689:, but because of their daughter, Elisabeth, she refused to consider permitting her grandchildren to divorce. Ernest also held off from divorce mainly for this reason. He adored his daughter to distraction and lavished his time and attention on her. The child reciprocated her father's affection, preferred the company of her father to that of her mother. Meanwhile, all efforts to rekindle the marriage failed; Victoria took to spending most of the year in the south of France, spending vast sums of money. When Queen Victoria died in January 1901, significant opposition to the end of the marriage was removed. The couple were divorced 21 December 1901 on grounds of "invincible mutual antipathy" by a special verdict of the Supreme Court of Hesse. After the divorce had come through, Victoria told some close relatives that Ernest was a homosexual. Allegedly, she had caught her husband in bed with a male servant when, in 1897, she returned home from a visit to her sister Queen Marie of Romania. She did not make her accusation public, but told her sister that "no boy was safe, from the stable hands to the kitchen help. He slept quite openly with them all." Victoria later married another first cousin, this time on her mother's side, while Ernest married a woman from a mediatised family,
672:, remembered one stay with them as having been "the jolliest, merriest house party to which I have ever been in my life." These revelries were more in keeping with Victoria's inclinations than Ernest's. Their marriage was unhappy due to differences in temperament and attitude. Fond as she was of revelry, Victoria was less enthusiastic about fulfilling her public role. She avoided answering letters, put off visits to elderly relations whose company she did not enjoy, and talked to people who amused her at official functions while ignoring people of higher social or official standing whom she found boring. Victoria's inattention to her duties provoked quarrels with Ernest. The young couple had loud arguments which sometimes turned physical. The volatile Victoria shouted, threw tea trays, smashed china against the wall, and tossed anything that was handy at Ernest during their arguments.
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577:, fell through a window onto the balcony twenty feet below. Ernest Louis was inconsolable. "When I die, you must die too, and all the others. Why can't we all die together? I don't want to die alone, like Frittie," he told his nurse. To his mother he said, "I dreamt that I was dead and was gone up to Heaven, and there I asked God to let me have Frittie again and he came to me and took my hand."
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600:, died. Alice kept the news from her family for several weeks, until Ernest Louis, who was devoted to little Marie, asked for his sister. When his mother revealed Marie's death, Ernest Louis was overcome with grief. In comforting her grieving son, Alice kissed him. She fell ill within a week, and died on 14 December, the anniversary of her own father's death.
871:
I knew the Grand Duke of Hesse very well, for he had often stayed with us at
Arkhangelskoye. He was a very good-looking fellow, gay and attractive. He had a passionate love of beauty and boundless imagination. Having taken it into his head one day that his white pigeons were not in keeping with the
850:
Ernie could be the gayest of companions, he was in fact full of almost feverish life. There was something effervescent about him, rather restless even; he was highly strung and had the artistic temperament developed to the highest degree. He enjoyed everything and could also be a clever inventor of
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Ernest Louis grew up in a loving household, with parents who demonstrated their affection for their children, which was unusual for those with their social standing. He grew very attached to his parents and siblings, and it was his misfortune that he was fated to witness several deaths among them
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Ernest Louis commissioned the new mausoleum in 1903. It was consecrated on 3 November 1910, in the presence of the Grand Duke and his immediate family. The remains of Grand Duke Ludwig IV, Princess Alice, Grand
Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine along with their children 'Frittie' and 'May' were
860: ; the fear of his “vetoes” was always with him, so he could never “let himself go” to complete enjoyment. Ernie, however, often helped him to overcome his inborn diffidence; the young brother-in-law, so to say, conquered Nando’s doubts with his much greater self-assurance.
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a lot of good. In his youth my husband had not the faculty of real enjoyment; he was too anxious and this gave him a somewhat protesting attitude that we did our best to overrule. The truth was he was too much in awe of
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In addition to his marriage, Ernest Louis maintained a close friendship with the bisexual Karl August
Lingner, the inventor of Odol, one of the first liquid mouthwashes. When Lingner died of tongue cancer, he bequeathed
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830:, near Darmstadt. He received what amounted to a state funeral on 16 November 1937 and was buried next to his daughter, Elisabeth, in a new open air burial ground next to the New Mausoleum he had built in the
667:
Ernest and
Victoria entertained in style, frequently holding house parties for young friends under the age of 30, dispensing with formality on those occasions to indulge in fun and frolic. Victoria's cousin,
537:. He was named Louis after his father. His nickname was "Ernie". One of seven siblings, two of whom died in childhood, Ernest grew up with his four surviving sisters in Darmstadt. One of his younger sisters,
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2503:
Christopher
Warwick, author of the biography of Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna, entitled 'Ella Princess, Saint & Martyr' published in hardback the United Kingdom by John Wiley & Sons.
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Ernest in 1879 with his grandmother Queen
Victoria and sisters Victoria, Elizabeth, Irene and Alix two months after the deaths of their mother and youngest sister. All are wearing
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2167:"Carl Backofen (1853-1909) - Group photograph taken during the wedding celebrations of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"
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724:, and had issue. The couple and two of their young sons were killed in a plane crash in 1937, leaving behind a daughter who also died two years later, while yet a child.
644:
Ernest was still devastated by the memory of his daughter's death thirty years later. "My little
Elisabeth," he wrote in his memoirs, "was the sunshine of my life."
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629:. The match was actively encouraged by their mutual grandmother, Queen Victoria, who attended the wedding. At the wedding, Ernest's youngest surviving sister,
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in Russia forced his brother-in-law, Tsar
Nicholas II, to abdicate. Sixteen months later, in July 1918, his two sisters in Russia, Elizabeth, the widow of
2166:
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522:
276:
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1965:
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470:
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Funke, Ulf-Norbert "Leben und Wirken von Karl August
Lingner: Lingners Weg vom Handlungsgehilfen zum Grossindustriellen", Diplomica Verlag GmbH, 2014
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57:
2470:"ART AT HOME AND ABROAD; American Paintings at Reinhardt Galleries – Sale of Modern Pictures in Paris – Important Art Exhibitions Abroad"
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greatly devastated her father who wrote "My little
Elisabeth" in his memoirs "was the sunshine of my life" 30 years after her death.
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2029:"EX-RULER OF HESSE DEAD IN GERMANY; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig Was Ousted in 1918 After Reign Praised for Its Wisdom"
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61:
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596:, fell ill. Princess Alice cared for her sick husband and children, but on 16 November, the youngest of them,
17:
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Röhl, John C. G. R "Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941", Cambridge University Press, p534
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709:(17 September 1871 – 16 November 1937). This marriage proved harmonious and happy. The couple had two sons:
681:
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Two Important Art Exhibitions in Darmstadt (Hesse) Under the Patronage of the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt
810:, Alexandra dying alongside her husband and children. At the end of the war, he lost his throne during the
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1173:
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852:
2469:
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Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). "Cecilia de Grecia, gran duquesa heredera de Hesse y del Rhin".
2304:"Hills & Saunders (1852 to date) - Ernest Louis Grand Duke of Hesse (1868-1937) when Prince of Hesse"
172:
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varied amusements. Ernie enjoyed himself as much as we did and, his vitality being infectious, he did
751:
in Switzerland to Ernest Louis. However, the Hesse family never lived in it, and it was sold in 2016.
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La Familia de la Reina Sofía: La Dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa
1487:
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2514:"TWO MORE RULERS GIVE UP THRONE; Republics Proclaimed in Wurttemburg and Hesse—Ducal Lands Seized"
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old stones of his palace, he had their feathers dyed skye blue. His marriage was not a happy one.
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Cockfield, Jamie H."White Crow: The Life and Times of the Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich", p61
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637:, and the excitement of that imminent match overshadowed the wedding celebrations.
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died. The two boys had been playing a game when the younger boy, who suffered from
204:
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Burials at the Mausoleum for the Grand Ducal House of Hesse, Rosenhöhe (Darmstadt)
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website, discussing burials of the grand ducal family (Retrieved 8 December 2008).
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Queen Victoria was saddened when she heard of the trouble in the marriage from
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Throughout his life, Ernest Louis was a patron of the arts, founding the
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Princess Victoria Melita, Grand Duchess Cyril of Russia, 1876–1936
777:
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2565:. State Library of Pennsylvania. C. Scribner’s sons. p. 366.
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656:(11 March 1895 – 16 November 1903). Her early death at age 8 of
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806:, and Alexandra, the wife of Nicholas II, were murdered by the
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as his heir, thereby uniting the two lines of the Hesse family.
3663:
Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
29:
2820:
Portraits of Ernest Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
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Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany
2807:
Newspaper clippings about Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
2071:
The Heir Apparent: A Life of Edward VII, the Playboy Prince
826:
In October 1937, Ernest Louis died after a long illness at
319:
George Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
2618:"Orden Stern von Brabant – Ehrenkreuz 1. Klasse mit Krone"
759:
In 1892, Ernest Louis succeeded his father as grand duke.
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The story of my life [by] Marie, queen of Romania
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nicknamed "Ducky", the daughter of his mother's brother,
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during his childhood. When he was five, his only brother
1085:
Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig
3668:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
794:, Ernest Louis served as a general of the infantry at
2332:(in French). Robert Laffont. pp. 104–105, 333.
2048:
Paid subscription required to read the full article.
1309:
Grand Cross of the Constantinian Order of St. George
545:, the last Emperor of Russia, while another sister,
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Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
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Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
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96:
3688:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
881:He received the following orders and decorations:
497:; 25 November 1868 – 9 October 1937) was the last
27:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 to 1918
3673:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
2605:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen
2252:Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2643:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
2536:Hesse mentioned toward the middle of the article
2678:Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901
2663:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern
3683:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
2228:
2226:
2189:
2187:
1750:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1521:Ancestors of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
716:(1906–1937). He married Ernest's grand-niece,
18:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
3468:
3016:
2727:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1900).
846:, described Grand Duke Ernest in her memoirs:
714:Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse
648:Ernest and Victoria Melita had two children:
580:In 1878, when Ernest was ten, an epidemic of
471:
8:
2407:Beéche, Arturo E.; Miller, Ilana D. (2020).
782:Ernest Louis in 1917, as officer during the
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3461:
3453:
3023:
3009:
3001:
2833:
2826:
2357:. Hamish Hamilton. pp. 352, 272–273.
1908:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
1630:Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1546:Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
1526:
1517:
707:Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
588:. His father and all the children, except
523:Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
478:
464:
390:
374:Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
277:Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
102:
93:
1966:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2438:. Oxford University Press. p. 524.
263:
43:This article includes a list of general
2733:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p.
2140:"Death of the Grand Duchess of Hesse".
2020:
1846:Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1788:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
411:
393:
293:
2730:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia
1887:
1814:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1767:
1763:
1753:
1645:
1535:
1531:
718:Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark
535:Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
333:
3693:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3658:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
1963:
1953:
1949:
1937:
1931:
1921:
1905:
1895:
1891:
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1543:
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1178:Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal
912:Merit Order of Philip the Magnanimous
798:headquarters. In February, 1917, the
670:Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark
623:Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh
255:
239:Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh
7:
2468:Stopes, Charlotte C. (10 May 1914).
1872:Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
1724:Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg
1572:Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine
1231:Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen
1198:Princely House Order of Hohenzollern
1143:Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown
617:, Ernest Louis married his maternal
527:Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
384:Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
3638:German Army generals of World War I
3592:Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine
3587:Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus
2676:Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden".
2584:: G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 130.
867:also described him in his memoirs:
728:Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine
430:Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus
343:Ernest Louis Charles Albert William
324:Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine
2838:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
1349:Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
770:re-interred in the New Mausoleum.
521:Ernest Louis was the elder son of
495:Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm
348:Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3698:Military personnel from Darmstadt
2824:National Portrait Gallery, London
2074:. Random House Publishing Group.
1434:Grand Cross of the White Elephant
736:Auckland Geddes, 1st Baron Geddes
691:Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich
501:, reigning from 1892 until 1918.
3349:
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2982:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
2931:Head of state of Hesse-Darmstadt
2887:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
2699:(1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 29
2645:(1896), "Großherzogliche Orden"
2355:Alice: Princess Andrew of Greece
2284:, St. Martin's Press, 1972, p.62
2068:Ridley, Jane (3 December 2013).
1478:Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath
1463:
1440:
1423:
1355:
1336:
1317:
1298:
1276:
1259:
1241:
1220:
1213:
1187:
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1131:
1109:
1091:
1073:
1067:Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown
1056:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1009:
987:
950:
934:
892:
722:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
563:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
499:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
403:
259:
119:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
34:
3628:Hereditary grand dukes of Hesse
3031:Final hereditary rulers of the
2666:(1908), "Königliche-Orden" p. 8
1103:Grand Cross of the White Falcon
804:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
289:
251:
216:Neues Mausoleum, Park Rosenhöhe
3653:Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
2432:Petropoulos, Jonathan (2006).
2409:The Grand Ducal House of Hesse
1934:Victoria of the United Kingdom
1379:Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
1087:, with Golden Crown and Collar
1:
3484:Princes of Hesse and by Rhine
2748:Bollettino Ufficiale di Stato
2680:. Dresden: Heinrich. p.
2525:. 14 November 1918. p. 1
2328:Mitterrand, Frédéric (1999).
2098:Alice, Grand Duchess Of Hesse
2037:. 10 October 1937. p. 29
1692:Princess Elisabeth of Prussia
663:stillborn son on 25 May 1900.
2709:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
2607:(1912/13), Genealogy pp. 1–2
1604:Princess Wilhelmine of Baden
1254:Grand Cross of St. Alexander
1174:Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
923:Order of the Star of Brabant
635:Tsarevich Nicholas of Russia
559:Princess Alice of Battenberg
3033:states of the German Empire
2811:20th Century Press Archives
2684:– via hathitrust.org.
1453:Knight of the Golden Fleece
1270:Grand Cross of the Redeemer
1180:House Order of Hohenzollern
975:Order of Berthold the First
3719:
1881:
1765:
1639:
1533:
1289:Knight of the Annunciation
1051:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
842:His former sister-in-law,
740:Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse
738:; no issue. Louis adopted
701:Ernest Louis remarried in
633:, became engaged to marry
2989:
2972:
2961:
2954:
2937:
2928:
2910:
2905:
2893:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2836:
2622:www.ehrenzeichen-orden.de
2386:. pp. 284, 299–302.
1951:
1943:
1915:
1893:
1889:
1853:
1831:
1823:
1795:
1773:
1769:
1731:
1709:
1701:
1673:
1666:Prince Wilhelm of Prussia
1651:
1647:
1611:
1589:
1581:
1553:
1537:
1388:Knight of the White Eagle
1196:: Cross of Honour of the
1168:Knight of the Black Eagle
917:Knight of the Golden Lion
764:Darmstadt Artists' Colony
730:(1908–1968), who married
705:, on 2 February 1905, to
549:, would be the mother of
341:
332:
101:
3623:House of Hesse-Darmstadt
2843:House of Hesse-Darmstadt
2714:22 December 2010 at the
1406:Knight of St. Stanislaus
1330:Order of Prince Danilo I
945:Order of Albert the Bear
732:Margaret Campbell Geddes
594:her paternal grandmother
561:, who was the mother of
3633:Nobility from Darmstadt
3566:Grand Duke Ernest Louis
2576:Yusupov, Felix (1953).
2384:La Esfera de los Libros
1122:Knight of the Rue Crown
1021:Order of Henry the Lion
965:House Order of Fidelity
64:more precise citations.
3648:Monarchs who abdicated
3426:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2760:The Knights of England
2353:Vickers, Hugo (2000).
1415:Knight of St. Vladimir
874:
862:
787:
645:
551:Queen Louise of Sweden
518:
494:
347:
3342:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
2975:— TITULAR —
2559:Marie, Queen (1934).
2241:Sullivan, pp. 217–218
1499:Royal Victorian Chain
1328:: Grand Cross of the
1229:: Grand Cross of the
1049:: Grand Cross of the
1019:: Grand Cross of the
943:: Grand Cross of the
869:
848:
781:
643:
613:On 19 April 1894, at
512:
395:Grand Ducal Family of
3519:Grand Duke Louis III
3259:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3223:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3205:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3118:Friedrich August III
2848:Cadet branch of the
2758:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906)
2547:Grand Duchy of Hesse
1488:Knight of the Garter
1370:Knight of St. Andrew
1305:Parmese Ducal Family
1099:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1000:Knight of St. Hubert
814:, after refusing to
547:Victoria Mountbatten
181:Grand Duchy of Hesse
3545:Grand Duke Louis IV
3498:Grand Duke Louis II
3441:Waldeck and Pyrmont
3237:Friedrich August II
2491:See section titled
2194:Van der Kiste, John
2146:. 16 December 1878.
1069:, with Crown in Ore
910:Grand Cross of the
904:Grand Cross of the
834:park in Darmstadt.
800:February Revolution
755:Grand Duke of Hesse
677:Sir George Buchanan
592:, who was visiting
197:Schloss Wolfsgarten
3219:Adolf Friedrich VI
3201:Friedrich Franz IV
2956:Titles in pretence
2906:Political offices
2899:Monarchy abolished
2522:The New York Times
2478:The New York Times
2280:Terence Elsberry,
2034:The New York Times
1505:(expelled in 1915)
1494:(expelled in 1915)
1484:(expelled in 1915)
1397:Knight of St. Anna
899:Hesse and by Rhine
828:Schloß Wolfsgarten
812:revolution of 1918
788:
646:
519:
425:Princess Elisabeth
397:Hesse and by Rhine
314:Princess Elisabeth
150:Monarchy abolished
3600:
3599:
3450:
3449:
2999:
2998:
2990:Succeeded by
2977:
2968:Republic declared
2950:
2938:Succeeded by
2926:
2445:978-0-19-533927-7
2393:978-84-9734-195-0
2364:978-0-241-13686-7
2339:978-2-221-09023-7
2210:978-0-86299-815-8
2202:Sutton Publishing
2108:978-5-87444-192-0
2101:. Рипол Классик.
2095:Sell, K. (2003).
2081:978-0-8129-9475-9
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1497:Recipient of the
1047:Ernestine duchies
682:chargé d'affaires
615:Schloss Ehrenburg
555:Louis Mountbatten
488:
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90:
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16:(Redirected from
3710:
3571:Prince Friedrich
3529:Prince Alexander
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2911:Preceded by
2877:Preceded by
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2859:25 November 1868
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2293:Sullivan, p. 182
2291:
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2282:Marie of Romania
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796:Kaiser Wilhelm's
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543:Tsar Nicholas II
515:mourning clothes
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445:Prince Alexander
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170:25 November 1868
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921:Founder of the
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130:9 November 1918
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56:Please help to
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3580:5th Generation
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3559:4th Generation
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3538:3rd Generation
3535:
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3524:Prince Charles
3521:
3515:
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3512:2nd Generation
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3491:1st Generation
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3389:Heinrich XXVII
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2866:9 October 1937
2851:House of Hesse
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2801:External links
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3289:
3285:
3284:Joachim Ernst
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3227:
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3034:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2994:
2993:Georg Donatus
2985:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2963:Loss of title
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2925:
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2915:
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2613:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2591:9781885586582
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:Lost Splendor
2572:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2515:
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2199:
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2168:
2162:
2159:
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2144:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2091:
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2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
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1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1947:
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1918:
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1454:
1449:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:February 1889
1408:, 1st Class,
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:February 1889
1399:, 1st Class,
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:February 1889
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:February 1889
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:February 1889
1371:
1368:
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1352:
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1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:, with Collar
1169:
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1165:
1162:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1106:
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1022:
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1007:
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996:
984:
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932:
928:
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909:
907:
903:
902:
900:
890:
889:
884:
883:
882:
876:
873:
868:
866:
865:Felix Yusupov
861:
859:
854:
847:
845:
837:
835:
833:
829:
821:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
785:
780:
773:
771:
767:
765:
760:
754:
752:
750:
749:Tarasp Castle
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
723:
719:
715:
712:
711:
710:
708:
704:
696:
694:
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
673:
671:
662:
659:
658:typhoid fever
655:
651:
650:
649:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:Prince Alfred
624:
620:
616:
608:
603:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
516:
511:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
481:
476:
474:
469:
467:
462:
461:
459:
458:
452:
450:
447:
444:
442:Prince Ludwig
441:
439:Grandchildren
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
398:
392:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
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356:
349:
344:
340:
335:
331:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
309:
307:
303:
278:
271:
270:
240:
233:
232:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
198:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
162:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
127:
123:
120:
116:
111:
105:
100:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3565:
3356:Bernhard III
3302:Ernst August
3183:Ernst Ludwig
3182:
3165:Friedrich II
2980:
2979:
2974:
2962:
2947:as president
2946:
2945:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2894:
2885:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2786:
2774:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2743:
2729:
2722:
2704:
2694:
2690:
2677:
2671:
2661:
2657:
2642:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2621:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2577:
2571:
2561:
2554:
2542:
2535:
2527:. Retrieved
2520:
2508:
2499:
2492:
2483:. Retrieved
2476:
2463:
2454:
2434:
2427:
2408:
2402:
2379:
2373:
2354:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2246:
2237:
2216:
2197:
2174:. Retrieved
2170:
2161:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2130:Noel, p. 239
2126:
2117:
2097:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2047:
2039:. Retrieved
2032:
2023:
1749:
1502:
1491:
1482:21 June 1887
1481:
1457:16 July 1910
1456:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1292:
1234:
1194:Hohenzollern
1146:
1125:
1003:
978:
968:
927:14 June 1914
926:
906:Ludwig Order
880:
870:
863:
849:
841:
825:
789:
768:
761:
758:
745:
700:
680:
674:
666:
652:a daughter,
647:
619:first cousin
612:
579:
567:
520:
491:Ernest Louis
490:
489:
435:Prince Louis
413:Ernest Louis
412:
342:
205:Nazi Germany
192:(1937-10-09)
149:
97:Ernest Louis
91:
76:
67:
48:
3618:1937 deaths
3613:1868 births
3503:Prince Emil
3404:Reuss-Greiz
3338:Karl Eduard
3150:Grand dukes
3140:Württemberg
2941:Carl Ulrich
2624:(in German)
2313:28 December
2176:28 December
1492:16 May 1892
1417:, 4th Class
1200:, 1st Class
1139:Württemberg
1063:Mecklenburg
792:World War I
575:haemophilia
453:Unnamed boy
136:Predecessor
62:introducing
3703:Pretenders
3607:Categories
3393:Reuss-Gera
3378:Leopold IV
3136:Wilhelm II
3100:Ludwig III
3082:Wilhelm II
3057:Wilhelm II
2987:1918–1937
2935:1892–1918
2922:grand duke
2891:1892–1918
2766:, London,
2529:8 December
2485:8 December
2308:www.rct.uk
2171:www.rct.uk
2041:8 December
2015:References
1325:Montenegro
808:Bolsheviks
582:diphtheria
505:Early life
258:;
173:New Palace
166:1868-11-25
45:references
3437:Friedrich
3306:Brunswick
3241:Oldenburg
2200:, p. 64,
2143:The Times
1480:(civil),
1081:Oldenburg
1017:Brunswick
832:Rosenhöhe
703:Darmstadt
687:Darmstadt
654:Elisabeth
604:Marriages
590:Elisabeth
586:Darmstadt
539:Alexandra
493:(German:
222:, Germany
220:Darmstadt
203:, Hesse,
177:Darmstadt
146:Successor
70:June 2020
3411:Adolf II
3320:Ernst II
2914:Louis IV
2880:Louis IV
2712:Archived
2582:New York
2204:, 1991,
1513:Ancestry
1249:Bulgaria
816:abdicate
421:Children
346:German:
140:Louis IV
3104:Bavaria
3086:Prussia
3041:Emperor
2822:at the
2813:of the
2809:in the
2628:22 June
1344:Romania
1161:Prussia
995:Bavaria
877:Honours
790:During
298:
286:
282:
268:
248:
244:
228:Spouses
58:improve
3288:Anhalt
3122:Saxony
2895:Vacant
2862:
2792:p. 415
2790:Shaw,
2778:Shaw,
2768:p. 212
2647:pp. 63
2588:
2442:
2415:
2390:
2361:
2336:
2208:
2105:
2078:
1468:
1445:
1363:Russia
1360:
1341:
1322:
1281:
1266:Greece
1246:
1158:
1136:
1117:Saxony
1114:
1096:
1078:
1014:
992:
955:
941:Anhalt
838:Legacy
679:, her
380:Mother
370:Father
292:
262:
254:
211:Burial
201:Langen
112:, 1905
47:, but
3382:Lippe
3269:Dukes
3187:Hesse
3169:Baden
3067:Kings
2864:Died:
2857:Born:
2780:p. 69
2517:(PDF)
2473:(PDF)
1448:Spain
1284:Italy
958:Baden
858:Uncle
853:Nando
822:Death
359:House
337:Names
306:Issue
296:)
288:(
284:
266:)
250:(
246:
125:Reign
2630:2020
2586:ISBN
2531:2008
2487:2008
2440:ISBN
2413:ISBN
2388:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2315:2022
2250:See
2206:ISBN
2178:2022
2103:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2043:2008
1964:15.
1906:14.
1844:13.
1786:12.
1722:11.
1664:10.
1430:Siam
1235:1893
1147:1893
1126:1892
1004:1892
979:1888
969:1888
631:Alix
557:and
533:and
525:and
294:1905
264:1901
260:div.
256:1894
187:Died
160:Born
3439:of
3424:of
3413:of
3402:of
3391:of
3380:of
3358:of
3340:of
3322:of
3304:of
3286:of
3257:of
3239:of
3221:of
3203:of
3185:of
3167:of
3138:of
3120:of
3102:of
3084:of
2920:as
2815:ZBW
1932:7.
1870:3.
1812:6.
1748:1.
1690:5.
1628:2.
1602:9.
1570:4.
1544:8.
685:at
3609::
2762:,
2735:54
2651:77
2649:,
2620:.
2580:.
2519:.
2475:.
2306:.
2225:^
2196:.
2186:^
2169:.
2031:.
1501:,
1490:,
1474::
1455:,
1451::
1432::
1390:,
1381:,
1372:,
1366::
1347::
1307::
1287::
1268::
1252::
1233:,
1164::
1145:,
1141::
1124:,
1120::
1101::
1083::
1065::
1002:,
998::
977:,
967:,
960::
925:,
901::
818:.
693:.
621:,
565:.
553:,
290:m.
252:m.
218:,
199:,
179:,
175:,
3476:e
3469:t
3462:v
3428:-
3024:e
3017:t
3010:v
2764:I
2737:.
2682:4
2632:.
2594:.
2533:.
2489:.
2448:.
2421:.
2396:.
2367:.
2342:.
2317:.
2180:.
2111:.
2084:.
2045:.
786:.
517:.
479:e
472:t
465:v
168:)
164:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
