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591:(ELF) tried to suppress dissident groups that disliked the ELF leadership and wished to break away to form a new insurgency. Dissidents included Christians who resented an alleged Islamic bias in the ELF, inhabitants of the coast with regionalist concerns, and radical Marxists. The ELF failed to suppress the dissident groups, who ultimately united themselves into the
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the EPLF, ELF units withdrew from the lines in August of the same year. This created tremendous friction between the fronts which eventually led to the resumption of conflict. By this point the ELF had been drained during the
Ethiopian resurgence after Soviet assistance was leveraged, and were eventually defeated by the EPLF forces in 1981. The
944:
The Second Civil War was executed by the EPLF against the ELF in a bid to protect the flanks of the Front under tremendous pressure from a resurgent
Ethiopia. In 1980, the ELF had entered into secret negotiations with the Soviet Union to end the war. Furthermore, on defence of the Sahel stronghold of
782:
coast. Eventually this conflict spread further into the highlands until in
October 1974 calls for the conflict to stop were finally heeded after a battle at Woki left 600 fighters dead. These calls for peace came from local villagers at a time when the independence movement was close to victory over
635:
This organization was socialist in nature, however attracted mostly Muslim fighters in the early 1960s. By the late 1960s, the frustration with the dissolution of the federation had pushed
Eritrean Christians to join the fight for independence. Integration of Christian fighters under Muslim
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under great domestic controversy. Throughout the federation the autonomy of
Eritrea was whittled away until it was no longer legal to teach in all of Eritrea's tongues. With increasing divisiveness being sown in the local press between Christians and Muslims the ELF was formed in
639:
This friction lead to the separation of parts of ELF from the ELF Command, sparking a military conflict. In the words of the ELF command, the purpose of the conflict was, "...to assert the continuation of the revolution through the liquidation of counter-revolution..."
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The First Civil War was fought by the ELF against the nascent organizations of the
Popular Liberation Forces that were formerly under the command of the ELF and the Obel group. Fighting began in February 1972 and spread through lowlands, particularly the
158:
610:
when it appeared that the ELF were attempting to negotiate a peace deal with the enemy Soviet and
Ethiopian governments. The ELF was defeated and pushed out of Eritrea. The remnants of the ELF withdrew to the Sudan.
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commanders did not go well and the regional emphasis of the ELF caused friction between the old guard and the new radical students.
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also assisted in driving the ELF out of
Eritrea. They were eventually pushed across the border into the Sudan.
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Ethiopia. The ELF and EPLF negotiated an agreement at
Koazien in January 1975 in which they agreed to fight the
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together. There were around 3,000 casualties from this civil war, more than the
Eritreans had lost
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were two conflicts that were fought between competing organizations for the liberation of
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From Guerrillas to Government: The Eritrean People's Liberation Front
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157:
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195:
1024:"How Eritrea fuels the civil war in Ethiopia – DW – 10/15/2022"
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by a number of Eritrean Muslim intellectuals in 1960.
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Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia
1108:
Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1086:Harris, Paul. "Eritrea: A Small War in Africa".
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27:1972–1974 and 1980–1981 conflicts in Eritrea
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1043:"Liquidation of Counter-Revolution".
791:for thirteen years up to this point.
7:
1213:"Eritrea—Hope For Africa's Future".
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1000:"Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War"
602:was fought from 1980 to 1981. The
593:Eritrean People's Liberation Front
587:was fought from 1972 to 1974. The
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177:: February 1972 – 13 October 1974
1200:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
1175:Historical Dictionary of Eritrea
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671:February 1972 – 13 October 1974
182:: February 1980 – 24 March 1981
150:conflicts in the Horn of Africa
45:needs additional citations for
1253:Civil wars of the 20th century
1145:. Human Rights Watch. p.
1111:. Human Rights Watch. p.
463:Somaliland War of Independence
209:: ELF fails to suppress rivals
1:
826:February 1980 – 24 March 1981
1238:Eritrean War of Independence
975:Eritrean War of Independence
809:Eritrean War of Independence
695:ELF fails to suppress rivals
658:Eritrean War of Independence
519:Djiboutian–Eritrean conflict
355:Eritrean War of Independence
142:Eritrean War of Independence
1139:Waal, Alexander De (1991).
1105:Waal, Alexander De (1991).
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1177:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow.
1061:Pool, David (2001-12-01).
1065:. Ohio University Press.
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802:Second Eritrean Civil War
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589:Eritrean Liberation Front
394:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
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214:: ELF decisively defeated
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155:
139:
651:First Eritrean Civil War
585:First Eritrean Civil War
524:Ethiopian civil conflict
1243:20th century in Eritrea
850:ELF decisively defeated
789:fighting the government
621:federated with Ethiopia
495:Hanish Islands conflict
901:Commanders and leaders
735:Commanders and leaders
500:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
485:Second Afar insurgency
377:Somali–Kenyan conflict
367:1961 revolt in Somalia
265:Commanders and leaders
1248:Civil wars in Eritrea
1173:Killion, Tom (1998).
1088:Combat & Survival
1045:The Eritrean Struggle
914:Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
766:Casualties and losses
748:Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
619:In 1952, Eritrea was
399:1963 Ogaden Rebellion
343:in the Horn of Africa
278:Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
69:"Eritrean Civil Wars"
785:Ethiopian government
513:OEF – Horn of Africa
473:Insurgency in Ogaden
468:Djiboutian Civil War
54:improve this article
813:Ethiopian Civil War
574:Eritrean Civil Wars
561:Al-Fashaga conflict
446:Puntland–Somaliland
431:Ethiopian Civil War
360:Eritrean civil wars
146:Ethiopian Civil War
135:Eritrean Civil Wars
1094:(7): October 1998.
998:Cousin, Tracey L.
980:History of Eritrea
490:Gedeo–Guji clashes
196:Socialist Ethiopia
18:Eritrean Civil War
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1007:. Retrieved
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937:Meles Zenawi
859:Belligerents
807:Part of the
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704:Belligerents
656:Part of the
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456:2009–present
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301:Meles Zenawi
223:Belligerents
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140:Part of the
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1221:(10): 1996.
529:Afar–Somali
372:Bale revolt
1232:Categories
1009:2007-09-03
986:References
771:3,000 dead
615:Background
549:Tigray war
339:Post-1960
80:newspapers
441:Rebellion
341:conflicts
953:See also
840:Ethiopia
831:Location
811:and the
685:Ethiopia
676:Location
595:(EPLF).
187:Location
780:Red Sea
578:Eritrea
478:2007–08
451:2006–09
94:scholar
1181:
1153:
1127:wolki.
1119:
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847:Result
692:Result
409:Ogaden
382:Shifta
203:Result
144:, the
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67:
630:Egypt
626:Cairo
387:Rhamu
101:JSTOR
87:books
1179:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1067:ISBN
947:TPLF
895:TPLF
884:EPLF
823:Date
729:EPLF
668:Date
604:EPLF
598:The
583:The
572:The
414:1982
404:1964
259:TPLF
248:EPLF
194:and
171:Date
148:and
73:news
872:ELF
717:ELF
608:ELF
236:ELF
56:by
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