735:, which even today is the classic view of the church. As in the earlier churches, the westwork is only a little wider than the aisles of the nave. From the outside, the westwork appears as an almost square central tower crowned by an octagonal belfry with a pyramidal roof. At the west end there were two octagonal side towers, containing staircases to the belfry, which reached to just below the bell story of the belfry. The bell story of the central tower and the uppermost stories of the side towers have arched windows. Two story side rooms with arched windows on the upper floor are attached to the north and south sides of the central tower. On the ground floor of these side rooms, doors set in niches lead into the church – the central entrance of the earlier church was abandoned and a large, round-arched window installed in its place. With that, the westwork ceased to operate as a processional entrance to the church. Instead, the squat structure offered an optical counterpoint to the massive east part of the building.
948:. In less than an hour, 137,000 incendiary bombs and 1,100 explosive bombs were dropped on the central city. The Minster caught fire and suffered heavy damage – the oldest parts of the building, the westwork and the crypt were less heavily damaged. The decision to rebuild was made unanimously in the first meeting of the city council organised by them after the city's occupation by allied troops, under the communist mayor Heinz Renner. The war damage also enabled extensive archaeological excavations to be carried out in the church by Walter Zimmermann. These provided a large amount of information about the predecessors of the modern church and about the burials in the church.
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crypt. The entrance to the inner crypt was from east side of the side choir, through which one passed into the outer crypt. The outer crypt had square and elongated rectangular vaults, separated by delicate square pillars. The three central vaults in the east were especially accentuated. Along the east wall in the two side vaults were semicircular niches. In the central vault was a small choir with three niches. The engaged pillars of the east wall of the outer pillar have sandstone plates on which 9 September 1051 is given as the date of the crypt's consecration. There are relics in the altars of the crypt.
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477:. The Minster and all its property was immediately taken over by the parish community of St. Johann Baptist. For the next 150 years the church was their parish church. The name Minster church, which had become established, was retained even though the order no longer existed. As parish church, it served the Catholics of Essen's inner city area which significantly increased in population in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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655:, which were open to the transepts and the main choir. the outer walls of the ends of the transepts were made two stories high, with the upstairs portion composed of three niches with windows. On the ground floor were niches, and the pattern of niches continued on the side walls. A walkway ran along the walls above these niches, leading to the
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848:'s claims to authority and the nuns wished to express their integrity and independence through the form of their building. Two architects worked alongside each other on the rebuild, of which the first, a Master Martin, quit in 1305 because of disputes with Abbess Beatrix von Holte. Master Martin, who was a church builder from
908:. The steep roofs of the westwork were replaced with baroque onion domes and the bell story received a clock. In the interior a large part of the old interior decoration was removed and replaced, so that only a few pieces of the gothic decoration have survived, which are no longer in their proper context.
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The auxiliary organ is located in the west part of the cathedral. It has three manual divisions with ten stops and a pedal division with two stops, and has a significant role in producing sound in the rear region of the
Cathedral. Its high pressure and bombard stops are for special solo effects. The
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or belonged to the order, mostly joined the revolution, but the
Abbesses and Canons of the order (and therefore the church buildings) remained Catholic. The Protestant burgers of the city took over St Gertrude's Church, the present-day Market Church, which was not connected to the Abbey's buildings,
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which has been divided in half. No similar structure is known. There is a west choir in the central room in the shape of a half-hexagon, surrounded by a passageway. A flat niche is located in the middle of the west wall, with the entrances to the two side towers in flat niches on either side of it.
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Several dedicatory inscriptions for parts of the new church survive from the years 960 to 964, from which it can be concluded that the fire of 946 had only damaged the church. No inscriptions survive for the nave and choir, which were probably retained from the earlier church. The individual stages
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was able to effect its gothicisation. The baroque interior decoration was also removed; a side altar is now employed as the high altar of the adoration church of St. Johann
Baptist in front of the Minster. Some saint statues are found there, others in the Cathedral Treasury Chamber. The decoration
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The modern Essen
Minster is the third church building on this site. Foundation walls of its predecessors were excavated in 1952 by Walter Zimmermann. The first church on this site was erected by the founders of Essen Abbey, Bishop Altfrid and Gerswid, according to tradition the first abbess of the
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Through the installation of the crypt, the floor of the main (east) choir was raised above the floor level of the nave and transepts. The side choirs remained on the same level as the nave and transepts. The crypt consists of the three aisled crypt of Agana, an inner crypt, and a five-sided outer
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The original, shallow roofs of the octagon and the side towers were replaced with steeper caps; the side towers were also raised by a story. The Gothic church gained a tower above the crossing. The cloister was also expanded. The whole new building was consecrated on the 8th of July, probably of
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The rebuilding was begun in 1951 and proceeded apace. By 1952 the westwerk and the nave were usable once more and the rest of the church was rebuilt by 1958. Even the northside of the cloisters, which had collapsed in the nineteenth century, was repaired. The neo-gothic flèche from the previous
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As a result of the baroquification of the eighteenth century, the re-gothificisation of the nineteenth century and the war damage of the twentieth century, there are only a few pieces of the earlier fittings of the
Minster, but some remains of great significance do survive. The interior is
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The oldest surviving fitting in the
Minster is the column in the choir, which now supports a modern crucifix. Until the fifteenth century it supported a cross coated with a gilt copper sheet, from which the donation plate and probably other remains in the Cathedral treasury were made. The
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In the centre of the westwork the monumental seven-arm candelabrum now stands, which the Abbess
Mathilde had made between 973 and 1011. The candelabrum, 2.26 metres high with a span of 1.88 metres is composed of 46 individual cast bronze pieces. The candelabrum symbolises the unity of the
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Because of war damage, the
Minster has no medieval windows. But among the modern artworks Essen Cathedral Chapter commissioned during the rebuild, were new windows for the church and modern sacral art, which was to be in harmony with the older elements of the building. The window of
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of construction are uncertain; some parts could have been begun or even completed before the fire. Taking advantage of necessary renovations to expand the church enclosure was not unusual. The new parts, presumably built at the order of the abbesses Agana and
Hathwig, were an outer
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in their construction, which also has the use of the octagon as a belfry in common. On the ground floor there are three arches divided by hexagonal pillars. There are two levels of arch openings of the upper level in colonnades, with recycled ancient capitals on the columns.
1147:, dates from the period of the abbess Mathilde and depicts Mary as a heavenly queen, holding power over the Earth on behalf of her son. The figure, which was originally carried in processions, was probably placed in Essen because of Mathilde's relationship to the
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and the hub of abbey life. The church was neither a parish church, nor a cathedral church, but primarily served the nuns of the abbey. Its position was therefore comparable to a convent church, but a more worldly version, since the nuns at Essen did not obey the
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is the largest of the bells. It bears a longer inscription saying that it was cast in 1546. The bell was cast in Essen itself, in the modern
Burgplatz. The third bell in the westwork lacks an inscription, but its shape marks it as fourteenth-century.
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The sandstone sculptural group, called the "Entombment of Christ" (Grablegung Christi) in the southern side chapel is from the late Gothic period. The unknown Cologne Master who created it in the first quarter of the sixteenth century is known by the
651:, which was encased within a half decagon. A two-story outer crypt was connected to the choir, the west walls of which formed the east walls of the side choirs. Towers next to the altar room gave direct access to the crypt. The near choirs contained
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In 1880 the fashionable view of the gothic as the uniquely German architectural style reached Essen and the baroque additions were undone, as far as possible. The westwork returned to its previous appearance, when Essen architect and art historian
792:, where the order's papers and acts were kept and which also served as the treasury chamber. Underneath it was the open hall, which was closed at a later time and was used for judicial purposes by the court. This building is now part of the
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The expansion of the new Ottonian building was predetermined by its two predecessors. The greater part of the foundations were reused; only in locations where the stresses were increased or the floorplan differed were new foundations laid.
976:. In order to fulfill this wish, a west crypt with an entrance in the old westwork was installed under the atrium between 1981 and 1983 by the cathedral architect Heinz Bohmen and decorated with cast concrete sculpture by
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A short time after the completion of the Ottonian church, the atrium was renovated, probably under Suanhild, the successor of the Abbess Theophanu. In 1471, the atrium was reduced with the renovation and expansion of the
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painted from the half-cupola to the nave. The painting shows the appearance of Jesus to (it has been concluded) the commissioner of the painting, the Abbess Theophanu (whose name is from the Greek for
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comparatively simple, especially in its architecture, whose subtle beauty is overlooked by many visitors because the lustre of the two very important medieval artworks of the Cathedral outshines it.
623:. This building can be reconstructed from archaeological finds and did not have a long existence, because a new church was erected, perhaps under the art loving Abbess Mathilde, but maybe only under
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of her ancestors. The second epitaph is that of the Abbess Anna Salome von Salm-Reifferscheidt, which is attributed to Johann Mauritz Gröninger and is found on the north wall of the organ loft.
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in the tenth century and three in the sixteenth century. The church was open to the dependents of the order and the people of the city of Essen only on the high feast days. Otherwise, the
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century was replaced by a narrower, lightning-proof flèche, completing the modern external appearance of the church. The completely repaired church became the seat of the newly founded
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while the burgers who remained Catholic continued to use the Church of St. Johann Baptist, located in the Abbey complex, as their parish church. The nuns continued to use the Minster.
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The main instrument is located in the choir loft. It has 57 stops in 3 manual divisions and a pedal division, and it has a fourth manual on which the auxiliary organ can be played.
998:, the remains of a canon who had been buried in the atrium in the Middle Ages and discovered during the excavations was buried and in 1991 the cardinal was interred there as well.
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stands at the west end of the minster, connected to the westwork by a short atrium – it was formerly the parish church of the abbey's subjects. To the north of the minster is a
1247:, though exceptionally richly carved for that period. Stylistically it is related to the capitals of the west end and the crypt, as well as those of the Ludgeridan crypt of
1451:, who thereby brought their foundry back to the bell-making tradition, since their foundry had cast the bells of St. Johann Baptist in 1787. These two bells are inscribed
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In 1275, the Ottonian church burnt down, with only the westwork and the crypt surviving. In the rebuild, which occurred in the time of the Abbesses Berta von Arnsberg and
972:, the first bishop, said during his lifetime that he wished to make use of his right to be buried within his cathedral church, but not in the Ottonian crypt with Saint
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The next extension of the church complex was an attachment to the southern transept in the twelfth century. The upper floor of this very large building contained the
1432:, whose bells, cast in 1787, are not tonally matched to the somewhat older bells of the Minster, so that when they ring together there is a slight musical impurity.
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the right to elect the bishop was given to the chapter, alongside their existing duties concerned with liturgical celebrations in the high church, selection of a
1215:(Abbess Ida ordered this cross to be made) allows the creator to be identified with the Essen Abbess Ida, who died in 971, though the sister of Abbess Theophanu,
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in the belfry of the westwork and also in the flèche over the crossing. The ringing of the Minster is expanded tonally by the ringing of the attached church of
785:, which served as the baptismal and parish church of the abbey's subjects. Otherwise the atrium probably retains the form established between 1060 and 1080.
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on the front is 90 metres long. Its width varies between 24 and 31 metres at the transepts at the start of the Cathedral treasury. The height varies also:
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The number of nuns from the nobility which the church served varied over the centuries between about seventy during the order's heyday under the Abbess
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between the westwork and the nave was maintained. The structure of the nave walls is unknown, but reconstructions based on other churches, especially
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of the order occurred in the Minster, as well as prayers for deceased members of the community, the noble sponsors of the order and their ancestors.
880:(begun 1235) was built, which was built over the outer crypt. The successor to Master Martin's name is not known. His design idiom is more strongly
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had no effect on the Minster. The burgers of the city of Essen, who maintained a long-standing dispute with the order about whether the city was a
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There are three large bells in the westwork. The oldest bell was already in place at the end of the thirteenth century. It bears the inscription
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Otmar Vieth, as successor of GĂĽnter Berghaus who went into retirement after heading the Cathedral chapter for eleven years from 1993 to 2004.
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cathedral construction workshops, was responsible for the overall design. This included at first a long choir like that of St Vitus's Church,
2003:
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three manual divisions can be played on the fourth manual of the main console, and each can also be coupled separately to its other manuals.
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449:, which had developed out of the Ottonian baptistry, or the Church of St Gertrude (now the Market Church) served as their place of worship.
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627:(r. 1039–1058). Possibly, a new building was begun under Mathilde and completed under Theophanu. Significant portions survive from the new
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pottery sherds and burials found near the Minster, it can be concluded that a settlement was in place before the foundation of the Abbey.
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with a west-east orientation. Its central and side aisles already approached the width of the later churches on the site. West of the
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The belief that the unknown architect of Essen Abbey church was one of the best architects of his time is based particularly on the
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1279:. This dating is based on the striking similarity of the tomb to saints' graves at Cologne, especially the grave of St. Irmgard in
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From the outside the westwork appears to be composed of three towers, which envelop the west choir, which takes the form of a
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921:, so that little of it now survives. During the renovation of 1880 the church also received its current roofing design and a
1439:(When I sound, I signal that Christ calls from the cross). By its construction it is an early gothic three chime bell. The
987:. In this Adveniat crypt, whose name reflects the fact that Cardinal Hengsbach was a co-founder of the episcopal charity
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The Minster possesses a Cathedral Treasury, which is open to the public. The most important treasure of the church, the
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The flèche holds three more bells, two of which were cast in 1955 by the bell founders Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock of
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351:, around which the city of Essen grew up. The present building, which was reconstructed after its destruction in
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is found on the north wall, east of the side bay and shows the Abbess in her official outfit, surrounded by the
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and the windows on the walls, since remains of wall paintings have been found in the westwork. Outside, the
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The westwork opens toward the double bay through a large arch supported by pillars. An altar dedicated to
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The volume of the Minster is roughly 45,000 mÂł, volume of the masonry is about 10,000 mÂł. The building
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The new building also had three aisles with a transept and a choir shaped like the earlier choirs. A
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with a semicircular end, with the rooms that are accessible from the transepts on either side of it.
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On 10 October 2004, the newly built south side chapel was dedicated to the memory and veneration of
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includes six resident and four non-resident Cathedral capitular vicars under the oversight of the
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1326:. The older, for Abbess Elisabeth von Bergh-s’Heerenberg who died in 1614, contains significant
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The modern building complex with the church of St. Johann Baptist, atrium and complete cloisters
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stands in the west choir in front of this arch. The walls follow the model of the west choir of
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1808:. At present two of the resident positions are vacant and one of the non-resident positions.
1151:. The figure, which is more than a thousand years old, was comprehensively restored in 2004.
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which appears to draw from the new Ottonian church in many aspects, assume an interchange of
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were dashed in the 1920s, a new bishopric was formed in 1958 from parts of the dioceses of
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This first church was destroyed in a fire in 946, which is recorded in the Cologne Annals
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From the foundation of the first church until 1803, Essen Minster was the Abbey church of
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The abbey never grew beyond the limits of the Ottonian church. The transformation into a
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and Essen Minster was made the cathedral. On 1 January 1958 the first Bishop of Essen,
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1405:. The instrument consists of two organs, and has 69 stops altogether (5,102 pipes, 95
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The site of the cathedral was already settled before the foundation of the Abbey. The
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507:. Since then Essen Minster has been the religious heart of the diocese. The visit of
904:. The windows of the south side of the cathedral were widened and lost their gothic
1463:(He who serves God well prays for the Christian souls, Y(ear) of O(ur Lord) 1522).
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868:. Afterwards this concept was given up under the management of Master Martin and a
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535:(r.847-874) is supposed to have founded the order of nuns on his estate, called
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1140:, the patron saint of the diocese, in the world. The 74 cm high figure of
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1316. The 8th of July is celebrated to this day as the Minster's anniversary.
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539:(i.e. Essen). A direct attestation of Asnide has not yet been found. But from
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1459:(Hail Mary, Queen, 1955). The third bell in the flèche bears the inscription
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was inaugurated in 2004. It was built by the renowned organbuilder Rieger of
1358:, those of the nave by Wilhelm Buschulte and the windows of the crypt are by
1307:. Another sculpture from the early sixteenth century is the sculpture of the
884:, but he continued the plan of his predecessor and brought it to completion.
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Der Westbau des Essener Doms. Architektur und Herrschaft in ottonischer Zeit
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and the Earth with its four cardinal points and the idea of Christ as the
856:, as shown by details of his ornamentation, also knew the design idiom of
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426:, the canonical rule for female monastic communities issued in 816 by the
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was now built below the choir. The choir was closed with a semi-circular
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The cemetery of the capitulars is found in the cloisters of the Minster
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Other remarkable items in the Cathedral treasury include the so-called
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324:, the "Diocese of the Ruhr", founded in 1958. The church, dedicated to
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in 1987 marked the high point of the Minster's thousand-year history.
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Since 2005, the Cathedral provost has been the civic dean of Essen,
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carried out a raid on the city of Essen, which was important to the
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doors of the atrium and church as well as the frieze depicting the
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Reform – Reformation -Säkularisation. Frauenstifte in Krisenzeiten
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1275:, which dates to around 1300 and was probably built under Abbess
832:, the architect combined aspects of the old church with the new
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397:, the oldest fully sculptural figure of Mary north of the Alps.
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has also been suggested. The column itself is probably ancient
1819:, advising and supporting the bishop in the government of the
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on the north wall of the Minster, created shortly after 1500.
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On the night of the 5th and 6 March 1943, 442 aircraft of the
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Though the first aspirations of setting up a bishopric of the
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pre-Romanesque building that once stood here. The separate
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WEI GOT WEL DEINEN DEI BIDDE VOR DE KRESTEN SEELEN AN 1522
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Essen und die sächsischen Frauenstifte im Frühmittelalter
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on the website of the Cathedral music department (German)
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on the website of the Cathedral music department (German)
900:. The tower over the crossing was replaced with a narrow
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Reconstruction of the original appearance of the westwork
332:, stands on the Burgplatz in the centre of the city of
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made to replace the baroque pieces fell victim to the
1945:, Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, MĂĽnster 2001,
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order, between 845 and 870. The building was a three
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Glockenmusik der kath. Kirchen im Stadtdekanat Essen
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The column of Ida, behind the Cathedra of the Bishop
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339:The minster was formerly the collegiate church of
103:The Cathedral of Our Lady, St Cosmas and St Damien
1190:in the world, and the Great Carolingian Gospels.
711:Remains of Ottonian wall painting in the westwork
675:. There were probably wall paintings between the
1958:Die Glocken des MĂĽnsters und der Anbetungskirche
1374:in the nave are the work of the Austrian artist
1322:period is represented in Essen Minster by two
1263:In the east crypt there is a limestone gothic
1110:The most important artwork in the church, the
1017:The whole church, together with the church of
1764:Henricus & Everhardus Petit, Aarle-Rixtel
1733:Henricus & Everhardus Petit, Aarle-Rixtel
1702:Henricus & Everhardus Petit, Aarle-Rixtel
719:Ground plan and section plans of the westwork
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1913:Der gotische Neubau der Essener Stiftskirche
1163:, which will lead the believers home at the
755:The westwork was richly decorated, with the
393:), which among other treasures contains the
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1362:. The altar frieze is the work of sculptor
1823:and management of the Cathedral Treasury.
1437:CHRISTUM DE LIGNO CLAMANTEM DUM SONO SIGNO
896:In the eighteenth century, the church was
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1213:ISTAM CRUCEM (I)DA ABBATISSA FIERI IUSSIT
968:made a new expansion necessary. Cardinal
727:View of the westwork's current appearance
389:Essen Minster is noted for its treasury (
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1465:
1023:
691:capitals, probably with twelve windows.
43:This article includes a list of general
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1350:and the windows of the gallery are by
844:– the Essen order had to ward off the
840:was chosen, in complete contrast with
1908:. Fredebeul & Koenen, Essen 1963.
362:, built after 1275 in light-coloured
7:
1924:Die Krypta der Essener Stiftskirche.
1671:Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher
1642:Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher
1330:elements. This plaque made of black
808:Interior view towards the High altar
602:View of the inner crypt of Theophanu
1366:and his student Ronald Hughes. The
1251:and those of St Lucius's Church in
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1455:(Hail Mary, Counselor, 1955) and
1184:Sword of Saints Cosmas and Damian
1779:Bell tower of St. Johann's
1748:Bell tower of St. Johann's
1717:Bell tower of St. Johann's
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1930:. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2003,
683:of the nave had a structure of
248:Cathedral and Collegiate Church
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615:and a narthex and an external
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1526:Derich von Coellen (ascribed)
1305:Master of the Carben Monument
1969:Das Geläut der Münsterkirche
1919:. Klartext Verlag Essen 2004
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465:From 1803 to the present day
447:Church of St. Johann Baptist
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380:Church of St. Johann Baptist
125:Essen Minster, southern side
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1618:
1615:
1589:
1586:
1560:
1557:
1531:
1528:
1176:Childhood Crown of Otto III
567:was a small, almost square
27:Cathedral in Essen, Germany
2050:
1891:(PDF; 1,5 MB, German)
1125:
424:Institutio sanctimonialium
343:, founded in about 845 by
932:War damage and rebuilding
469:In 1803, Essen Abbey was
134:
130:
118:
107:
102:
2016:MĂĽnsterbauverein website
2001:Diocese of Essen website
1453:Ave Maria Trösterin 1955
1259:Altfrid's grave monument
1128:Essen Cathedral Treasury
794:Essen Cathedral Treasury
594:The early Ottonian Abbey
326:Saints Cosmas and Damian
203:Website of the Cathedral
92:Church in Essen, Germany
1993:Essen Cathedral website
1552:End of the 13th century
1401:, which was founded by
1354:, the choir windows by
1235:pedestal and the Attic
1112:Golden Madonna of Essen
1098:roughly 25,000 tonnes.
836:style. The form of the
635:The new Ottonian church
500:was consecrated by the
64:more precise citations.
1817:Diocesan administrator
1797:
1478:Casters & foundry
1457:Ave Maria Königin 1955
1376:Toni Schneider-Manzell
1296:
1271:and founder of Essen,
1203:
1114:
1082:Tower of St. Johann's
874:St. Elizabeth's Church
825:
817:
809:
728:
720:
712:
704:
603:
505:Aloisius Joseph Muench
312:
300:
291:
110:
1795:
1372:Stations of the Cross
1294:
1201:
1109:
846:Archbishop of Cologne
823:
816:Seven-arm candelabrum
815:
807:
726:
718:
710:
702:
601:
374:are survivors of the
317:) is the seat of the
289:
1980:Das MĂĽnster zu Essen
1295:Entombment of Christ
1269:Bishop of Hildesheim
1221:St. Maria im Kapitol
1180:processional crosses
590:(Essen burnt down).
529:Bishop of Hildesheim
349:Bishop of Hildesheim
280:Franz-Josef Overbeck
1978:Walter Zimmermann:
1906:Das Essener MĂĽnster
1864:Information on the
1851:Information on the
1727:John the Evangelist
1352:Heinrich Campendonk
1239:of the column. The
1182:, the long-revered
1049:Choir (with crypt)
330:Blessed Virgin Mary
305:), since 1958 also
149: /
2006:2011-05-31 at the
1982:. DĂĽsseldorf 1956.
1973:MĂĽnster am Hellweg
1962:MĂĽnster am Hellweg
1904:Leonhard KĂĽppers:
1887:2013-09-25 at the
1798:
1636:Mary the Counselor
1549:Christ ("Dumsone")
1430:St. Johann Baptist
1393:The minster's new
1297:
1204:
1169:Book of Revelation
1161:light of the World
1122:Cathedral Treasury
1115:
1019:St. Johann Baptist
826:
818:
810:
800:Gothic Hall church
776:Later construction
729:
721:
713:
705:
604:
588:Astnide cremabatur
571:. The arms of the
523:Previous buildings
518:Structural history
475:Kingdom of Prussia
406:Foundation to 1803
292:
153:51.4560°N 7.0141°E
1813:Concordat of 1929
1806:Cathedral provost
1802:Cathedral chapter
1788:Cathedral chapter
1783:
1782:
1281:Cologne Cathedral
1277:Beatrix von Holte
1092:
1091:
946:Krupp steel works
942:German war effort
928:on the crossing.
892:Later alterations
842:Cologne Cathedral
830:Beatrix von Holte
761:Divine apparition
575:at a rectangular
284:
283:
245:Functional status
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2041:
2020:
2012:
1997:
1967:Josef Schueben:
1892:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1758:Johannes Baptist
1755:
1724:
1696:John the Baptist
1693:
1509:
1492:
1485:
1466:
1384:
1364:Elmar Hillebrand
1360:Alfred Manessier
1287:Further artworks
1178:, four Ottonian
1149:Ottonian dynasty
1033:Exterior height
1030:Interior height
1024:
997:
986:
954:Diocese of Essen
919:Second World War
749:Aachen Cathedral
625:Abbess Theophanu
621:John the Baptist
551:The first church
366:. The octagonal
315:
303:
290:View of the nave
264:Diocese of Essen
164:
163:
161:
160:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
123:
113:
95:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2008:Wayback Machine
1995:
1989:
1956:Albert Rinken:
1896:
1895:
1889:Wayback Machine
1878:Gerhard Hoffs:
1876:
1872:
1866:Auxiliary organ
1863:
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1265:church monument
1261:
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1188:fibula brooches
1130:
1124:
1104:
1071:Crossing tower
1015:
991:
980:
970:Franz Hengsbach
962:
944:because of the
938:Royal Air Force
934:
894:
866:Mönchengladbach
802:
778:
769:
697:
659:galleries. The
637:
596:
553:
525:
520:
498:Franz Hengsbach
467:
432:canonical hours
408:
403:
322:Bishop of Essen
307:Essen Cathedral
301:Essener MĂĽnster
158:51.4560; 7.0141
157:
155:
151:
148:
143:
140:
138:
136:
135:
126:
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111:Essener MĂĽnster
93:
86:
75:
69:
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56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Essen Cathedral
15:
12:
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2037:
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2013:
1998:
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1987:External links
1985:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1975:1956, S. 16ff.
1965:
1964:1949, S. 95ff.
1954:
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1665:Mary the Queen
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1243:was carved in
1195:
1192:
1165:Last Judgement
1134:Golden Madonna
1126:Main article:
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1052:15 m (vaults)
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1041:13 m (vaults)
1039:
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960:Recent changes
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757:Last Judgement
696:
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665:Susteren Abbey
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395:Golden Madonna
319:Roman Catholic
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253:Administration
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2:
2046:
2035:
2034:Essen Minster
2032:
2031:
2029:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:3-402-06248-8
1948:
1944:
1941:Klaus Lange:
1940:
1937:
1936:3-89861-238-4
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:Klaus Lange:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:Klaus Lange:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1340:coats of arms
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1194:Column of Ida
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:Nikolaus GroĂź
999:
995:
990:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
959:
957:
955:
949:
947:
943:
939:
931:
929:
927:
924:
920:
915:
909:
907:
903:
899:
891:
889:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
822:
814:
806:
799:
797:
795:
791:
786:
784:
775:
773:
766:
764:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
736:
734:
725:
717:
709:
701:
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
634:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
600:
593:
591:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
522:
517:
515:
513:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
464:
462:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:
413:
405:
401:Usage history
400:
398:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
314:
308:
304:
302:
296:
295:Essen Minster
288:
279:
277:
273:
268:
265:
262:
260:
256:
251:
247:
243:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
162:
133:
129:
122:
117:
112:
106:
101:
98:Essen Minster
96:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1810:
1799:
1784:
1773:
1742:
1711:
1680:
1651:
1622:
1593:
1581:14th century
1564:
1535:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1423:
1414:
1411:
1403:Franz Rieger
1392:
1344:
1317:
1304:
1298:
1262:
1253:Essen-Werden
1249:Werden Abbey
1236:
1219:, Abbess of
1212:
1211:inscription
1205:
1173:
1153:
1131:
1116:
1095:
1093:
1016:
1013:Measurements
1000:
978:Emil Wachter
963:
950:
935:
914:Georg Humann
910:
895:
886:
872:inspired by
827:
789:
787:
779:
770:
754:
737:
730:
642:
638:
605:
587:
585:
573:transeptsmet
554:
536:
526:
512:John Paul II
479:
468:
451:
440:
428:Aachen Synod
423:
409:
390:
388:
353:World War II
338:
310:
306:
298:
294:
293:
240:Architecture
188:Denomination
76:
67:
48:
2019:(in German)
2011:(in German)
1996:(in German)
1882:. pp. 46–48
1496:Strike tone
1407:organ stops
1379: [
1356:Ludwig Gies
1328:Renaissance
1309:Holy Helper
1231:, going by
992: [
981: [
898:baroquified
882:Westphalian
870:hall church
838:hall church
745:Saint Peter
545:Merovingian
454:Reformation
417:Benedictine
412:Essen Abbey
360:hall church
341:Essen Abbey
336:, Germany.
313:Essener Dom
235:8 July 1316
156: /
62:introducing
1853:main organ
1834:References
1811:Under the
1424:There are
1399:Schwarzach
1348:St Michael
1313:Saint Roch
1005:, who was
923:neo-gothic
681:clerestory
661:double bay
631:building.
471:mediatized
422:, but the
231:Dedication
141:51°27′22″N
70:March 2021
45:references
1599:Westwork
1570:Westwork
1541:Westwork
1491:(kg, ca.)
1245:antiquity
1060:Westwork
1009:in 2001.
1007:beatified
966:cathedral
956:in 1958.
854:Champagne
796:Chamber.
790:sectarium
685:pilasters
657:matroneum
541:postholes
490:Paderborn
458:Free city
391:Domschatz
364:sandstone
297:(German:
276:Bishop(s)
144:7°00′51″E
2028:Category
2004:Archived
1885:Archived
1481:Diameter
1441:Marybell
1324:epitaphs
1102:Fittings
1027:Section
850:Burgundy
740:crossing
733:westwork
695:Westwork
653:matronea
629:Ottonian
613:westwork
577:crossing
561:basilica
443:Mathilde
384:cloister
376:Ottonian
370:and the
368:westwork
328:and the
169:Location
1899:Sources
1828:Prelate
1821:diocese
1686:Flèche
1657:Flèche
1628:Flèche
1613:Unknown
1584:Unknown
1555:Unknown
1449:Gescher
1336:Antwerp
1320:baroque
1302:notname
1273:Altfrid
1267:of the
1241:capital
1225:Cologne
1157:Trinity
1085:
1074:
1063:
974:Altfrid
906:tracery
878:Marburg
858:Cologne
677:arcades
673:columns
569:narthex
533:Altfrid
494:Cologne
486:MĂĽnster
473:by the
355:, is a
345:Altfrid
259:Diocese
222:Founded
209:History
199:Website
182:Germany
179:Country
58:improve
1949:
1934:
1915:, in:
1800:Essen
1512:Tower
1488:Weight
1368:bronze
1332:marble
1233:fluted
1229:spolia
1145:poplar
1142:gilded
1096:weighs
926:flèche
902:flèche
834:Gothic
689:volute
619:of St
617:chapel
558:aisled
537:Asnide
502:Nuncio
492:, and
436:masses
430:. The
357:Gothic
270:Clergy
217:Active
214:Status
47:, but
1839:Notes
1475:Date
1472:Name
1426:bells
1420:Bells
1395:organ
1389:Organ
1383:]
1237:basis
1209:Latin
1088:50 m
1077:38 m
1066:35 m
1055:20 m
1044:17 m
1038:Nave
996:]
985:]
862:Trier
767:Crypt
669:piers
645:crypt
609:crypt
581:choir
372:crypt
334:Essen
173:Essen
1971:in:
1960:in:
1947:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1926:in:
1761:1787
1730:1787
1699:1787
1668:1955
1639:1955
1610:1522
1561:1200
1558:1278
1532:1650
1529:1389
1523:1546
1520:Mary
1484:(mm)
1318:The
1138:Mary
860:and
852:and
687:and
671:and
649:apse
611:, a
565:nave
509:Pope
482:Ruhr
452:The
434:and
420:Rule
1774:dis
1770:200
1767:669
1754:III
1743:his
1739:330
1736:790
1712:gis
1708:680
1705:995
1681:cis
1674:371
1652:ais
1645:425
1623:gis
1616:477
1594:ais
1590:450
1587:917
1565:fis
1409:).
1334:in
1223:in
1217:Ida
1171:).
225:845
2030::
1776:–1
1745:–4
1723:II
1714:+1
1683:+3
1677:38
1654:+3
1648:50
1625:+4
1619:80
1596:+5
1567:–1
1538:–4
1506:16
1504:-/
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876:,
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543:,
531:,
488:,
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1692:I
1662:6
1633:5
1607:–
1604:4
1578:–
1575:3
1546:2
1536:e
1517:1
1508:)
1500:(
1167:(
309:(
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77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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