424:. "Then Eric the Saint asked the people of Finland to accept Christianity and make peace with him. But when they refused to accept it, he fought against them and conquered them by the sword, avenging the blood of the Christian men which they had spilled often and for a long time. And when he had scored such an honourable victory he prayed to God, falling on his knees with tears in his eyes. Then one of his good men asked why he cried, since he should rejoice over the honourable victory which he had won over the enemies of Jesus Christ and the holy faith. He then replied: I am happy and praise God since he gave us victory. But I greatly regret that so many souls were lost today, who could have gained eternal life if they had accepted Christianity." Eric persuaded an English
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himself to wear a shirt of horsehair, which he used when he was mortifying the flesh ... How he dealt with his secret enemy which is in the sexual parts, that is seen from the circumstance, that when he observed celibacy at fasting or religious celebrations, he often took a secret bath in a cold tub of water - even in wintertime - thus expelling non-permissible body heat with the cold." While much of this may reasonably be regarded as hagiographical stereotypes, the scientific investigation of his remains shows that he consumed much freshwater fish, indicating observance of fasts.
708:
of his demise, and that they would soon publish a detailed account. Twenty-three of the twenty-four bones in the reliquary came from the same 35 to 40-year-old male (the other bone, a shinbone, is from a male from the same time period). The dead person was a strongly built man of about 171 centimeters, adequately fed and well-trained. Not only did the bones display healed wounds consistent with the
Finnish crusade and a lifetime of battles, the decapitated body contained multiple stab wounds in the back from around the time of death. Further injuries to the
763:'Trinity church' at Mons Domini. The current Trinity church in Uppsala was founded in the late 13th century and cannot be the church where Eric was slain. Scholars have discussed different locations of the older Trinity church, but the presence of pre-cathedral graves in the vicinity of the cathedral might suggest that the original Trinity church was located at the same spot as the cathedral. In an effort to elucidate this early history of the cathedral and Mons Domini, archaeologist Magnus Alkarp and geophysicist
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13th century. The historicity of the legend has been much-discussed by
Swedish historians. It tells that Eric was of royal blood and was unanimously chosen king of Sweden when there was a vacancy of the kingship. It also states that Eric reigned for ten years, which would put the beginning of his reign in c. 1150. If this is correct he would have been a rival king to
1225:
314:, which refers to "Eirik the Saint, son of Jatvard". Late medieval Swedish tradition likewise knows the king by the name Eric Jedvardsson. The name of the father, Jedvard (Edward), is not Scandinavian and may point to English missionary influence. According to 14th-century tradition, Eric's mother was Cecilia, a daughter of King
540:
from c. 1250 says: "The twelfth was King Eric. He was too soon put to death at an unfortunate moment, He always made good deeds while he was alive, and was therefore rewarded by God and his angels; his bones rest in
Uppsala. He has there presented many good portents by the grace of God." In a letter
461:
Eric is portrayed in the legend as the ideal of a just ruler, who supported those who were oppressed by the mighty, and expelled the rude and unfair from his kingdom. He was supposedly responsible for codifying the laws of his kingdom, which became known as King Eric's Law. Additionally, a hypothesis
653:
or Knut encouraged veneration of his father as a martyr, as seen from the so-called
Vallentuna Calendar from 1198. Facts and fiction about his life were inseparably mixed together, including the alleged miracle of a fountain springing from the earth where the king's head fell after being cut off. In
648:
The assassinated king Eric was buried in the Old
Uppsala church, which he had rebuilt around the burial mounds of his pagan predecessors. In about 1167, as his son began to take power after the death of the latest Sverker king, Eric's body was enshrined, although there is no direct evidence for this
447:
from the early 1170s does mention complaints that "the Finns always, when they are threatened by hostile armies, promise to keep the
Christian creed and eagerly ask for preachers and teachers in the Christian law; but when the army returns, they deny the faith and despise and persecute the preachers
767:
examined a large part of the cathedral with ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The results from this investigation confirmed the existence of an older building beneath the cathedral, in all the details corresponding with the outline of a 12th-century
Romanesque church, which implies that the cathedral
707:
In April, 2014, Swedish researchers opened the current reliquary to examine its contents, and the cathedral displayed the funerary crown during the forensic examination period. On March 19, 2016, researchers announced preliminary results that Eric's relics contained injuries consistent with legends
554:
After killing Eric, Magnus
Henriksson was able to take power. However, Magnus' reign proved short and he never fully consolidated the kingdom before likewise dying at rivals' hands in the following year. Likewise his slayer (and possible co-conspirator in Eric's death) Charles VII, was assassinated
334:
No contemporary sources with information about Erik have been found, and the first written mention of him is in a letter during the reign of his son Knut
Eriksson. The letter refers to Erik as "King of the Swedes"; the only full account of Eric's life is a hagiographical legend dating from the late
482:
to support the Church similar to elsewhere in Europe. The legend strongly accentuates Eric's personal piety: "This saintly king of ours conducted many godly prayers and sessions, as well as fasting. He showed empathy with people in distress, was generous in giving alms to poor people, and forced
545:
complains that some people in Sweden had begun worshiping "a man who had been killed in debauchery and feasting". Some scholars have assumed that this alludes to King Eric, and that the celebration of the
Ascension Day was accompanied by feasting which enabled the surprise rebel attack. The
522:
in May 1160. The king, being informed of the approach of the enemy, heard mass to the end, then armed himself and the few men at hand, and went out to meet Magnus' troops. He was pulled off his horse onto the ground by the swarming rebels, who taunted and stabbed him, then beheaded him.
339:, who had ascended the throne in c. 1132 and was murdered in 1156. At any rate it is assumed that Eric was recognized in most provinces after 1156. While his paternity is obscure, there is good evidence that he strengthened his claims to the throne by marriage to the Danish princess
452:
the right to pagan lands conquered by his ancestors. If interpreted literally this might allude to conquests in Finland conducted by Eric IX and Canute I (his grandfather and father). If the "crusade" took place, it was however probably no more than a sea-borne raid.
661:
commemorates Eric on May 18 as "Erik, King of Sweden, martyr, 1160". Eric is commemorated by the Roman Catholic Church on 18 May. Swedish traditions included processions on his feast day from the cathedral to Old Uppsala to petition for a good harvest. The Catholic
555:
in 1167 after Eric's son Canute I returned from exile. Canute defeated his Sverker rivals by 1173 and unified the kingdom in the decades before his death in 1195 or 1196. While Eric had been a short-lived and ultimately unsuccessful ruler, Canute established the
506:
According to the legend, the Devil inspired Magnus in his machinations. He used gifts and grand promises to attract Swedish nobles, including "a mighty man in the kingdom". If this is based on sound tradition it may mean that Magnus allied with Karl of the rival
654:
1273, a century after Canute consolidated Sweden, Eric's relics and regalia were transferred to the present cathedral of Uppsala, built on the martyrdom site. The translation both displayed and extended the depth of his religious following.
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Saint Eric is portrayed in art as a young king being murdered during Mass with the bishop Henry of Uppsala. In Uppsala Cathedral there is a series of late medieval paintings depicting Eric and Henry of Uppsala.
1241:
448:
badly". The bull implies that the Swedes already stood in a certain relation to the Finns and conducted expeditions against them. Moreover, a papal letter from 1216 reserved for Eric's grandson
295:
roots like other medieval ruling houses in Sweden. Osteological investigations of Eric's remains suggest that he may have lived the last 10–15 years of his life in Västergötland rather than in
861:
1295:
366:
chronicle from c. 1200. Quite contrary to the impression of pro-clerical policy of the Eric Legend, it says that King Eric and Queen Christina harassed the monks of
793:
800:
before Eric XIV (at least seven) is unknown and none of them used numerals. It would be speculative to try to affix a mathematically accurate one to this king.
700:
and to finance war against Russia. The present Renaissance style casket was commissioned in the 1570s to contain his relics by Johan's Polish Catholic queen,
1532:
692:. During the Middle Ages, each new Swedish king took his oath of office with his hands on the reliquary. The original medieval casket was melted down by
491:
While the legend asserts that Eric was unanimously accepted as king, the circumstances reveal that this was not the case. Apart from Karl Sverkersson in
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Some of the details of Eric's violent end seem to be corroborated by a scientific investigation of his bones (see below). Otherwise, a
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1419:
Erik den helige - Landsfader eller beläte? En rikspatrons öde i svensk historieskrivning från reformationen till och med upplysningen
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Eric had a brother whose name began with a "J"; this brother has been identified with a Joar Jedvardsson. This in turn fits with
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416:, "which at this time was pagan and did Sweden great harm". In an effort to conquer and convert the Finns, he allegedly led the
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as the ruling dynasty and used the memory of his father to anchor his regime. He was indirectly succeeded by his son
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Sture Bolin with contribution (about St. Eric's cult and liturgy) by Bengt Hildebrand (1953). "Erik den helige".
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1818:
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Sands, Tracey R. (2008). "The Cult of St Eric, King and Martyr, in Medieval Sweden". In DuBois, Thomas (ed.).
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Guy-Ryan, Jessie. "The Gruesome Legend of Swedish King Might Actually Be True", Atlas Obscura, March 19, 2016
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The Cult of St Erik in Medieval Sweden : Veneration of a Royal Saint, Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries
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Sture Bolin with contribution (about the cult and liturgy of St. Eric) by Bengt Hildebrand (1953).
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Kiefer, James E., "Erik, King of Sweden", Biographical sketches of memorable Christians of the past
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had a claim to the throne, being the great-grandson of Inge I and the great-great-grandson of King
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was founded in 1158. After this, however, Eric and Christina changed their stance and allowed
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where he died. On the other hand, the only manor he is known to have possessed is situated in
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Referring to Eric Jedvardsson as King Eric IX is a later invention, counting backwards from
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According to the legend, King Erik the Saint was slain while he attended the Mass at the
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Unbeknownst to the king, the allies gathered a considerable army and accosted Eric near
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1992:
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Christian Lovén, "Erikskulten i Uppsala - dubbelhelgonet och den långa stationsvägen",
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300:
47:
307:. Eriksberg in central Västergötland has been suggested as the original family manor.
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Filip Eriksson; some historians give Filip as the father of Holmger, the father of
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246:
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There is no direct confirmation from other sources of this "crusade". However, a
17:
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Carl M. Kjellberg, "Erik den heliges ättlingar och tronpretendenter bland dem",
475:
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Legend also attributes Eric with the initial spread of the Christian faith into
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One of the many images of Saint Eric in Stockholm as the city's symbolic patron.
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confirms that he was killed by unspecified enemies. The short chronicle in the
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Annales suecici medii aevi. Svensk medeltidsannalistik kommenterad och utgiven
712:
in the neck could only have happened outside of battle, since during battle a
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421:
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511:. This assumption is supported by a statement in a late medieval chronicle.
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in his realm. However, the only reliable source mentioning his reign is a
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304:
1613:
713:
515:
432:
to remain in Finland to evangelize the Finns, later becoming a martyr.
429:
413:
383:
375:
296:
263:
names him as a saint memorialized on 18 May. He was the founder of the
172:
99:
1510:
1270:"Science sheds new light on the life and death of medieval king Erik"
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479:
471:
723:
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632:
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292:
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1432:
1228:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
887:
Sveriges historia till vĂĄra dagar. Andra Delen. Ă„ldre medeltiden.
696:, partly in order to pay off the Ă„lvsborg ransom required by the
797:
1514:
971:
969:
390:. An early 13th-century source adds that he made donations to
267:, which ruled Sweden with interruptions from c. 1156 to 1250.
928:. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlah, 1926, p. 328.
747:
and his crowned head is depicted in the city's coat of arms.
2427:
Pre-Reformation saints of the Lutheran liturgical calendar
948:"Erik den helige, Sveriges helgonkonung. NĂĄgra synpunkter"
889:
Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag, 1926, p. 47.
731:, depicting Eric the Saint and based on the medieval seal.
478:. If so, he would have established an unpopular system of
975:
The Eric Legend, quoted in Carl Grimberg, 1926, p. 329.
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According to the legend, Eric did much to consolidate
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Stockholms blodbad och andra kritiska undersökningar
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2221:
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1889:
1869:
1860:
1811:
1802:
1708:
1693:
1604:
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1298:. Svenska kyrkan | Uppsala domkyrka. Archived from
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183:
171:
132:
122:
106:
93:
85:
81:
71:
61:
53:
46:
32:
1242:Borrelli, Antonio. "Sant 'Erik IX", Santi e Beati
462:argues that he established a monastic chapter in
1049:Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290
1018:Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290
915:. Alingsås: Viktoria Bokförlag, 1991, pp. 42-3.
1526:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
213:
207:
8:
792:(1604–1611) adopted numerals according to a
768:is the site of the earlier Trinity church.
716:would have protected those neck vertebrae.
518:at Ă–stra Aros when he attended Mass on the
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2218:
2145:
1903:
1866:
1808:
1705:
1601:
1554:
1533:
1519:
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924:The Eric Legend, quoted in Carl Grimberg.
38:
29:
1402:Erik den helige - historia, kult, reliker
1222:1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 1 January 2013
983:
981:
755:Archaeological evidence of Trinity Church
386:to be reorganized under Abbot Gerhard of
318:. This information is disputed, however.
1354:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
470:which had come from the Danish abbey of
813:
796:. The number of Swedish monarchs named
777:
1198:from the original on September 8, 2006
659:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
546:identification is uncertain, however.
439:A medieval church drawing of King Eric
291:, Eric's family is considered to have
1105:
1103:
7:
1393:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Band 14
1116:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Band 14
1085:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Band 20
1020:. Leiden: Brill, 2007, pp. 90, 425.
27:King of Sweden from c. 1156 to 1160
25:
1051:. Leiden: Brill, 2007, pp. 89-90.
862:"King Sverre's Saga, Chapter 100"
1223:
1097:Carl Grimberg, 1926, pp. 329-30.
788:(1560–1568). He and his brother
664:St. Eric's Cathedral, Stockholm
2422:12th-century murdered monarchs
1171:Sven Tunberg, 1926, pp. 57-86.
1162:Mats G. Larsson, 2002, p. 185.
1079:Hans Gillingstam (1973–1975).
926:Svenska folkets underbara öden
902:, Lund: Gleerup, 1974, p. 265.
1:
2487:Swedish Roman Catholic saints
2452:12th-century Christian saints
2417:12th-century Swedish monarchs
1558:
1312:Sabine Sten, 2016, pp. 30-31.
1069:Sven Tunberg, 1926, pp. 51-2.
250:
2447:Burials at Uppsala Cathedral
1736:descendant of Inge the Elder
1680:descendant of Inge the Elder
1029:Carl Grimberg, 1926, p. 328.
963:Carl Grimberg, 1926, p. 329.
794:fictitious history of Sweden
347:. His realm did not include
279:were consistently buried at
220:
2457:Roman Catholic royal saints
1977:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
1217:Monks of Ramsgate. "Eric".
1007:Sven Tunberg, 1941, p. 277.
685:) continues to display the
597:, King of Sweden 1167–1196.
139:
2518:
2047:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
2000:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1983:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
1331:Oertel, Christian (2014).
1153:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 52.
1129:Lindkvist, Thomas (2021).
1038:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 50.
998:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 51.
937:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 46.
845:"Erik den heliges skelett"
761:ecclesia Sancte trinitatis
666:, is named for King Eric.
649:until c. 1220. Eric's son
405:
343:, a granddaughter of King
2371:
1499:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1450:
1296:"Reliquary of Saint Erik"
1252:Sabine Sten, 2016, p. 28.
1060:Sabine Sten, 2016, p. 33.
729:Coat of arms of Stockholm
355:ruled in the late 1150s.
163:Margaret, Queen of Norway
37:
2482:Assassinations in Sweden
1410:, "Erik den Helige", in
913:När Sverige blev Sverige
698:Treaty of Stettin (1570)
275:As later kings from the
150:Canute I, King of Sweden
2442:Swedish Roman Catholics
2437:Medieval Swedish saints
1440:The American Cyclopædia
1400:Bengt Thordeman (ed.),
2109:Sten Sture the Younger
2040:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
2023:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1966:Christopher of Bavaria
732:
682:
645:
520:Feast of the Ascension
440:
374:. Some monks left for
351:, where Sverker's son
341:Christina Björnsdotter
331:
214:
208:
1352:Sanctity in the North
1133:. London: Routledge.
851:111, 2016, p. 28, 33.
727:
636:
577:Kristina Björnsdotter
438:
418:First Swedish Crusade
408:First Swedish Crusade
353:Charles VII of Sweden
329:
249:in the 12th century,
158:Catherine Eriksdotter
112:Church of Old Uppsala
57:c. 1156 – 18 May 1160
2088:Sten Sture the Elder
2071:Sten Sture the Elder
1970:House of Wittelsbach
843:Sabine Sten et al.,
575:Eric was married to
495:, the Danish prince
127:Christina of Denmark
1761:Sverker the Younger
1377:Historisk tidskrift
743:and of its capital
702:Catherine Jagiellon
641:of Eric the Saint,
602:Canute II of Sweden
2119:House of Oldenburg
2081:House of Oldenburg
2054:Erik Axelsson Tott
2016:House of Oldenburg
2006:Erik Axelsson Tott
1918:House of Estridsen
1732:House of Estridsen
1722:Eric "IX" the Holy
1676:House of Estridsen
1667:Ragnvald Knaphövde
1542:Monarchs of Sweden
1414:. Stockholm, 1965.
1404:. Stockholm, 1954.
1081:"Karl Sverkersson"
733:
646:
622:Sverre I of Norway
620:; married in 1185
595:Canute I of Sweden
581:House of Estridsen
543:Pope Alexander III
441:
402:Crusade to Finland
332:
312:King Sverre's Saga
223: 18 May 1160
2404:
2403:
2380:Norwegian monarch
2375:Lineage uncertain
2367:
2366:
2308:
2307:
2259:
2258:
2194:
2193:
2135:
2134:
1953:House of Griffins
1936:House of Griffins
1926:House of Griffins
1885:
1884:
1856:
1855:
1798:
1797:
1737:
1716:Sverker the Elder
1689:
1688:
1681:
1605:c. 1060 – c. 1130
1591:
1590:
1509:
1508:
1500:Succeeded by
1361:978-0-8020-9410-0
1342:978-2-503-56474-6
1182:"The Church Year"
1140:978-1-003-17437-0
1131:The Västgöta Laws
1112:"Erik den helige"
675:Uppsala Cathedral
643:Uppsala Cathedral
497:Magnus Henriksson
256:Roman Martyrology
243:Eric the Lawgiver
201:
200:
196:Roman Catholicism
116:Uppsala Cathedral
114:, later moved to
18:Eric IX of Sweden
16:(Redirected from
2509:
2472:Finnish folklore
2467:Swedish folklore
2462:Medieval legends
2329:Charles XIV John
2319:
2275:
2265:Holstein-Gottorp
2229:Charles X Gustav
2219:
2215:
2146:
1904:
1867:
1809:
1735:
1706:
1679:
1662:Inge the Younger
1602:
1560:
1555:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1483:Preceded by
1473:
1466:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1434:"Eric IX."
1397:
1384:Ă…rsboken Uppland
1365:
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1197:
1191:. January 2006.
1189:Renewing Worship
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909:
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873:
864:. Archived from
858:
852:
841:
835:
829:
823:
818:
801:
782:
765:Jaana Gustafsson
683:Uppsala domkyrka
509:House of Sverker
252:
227:Erik Jedvardsson
224:
222:
217:
211:
143:
42:
30:
21:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2497:Lutheran saints
2492:Royal reburials
2407:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2363:
2359:Carl XVI Gustaf
2354:Gustaf VI Adolf
2304:
2295:Gustav IV Adolf
2285:Adolf Frederick
2255:
2244:Ulrika Eleonora
2209:
2208:
2201:
2190:
2181:Gustav II Adolf
2131:
1900:
1898:
1881:
1852:
1794:
1685:
1606:
1587:
1573:Olof Skötkonung
1544:
1539:
1505:
1496:
1488:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1431:
1428:
1408:Lauritz Weibull
1389:
1372:
1362:
1349:
1343:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1320:Further reading
1317:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1276:. 16 March 2016
1268:
1267:
1256:
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1240:
1236:
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1215:
1211:
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1199:
1195:
1184:
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1157:
1152:
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1141:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
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1046:
1042:
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1033:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
958:
945:
941:
936:
932:
923:
919:
910:
906:
898:Göte Paulsson,
897:
893:
884:
880:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
842:
838:
830:
826:
819:
815:
810:
805:
804:
783:
779:
774:
757:
722:
672:
631:
624:, died in 1202.
573:
552:
501:Sweyn Estridson
489:
459:
410:
404:
324:
273:
261:Catholic Church
253:1156–1160. The
225:), also called
219:
209:Erik den helige
167:
137:
136:
118:
98:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:king of Poland
2392:
2390:Danish monarch
2382:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2216:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2095:Svante Nilsson
2091:
2084:
2074:
2067:
2064:House of Bonde
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2033:House of Bonde
2026:
2019:
2009:
1996:
1993:House of Bonde
1986:
1973:
1963:
1960:Charles (VIII)
1956:
1946:
1943:Charles (VIII)
1939:
1929:
1910:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1744:
1739:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1709:c. 1130 – 1250
1703:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1653:Inge the Elder
1650:
1645:
1643:Inge the Elder
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1493:King of Sweden
1489:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1478:Regnal titles
1475:
1474:
1454:
1452:Erik the Saint
1451:
1446:
1445:
1427:
1426:External links
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:Henrik Ă…gren,
1415:
1405:
1398:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1302:on 2019-02-06.
1287:
1254:
1245:
1234:
1219:Book of Saints
1209:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1121:
1099:
1090:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1009:
1000:
991:
977:
965:
956:
946:Sven Tunberg,
939:
930:
917:
911:Peter Sawyer.
904:
891:
885:Sven Tunberg.
878:
853:
836:
832:"Martirologio"
824:
812:
811:
809:
806:
803:
802:
776:
775:
773:
770:
756:
753:
721:
718:
671:
668:
630:
627:
626:
625:
615:
605:
598:
591:
590:
588:
579:of the Danish
572:
569:
551:
548:
488:
485:
458:
455:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
388:Alvastra Abbey
345:Inge the Elder
323:
320:
272:
269:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:Filip Eriksson
152:
146:
144:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
110:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
48:King of Sweden
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2514:
2503:
2502:Sons of kings
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:House of Eric
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2276:
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2266:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Knut Eriksson
1754:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:HĂĄkan the Red
1632:
1630:
1629:Anund GĂĄrdske
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Eric and Eric
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1583:Emund the Old
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:970 – c. 1060
1556:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:House of Eric
1449:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:public domain
1221:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:Philip Line,
1044:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:Philip Line,
1013:
1010:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
989:
984:
982:
978:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
954:1941, p. 264.
953:
949:
943:
940:
934:
931:
927:
921:
918:
914:
908:
905:
901:
895:
892:
888:
882:
879:
868:on 2016-05-25
867:
863:
857:
854:
850:
846:
840:
837:
833:
828:
825:
822:
817:
814:
807:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
778:
771:
769:
766:
762:
754:
752:
748:
746:
742:
738:
730:
726:
719:
717:
715:
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
667:
665:
660:
655:
652:
644:
640:
635:
628:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:; married to
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
593:
592:
589:
586:
585:
584:
582:
578:
570:
568:
566:
563:and grandson
562:
558:
557:House of Eric
549:
547:
544:
539:
538:
537:Västgötalagen
533:
529:
524:
521:
517:
512:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
487:Assassination
486:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
456:
454:
451:
446:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Vitskøl Abbey
377:
373:
372:Västergötland
369:
368:Varnhem Abbey
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
321:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Västergötland
286:
282:
281:Varnhem Abbey
278:
277:House of Eric
270:
268:
266:
265:House of Eric
262:
258:
257:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Eric the Holy
232:
228:
216:
210:
205:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
145:
142:
141:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2300:Charles XIII
2248:
2212:Hesse-Kassel
2210:
2206:Wittelsbach)
2124:
2115:Christian II
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2069:
2060:Charles VIII
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:Charles VIII
2021:
2004:
1998:
1989:Charles VIII
1981:
1975:
1958:
1941:
1894:
1891:Kalmar Union
1787:
1775:
1720:
1698:
1491:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1438:
1418:
1411:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1376:
1351:
1332:
1308:
1300:the original
1290:
1280:27 September
1278:. Retrieved
1273:
1248:
1237:
1218:
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1188:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1093:
1084:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1003:
994:
959:
951:
942:
933:
925:
920:
912:
907:
899:
894:
886:
881:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
856:
848:
839:
834:(in Italian)
827:
816:
780:
760:
758:
749:
737:patron saint
735:Eric is the
734:
706:
673:
656:
647:
637:Silver-gilt
574:
553:
535:
525:
513:
505:
503:of Denmark.
493:Östergötland
490:
468:Benedictines
460:
457:Achievements
442:
426:Bishop Henry
420:east of the
411:
392:Nydala Abbey
360:Christianity
357:
349:Östergötland
333:
309:
274:
254:
247:Swedish king
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
203:
202:
138:
2432:1160 deaths
2250:Frederick I
2239:Charles XII
2202:ZweibrĂĽcken
2200:Palatinate-
2102:Eric Trolle
2012:Christian I
1862:Mecklenburg
1742:Charles VII
1578:Anund Jacob
1472:18 May 1160
1335:. Brepols.
1274:EurekAlert!
541:from 1172,
530:to his son
476:Vreta Abbey
466:, begun by
464:Old Uppsala
301:Västmanland
239:Saint Eric
97:18 May 1160
62:Predecessor
2411:Categories
2339:Charles XV
2322:since 1818
2314:Bernadotte
2290:Gustav III
2234:Charles XI
2176:Charles IX
2126:Gustav (I)
1839:Eric "XII"
1824:Magnus III
1783:Knut LĂĄnge
1648:Blot-Sweyn
1568:Eric "VII"
1497:1156–1160
1370:In Swedish
1325:In English
952:Fornvännen
872:2013-08-13
849:Fornvännen
808:References
790:Charles IX
629:Veneration
612:Nils Blake
550:Succession
528:papal bull
445:papal bull
422:Baltic Sea
364:Cistercian
316:Blot-Sweyn
271:Background
215:Sankt Erik
204:Saint Erik
89:c. 1120-25
33:Saint Erik
2386:Norwegian
2278:1751–1818
2269:Oldenburg
2222:1654–1751
2186:Christina
2171:Sigismund
2149:1523–1654
1949:Eric XIII
1932:Eric XIII
1922:Eric XIII
1907:1389–1523
1870:1364–1389
1844:Magnus IV
1834:Magnus IV
1812:1250–1364
1789:Eric "XI"
1777:Eric "XI"
1728:Magnus II
1607:1160–1161
1503:Magnus II
1486:Sverker I
1379:43, 1923.
745:Stockholm
720:Patronage
710:vertebrae
694:Johan III
670:Reliquary
639:reliquary
608:Catherine
337:Sverker I
76:Magnus II
72:Successor
66:Sverker I
2349:Gustaf V
2344:Oscar II
2166:John III
2161:Eric XIV
2156:Gustav I
1914:Margaret
1897:indicate
1819:Valdemar
1766:Eric "X"
1751:Boleslaw
1672:Magnus I
1193:Archived
786:Eric XIV
618:Margaret
587:Children
532:Canute I
474:or from
305:Svealand
245:, was a
231:Eric IX
192:Religion
102:, Sweden
2334:Oscar I
2077:John II
1899:regents
1895:Italics
1697:·
1695:Sverker
1639:Halsten
1624:Halsten
1614:Stenkil
1597:Stenkil
1443:. 1879.
1421:, 2013.
1202:May 18,
714:hauberk
679:Swedish
565:Eric XI
516:Uppsala
430:Uppsala
414:Finland
396:SmĂĄland
384:Varnhem
376:Denmark
297:Uppland
293:Geatish
259:of the
187:Jedvard
100:Uppsala
1877:Albert
1848:Haakon
1829:Birger
1804:Bjälbo
1771:John I
1658:Philip
1468:
1358:
1339:
1137:
741:Sweden
690:casket
651:Canute
571:Family
561:Eric X
480:tithes
472:Odense
450:Eric X
378:where
322:Legend
241:, and
184:Father
140:Detail
123:Spouse
107:Burial
2394:Also
2384:Also
2378:Also
1550:Munsö
1470:Died:
1463:Born:
1386:2004.
1196:(PDF)
1185:(PDF)
772:Notes
687:relic
285:Skara
283:near
173:House
134:Issue
54:Reign
2388:and
2141:Vasa
1920:) /
1700:Eric
1465:1120
1356:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1282:2016
1204:2023
1135:ISBN
798:Eric
657:The
178:Eric
94:Died
86:Born
1747:Kol
739:of
428:of
394:in
370:in
303:in
287:in
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1734:,
1678:,
1660:/
1641:/
1559:c.
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