus
334:E. stenonis stenonis,
895:Equus quagga selousi
799:Przewalski's horse (
782:Equus ferus caballus
743:Equus kiang polyodon
669:Equus hemionus kulan
639:Mongolian wild ass (
345:E. oldowayensis
339:The African species
1194:Equus parastylidens
859:Equus quagga boehmi
841:Equus quagga quagga
686:European wild ass (
660:Equus hemionus khur
430:2021QSRv..26907155C
341:Equus koobiforensis
1220:Equus semiplicatus
1211:Equus simplicidens
1178:Equus occidentalis
1170:Equus niobrarensis
1146:Equus mauritanicus
1058:Equus conversidens
1031:Giant Cape zebra (
884:Crawshay's zebra (
848:Burchell's zebra (
667:Turkmenian kulan (
318:E. stenonis vireti
1366:
1365:
1306:Taxon identifiers
1297:
1296:
1260:Equus yunnanensis
1082:Equus dalianensis
1050:Equus complicatus
1042:Equus cedralensis
966:
965:
921:Equus zebra zebra
875:Chapman's zebra (
811:
810:
792:Equus ferus ferus
753:
752:
716:Equus kiang kiang
658:Indian wild ass (
649:Syrian wild ass (
611:Somali wild ass (
583:Nubian wild ass (
322:E. stenonis guthi
262:Early Pleistocene
249:
248:
31:Early Pleistocene
1401:
1359:
1358:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1301:
1236:Equus sivalensis
1209:Hagerman horse (
1202:Equus pectinatus
907:Mountain zebra (
866:Maneless zebra (
822:
764:
741:Southern kiang (
723:Northern kiang (
676:Persian onager (
602:Atlas wild ass (
569:African wild ass
565:
532:
525:
518:
509:
502:
501:
499:
475:
469:
468:
450:
444:
443:
441:
409:
349:E. stenonis
240:
236:
217:E. stenonis
133:
132:
119:
109:
39:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1308:
1298:
1293:
1265:
1252:Equus uralensis
1186:Equus pacificus
1162:Equus namadicus
1154:Equus mexicanus
1114:Equus giganteus
1098:Equus fraternus
1074:Equus cumminsii
1066:Equus crinidens
1003:
997:
962:
954:Grévy's zebra (
942:Grévy's zebra (
936:
901:
893:Selous' zebra (
857:Grant's zebra (
807:
749:
732:Eastern kiang (
725:Equus kiang chu
714:Western kiang (
701:
694:
626:
619:
573:Equus africanus
570:
554:
544:
536:
506:
505:
477:
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472:
465:
452:
451:
447:
411:
410:
397:
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310:
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245:
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127:
110:
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107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
34:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1407:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1334:
1318:
1316:
1314:Equus stenonis
1310:
1309:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1244:Equus stenonis
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1138:Equus lenensis
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1106:Equus gallicus
1101:
1093:
1090:Equus excelsus
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1033:Equus capensis
1027:
1019:
1010:
1008:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
972:
968:
967:
964:
963:
961:
960:
950:
948:
938:
937:
935:
934:
925:
915:
913:
903:
902:
900:
899:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
834:
832:
826:Plains zebra (
819:
813:
812:
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805:
796:
786:
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755:
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710:
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682:
673:
664:
655:
645:
635:
633:
629:Equus hemionus
621:
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579:
577:
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556:
555:
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527:
520:
512:
504:
503:
470:
463:
445:
394:
393:
391:
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380:Equus stenonis
309:
306:
294:Equus stenonis
290:
287:
274:Equus stenonis
269:
266:
256:is an extinct
253:Equus stenonis
247:
246:
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238:Equus stenonis
229:
228:
222:
221:
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182:Perissodactyla
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121:
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101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
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66:
61:
56:
51:
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41:
40:
28:
25:Equus stenonis
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1406:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Equus (genus)
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
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1245:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
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1229:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
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1187:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1130:Equus latipes
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1100:
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1094:
1092:
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1084:
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1078:
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1067:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1016:Equus alaskae
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1000:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
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973:
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951:
949:
947:
945:
939:
933:
931:
926:
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922:
917:
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914:
912:
910:
904:
898:
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891:
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882:
880:
878:
873:
871:
869:
864:
862:
860:
855:
853:
851:
846:
844:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
829:
823:
820:
818:
814:
804:
802:
797:
795:
793:
787:
785:
783:
778:
777:
775:
773:
771:
765:
762:
760:
756:
746:
744:
739:
737:
735:
730:
728:
726:
721:
719:
717:
712:
711:
709:
707:
705:
697:
691:
689:
683:
681:
679:
674:
672:
670:
665:
663:
661:
656:
654:
652:
646:
644:
642:
637:
636:
634:
632:
630:
622:
616:
614:
609:
607:
605:
599:
597:
595:
590:
588:
586:
581:
580:
578:
576:
574:
566:
563:
561:
557:
553:
547:
543:
542:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
513:
510:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
474:
471:
466:
464:9780520257214
460:
456:
449:
446:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
396:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:koobiforensis
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
288:
286:
284:
280:
275:
272:Specimens of
267:
265:
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259:
255:
254:
241:
239:
230:
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226:Binomial name
223:
219:
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118:
113:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
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69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:2.5–1.6
32:
26:
22:
19:
1313:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1233:
1228:Equus scotti
1225:
1217:
1210:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1122:Equus lambei
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1024:Equus andium
1021:
1013:
1004:
955:
943:
929:
920:
908:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
828:Equus quagga
827:
800:
791:
781:
769:
768:Wild horse (
742:
733:
724:
715:
703:
687:
677:
668:
659:
650:
640:
628:
612:
603:
593:
584:
572:
551:
540:
487:
483:
473:
454:
448:
421:
417:
383:
379:
375:
373:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
311:
298:Dmanisi site
293:
292:
289:Distribution
273:
271:
252:
251:
250:
244:Cocchi, 1867
237:
232:
216:
215:
202:
24:
18:
1002:Prehistoric
956:Equus grevy
944:Equus grevy
909:Equus zebra
770:Equus ferus
704:Equus kiang
268:Description
1373:Categories
1284:Wild horse
424:: 107155.
390:References
376:Allohippus
283:metapodial
1329:Q15411518
279:metaconid
210:Species:
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
1323:Wikidata
839:Quagga (
790:Tarpan (
592:Donkey (
365:stenonis
308:Taxonomy
188:Family:
172:Mammalia
162:Chordata
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
1343:9255310
1274:Equidae
1007:species
993:Zebroid
971:Hybrids
780:Horse (
426:Bibcode
302:Georgia
264:epoch.
258:species
235:†
214:†
198:Genus:
192:Equidae
178:Order:
168:Class:
104:↓
1356:364378
817:Zebras
759:Horses
461:
384:Equus,
369:zebras
1005:Equus
983:Kunga
978:Hinny
560:Asses
541:Equus
203:Equus
1338:GBIF
988:Mule
459:ISBN
378:for
359:and
343:and
332:and
43:PreꞒ
492:doi
434:doi
422:269
300:in
1375::
1353::
1340::
1325::
490:.
486:.
482:.
432:.
420:.
416:.
398:^
371:.
363:.
355:.
351:.
328:,
324:,
320:,
93:Pg
37:Ma
1258:†
1250:†
1241:†
1234:†
1226:†
1218:†
1213:)
1207:†
1200:†
1192:†
1184:†
1176:†
1168:†
1160:†
1152:†
1144:†
1136:†
1128:†
1120:†
1112:†
1104:†
1096:†
1088:†
1080:†
1072:†
1064:†
1056:†
1048:†
1040:†
1035:)
1029:†
1022:†
1014:†
958:)
946:)
932:)
923:)
911:)
897:)
888:)
879:)
870:)
861:)
852:)
843:)
837:†
830:)
803:)
794:)
788:†
784:)
772:)
745:)
736:)
727:)
718:)
706:)
702:(
690:)
684:†
680:)
671:)
662:)
653:)
647:†
643:)
631:)
627:(
615:)
606:)
600:†
596:)
587:)
575:)
571:(
552:†
531:e
524:t
517:v
500:.
494::
488:7
467:.
442:.
436::
428::
361:E
353:E
98:N
88:K
83:J
78:T
73:P
68:C
63:D
58:S
53:O
48:Ꞓ
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