820:
the lion's share of
Altenburg inheritance, on basis of Duke John Philip's testament (as it was ultimately recognized that the Salic law does not prevent an agnate to will all his possessions to those other agnates of the house he desires to make his heirs, leaving other agnates without; and if those favored agnates also happened to be the testator's son-in-law and maternal grandsons, that is in no way prohibited), but a portion (one-fourth of the original Altenburg moiety) passed to the Saxe-Weimar branch. These two lines: Weimar and Gotha(-Altenburg) form the basis of future Ernestine lines, and both have surviving male lineage up to today. After the division of the inheritance of the first Altenburg line, the senior, Weimar, line held somewhat less than half of the Ernestine lands, and the junior, Gotha-Altenburg, line held more than half. Gotha-Altenburg line subdivided more and Weimar line not so much, and ultimately all the said Weimar line's possessions were concentrated in primogenitural hands in 1741 and in 1815 were raised to grand ducal title of Weimar.
327:
828:
342:
1660:
1054:
36:
133:
932:
1465:
920:, the Duke of Saxe-Weimar was also the Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, and had two votes (as well as three-eights of all the Ernestine lands); the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg was also the Duke of Saxe-Gotha (as senior heir of both Duke John Philip and Duke Ernest the Pious), and had two votes; and the Duke of Saxe-Coburg had one vote.
923:
The other
Ernestine duchies were never members of the Imperial Circle, and did not have the right to vote in the Imperial Diet as the five duchies that the other duchies did (for example, the principalities of Meiningen and Hildburghausen were such; that was one reason why Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
819:
and Gotha (1597–1638), the eldest son of
Frederick William I. When Elisabeth Sophie's cousin Frederick William III, Duke of Altenburg, died unmarried 1672, the entire first Altenburg line became extinct in male line, opening a succession strife. Ultimately, Ernest and Elisabeth Sophie's sons received
707:
to resign the
Electorate and the government of his country in favor of Maurice of the Albertine Saxony, and his punishment was changed into imprisonment for life. When the newly minted Elector Maurice, having again changed sides, attacked the Emperor, Duke John Frederick was released from prison, and
823:
Duke Ernest of Gotha and
Duchess Elisabeth Sophie's numerous sons divided the inheritance (five-eighths of all Ernestine lands) initially to seven parts: Gotha-Altenburg, Coburg, Meiningen, Römhild, Eisenberg, Hildburghausen and Saalfeld. Of them, Coburg, Römhild and Eisenberg did not survive past
881:– the youngest line (originally Saalfeld line) receiving the "maternal" seat of Gotha which had been the seat of Ernest the Pious, progenitor of all these seven lines. All of the Ernestine duchies ended with the abolition of the monarchy and princely states in Germany shortly after the end of
793:
the eldest. Two more died within fifteen years, including
Bernhard in 1639, without heirs. In 1638, the senior Coburg-Eisenach line became extinct and its possessions were divided between the Altenburgs and the Weimars, this doubled the Saxe-Weimar possessions and made it again feasible to be
1346:
after the
Bulgarian line. If the equality of marriage is also ignored, this adds a further nine Britons before the Bulgarians and six Belgians after them to the list of Wettins. The most beneficial interpretations give the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line 33 living non-morganatic agnates and the most
635:. Leipzig, the economic center of Saxony, as well as the seat of the only university in Saxony, was located in Albertine Saxony. Wanting a university in his lands, for example, to educate civil servants and pastors, Frederick founded the University of Wittenberg in 1502. It was there that
294:. The name Saxony was then generally applied to all of the Wettin's domains, including those in Thuringia, because Saxony was a ducal title, the highest they possessed, and all house members used it, although many of them held lands only in Thuringia. Frederick I was succeeded by his son,
690:
of
Albertine Saxony (Meissen), invaded Ernestine Saxony. John Frederick hurried back to Saxony, expelled Maurice from the Ernestine lands, conquered Albertine Saxony and proceeded to invade Bohemia (held directly by Emperor Charles V's brother Ferdinand and that latter's wife
685:
Charles eventually came to terms with France, and turned his attention to the
Protestant lands of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1546 the Schmalkaldic League raised an army. Elector John Frederick led the league's troops south, but shortly thereafter John Frederick's cousin,
1326:
renounced their German titles in 1917 and 1920 respectively. Although whether this actually removed them from all
Ernestine successions has been debated. All the surviving agnatic lines however include marriages that are (at least highly likely) morganatic.
1221:(b. 15 November 1946). This line is also likely to go extinct soon as Michael only has a daughter and the only other male is his cousin Prince Wilhelm Ernst (b. 10 August 1946), whose son died childless in 2018. These two represent the last non-
1129:
were the only remaining duchies (Weimar-Eisenach was the merger of the personal union of Weimar and Eisenach into one title since 1809, being raised to a Grand Duchy in 1815, and officially Grand Duchy of Saxony since 1903) at the time of the
719:
The three sons of John Frederick I shared the territory, with John Frederick II becoming head (and briefly, 1554–1556, holding the electoral title) with his seats in Eisenach and Coburg, the middle brother John William staying in Weimar
699:(1547). John Frederick was wounded and taken prisoner. The Emperor condemned him to death as a rebel, but stayed the execution because he did not want to take the time to capture Wittenberg, defended by John Frederick's wife
210:. Brothers sometimes ruled the territory inherited from their father jointly, but sometimes they split it up. Some of the Ernestine duchies retained their separate existence until 1918. Similar practices in the houses of
728:). When John Frederick III of Gotha died unmarried and heirless in 1565, John William of Weimar tried to claim succession to Saxe-Gotha, but the sons of the imprisoned John Frederick II entered their own claim.
835:
The Ernestine territories in Thuringia were thus divided and recombined many times as Dukes left more than one son to inherit, and as various lines of the Ducal Ernestines died out in male line. Eventually,
868:
of the United Kingdom. The patrimony of Gotha-Altenburg was divided between the other three lines stemming from Ernest the Pious and Elisabeth Sophie, causing changes in nomenclature: onwards, they were
840:
became the rule for inheritance in the Ernestine duchies, but not before the number of Ernestine duchies had risen to ten at one point. By 1826 the remaining Ernestine duchies were the Grand Duchy of
1367:
313:, the brothers split the Wettin possessions, with Ernest receiving northern Meissen, southern Thuringia, and Wittenberg, and Albert receiving northern Thuringia and southern Meissen.
1319:
326:
1694:
1206:
1230:
1281:
583:
724:), and the youngest, John Frederick III (namesake of the eldest brother, which has caused much confusion in history writing) establishing residence in Gotha (
575:
1497:
1256:
In the very likely event of the extinction of these two senior branches, the sole representation of the Ernestine Wettins will pass to the descendants of
747:
to Saxe-Weimar. When John William died a year later, his older son, Frederick William I received Altenburg, Gotha and Meiningen with the title of Duke of
917:
1299:
1265:
504:
1218:
179:
816:
563:
450:
317:
1445:
1257:
860:. In 1826, Ernest the Pious' senior line of Gotha-Altenburg became extinct. The daughter of its penultimate duke had been married with the
789:
died in action (1626) unmarried, two more of his brothers were already deceased without children, leaving five dukes of Saxe-Weimar, with
341:
1210:
760:
756:
612:
540:
527:
489:
483:
440:
396:
1131:
1331:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1075:
786:
53:
1413:
1182:
1101:
913:
667:
663:
430:
119:
465:
In 1572 the Ernestine duchies were rearranged and redivided between the two sons of John Frederick II and the son of John William.
1363:
632:
402:
381:
100:
1490:
1246:
295:
72:
1079:
291:
57:
924:
exchanged his patrimony to that of Altenburg). However they were all autonomous and ultimately, with the dissolution of the
827:
801:, the remaining brothers finally divided their patrimony, William remaining in Weimar, Albert (Albrecht) receiving seat as
1166:
1139:
675:
271:
79:
1226:
812:
790:
778:
593:
1469:
674:, who died childless. John Frederick increasingly hardened his support of the Lutheran Reformation, while the Emperor,
1684:
1335:
1292:
692:
1064:
767:, but were appointed a legal guardian because they were minors. In 1596 the brothers agreed to split the duchy into
1699:
1679:
1483:
704:
687:
619:
After the death of John Ernest without heirs, his principality was divided between Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Altenburg.
347:
306:
218:
led to all of Thuringia becoming a tangle of small states from the late 15th century until the early 20th century.
86:
1083:
1068:
46:
1155:
666:. For the first ten years of his reign, John Frederick shared the rule of Ernestine Saxony with his stepbrother,
375:
332:
302:
251:
1287:
Prince Andreas has two sons and a grandson. The line of succession is usually presumed to then go to the former
1689:
1659:
1288:
68:
1190:
782:
678:, avoided direct confrontation with the Protestant princes, as he needed their support in his struggle with
647:
387:
231:
643:
for trial. Frederick, like other German princes, allowed Lutheran reforms to be implemented in his domain.
1339:
1277:
1151:
865:
283:
247:
1646:
1475:
1261:
1118:
970:
878:
206:
that divided inheritances among all sons. In addition, every son of a Saxon duke inherited the title of
844:(approximately three-eighths of all the Ernestine lands), and the ("Elisabeth-Sophie-line") duchies of
696:
802:
785:, the youngest, the famed general) and a will ordering them to rule jointly. When the eldest of them,
1638:
1630:
1566:
1526:
1451:
1343:
1143:
1114:
1036:
988:
958:
952:
857:
841:
764:
215:
861:
1598:
1351:
1323:
1273:
1222:
994:
853:
651:
267:
889:
695:). Charles' forces drove the Schmalkaldic League troops back and decisively defeated them in the
1419:
1306:
renounced his rights to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (but only to that duchy) to avert an undesirable
763:(died heirless 1638), the younger son of John Frederick II, received together the territory of
93:
1409:
1379:
925:
700:
659:
310:
1355:
1311:
1269:
534:
After the death of John Casimir without heirs, the inheritance fell to his younger brother.
511:
After Frederick William's death, the land was split between his young sons and his brother.
1135:
275:
259:
243:
191:
145:
1606:
1389:
1018:
732:
178:
were also "Saxon duchies" and adjacent to several Ernestine ones), were a group of small
1622:
1590:
1550:
1448:(originally retrieved December 13, 2005, found using Wayback machine November 27, 2006)
1439:
1307:
1238:
1214:
1126:
1122:
1012:
964:
940:
874:
870:
849:
748:
263:
255:
211:
203:
1673:
1614:
1574:
1542:
1174:
1024:
1006:
976:
837:
806:
772:
636:
320:
will reveal many of the different strands of the ducal house and their possessions.
202:
The Saxon duchy began fragmenting in the 15th century as a result of the old German
1359:
1194:
1186:
1178:
740:
1347:
restrictive gives it only five, who were born in 1937, 1943, 1975, 1977 and 2015.
17:
1534:
1518:
1053:
1030:
946:
882:
768:
752:
721:
671:
167:
35:
1425:
1291:(b. 16 June 1937), who has three sons and seven grandsons, but his marriage to
639:
posted his 95 Theses. Frederick protected Luther, refusing to extradite him to
270:. When the last duke of Saxe-Wittenberg died without heir in 1422, the Emperor
1558:
1303:
982:
864:
and Saalfeld, and the couple had two sons – the younger of whom was to become
845:
725:
655:
239:
824:
that one generation and were apportioned between the four persevering lines.
716:(to replace the one in Wittenberg lost to Maurice) before his death in 1554.
1582:
1384:
1170:
1159:
1000:
744:
736:
287:
235:
187:
171:
132:
931:
1464:
1181:
administered northern Bavaria. Between 1945 and 1990 Thuringia was in the
751:, and with his several sons founding the first Saxe-Altenburg line, while
309:, the younger son, shared governance of the Wettin lands. In 1485, by the
1315:
805:
and Ernest (by-named "the Pious") also got his share and became known as
279:
163:
1354:
are not considered among the Ernestine Wettins at all due to both their
1314:(whose original male line includes only the descendants of Edward's son
708:
given back the Landgraviate of Thuringia. He established his capital in
1147:
183:
1237:(b. 14 April 1952), who is the sole non-morganatic male member of the
234:(1106–1170), inherited parts of the old Saxon duchy, primarily around
1165:
This reorganisation has remained to the present day, although it was
709:
679:
227:
262:
with definite effect of 1296. Saxe-Wittenberg was recognized as the
242:, in 1180. He had two sons, Albert and Henry. Albert inherited the
182:
whose number varied, which were largely located in the present-day
1404:
John B. Freed. 1988. Saxony, in Strayer, Joseph R., Ed. in Chief.
1134:. Their legal privileges and status as Dukes were abolished under
930:
826:
175:
912:
Membership in the Circle gave the ruler of a state a vote in the
781:(or John II), died young leaving eight surviving sons (including
713:
640:
411:
In 1554, John Frederick I split the duchy among his three sons.
207:
1479:
1047:
759:(died heirless 1633), the older son of John Frederick II, and
578:, 1603–1669 (sole ruler from 1639), son of Frederick William I
29:
646:
Frederick III died in 1525; he was succeeded by his brother,
498:
In 1596 the brothers agreed to split the lands between them.
1150:. The other four states were merged on 1 May 1920 alongside
815:(1601–1675) had married Elisabeth Sophie, the only child of
631:
Elector Ernest died in 1486, and was succeeded by his son,
301:
After the death of Frederick II in 1464, his oldest son,
1330:
If only all the renounciations are ignored this adds
364:
703:. To save his life, John Frederick conceded in the
572:
John William, 1603–1632, son of Frederick William I
356:
Detailed history of divisions in the Ernestine line
254:, who gradually divided Saxony into the duchies of
190:and governed by dukes of the Ernestine line of the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1142:by splitting Gotha and Coburg. On 1 July 1920 the
888:Five of the Ernestine duchies were members of the
246:. In 1260 Albert bequeathed the duchy to his sons
1207:Georg Moritz, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Altenburg
662:. John died in 1532 and was succeeded by his son
1229:. The remaining four males in this line are the
928:on 6 August 1806, that issue became irrelevant.
731:The contenders reached agreement in 1572 in the
569:Frederick, 1603–1625, son of Frederick William I
1408:, Vol. 10. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
1491:
1446:Chart showing succession of Ernestine duchies
1249:. They are the only remaining descendants of
943:(1603 to 1672; 1826 to 1918; extinct in 1991)
935:The Ernestine Duchies in Thuringia after 1825
831:Mid-18th century map of the Ernestine duchies
735:by which John William added the districts of
8:
1138:and remain so. The four duchies became five
157:
1082:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1695:Former states and territories of Thuringia
1498:
1484:
1476:
979:(1596 to 1638; 1640 to 1644; 1672 to 1809)
399:, 1532–1554 (alone from 1542), son of John
1140:constituent states of the Weimar Republic
1102:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1362:was likely a morganatic daughter due to
1300:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1284:are also ancestors to morganatic lines.
1266:Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
586:, 1669–1672, son of Frederick William II
131:
1219:Michael, Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
566:, 1603–1639, son of Frederick William I
322:
817:Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
650:(1525–1532). John was a leader in the
417:Duke of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg
318:list of members of the House of Wettin
305:, became elector, and Ernest and Duke
274:gave the duchy to Frederick IV of the
1258:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1167:de facto nonexistent during Nazi Rule
877:(the former Hildburghausen line) and
605:
557:
537:
524:
501:
492:, 1572–1596, son of John Frederick II
486:, 1572–1596, son of John Frederick II
7:
1432:. Retrieved December 12, 2005, from
1080:adding citations to reliable sources
453:, 1554–1565, son of John Frederick I
443:, 1554–1573, son of John Frederick I
433:, 1554–1556, son of John Frederick I
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1509:after the Division of Erfurt (1572)
1211:Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
1452:The Ernestine Line's Saxon Duchies
1251:Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
1233:. The situation is even worse for
1217:went extinct. His claim passed to
787:John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
25:
1546:(1596–1638, 1640–1644, 1672–1806)
918:1792 session of the Imperial Diet
755:went to the younger son John II.
290:of Thuringia, who thereby became
1658:
1463:
1282:Ludwig Frederick Emil von Coburg
1235:Konrad, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen
1177:administered the Free State and
1052:
596:, 1602–1605, son of John William
507:, 1572–1602, son of John William
397:John Frederick I the Magnanimous
378:, 1464–1486, son of Frederick II
340:
325:
34:
27:Set of related states in Germany
45:needs additional citations for
1209:died and with him the line of
779:Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
712:, and started a university at
603:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
470:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
292:Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
136:Coat of arms of the Ernestines
1:
1442:(retrieved December 13, 2005)
1406:Dictionary of the Middle Ages
795:
1422:(accessed December 13, 2005)
1227:William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
1173:system was used instead and
1044:Ernestine Duchies since 1918
949:(1596 to 1633; 1681 to 1699)
813:Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
1420:Ernestine Saxony, 1485(1547
693:Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
222:Before the Ernestine branch
1716:
1390:Division of Erfurt in 1572
1298:When it became clear that
1289:Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria
1245:are morganatic as are the
892:of the Holy Roman Empire:
705:Capitulation of Wittenberg
464:
459:
390:, 1525–1532, son of Ernest
384:, 1486–1525, son of Ernest
372:
367:
1656:
1514:
1280:. Francis and his nephew
1189:while Bavaria was in the
1156:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
1136:the new republican regime
1132:German Revolution of 1918
609:
602:
590:
552:
549:
519:
516:
477:
472:
469:
447:
437:
427:
422:
419:
416:
333:Ernest, Elector of Saxony
162:, although the Albertine
150:Ernestinische Herzogtümer
1295:is possibly morganatic.
1293:a daughter of a Marquess
1278:Royal Family of Bulgaria
1268:(b. 21 March 1943), the
1191:American Occupation zone
550:Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg
405:, 1532–1542, son of John
1434:Encyclopædia Britannica
1430:Encyclopædia Britannica
1324:Royal Family of Belgium
1274:Royal Family of Belgium
1160:Free State of Thuringia
783:Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar
520:Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach
1554:(1603–1672, 1826–1918)
1538:(1596–1633, 1681–1699)
1530:(1572–1596, 1633-1638)
1366:being the daughter of
1260:, who are the present
1243:nephew and grandnephew
1183:Soviet Occupation zone
1152:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
936:
866:Albert, Prince Consort
832:
382:Frederick III the Wise
348:Albert, Duke of Saxony
159:Sächsische Herzogtümer
158:
149:
137:
1647:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1342:before Simeon II and
1302:would die childless,
1231:Barons of Heygendorff
1148:Free State of Bavaria
934:
879:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
830:
584:Frederick William III
553:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar
517:Dukes of Saxe-Coburg
473:Dukes of Saxe-Weimar
152:), also known as the
135:
1639:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1631:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1567:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
1527:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
1472:at Wikimedia Commons
1440:House Laws of Anhalt
1352:Mountbatten-Windsors
1344:Albert II of Belgium
1205:On 13 February 1991
1146:was joined into the
1144:Free State of Coburg
1115:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1076:improve this section
1037:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
989:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
959:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
953:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
858:Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
842:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
765:Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach
670:, titularly Duke of
576:Frederick William II
420:Duke of Saxe-Weimar
54:improve this article
1599:Saxe-Hildburghausen
1247:Barons von Saalfeld
1241:and unmarried. His
1201:Surviving Claimants
995:Saxe-Hildburghausen
854:Saxe-Hildburghausen
652:Schmalkaldic League
460:Division of Erfurt
423:Duke of Saxe-Gotha
368:Electors of Saxony
268:Golden Bull of 1356
69:"Ernestine duchies"
1685:Upper Saxon Circle
1262:Saxe-Coburg-Gothas
937:
890:Upper Saxon Circle
833:
733:Division of Erfurt
697:Battle of Mühlberg
648:John the Steadfast
633:Frederick the Wise
451:John Frederick III
388:John the Steadfast
311:Leipziger division
230:, youngest son of
226:Count Bernhard of
138:
1700:History of Saxony
1680:Ernestine duchies
1667:
1666:
1651:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1507:Ernestine duchies
1470:Ernestine duchies
1468:Media related to
1380:History of Saxony
1119:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1112:
1111:
1104:
971:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
926:Holy Roman Empire
873:-Hildburghausen,
701:Sybille of Cleves
660:Holy Roman Empire
624:
623:
505:Frederick William
431:John Frederick II
266:of Saxony in the
232:Albert "the Bear"
142:Ernestine duchies
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Ernestine Duchies
16:(Redirected from
1707:
1662:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1467:
1436:Premium Service.
1394:
1356:cognatic descent
1312:House of Windsor
1270:House of Windsor
1107:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1056:
1048:
803:Duke of Eisenach
800:
797:
664:John Frederick I
365:
344:
329:
161:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1690:House of Wettin
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1510:
1504:
1460:
1401:
1392:
1376:
1239:Saxe-Meiningens
1225:descendants of
1203:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1073:
1057:
1046:
798:
658:princes in the
629:
363:
358:
351:
345:
336:
330:
316:A study of the
276:house of Wettin
260:Saxe-Wittenberg
244:Duchy of Saxony
224:
200:
192:House of Wettin
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1713:
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1697:
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1682:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1623:Saxe-Meiningen
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1591:Saxe-Eisenberg
1588:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1551:Saxe-Altenburg
1548:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1459:
1458:External links
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1426:Wettin Dynasty
1423:
1417:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1340:Prince Michael
1332:Prince Richard
1308:personal union
1215:Saxe-Altenburg
1202:
1199:
1127:Saxe-Altenburg
1123:Saxe-Meiningen
1110:
1109:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:(1809 to 1918)
1034:
1033:(1572 to 1809)
1028:
1027:(1680 to 1735)
1022:
1021:(1680 to 1710)
1016:
1015:(1681 to 1918)
1013:Saxe-Meiningen
1010:
1009:(1662 to 1672)
1004:
1003:(1672 to 1690)
998:
997:(1680 to 1826)
992:
991:(1681 to 1826)
986:
985:(1640 to 1680)
980:
974:
973:(1826 to 1918)
968:
967:(1680 to 1707)
965:Saxe-Eisenberg
962:
961:(1735 to 1826)
956:
955:(1572 to 1596)
950:
944:
941:Saxe-Altenburg
910:
909:
908:Saxe-Altenburg
906:
903:
900:
897:
875:Saxe-Altenburg
871:Saxe-Meiningen
862:Duke of Coburg
850:Saxe-Meiningen
749:Saxe-Altenburg
628:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
607:
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379:
370:
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362:
359:
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346:
339:
337:
331:
324:
256:Saxe-Lauenburg
223:
220:
204:succession law
199:
196:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1661:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1615:Saxe-Saalfeld
1613:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1575:Saxe-Marksuhl
1573:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1543:Saxe-Eisenach
1541:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1494:
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1471:
1466:
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1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:0-684-18276-9
1411:
1407:
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1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:and the fact
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Prince Edward
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:26 April 1943
1317:
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1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Gau Thuringia
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1103:
1095:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:This section
1059:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:Saxe-Saalfeld
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:Saxe-Marksuhl
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
977:Saxe-Eisenach
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
933:
929:
927:
921:
919:
915:
914:Imperial Diet
907:
904:
901:
899:Saxe-Eisenach
898:
895:
894:
893:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:primogeniture
829:
825:
821:
818:
814:
810:
808:
807:Duke of Gotha
804:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
774:
773:Saxe-Eisenach
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
717:
715:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
637:Martin Luther
634:
626:
620:
614:
611:
610:
608:
601:
595:
592:
591:
585:
582:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
561:
559:
558:
556:
548:
542:
539:
538:
535:
529:
526:
525:
523:
515:
512:
506:
503:
502:
499:
491:
488:
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481:
479:
478:
476:
468:
463:
458:
452:
449:
448:
442:
439:
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432:
429:
428:
426:
415:
412:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:
392:
389:
386:
383:
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377:
374:
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371:
366:
360:
355:
349:
343:
338:
334:
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314:
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308:
304:
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297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
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241:
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209:
205:
197:
195:
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189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
155:
154:Saxon duchies
151:
147:
143:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1607:Saxe-Römhild
1506:
1433:
1429:
1405:
1360:Elizabeth II
1349:
1329:
1297:
1286:
1255:
1204:
1195:West Germany
1187:East Germany
1179:Gau Bayreuth
1164:
1113:
1098:
1089:
1074:Please help
1062:
1019:Saxe-Römhild
922:
911:
887:
848:-Altenburg,
834:
822:
811:
794:divided. In
777:
757:John Casimir
730:
718:
688:Duke Maurice
684:
645:
630:
618:
533:
528:John Casimir
510:
497:
484:John Casimir
441:John William
410:
315:
300:
296:Frederick II
225:
201:
153:
141:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1650:(1826–1918)
1642:(1806–1918)
1634:(1735–1826)
1626:(1681–1918)
1618:(1680–1735)
1610:(1680–1710)
1602:(1680–1826)
1594:(1680–1707)
1586:(1672–1690)
1578:(1662–1672)
1570:(1681–1826)
1562:(1640–1680)
1535:Saxe-Coburg
1522:(1572–1806)
1519:Saxe-Weimar
1393:(in German)
1169:, when the
1031:Saxe-Weimar
947:Saxe-Coburg
902:Saxe-Coburg
896:Saxe-Weimar
883:World War I
799: 1640
769:Saxe-Coburg
761:John Ernest
753:Saxe-Weimar
722:Saxe-Weimar
672:Saxe-Coburg
668:John Ernest
615:, 1633–1638
613:John Ernest
564:John Philip
560:Co-rulers:
543:, 1596–1633
541:John Ernest
530:, 1596–1633
490:John Ernest
480:Co-rulers:
403:John Ernest
393:Co-rulers:
350:(1443–1500)
335:(1441–1486)
216:Schwarzburg
168:Weissenfels
166:duchies of
1674:Categories
1559:Saxe-Gotha
1428:. (2005).
1399:References
1364:her mother
1322:) and the
1304:Edward VII
1223:morganatic
983:Saxe-Gotha
905:Saxe-Gotha
846:Saxe-Gotha
726:Saxe-Gotha
656:Protestant
264:electorate
240:Wittenberg
80:newspapers
1583:Saxe-Jena
1385:Thuringia
1193:and then
1185:and then
1171:Reichsgau
1158:into the
1092:July 2022
1063:does not
1001:Saxe-Jena
916:. In the
745:Meiningen
737:Altenburg
676:Charles V
288:Landgrave
272:Sigismund
252:Albert II
236:Lauenburg
188:Thuringia
186:state of
172:Merseburg
1374:See also
1316:George V
1276:and the
280:Margrave
198:Overview
164:appanage
110:May 2016
1368:an earl
1264:led by
1084:removed
1069:sources
791:Wilhelm
627:History
594:John II
284:Meissen
94:scholar
1412:
1318:since
1310:. The
1272:, the
1125:, and
710:Weimar
680:France
376:Ernest
307:Albert
303:Ernest
248:John I
228:Anhalt
184:German
180:states
146:German
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
741:Gotha
361:Table
212:Reuss
176:Zeitz
101:JSTOR
87:books
1410:ISBN
1350:The
1338:and
1213:and
1154:and
1067:any
1065:cite
856:and
771:and
743:and
714:Jena
641:Rome
286:and
258:and
250:and
238:and
214:and
208:duke
174:and
140:The
73:news
1078:by
654:of
282:of
56:by
1676::
1370:.
1334:,
1253:.
1197:.
1162:.
1121:,
1117:,
885:.
852:,
809:.
796:c.
775:.
739:,
682:.
298:.
278:,
194:.
170:,
148::
1499:e
1492:t
1485:v
1416:.
1105:)
1099:(
1094:)
1090:(
1086:.
1072:.
720:(
156:(
144:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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