1077:. What follows is a list of what are usually called "affixes". Most of them, however, are actually lexical roots, in that they can be used as independent words and their relative order in a compound is determined by semantics, not grammar. They are called "affixes" mainly because they derive from affixes in Esperanto's source languages. Some are true affixes in that, although they may be used independently, their order within a word is fixed by the grammar. Only a few cannot be used independently and so correspond to how a typical affix behaves in English.
133:
6888:
25:
7887:, which has no exact equivalent in Romance and Germanic languages and is frequently misused by speakers of those languages, was defined in the PIV according to how it was misused by most French authors rather than to how it was used in Zamenhof's writings and by authors who follow his example. (Sergio Pokrovskij, 2007.
7643:.) However, it is subject to criticism, for example for failure to distinguish rare, idiosyncratic, redundant, or even erroneous words attested in a few written texts from their conversational equivalents, and for giving French approximations of some difficult words rather than their Zamenhofian meanings. The older
7028:
being added to the full root. As with borrowed common nouns, this may be criticized if the vowel is part of the root rather than inflectional in the source language, because the resulting form may not be readily recognized by native speakers of the source language. However, it is a common phenomenon
6526:
Like the essentially masculine roots (those that do not take the feminine suffix), feminine roots are rarely interpreted as epicene. However, many of them are feminine because of social custom or the details of their mythology, and there is nothing preventing masculine usage in fiction. Even outside
5803:
Once such a word is used ambiguously by a significant number of speakers or writers, it can no longer be assumed to be masculine. Language guides suggest using all ambiguous words neutrally, and many people find this the least confusing approach—and so the ranks of masculine words gradually dwindle.
753:
as needed, recommending only that they look for the most international words, and that they borrow one basic word and derive others from it, rather than borrowing many words with related meanings. Since then, many words have been borrowed from other languages, primarily those of
Western Europe. In
3924:
Since affixes may be used as root words, and roots may combine like affixes, the boundary between the two is blurred. Many so-called affixes are indistinguishable from other roots. However, "true" affixes are grammatically fixed as being either prefixes or suffixes, whereas the order of roots in
7407:
Various approaches have been taken to represent deviant language in
Esperanto literature. One play, for example, originally written in two dialects of Italian, was translated with Esperanto representing one dialect, and Ido representing the other. Other approaches are to attempt to reconstruct
1084:
they are attached to. That is, the outer ones modify the inner ones. Most affixes are themselves roots, and as such have an inherent part of speech. This is indicated by the final part-of-speech vowel in the suffix list below. A few affixes do not affect the part of speech of the root; for the
6263:
and the dedicated words for male animals, are fundamentally masculine and are never used with the feminine suffix. The others remain masculine mainly because
Zamenhof did not establish a way to derive masculine words the way he did for feminine words. To partially remedy this, the root
956:), and other languages. However, although the debates in ethnic languages are motivated by nationalism or issues of cultural identity, in Esperanto the debates are largely motivated by differing views on how to make the language practical and accessible.
772:, now also signifies a computer input device, as in English). There are frequent debates among Esperanto speakers about whether a particular borrowing is justified, or whether the need can be met by derivation or extending the meaning of existing words.
7420:
With so little data available, various attempts have been made to reconstruct what proto-Esperanto may have been like. However, these reconstructions rely heavily on material from the intermediate period of
Esperanto development, between the original
875:
them, which is what
Chinese often does). This sparks frequent debates as to whether a particular root is justified, and sometimes results in duplicates of native and borrowed vocabulary. An example is "calligraphy", which occurs both as a calqued
7476:
Because
Esperanto vocabulary is largely international, it shares many cognates with English. However, because they were often taken from languages other than English, these do not always have their English meanings. Some of the mismatches are:
7360:
exists in
Esperanto as it does in English, and this is a major source of debate in the language: whether international jargon should be borrowed into Esperanto, or whether more transparent equivalents should be constructed from existing roots.
6270:(man) has long been used to form the masculine of animal words. Originally a suffix, since the 1926 publication of the Esperanto translation of the Bible it has shifted in use to a prefix, but either way the resulting words are ambiguous.
4196:. There is no equivalent way to express this in English, but it creates a very strong visual image of the pages escaping the book and scattering over the floor. More importantly, the word is comprehensible the first time one hears it.
5812:
There is still variation in many of the above words, depending on the social expectations and language background of the speaker. Many of the words are not clearly either masculine or epicene today. For example, the plural
4189:
Affixes may be used in novel ways, creating new words that don't exist in any national language. Sometimes the results are poetic: In one
Esperanto novel, a man opens an old book with a broken spine, and the yellowed pages
7657:(five volumes, 1989–2001) gives source-language etymologies of all fundamental and official root words (tentative and uncertain in a few cases), along with comparisons of equivalent words in four other constructed
592:
5631:. Usage is consistent for only a few dozen words. For others, people may differ in usage, or it may be difficult to tell whether a word is gendered because of social custom or because of the word itself.
871:, despite the fact they are not truly universal. Many Asians consider this to be an onerous and unnecessary burden on the memory, when it is so easy to derive equivalent words internally (for example by
5558:
Although the initial and final elements of the correlatives are not roots or affixes, in that they cannot normally be independently combined with other words (for instance, there is no genitive case in
7329:(to whistle about something) means not to care about it, as in German. Other expressions deriving from Esperanto history or dealing with specifically Esperantist concerns have arisen over the years. A
7651:, originally published in 1930 and reissued with an appendix in 1953, is still widely used, as more portable and less expensive than the PIV, and perhaps more accurate, even if somewhat dated. The
7348:(to crocodile) for speaking a language other than Esperanto when Esperanto would be more appropriate, such as at an Esperanto convention, whereas there is nothing equivalent in English.
4596:
questions, and five initial elements that perform the functions of asking, answering, denying, being inclusive, and being indefinite about these nine questions. For example, the words
754:
recent decades, most of the new borrowings or coinages have been technical or scientific terms; terms in everyday use are more likely to be derived from existing words (for example
6056:), are considered masculine because there are no female examples (there is no "ŝahino" or "mikadino"), but like 'pope' above, this is subject to circumstance. For example, though
7404:
If this stage of
Esperanto had been preserved, it would presumably be used to occasionally give a novel the archaic flavor that Latin provides in the modern European languages.
7063:
In addition to the root words and the rules for combining them, a learner of
Esperanto must learn some idiomatic compounds that are not entirely straightforward. For example,
7051:
Some idiomatic expressions have either been borrowed from Esperanto's source languages, or developed naturally over the course of Esperanto's history. There are also various
5685:), which are generally assumed to be masculine due to historical reality, but there is no reason a feminine form "papino" couldn't be used in fiction, or if customs change.
867:
However, a contrary tendency is apparent in cultured and Greco-Latin technical vocabulary, which most Europeans see as "international" and therefore take into Esperanto
7315:, meaning a woman as a receptacle for a man. However, such terms are usually coined to translate from English or other languages, and are rarely heard in conversation.
3844:, used regardless of number or case, but other grammatical suffixes may be used when the inherent part of speech of the first root of the compound needs to be changed.
7081:, literally "a place for necessities", is a toilet. Almost all of these compounds, however, are modeled after equivalent compounds in native European languages:
5625:. A relatively small number of Esperanto roots are semantically masculine or feminine. In some but not all cases, masculine roots also have feminine derivatives via
6772:– that find their way into prose. However, they are rarely used in conversation. This is a combination of two factors: the great ease and familiarity of using the
7868:
7449:
There are various "dialects" and pseudo-historical forms that have been created for literary uses in Esperanto. Two of the more notable are a substandard jargon,
848:
One of the ways Zamenhof made Esperanto easier to learn than the European languages predominant at the time was by creating a regular and highly productive
713:
5800:"rooster"). These generally became gender-neutral over the course of the century, as many similar words did in English, because of social transformation.
3834:
Compound words in Esperanto are similar to English, in that the final root is basic to the meaning. The roots may be joined together directly, or with an
4592:. They are constructed from set elements so that correlatives with similar meanings have similar forms: There are nine endings corresponding to the nine
4256:(healthy). Not all of the resulting words translate well into English, in many cases because they distinguish fine shades of meaning that English lacks:
2878:
7335:, for example, is something needlessly incomprehensible, derived from the name of the more complex and less immediately readable constructed language
409:
4199:
Derivation by affix greatly expands a speaker's vocabulary, sometimes beyond what they know in their native language. For instance, the English word
7840:
830:). However, each root can then form dozens of derivations that may bear little resemblance to equivalent words in the source languages, such as
7029:
in inflectional languages such as Russian or Latin. If a name is not fully assimilated, the accusative case may be tacked on with a hyphen, as
6778:
prefix, and the relative obscurity of most of the alternatives, which would hamper communication. This results in English borrowings – such as
7240:
Sometimes Esperanto derivational morphology is used to create humorous alternatives to existing roots. For instance, with the antonym prefix
4813:, also take the accusative case when standing in for the object of a clause. The accusative of motion is used with the place correlatives in
42:
7623:
4019:
in Esperanto. However, epenthetic vowels are never used with affixes or prepositions, so double consonants are found in such cases, as in
444:
7699:
7364:
However, the normal wordplay people use for amusement is occasionally carried to the extreme of being jargon. One such style is called
7639:) is the largest monolingual dictionary of the language and is generally regarded as the standard. (There is a free online version at
434:
404:
5639:
A small (and decreasing ) number of noun roots, mostly titles and kinship terms, are inherently masculine unless the feminine suffix
7775:
7658:
7366:
108:
89:
746:("International Dictionary"), which was written in five languages and supplied a larger set of root words, adding 1740 new words.
4237:
see (saw, seen), sight, blind, vision, visual, visible, nonvisual, invisible, unsightly, glance, view, vista, panorama, observant
549:
313:
61:
4111:(once, sometimes). Reduplication is only used with monosyllabic roots that do not require an epenthetic vowel when compounded.
706:
491:
399:
380:
352:
5391:, however, would be ambiguous as to whether the original meaning "otherwise" or the correlative "elsewhere" were intended, so
4656:(no-one) deny those questions. Thus by learning these 14 elements the speaker acquires a paradigm of 45 adverbs and pronouns.
4797:("my") do. However, adjectival correlatives do agree in number and case with the nouns they modify, as any other adjectives:
3928:
Although Zamenhof did not prescribe rules for which consonant sequences are not acceptable and therefore when the epenthetic
449:
46:
68:
531:
467:
266:
7975:
587:
347:
75:
7912:
5693:
In the early twentieth century, members of a profession were assumed to be masculine unless specified otherwise with
6721:
856:(prefixes and suffixes), the core vocabulary needed for communication was greatly reduced, making Esperanto a more
699:
419:
293:
3968:
that is so prevalent in the world's languages, including Zamenhof's Russian and German, and that would result in "
35:
7694:
7675:
6876:
2687:
a (loose) container, country (archaic when referring to a political entity), a tree of a certain fruit (archaic)
569:
424:
337:
57:
4205:(a single lens of a compound eye) is rather obscure, but a child would be able to coin an Esperanto equivalent,
7680:
7218:
the stress shifts to the temporal suffix, which makes the tenses easier to distinguish than they are in formal
3965:
3641:
439:
389:
7342:
Words and phrases reflect what speakers of a language talk about. Tellingly, Esperanto has a slang expression
1022:(darkness). However, except in jokes, this prefix is not used when an antonym exists in the basic vocabulary:
7749:
6367:
3078:(to escape in all directions, like pages dropping from a book with a disintegrated binding, from 'free' and
849:
246:
240:
3979:
3975:
2403:
person professionally or avocationally occupied with an idea or activity (a narrower use than in English)
857:
7851:
3566:
There are, in addition, affixes not listed here: technical affixes, such as the biological family suffix
603:
7052:
6931:
5156:
5088:
4804:
4729:
742:
526:
511:
481:
454:
394:
251:
170:
7323:
Esperanto has some slang in the sense of in-group talk as well. Some of this is borrowed; for example,
132:
7687:
3465:
1107:
787:
597:
554:
521:
496:
476:
303:
199:
4568:. Perhaps half of these words are in common use, but the others (and more) are available if needed.
7704:
7457:
1193:
781:
516:
362:
261:
186:
164:
7827:
4069:
is only marginally used in Esperanto. It has an intensifying effect similar to that of the suffix
82:
7970:
6585:, including personal names, clashes with Romance languages such as Italian and Spanish, in which
5499:
Note that standard Esperanto punctuation puts a comma before the relative word (a correlative in
4838:
4702:
4016:
1081:
1080:
When a root receives more than one affix, their order matters, because affixes modify the entire
861:
506:
501:
486:
414:
288:
256:
7908:
7813:, perhaps because for Zamenhof it was intermediate in pronunciation between and the sonorant .
3838:(linking) vowel to aid pronunciation. This epenthetic vowel is most commonly the nominal suffix
1085:
suffixes listed in the tables below, this is indicated by a hyphen in place of the final vowel.
7075:, literally "a compilation of words", means "a glossary" or "a dictionary"; and
7020:
When a name ending in a vowel is fully assimilated, the vowel is often changed to inflectional
1037:
The creation of new words through the use of grammatical (i.e. inflectional) suffixes, such as
7862:
7670:
7387:
6475:
6310:(masculine) was created as an unambiguous alternative, while others use the unofficial suffix
5768:
4788:
3951:
3103:
3015:
2100:
1074:
810:
are borrowed and retain much of the form of their source language, whether the phonetic form (
357:
342:
279:
174:
159:
7727:
is a borrowing from Ido. It is often equivalent to the nonce passive conditional participle:
3934:
is required, he generally omitted it when the result was a sequence of two consonants, as in
6981:
6445:
6053:
5519:
Various parts of speech may be derived from the correlatives, just as from any other roots:
331:
665:
656:
7434:
7225:
5208:
4706:
2054:
308:
233:
213:
7779:
6918:
fully assimilated (respelled in the Esperanto alphabet and given the inflectional suffix
6851:
6621:
is also available, it is seldom seen.) This has resulted in some writers using a final
964:
One of the most immediately useful derivational affixes for the beginner is the prefix
737:
429:
208:
7893:
7291:
As in English, some slang is intentionally offensive, such as substituting the suffix
5675:
in the singular (as explained in a following section). There are other words, such as
7964:
6675:
convention to all female names, though there is no such gender in Esperanto grammar.
6322:
There are several dozen feminine roots that do not normally take the feminine suffix
6298:(minotaur) have been borrowed into the language to disambiguate. Adjectival usage of
5230:
5053:
4845:
4766:
4666:
4637:
4066:
806:, in which the words have no historical connection to other languages. In Esperanto,
750:
6887:
3694:(a bit, a crumb). Also, through compounding, lexical roots may act as affixes:
7000:
6769:
4028:
when the first element was very short and might not otherwise be recognized, as in
3583:
2378:
2108:
1550:
367:
324:
3954:, and would both become different consonants if their voicing were changed, as in
3031:
5819:
is generally understood to mean "cattle", not "bulls", and similarly the plurals
4239:
etc., though there are also separate Esperanto roots for some of these concepts.
7464:
7373:
6854:. Other antonymic words tend to have a different scope. For example, instead of
6409:
5245:
are not specific about distance, though they are usually translated as "that".)
4577:
4172:
791:
564:
298:
24:
6999:
The last method is usually used only for names or transliterations of names in
6705:
third-person singular pronouns: expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun
3905:
Prepositions are frequently found in compounds, and behave much like prefixes,
7427:
7336:
6838:
6139:
6063:
4738:
have the usual dual function of adjectives: standing alone as proforms, as in
3835:
3730:(a capital). It is quite common for prepositions to be used as prefixes:
3645:
3579:
2104:
2020:
1877:
1790:
1103:
732:
219:
6683:
Esperanto personal pronouns distinguish gender in the third-person singular:
4041:
when the compound would otherwise be homonymous with an existing word, as in
6806:
6419:
6399:
3673:
2368:
2058:
807:
727:
318:
226:
150:
139:
5418:
are seen with any frequency, and even they are condemned by many speakers.
7920:
6790:(inexpensive) – failing to find favor even among native English speakers.
6148:. There are relatively few mythological terms that can only be masculine.
7385:
One line of verse, taken from the sole surviving example of the original
6990:
6283:
6171:
6129:
5867:
4581:
3983:
2448:
2314:
1806:
1421:
872:
803:
6738:
to derive highly frequent antonyms, especially when they are as long as
4248:
recuperate, disease, hospital, germ, patient, doctor, medicine, pharmacy
1936:
a country named after a geographic feature, and now after an ethnicity
860:
than most European languages. It has been estimated that on average one
6702:
6556:
6435:
6155:
5616:
3312:
1604:
971:
7370:, found in chat rooms and occasionally used at Esperanto conventions.
6897:. Final vowels are often similarly changed to the inflectional suffix
864:
in Esperanto is the communicative equivalent of ten words in English.
7451:
7357:
7151:) is seen as a quick hello–goodbye on internet chatrooms. Similarly:
6540:
6377:
6219:
5699:, reflecting the expectations of most industrial societies. That is,
4246:, Zamenhof illustrated word formation by deriving the equivalents of
3637:
740:
in 1887. In 1894, Zamenhof published the first Esperanto dictionary,
6922:
of nouns). These can then be inflected like normal Esperanto nouns:
49: in this Page. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6304:
is also found, but is similarly ambiguous. More recently, the word
6886:
6539:(nymph) may be used metaphorically for males, and a collection of
6465:
6455:
6107:
6091:
853:
620:
798:
from their source languages with little internal derivation, and
683:
7069:, literally "to give out", means "to publish"; a
6043:
5991:
5682:
2388:
7940:
7817:
is also an exception to assimilation rules in Slavic languages.
6891:
The Japanese names "Akihito and Michiko" inflected in Latin as
6627:
for feminine names with cognates in Romance languages, such as
5782:"a male beginner"). Many domestic animals were also masculine (
3990:, which do not have voiceless equivalents in Esperanto, so the
638:
6815:
is derived from the diminutive suffix and more properly means
6158:), for example, is prototypically masculine, but the feminine
5711:
was a male teacher. This was the case for all words ending in
4015:(the evening of life). This reflects the general lack of
1034:(to be lacking, intr.), not "malesti" from 'to be'.
647:
629:
559:
18:
7224:, and effectively recapturing some of the stress patterns of
4235:(see) regularly corresponds to some two dozen English words:
3950:
when the two consonants that would come together differed in
674:
6744:(far). There are a few alternative roots in poetry, such as
6549:('The Muse'), with gendered metaphorical usage. Similarly,
1880:; sometimes affectionate connotations when used with people
131:
6825:(little) is quite common. The reason for the popularity of
5450:
La polico ne kaptis la ŝtelistojn, kiuj ŝtelis mian ringon.
5430:
Examples of the interrogative versus relative uses of the
5367:(other), at least when the resulting word is unambiguous,
1553:; sometimes pejorative connotations when used with people
786:
Esperanto occupies a middle ground between "naturalistic"
7890:
Lingva Kritiko: Studoj kaj notoj pri la Internacia Lingvo
7455:, and a fictitious "archaic" version of Esperanto called
5361:
Sometimes the correlative system is extended to the root
609:
6597:. For example, the fully Esperantized form of 'Mary' is
6116:(pope), that is a matter of custom rather than language.
766:), or extending them to cover new meanings (for example
4630:(this/that one), with the same endings but the initial
1234:
a concrete manifestation; (with a noun root) a product
6579:
The ending of all assimilated nouns in Esperanto with
5511:, "that"), a feature common to many Slavic languages.
4229:
for 'a compound eye'). In this way the Esperanto root
2811:(someone without merit, from 'without' and the suffix
888:. A similar development has also occurred in English (
836:(government), which is derived from the Latinate root
749:
The rules of the Esperanto language allow speakers to
7946:
7640:
7055:
based on body functions and religion, as in English.
4775:. Therefore, the adjectival correlatives, ending in
3616:
makes adjectives out of nouns made from adjectives:
6805:(hard ). However, their popularity is due to their
730:contained around 900 root words and was defined in
7850:(in Esperanto). Prague. p. 26. Archived from
5831:(beginners); but a masculine meaning reappears in
882:("writing of beauty") and as the direct borrowing
7750:"Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko : OZ"
6591:marks masculine names, and feminine names end in
5852:There are several dozen clearly masculine roots:
4586:what, where, when, why, who, whose, how, how much
4005:when the two consonants would be the same, as in
7632:The Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto
6875:The antonymic prefix is highly productive among
6639:"Joanna", rather than using the feminine suffix
3644:) affixes may act as roots by taking one of the
1853:(a president of the United States, from 'USA');
1603:a place characterized by the root (not used for
7950:
7932:
7926:
7888:
7882:
7841:"Morfologio § 5.2.2. Genro kaj sekso"
7808:
7734:
7728:
7722:
7685:
7652:
7645:
7620:
7605:
7599:
7591:
7585:
7577:
7571:
7563:
7557:
7549:
7543:
7535:
7529:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7501:
7495:
7487:
7481:
7395:
7343:
7330:
7324:
7310:
7304:
7298:
7292:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7262:
7256:
7250:
7241:
7219:
7213:
7203:
7197:
7189:
7183:
7177:
7169:
7163:
7155:
7146:
7140:
7134:
7128:
7122:
7098:
7082:
7076:
7070:
7064:
7038:
6988:
6975:
6964:
6955:
6946:
6937:
6925:
6910:
6872:(shameful), but these are not strict antonyms.
6867:
6861:
6855:
6845:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6810:
6800:
6794:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6712:
6706:
6696:
6690:
6684:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6652:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6622:
6616:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6566:
6550:
6544:
6534:
6528:
6517:
6511:
6498:
6486:
6469:
6459:
6449:
6439:
6429:
6413:
6403:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6371:
6361:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6323:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6258:
6248:
6235:
6234:(castrated bull). These do not take the suffix
6229:
6223:
6213:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6165:
6159:
6149:
6143:
6133:
6123:
6111:
6101:
6095:
6085:
6073:
6067:
6057:
6047:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5985:
5979:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5861:
5844:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5795:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5762:
5756:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5676:
5670:
5669:(parents), whereas there is no proper word for
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5626:
5620:
5602:
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5544:
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5506:
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5448:
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5271:
5260:
5249:
5240:
5234:
5224:
5218:
5212:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4803:(The horses which I saw). They, as well as the
4798:
4792:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4739:
4733:
4720:
4714:
4696:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4660:
4651:
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4631:
4625:
4619:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4563:
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4094:
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3997:
3991:
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2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1967:
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1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1192:frequent, repeated, or continual action (often
1184:
1178:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1096:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
965:
883:
877:
831:
821:
811:
767:
761:
755:
681:
672:
663:
654:
645:
636:
627:
618:
607:
7009:, feminine personal names may take the suffix
6793:Two root antonyms are frequently encountered:
6543:'s poetry has been translated under the title
6282:"man-bovine", for example, could mean either "
5229:indicates distance. (Without these particles,
3432:great-(grand-), primordial, primitive, proto-
3102:beginning, sudden, or momentary action (often
2281:(something to cry about, from 'weep, cry' and
919:
913:
7109:
7104:
7092:
6610:
6604:
6036:(monarch). Many non-European titles, such as
3582:), and a few non-standard affixes taken from
3512:(to renew a subscription, from 'subscribe');
935:
929:
707:
8:
6974:partially assimilated, i.e. respelled only:
6732:People sometimes object to using the prefix
3543:
2847:(someone who asks 'why' a lot, from 'why');
1328:(a kindred spirit, from 'same' and 'idea');
1296:a member, follower, participant, inhabitant
951:
945:
903:
897:
7339:, which preceded Esperanto by a few years.
6892:
6560:
3072:(to split by atomic fission, from 'atom');
1346:a collective group without specific number
1110:or a poor opinion of the object or action)
7867:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6110:), do not occur in the feminine but, like
5453:(The police haven't caught the thieves who
5211:are used primarily with the correlatives:
3964:(rose-colored). This prevents the voicing
3808:(registration form), from the preposition
714:
700:
122:
6819:, but it's a short word, and its use for
5615:Usually, feminine nouns are derived from
5571:correlatives is an exception, as seen in
2607:in a collective group of specific number
2275:(dependable, trustworthy, from 'trust');
1322:(a classmate, from 'same' and 'course');
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
7229:
6844:, sounds too soft to mean "hard", while
4832:
4744:(everyone); and modifying a noun, as in
4618:about time and individuals, whereas the
7715:
6963:combined with other roots and affixes:
6062:(pharaoh) may be said to be masculine,
5565:for nouns), the initial element of the
4787:, do not play that role, as adjectival
4584:, used to ask and answer the questions
2931:(appellate court, from 'court(yard)');
1396:(a government, from 'rule, govern' and
1073:(to see), is covered in the article on
852:. Through the judicious use of lexical
130:
7860:
6669:"Josephine". Some writers extend this
4217:'an eye' (or perhaps, more precisely,
3925:compounds is determined by semantics.
3408:'well-known' and the causative suffix
3358:(a law that cannot be disobeyed, from
1028:(south), not "malnorda" from 'north';
6768:(lazy) – some of which originated in
6199:(bull). These do not take the suffix
6142:), etc. These do not take the suffix
5773:-into, -anto, -onto, -ito, -ato, -oto
5357:An extension of the original paradigm
4835:
4756:are exclusively used standing alone:
7:
7624:Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto
7562:(to check, keep track of), vs.
7461:. Neither are used in conversation.
6603:, which resembles Spanish masculine
5843:(an Englishman & Englishwoman),
3212:shameful, nasty, disgusting, filthy
1912:(to crack, fracture, from 'break');
47:adding citations to reliable sources
7943:, multilingual Esperanto dictionary
7881:For example the common preposition
7700:Esperanto words with the suffix -um
7033:if the name ends in a vowel, or as
6954:changed to another part of speech:
6181:that have a separate epicene root:
3518:(reflection, glare, from 'shine');
2359:a doctrine, system (as in English)
1950:(Nigeria, from 'the river Niger');
1651:(provenance, from 'to come from');
1196:); as a noun, an action or process
7739:'that which would/should be paid'.
7676:Word derivation by native speakers
6987:left in the original orthography:
5651:are added. For example, there are
5619:(genderless) roots via the suffix
5403:"place") is used for "elsewhere".
4825:(hither, whither, thither, etc.).
4709:pronouns and adverbs, just as the
4695:. The correlatives beginning with
3016:to marry one's dead brother's wife
2793:(a woman with many children, from
2589:(to divide into equal parts, with
2435:(a member of parliament/congress)
1956:(England, from 'English person');
1645:(a desert, from 'without water');
405:World Esperanto Youth Organization
14:
7952:
7776:"Blueprints for Babel: Esperanto"
7659:international auxiliary languages
7297:(a sheath) for the feminine
6831:may be similar: perhaps official
7391:of 1878, is used idiomatically:
7127:(hello) is sometimes clipped to
6951:"Now I will describe Roosevelt."
6701:(they). There are two practical
6565:), and as such one can speak of
6555:is also the biological name for
6286:" or "bull", and therefore both
6084:that have feminine equivalents:
5978:that have feminine equivalents:
5849:(a male & female beginner).
3244:(vermin, from 'animal, beast');
3060:(to throw about, from 'throw');
2971:
2725:(Kurdistan, the Kurdish lands);
1210:(a speech, from 'talk, speak');
1092:
23:
7654:Etimologia vortaro de Esperanto
7408:proto-Esperanto, and to create
7261:to drink) to urinate (normally
6969:"descendants of the Roosevelts"
4644:those questions, and the words
4608:(who, which), with the initial
3940:above. However, he inserted an
3914:(to consider something) versus
3712:(able to see, not blind);
2841:(a contemporary, from 'then');
2199:(equipment, set of tools, with
1847:(a centurion, from 'hundred');
1248:(news, a novelty, from 'new');
400:Universal Esperanto Association
34:needs additional citations for
16:Words in the Esperanto language
7919:(in Esperanto). Archived from
6695:(she); but not in the plural:
6354:(shrew/bitch, from mythology);
6177:Dedicated masculine words for
6164:is found as an alternative to
5595:, to nullify or destroy, from
5474:(I don't know how to do that.)
5048:(no-how, in no way)
3895:(expensive, with an adverbial
3066:(to distribute, from 'send');
2996:(to marry into a family, from
2982:relation by marriage, -in-law
2949:(approximately, from 'near');
2943:(a community, from 'common');
2937:(high society, from 'world');
2749:one characterized by the root
2651:(drop by drop, from 'drop'; =
2341:(a cartridge, from 'bullet');
1944:(Mexico, from 'Mexico City');
1669:having a propensity, tendency
1360:(a dictionary, from 'word' );
1136:(to gape at, from 'look at');
1:
7937:, and criticism of the latter
7017:even when fully assimilated.
6645:for a more fully assimilated
6024:(lord, sir), but not generic
4750:(every day). Those ending in
3802:(large ), etc. There is even
3536:(once again, from ' times');
2701:(a saltshaker, from 'salt');
1962:(fatherland, from 'father')
1689:(credulous, from 'believe');
1633:(a kitchen, from 'to cook'),
1615:(a school, from 'to learn'),
736:("First Book"), published by
267:Modern evolution of Esperanto
7807:is also an exception, as in
6948:Nun mi priskribos Rozevelton
6909:translated into Esperanto:
5471:Mi ne scias, kiel fari tion.
5406:As a practical matter, only
4671:th- (this, thus, then, there
3982:. This is not a problem for
3881:(a centennial ) versus
3610:(porous). A proposed suffix
3040:( a friend of one's spouse)
2895:(to crucify, from 'cross');
2707:(a washbasin, from 'wash');
2269:(credible, from 'believe');
2187:(a solution, from 'solve');
1799:(a U.S. state, from 'USA');
1771:(a snowflake, from 'snow'),
1627:(a court, from 'to judge'),
1142:(tawdry, from 'beautiful');
588:Constructed languages portal
410:International Youth Congress
7514:(current, up-to-date), vs.
7281:to eat) to vomit (normally
7110:
7005:
6905:Proper names may either be
6426:Female mythological figures
6066:is described not only as a
5846:komencanto kaj komencantino
4725:(The horse that ran away).
4701:have a double function, as
4659:The correlatives beginning
3996:may be safely dropped from
3920:(to think about something).
3500:(to rebound, from 'jump');
2925:(clockwise, from 'right');
2919:(to woo, from 'lovable' );
2907:(to fulfill, from 'full');
2829:(a wretch, from the suffix
2787:(a neighbor, from 'near');
2781:(a mammal, from 'breast');
2769:(a beginning reader , from
2639:(together in a group, from
1978:
1783:(a splinter, from 'wood');
1621:(a store, from 'to sell'),
1585:(to guffaw, from 'laugh');
1561:(a mansion, from 'house');
1366:(humanity, from 'human' );
1118:(to scrawl, from 'write');
920:
914:
420:World Anational Association
7992:
7839:Malovec, Miroslav (1999).
7647:Plena Vortaro de Esperanto
7412:variants of the language.
6722:gender reform in Esperanto
6527:of fiction, words such as
5705:was a male secretary, and
4909:(every kind/sort/type of)
4800:La ĉevaloj, kiujn mi vidis
4665:correspond to the English
4075:. The common examples are
3796:(at the rate of) and
3294:(waiters and waitresses);
3114:(a flash , from 'shine');
2955:(hexadecimal, from '16');
2013:(a sapling, from 'tree');
1918:(to simmer, from 'boil');
1906:(to smile, from 'laugh');
1859:(board of directors, with
1695:(flammable, from 'burn');
779:
726:The original word base of
445:Europe–Democracy–Esperanto
382:Organizations and services
7828:Seksa signifo de O-vortoj
7695:Special Esperanto adverbs
7548:(punctual, on-time), vs.
7105:
7093:
6717:(Zamenhof's suggestion).
6481:Special words for female
6120:Male mythological figures
5767:"a male mayor"), and the
5487:(What kind of man is he?)
5223:indicates proximity, and
4904:(some kind/sort/type of)
4894:(what kind/sort/type of)
4177:(the Esperanto community)
4093:(finally, at last), from
3974:" being mispronounced as
3867:(a sailship) versus
3853:(a songbird) versus
3772:(to consider), from
2889:(a collar, from 'neck');
2713:(a beehive, from 'bee');
2695:(a purse, from 'money');
2615:(two together; by twos =
2571:(a tithe, from 'ten' and
2181:(a remedy, from 'help');
2029:(a kit, pup, kid, etc.);
2007:(a prince, from 'king');
1993:an offspring, descendant
1354:(a forest, from 'tree');
1130:(a hovel, from 'house');
604:Esperanto Knowledge (XXG)
570:Linguistic discrimination
7681:Esperanto lexicographers
7500:(to jam, obstruct), vs.
6877:native-speaking children
6100:(monk). Others, such as
5645:or the inclusive prefix
4765:The correlatives have a
4105:(once in a while), from
3288:(ladies and gentlemen);
3200:(Down with our leader!)
3194:(previously customary);
2763:(a saint, from 'holy');
2663:(isolated, individual);
2451:; the root is truncated
2335:(stirrup, from 'foot');
2131:(to blush, from 'red');
1841:(a mayor, from 'city');
1777:(a stitch, from 'sew'),
1765:(a spark, from 'fire');
1759:(a link, from 'chain');
1657:(the appropriate place)
1639:(a kennel, from 'dog'),
1424:; the root is truncated
1089:List of lexical suffixes
820:) or orthographic form (
440:European Esperanto Union
390:World Esperanto Congress
7953:Plena Ilustrita Vortaro
7934:Plena Ilustrita Vortaro
7793:Plena analiza gramatiko
7590:(dividend income), vs.
7148:saluton – ĝis la revido
6960:"the Roosevelt mansion"
6720:See the discussions at
6575:Feminine personal names
6257:Some of these, such as
5442:Kiu ŝtelis mian ringon?
5189:each , all )
4914:(no kind/sort/type of)
4805:independent determiners
4722:La ĉevalo, kiu forkuris
3790:(sell wholesale), from
3736:(to arrive), from
3524:(a return ticket, from
3480:over again, back again
3452:(a prehistoric beast);
3440:(a great-grandfather);
3322:(small, from 'large');
3052:separation, scattering
2901:(a cold, from 'cold');
2669:(a group, unit, team);
2483:(nanny, from 'nurse');
2175:(a knife, from 'cut');
2069:(to kill, from 'die');
1888:(a hut, from 'house');
1835:(a school principal );
1573:(a tome, from 'book');
1567:(a giant, from 'man');
1260:(beef, from 'bovine');
850:derivational morphology
247:Declaration of Boulogne
241:Fundamento de Esperanto
7951:
7933:
7927:
7925:, a discussion of the
7889:
7883:
7848:Gramatiko de Esperanto
7809:
7735:
7729:
7723:
7686:
7653:
7646:
7621:
7606:
7600:
7592:
7586:
7578:
7572:
7564:
7558:
7550:
7544:
7536:
7530:
7522:
7516:
7510:
7502:
7496:
7488:
7482:
7396:
7344:
7331:
7325:
7311:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7242:
7220:
7214:
7204:
7198:
7190:
7184:
7178:
7170:
7164:
7156:
7147:
7141:
7135:
7129:
7123:
7099:
7083:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7039:
6989:
6976:
6965:
6956:
6947:
6938:
6926:
6911:
6902:
6893:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6846:
6833:
6827:
6821:
6811:
6801:
6795:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6764:
6758:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6734:
6713:
6707:
6697:
6691:
6685:
6671:
6665:
6659:
6653:
6647:
6641:
6635:
6629:
6623:
6617:
6611:
6605:
6599:
6593:
6587:
6581:
6567:
6561:
6551:
6545:
6535:
6529:
6518:
6512:
6499:
6487:
6470:
6460:
6450:
6440:
6430:
6414:
6404:
6394:
6388:
6382:
6372:
6362:
6350:
6344:
6338:
6324:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6278:
6272:
6266:
6259:
6249:
6236:
6230:
6224:
6214:
6201:
6195:
6189:
6183:
6166:
6160:
6150:
6144:
6134:
6124:
6112:
6102:
6096:
6086:
6074:
6068:
6058:
6048:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6020:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5996:
5986:
5980:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5862:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5763:
5757:
5747:
5741:
5735:
5725:
5719:
5713:
5707:
5701:
5695:
5677:
5671:
5665:
5659:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5627:
5621:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5577:(a nobody), from
5573:
5567:
5561:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5527:
5521:
5507:
5501:
5491:
5483:
5470:
5466:(How did you do that?)
5462:
5449:
5441:
5432:
5414:
5408:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5378:
5372:
5363:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5318:
5307:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5261:
5250:
5241:
5235:
5225:
5219:
5217:indicates generality,
5213:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4799:
4793:
4783:
4777:
4771:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4734:
4730:adjectival determiners
4721:
4715:
4697:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4661:
4652:
4646:
4632:
4626:
4620:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4192:
4181:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4149:(to feel distaste for)
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4053:
4043:
4030:
4021:
4007:
3998:
3992:
3970:
3956:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3916:
3910:
3897:
3891:
3883:
3877:
3869:
3863:
3855:
3849:
3840:
3826:(an instrument).
3822:
3816:
3814:(to) and the suffixes
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3706:(to be able to),
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3574:
3568:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3474:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3352:(counter-clockwise );
3348:
3342:
3336:
3334:(empty, from 'full');
3330:
3324:
3318:
3306:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3096:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2976:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2913:(to hug, from 'arm');
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2865:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2743:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2681:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2633:(how many together?);
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2441:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2397:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2169:(a toy, from 'play');
2165:
2161:an instrument, a tool
2155:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2047:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1987:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1801:
1795:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1729:
1719:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1663:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1597:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1544:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1414:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1254:(an ice, from 'ice');
1250:
1244:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1204:(to keep on running);
1200:
1185:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1097:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
966:
952:
946:
936:
930:
904:
898:
884:
878:
858:agglutinative language
832:
822:
812:
768:
762:
756:
682:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
608:
348:Pop culture references
137:
58:"Esperanto vocabulary"
7486:(to spare), vs.
6890:
6866:(of poor quality) or
6609:rather than feminine
6228:(castrated rooster),
5876:is used for 'miss'),
5808:The current situation
5549:(a little bit),
5203:Correlative particles
4859:("Each, every")
4829:Table of correlatives
4713:words do in English:
3820:(to become) and
3396:(to wrongly accuse);
3328:(poor, from 'rich');
3132:(to catch sight of);
2877:(used sparingly: see
2035:(a clan, tribe, with
1408:(a herd, group, set)
788:constructed languages
455:Skolta Esperanto Ligo
395:Akademio de Esperanto
252:Montevideo Resolution
135:
7923:on 21 December 2014.
7688:Vortaro de Esperanto
7309:(a woman), for
6945:in accusative case:
6894:Akihitum et Michikam
6837:, with the repeated
6571:(a female sea-cow).
5837:"a bull & cow",
5825:(Englishpeople) and
5745:"a male Christian",
5445:(Who stole my ring?)
3274:both sexes together
3144:(inclusive 'from');
2853:(a wisp of a girl);
2237:(a female student);
2119:(to enjoy oneself);
1500:an abstract quality
1378:(a fleet of ships);
1372:(a flock of sheep);
1242:(food, from 'eat');
1106:(expresses negative
1055:(contemporary) from
555:Constructed language
450:Panamerican Congress
415:Esperanto Youth Week
43:improve this article
7976:Lexis (linguistics)
7705:Esperanto profanity
7506:(to embarrass)
7458:Arcaicam Esperantom
7381:Artificial variants
7319:Cultural "in" words
7212:In the contraction
6957:la Rozevelta domego
6615:. (Though suffixed
5960:(widower), but not
5601:plus the causative
5505:or the conjunction
5463:Kiel vi faris tion?
5209:adverbial particles
5141:(some, a bit)
4223:, by first coining
4081:(chock-full), from
4017:geminate consonants
3466:Proto-Indo-European
3402:(disparaging, from
3220:(a wicked person);
3120:(to fall in love);
2990:(a father-in-law);
2495:(the 'girls', from
2323:(a candle-holder);
2053:to make, to cause (
1739:(required reading)
1591:(great, humongous)
1160:(to screw up, with
794:, which take words
782:Esperanto etymology
262:Manifesto of Prague
126:Part of a series on
7857:on 3 January 2014.
7534:(contingent), vs.
7024:, rather than the
6903:
6358:Female professions
5976:Titles of nobility
5689:The original setup
5484:Kia viro li estas?
5376:(in another way),
5068:(this/that one's)
4944:(for all reasons)
4939:(for some reason)
4932:(for that reason,
4580:are a paradigm of
4185:(broken Esperanto)
4051:(shell game); cf.
3873:(a ship sail)
3688:(to become),
3592:(full of) in
3458:(ancestral home);
3382:incorrectly, awry
3232:(a profane word);
2329:(a tooth socket);
1751:the smallest part
1532:(character , with
1384:(a society , from
1310:(a US American) ;
743:Universala vortaro
550:Auxiliary language
289:Esperanto movement
257:Manifesto of Rauma
138:
7671:Esperanto grammar
7568:(to control)
7423:Lingwe Uniwersala
7400:(it's time).
7388:Lingwe uniwersala
7326:fajfi pri io
7103:from the Russian
7087:after the German
7003:. As noted under
6860:(bad) we may see
6711:(that one), and
6679:Gendered pronouns
6276:"bovine-man" and
5840:anglo kaj anglino
5739:and ethnicities (
5543:(a reason),
5426:relative pronouns
5382:(someone else's).
5314:(that one yonder)
5200:
5199:
5166:(who, which one;
4789:personal pronouns
3978:(dew-colored) or
3887:(a century )
3859:(a birdsong)
3784:(to think);
3754:(hopeless), from
3666:(a member),
3564:
3563:
3355:nemalobeebla leĝo
3238:(a dirty mouth);
3176:(an ex-husband);
3002:'a relative' and
2965:
2964:
2565:(one hundredth);
2539:(more than once)
2449:affectionate form
2347:(a socket, etc.)
2317:, from 'sword');
2305:a holder, sheath
2081:(to have built);
1707:(unwilling, with
1422:affectionate form
1316:(a crew member);
1075:Esperanto grammar
953:la fin de semaine
802:conlangs such as
724:
723:
435:Plouézec Meetings
119:
118:
111:
93:
7983:
7956:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7909:Lowenstein, Anna
7896:
7892:
7886:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7866:
7858:
7856:
7845:
7836:
7830:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7783:
7782:on 17 July 2012.
7778:. Archived from
7772:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7746:
7740:
7738:
7732:
7726:
7720:
7691:
7656:
7649:
7627:
7609:
7603:
7595:
7589:
7581:
7576:(suitable), vs.
7575:
7567:
7561:
7553:
7547:
7539:
7533:
7525:
7519:
7513:
7505:
7499:
7492:(to damage)
7491:
7485:
7425:of 1878 and the
7399:
7347:
7334:
7328:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7286:
7280:
7274:
7266:
7260:
7254:
7245:
7223:
7217:
7207:
7201:
7193:
7187:
7181:
7173:
7167:
7159:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7096:
7095:
7086:
7080:
7074:
7068:
7047:Idioms and slang
7042:
7037:if it does not (
6994:
6982:Condoleezza Rice
6979:
6968:
6959:
6950:
6942:"the Roosevelts"
6941:
6929:
6914:
6896:
6871:
6865:
6859:
6849:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6814:
6804:
6798:
6789:
6783:
6777:
6767:
6761:
6756:(very ugly) and
6755:
6749:
6743:
6737:
6716:
6710:
6700:
6694:
6688:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6570:
6564:
6554:
6548:
6538:
6532:
6521:
6515:
6502:
6490:
6483:domestic animals
6473:
6463:
6453:
6443:
6433:
6417:
6407:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6375:
6365:
6353:
6347:
6341:
6327:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6291:
6281:
6275:
6269:
6262:
6252:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6217:
6210:castrated beings
6204:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6179:domestic animals
6169:
6163:
6153:
6147:
6137:
6127:
6115:
6105:
6099:
6089:
6082:Religious orders
6077:
6072:but as a female
6071:
6061:
6051:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
5999:
5989:
5983:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5887:
5881:
5875:
5865:
5848:
5842:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5766:
5760:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5630:
5624:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5555:(which floor?)
5554:
5548:
5542:
5537:(contemporary),
5536:
5530:
5524:
5510:
5504:
5494:
5486:
5473:
5465:
5452:
5444:
5435:
5417:
5411:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5381:
5375:
5366:
5352:(all these dogs)
5351:
5340:
5333:(each/every dog)
5332:
5324:
5313:
5302:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5267:
5256:
5244:
5238:
5228:
5222:
5216:
4949:(for no reason)
4833:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4802:
4796:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4761:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4737:
4724:
4719:(Which horse?);
4718:
4700:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4664:
4655:
4649:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4195:
4184:
4176:
4166:
4158:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4056:
4050:
4037:
4024:
4014:
4001:
3995:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3919:
3913:
3900:
3894:
3886:
3880:
3872:
3866:
3858:
3852:
3843:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3577:
3571:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3488:(to send back);
3487:
3477:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3446:(a forefather);
3445:
3439:
3429:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3309:
3300:(the Zamenhofs)
3299:
3297:la ge-Zamenhofoj
3293:
3287:
3281:
3271:
3262:(Shame on you!)
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3149:
3147:ek al la batalo!
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3099:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3049:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2979:
2972:
2968:List of prefixes
2961:(a thingamajig)
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2868:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2746:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2444:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2400:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2158:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2096:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2050:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1971:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1874:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1809:, from 'word');
1804:
1798:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1547:
1537:
1531:
1526:(Italianesque);
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1417:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1124:(foul weather);
1123:
1117:
1100:
1093:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1010:(to hate);
1009:
1004:(to love),
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
970:, which derives
969:
955:
949:
939:
933:
923:
917:
907:
901:
887:
881:
835:
825:
815:
771:
765:
759:
716:
709:
702:
687:
678:
669:
660:
651:
642:
633:
624:
615:
613:
470:
383:
332:Literatura Mondo
282:
202:
178:
153:
142:
123:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7961:
7960:
7907:
7904:
7899:
7880:
7876:
7859:
7854:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7833:
7825:
7821:
7803:
7799:
7791:
7787:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7759:
7757:
7748:
7747:
7743:
7721:
7717:
7713:
7667:
7617:
7604:(section), vs.
7474:
7447:
7435:Proto-Esperanto
7418:
7416:Reconstructions
7383:
7354:
7321:
7238:
7226:Proto-Esperanto
7120:
7061:
7049:
6885:
6730:
6681:
6577:
6320:
5900:(grandfather),
5870:– the feminine
5834:bovo kaj bovino
5810:
5691:
5637:
5635:Masculine roots
5613:
5517:
5456:stole my ring.)
5455:
5428:
5359:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5179:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5047:
5043:(in every way)
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4841:
4831:
4679:corresponds to
4673:etc.), whereas
4574:
4117:
4064:
3832:
3724:(a city),
3718:(head, chief),
3700:(to see),
3634:(nationalize).
3622:(caloric, from
3598:(mountainous),
3539:ĝis (la) revido
3390:(to misplace);
3340:(a male , from
3226:(foul-minded);
3150:(off to war!);
2970:
2876:
2489:(dear friend);
2429:(a communist);
2423:(a beekeeper);
2137:(to join, from
2101:intransitivizer
1827:a leader, boss
1815:(a crumb etc.)
1793:, from 'eye');
1701:(inclination);
1579:(boiling hot);
1450:(dear friend);
1304:(a Christian);
1266:(a snafu, from
1216:(to carry on);
1177:
1091:
962:
846:
784:
778:
720:
691:
690:
602:
583:
575:
574:
545:
537:
536:
492:Czech Republic
472:
468:
460:
459:
385:
381:
373:
372:
338:Native speakers
284:
280:
272:
271:
234:La Esperantisto
214:Proto-Esperanto
204:
200:
192:
191:
169:
155:
151:
140:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7989:
7987:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7963:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7944:
7938:
7917:La Bona Lingvo
7903:
7902:External links
7900:
7898:
7897:
7874:
7831:
7819:
7797:
7785:
7767:
7756:(in Esperanto)
7741:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7666:
7663:
7635:, abbreviated
7616:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7597:
7583:
7569:
7555:
7541:
7527:
7520:(actual), vs.
7507:
7493:
7473:
7470:
7446:
7440:
7417:
7414:
7402:
7401:
7397:jam temp' está
7382:
7379:
7353:
7350:
7320:
7317:
7289:
7288:
7268:
7237:
7234:
7210:
7209:
7208:'is, are, am')
7195:
7175:
7161:
7119:
7116:
7060:
7057:
7048:
7045:
6997:
6996:
6985:
6977:Kandaliza Rajs
6972:
6971:
6970:
6961:
6952:
6943:
6935:
6916:
6884:
6881:
6852:stop consonant
6850:begins with a
6799:(little), and
6729:
6726:
6680:
6677:
6576:
6573:
6524:
6523:
6504:
6495:Spayed animals
6492:
6479:
6423:
6392:(prostitute),
6355:
6319:
6318:Feminine roots
6316:
6255:
6254:
6241:
6206:
6175:
6117:
6079:
5973:
5889:
5809:
5806:
5690:
5687:
5663:(mother), and
5636:
5633:
5612:
5609:
5531:(ubiquitous),
5516:
5513:
5497:
5496:
5488:
5476:
5475:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5446:
5427:
5422:Interrogative
5420:
5384:
5383:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5342:
5334:
5326:
5315:
5304:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5258:
5231:demonstratives
5204:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4928:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4849:("This/that")
4843:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4762:(everything).
4667:demonstratives
4638:demonstratives
4614:of questions,
4573:
4570:
4187:
4186:
4178:
4168:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4116:
4113:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4039:
4026:
4003:
3922:
3921:
3903:
3902:
3888:
3874:
3860:
3831:
3828:
3787:vendi pogrande
3760:(without) and
3562:
3561:
3494:(to rebuild);
3481:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3433:
3430:
3422:
3421:
3420:(incorrectly)
3383:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3275:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3256:(For shame!);
3213:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3169:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3126:(to cry out);
3107:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3053:
3050:
3042:
3041:
2983:
2980:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2882:
2869:
2861:
2860:
2790:multinfanulino
2750:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2737:(a container)
2731:(appletree );
2688:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2608:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2583:(a fraction);
2552:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2520:
2517:
2509:
2508:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2404:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2360:
2357:
2349:
2348:
2306:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2256:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2218:
2215:
2207:
2206:
2162:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2125:(to be born);
2112:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2062:
2051:
2043:
2042:
1994:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1937:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1752:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1726:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1670:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1508:(friendship);
1501:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1476:(believable);
1469:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1347:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1297:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1235:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1197:
1190:
1174:
1173:
1111:
1101:
1090:
1087:
961:
958:
845:
844:Word formation
842:
780:Main article:
777:
774:
738:L. L. Zamenhof
722:
721:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
679:
670:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
600:
595:
590:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
546:
544:Related topics
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
430:Pasporta Servo
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
386:
379:
378:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
328:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
285:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
237:
230:
223:
216:
211:
205:
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
167:
162:
156:
149:
148:
145:
144:
136:Esperanto flag
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7988:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7955:
7954:
7948:
7945:
7942:
7939:
7935:
7929:
7928:Plena Vortaro
7922:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7901:
7894:
7891:
7885:
7878:
7875:
7870:
7864:
7853:
7849:
7842:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7823:
7820:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7798:
7794:
7789:
7786:
7781:
7777:
7771:
7768:
7755:
7751:
7745:
7742:
7737:
7731:
7725:
7719:
7716:
7710:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7648:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7626:
7625:
7614:
7608:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7518:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7498:
7494:
7490:
7484:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7472:False friends
7471:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7454:
7453:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7424:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7405:
7398:
7394:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7362:
7359:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7340:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7295:
7285:
7279:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7259:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7244:
7235:
7233:
7231:
7227:
7222:
7216:
7206:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:'he/she' and
7186:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7131:
7125:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7101:
7090:
7085:
7079:
7073:
7067:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7036:
7032:
7027:
7023:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7008:
7007:
7002:
6993:
6992:
6986:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6967:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6940:
6939:la Rozeveltoj
6936:
6933:
6928:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6901:in Esperanto.
6900:
6895:
6889:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6870:
6864:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6840:
6835:
6829:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6797:
6791:
6788:
6787:malmultekosta
6782:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6760:
6754:
6748:
6742:
6736:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6718:
6715:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6693:
6687:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6667:
6663:"Joseph" and
6661:
6655:
6649:
6643:
6637:
6631:
6625:
6619:
6613:
6607:
6601:
6595:
6589:
6583:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6531:
6520:
6514:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6390:
6386:(concubine),
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6326:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6308:
6302:
6296:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6274:
6268:
6261:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6197:
6191:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5893:
5892:Kinship terms
5890:
5886:
5880:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5794:"billygoat",
5792:
5786:
5780:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5717:, as well as
5715:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5623:
5618:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5556:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5503:
5495:(What a man!)
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5210:
5202:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5168:which )
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5115:
5113:(everything)
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5080:
5078:(everyone's)
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5012:
5010:(everywhere)
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4929:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4768:
4767:genitive case
4763:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4723:
4717:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4703:interrogative
4699:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4115:Some examples
4114:
4112:
4109:
4103:
4099:(final), and
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4068:
4067:Reduplication
4062:Reduplication
4061:
4057:(conclusion).
4055:
4049:
4047:
4040:
4036:
4034:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3989:
3988:l, r, m, n, j
3985:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3506:(to repeat);
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3461:prahindeŭropa
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3197:Eks la estro!
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3024:'to marry');
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2675:(collective)
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2627:(a trilogy);
2625:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2263:(memorable);
2261:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:transitivizer
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1894:(a booklet);
1892:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1683:(talkative),
1681:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1456:(the 'boys')
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1067:(sight) from
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
998:(downwards);
996:
990:
984:
978:
973:
968:
959:
957:
954:
948:
943:
938:
932:
927:
922:
916:
912:), Japanese (
911:
906:
900:
895:
891:
886:
880:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
843:
841:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
805:
801:
800:a priori
797:
796:en masse
793:
789:
783:
775:
773:
770:
764:
758:
752:
747:
745:
744:
739:
735:
734:
729:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
695:
694:
686:
685:
680:
677:
676:
671:
668:
667:
662:
659:
658:
653:
650:
649:
644:
641:
640:
635:
632:
631:
626:
623:
622:
617:
612:
611:
605:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
579:
578:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
541:
540:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
471:
464:
463:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
384:
377:
376:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
333:
329:
327:
326:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
283:
276:
275:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
242:
238:
236:
235:
231:
229:
228:
224:
222:
221:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
203:
196:
195:
188:
185:
183:
180:
176:
172:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
154:
147:
146:
143:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
30:
26:
21:
20:
7941:Reta Vortaro
7921:the original
7916:
7913:"PV kaj PIV"
7877:
7852:the original
7847:
7834:
7826:PMEG, §4.3.
7822:
7814:
7804:
7800:
7792:
7788:
7780:the original
7770:
7758:. Retrieved
7754:bertilow.com
7753:
7744:
7718:
7644:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7619:
7618:
7615:Dictionaries
7582:(convenient)
7475:
7462:
7456:
7450:
7448:
7442:
7432:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7410:de novo
7409:
7406:
7403:
7386:
7384:
7371:
7365:
7363:
7355:
7341:
7322:
7290:
7246:, one gets,
7239:
7211:
7121:
7118:Contractions
7088:
7062:
7050:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7021:
7019:
7014:
7013:rather than
7010:
7004:
7001:Latin script
6998:
6966:Rozeveltidoj
6919:
6904:
6898:
6883:Proper names
6874:
6841:
6816:
6792:
6784:(cheap) for
6731:
6719:
6682:
6578:
6525:
6507:
6494:
6482:
6425:
6357:
6333:
6321:
6311:
6256:
6244:
6209:
6193:(stallion),
6178:
6119:
6081:
5975:
5966:(orphan) or
5936:(grandson),
5891:
5858:boys and men
5857:
5851:
5811:
5802:
5752:
5730:
5692:
5638:
5614:
5557:
5552:kioma etaĝo?
5518:
5498:
5477:
5429:
5423:
5405:
5385:
5360:
5346:
5320:
5309:
5298:
5263:
5252:
5206:
5182:some )
5175:that )
5146:(all of it)
5136:(that much)
5108:(something)
5103:(this/that)
5073:(someone's)
5005:(somewhere)
4764:
4727:
4710:
4692:
4670:
4658:
4641:
4615:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4578:correlatives
4575:
4572:Correlatives
4565:malsanulista
4397:malsanulisto
4250:, etc. from
4247:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4198:
4193:disliberiĝas
4188:
4065:
4045:
4032:
4009:
3987:
3980:*/rozɡolora/
3976:*/roskolora/
3966:assimilation
3958:
3927:
3923:
3917:pensi pri io
3911:pripensi ion
3904:
3833:
3778:(about) and
3682:(possibly),
3654:(opposite),
3642:derivational
3636:
3604:(muscular),
3565:
3554:'until' and
3521:reira bileto
3364:'to obey'),
3349:maldekstrume
3182:(a steer );
3168:former, ex-
3138:(to start);
2872:
2719:(England );
2379:Christianity
2231:(a mother);
2149:(to become)
2109:middle voice
2075:(to clean);
2001:(a kitten);
1900:(lukewarm);
1551:augmentative
1520:(goodness);
1222:(continual)
1194:imperfective
1148:(junk, from
1079:
1043:(mere) from
1036:
963:
941:
928:), Spanish (
925:
909:
899:Ornithologie
893:
889:
868:
866:
847:
837:
827:
817:
799:
795:
785:
751:borrow words
748:
741:
731:
725:
657:Vikikomunejo
532:Soviet Union
425:Encyclopedia
368:Zamenhof Day
353:Publications
330:
325:Libera Folio
323:
239:
232:
225:
218:
181:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
7947:vortaro.net
7733:'payable',
7641:vortaro.net
7610:(paragraph)
7526:(effective)
7465:Esperantido
7374:Esperantido
7160:(Esperanto)
7091:or Russian
7089:herausgeben
7040:Zamenhof-on
6839:continuants
6765:mallaborema
6741:malproksima
6633:"John" vs.
6410:prima donna
6292:(bull) and
6243:A word for
6030:(noble) or
5972:(relative).
5924:(brother),
5906:(husband),
5828:komencantoj
5769:participles
5751:"an English
5525:(eternal),
5515:Derivatives
5349:ĉiuj hundoj
5338:ĉiuj hundoj
5284:(that one)
5187:(everyone;
5173:(that one;
5131:(how much)
5083:(no one's)
5054:Association
5033:(thus, as)
4972:(sometime)
4934:therefore)
4716:Kiu ĉevalo?
4624:(then) and
4602:(when) and
4553:sanigilista
4541:malsanulino
4535:remalsaniĝo
4505:malsanemeco
4475:malsanulido
4457:malsanemulo
4439:resaniĝanto
4409:malsaneraro
4391:malsanulejo
4182:Esperantaĉo
4173:Esperantujo
3646:grammatical
3580:Guineafowls
3370:(opposite)
3282:(parents);
3075:disliberiĝi
3032:sister-wife
2993:boparenciĝi
2859:(a fellow)
2799:'many' and
2757:(a youth);
2417:(dentist);
2411:(teacher);
2374:kristanismo
2243:(a female)
2099:to become (
2087:(to cause)
1924:(slightly)
1832:lernejestro
1733:(payable),
1677:(playful),
1488:(possibly)
1482:(visible);
1334:(a member)
1284:(a thing);
1061:(then), or
992:(upwards),
947:le week-end
944:), French (
910:ornithology
896:), German (
840:(to rule).
792:Interlingua
675:Vikinovaĵoj
639:Vikifontaro
621:Vikivortaro
565:Homaranismo
299:Esperantujo
294:Esperantist
171:Orthography
7965:Categories
7760:25 January
7629:(English:
7554:(accurate)
7540:(eventual)
7428:Unua Libro
7356:Technical
7332:volapukaĵo
7053:expletives
6506:Words for
6348:(matron),
6332:Words for
6208:Words for
6140:leprechaun
6064:Hatshepsut
6012:(prince),
6006:(knight),
5954:(father),
5942:(nephew),
5930:(cousin),
5912:(fiance),
5856:Words for
5779:komencanto
5708:instruisto
5702:sekretario
5657:(father),
5341:(all dogs)
5303:(this one)
5268:(anything)
5257:(whatever)
5196:no )
5180:(someone;
5157:Individual
5118:(nothing)
5038:(somehow)
5028:(how, as)
5015:(nowhere)
4852:Indefinite
4846:Indication
4819:, forming
4807:ending in
4769:ending in
4732:ending in
4523:sanigilujo
4445:sanigilejo
4244:Fundamento
4202:ommatidium
4167:(hopeful )
4159:(hopeful )
4125:(a lover)
4038:(godlike).
3986:, such as
3892:multekosta
3856:birdokanto
3850:kantobirdo
3836:epenthetic
3660:(slight),
3648:suffixes:
3586:, such as
3530:'to go');
3491:rekonstrui
3291:gekelneroj
3285:gesinjoroj
3188:(former);
3156:(hop to!)
3104:perfective
2946:proksimume
2898:malvarmumo
2871:undefined
2805:'child');
2784:proksimulo
2775:"ABC's");
2533:(triply);
2527:(double);
2471:(granny);
2459:(Joanie);
2408:instruisto
2320:kandelingo
2278:plorindaĵo
2255:worthy of
2234:studentino
2193:(a tool);
2105:inchoative
2078:konstruigi
1878:diminutive
1791:ommatidium
1725:mandatory
1420:masculine
1319:samkursano
1104:pejorative
942:basketball
937:baloncesto
931:básquetbol
915:beesubooru
905:Vogelkunde
885:kaligrafio
808:root words
733:Unua Libro
684:Vikivojaĵo
666:Vikispecoj
648:Vikilibroj
630:Vikicitaro
593:Task force
469:By country
304:Literature
220:Unua Libro
182:Vocabulary
69:newspapers
32:This Page
7971:Esperanto
7911:(2008) .
7601:paragrafo
7531:eventuala
7445:creations
7431:of 1887.
7367:Esperant’
7345:krokodili
7252:maltrinki
7236:Word play
7174:'and/or')
6932:Roosevelt
6927:Rozevelto
6822:malgranda
6807:iconicity
6753:malbelega
6546:La Muzino
6503:(poulard)
6420:soubrette
6405:primadono
6400:odalisque
6389:meretrico
6295:minotaŭro
6135:leprekono
6069:faraonino
6000:(count),
5984:(baron),
5948:(uncle),
5492:Kia viro!
5330:ĉiu hundo
5325:(hither )
5194:(no one;
4977:(always)
4899:(such a)
4857:Universal
4854:("Some")
4842:("What")
4590:what kind
4582:pro-forms
4559:sanilista
4547:sanigista
4529:remalsano
4511:saniginda
4499:malsaneco
4487:malsanado
4469:malsanaro
4421:sanigisto
4415:sanigebla
4403:malsanero
4385:malsanema
4379:malsaneta
4373:malsaniĝi
4367:malsaniga
4361:malsanulo
4220:okularero
4133:(lovable)
4078:plenplena
3984:sonorants
3971:rozkolora
3830:Compounds
3751:senespera
3742:(to) and
3674:doohickey
3631:ŝtataligi
3601:muskoloza
3560:'sight')
3545:au revoir
3399:misfamiga
3319:malgranda
3259:Fi al vi!
3191:ekskutima
3090:(scram!)
2952:deksesuma
2922:dekstrume
2808:senindulo
2559:(half );
2551:fraction
2519:multiple
2477:(aunty);
2465:(mommy);
2447:feminine
2426:komunisto
2369:Communism
2364:komunismo
2293:(worthy)
2260:memorinda
2225:(a cow);
2059:causative
2021:Israelite
2016:izraelido
1850:usonestro
1844:centestro
1736:legendaĵo
1642:senakvejo
1468:possible
1438:(daddy);
1393:registaro
1325:samideano
1133:rigardaĉi
1016:(light),
995:malsupren
986:(light);
980:(heavy),
894:fraternal
890:brotherly
879:belskribo
833:registaro
757:komputilo
728:Esperanto
610:Vikipedio
582:Wikimedia
363:Profanity
343:Libraries
319:La Espero
227:Dua Libro
187:Etymology
165:Phonology
141:Esperanto
99:June 2019
7863:citation
7795:, § 309.
7665:See also
7579:oportuna
7559:kontroli
7517:efektiva
7497:embarasi
7272:malmanĝi
7133:or even
7094:издавать
7078:necesejo
6991:Zamenhof
6728:Antonyms
6666:Jozefino
6654:Johanino
6568:sirenino
6557:sea-cows
6491:(heifer)
6395:odalisko
6342:(lady),
6284:minotaur
6273:Bovoviro
6187:(buck),
6172:succubus
6161:inkubino
6130:cyclopes
6125:ciklopoj
6018:(king),
6003:kavaliro
5873:fraŭlino
5868:bachelor
5788:"bull",
5764:urbestro
5742:kristano
5729:"a rich
5666:gepatroj
5276:(that )
5233:such as
5207:Several
5063:(whose)
5000:(there)
4995:(where)
4982:(never)
4886:Quality
4862:Negative
4839:Question
4791:such as
4747:ĉiu tago
4707:relative
4650:(never)
4517:sanilujo
4493:sanulaĵo
4463:sanilaro
4451:sanigejo
4433:resanigi
4427:sanigilo
4164:esperema
4156:esperiga
4146:malameti
4141:(loving)
4122:amantino
4087:(full),
4054:konkludo
4025:(short).
4022:mallonga
3884:jarcento
3878:centjaro
3769:pripensi
3766:(hope);
3748:(come);
3672:(a
3575:numidedo
3572:seen in
3548:", from
3455:prahejmo
3449:prabesto
3443:prapatro
3393:misakuzi
3331:malplena
3279:gepatroj
3250:(vile);
3069:disatomi
3063:dissendi
3027:boedzino
3011:boedziĝi
2940:komunumo
2916:amindumi
2766:abocoulo
2760:sanktulo
2568:dekonaĵo
2492:la injoj
2420:abelisto
2414:dentisto
2338:kuglingo
2332:piedingo
2326:dentingo
2315:scabbard
2310:glavingo
2266:kredinda
2172:tranĉilo
1941:Meksikio
1838:urbestro
1807:morpheme
1680:parolema
1648:devenejo
1605:toponyms
1473:kredebla
1453:la iĉjoj
1432:(Jack);
1301:kristano
1251:glaciaĵo
1207:parolado
1172:(yuck!)
1121:veteraĉo
1115:skribaĉi
1049:(only),
972:antonyms
926:baseball
873:calquing
869:en masse
804:Solresol
790:such as
527:Slovakia
512:Malaysia
482:Bulgaria
209:Zamenhof
152:Language
7810:ŝipvelo
7730:pagenda
7573:konvena
7551:preciza
7545:akurata
7537:rezulta
7511:aktuala
7503:hontigi
7489:difekti
7443:De novo
7337:Volapük
7312:viringo
7194:'s/he')
7142:saluĝis
7124:Saluton
7111:slovar'
7106:словарь
7100:vortaro
7072:vortaro
6899:-o, -on
6857:malbona
6834:malmola
6703:epicene
6618:Mariino
6562:Sirenia
6559:(Latin
6533:(muse)
6500:pulardo
6478:), etc.
6431:amazono
6415:subreto
6383:hetajro
6345:matrono
6279:virbovo
6190:stalono
6156:incubus
6075:faraono
6059:faraono
6033:monarĥo
6021:sinjoro
5969:parenco
5918:(son),
5882:(boy),
5660:patrino
5617:epicene
5592:neniigi
5574:neniulo
5436:words:
5394:aliloke
5292:(those)
5151:(none)
5123:Amount
5098:(what)
5020:Manner
4967:(then)
4962:(when)
4919:Reason
4864:("No")
4355:malsani
4349:malsane
4343:malsana
4337:malsano
4325:sanisto
4242:In the
4226:okularo
4211:, from
4208:okulero
4102:fojfoje
4090:finfine
4012:vespero
3999:velŝipo
3952:voicing
3937:velŝipo
3870:ŝipvelo
3864:velŝipo
3805:aliĝilo
3727:ĉefurbo
3709:vidpova
3638:Lexical
3628:warm),
3619:varmala
3595:montoza
3515:rebrilo
3509:reaboni
3497:resalti
3485:resendi
3387:misloki
3325:malriĉa
3313:antonym
3241:fibesto
3229:fivorto
3223:fimensa
3179:eksbovo
3173:eksedzo
3111:ekbrilo
3057:disĵeti
3037:boamiko
3018:, from
2999:parenco
2987:bopatro
2934:mondumo
2928:kortumo
2910:brakumi
2904:plenumi
2892:krucumi
2875:suffix
2850:etulino
2844:kialulo
2838:tiamulo
2722:Kurdujo
2716:Anglujo
2710:abelujo
2630:kiomope
2562:centono
2530:trioble
2432:registo
2272:fidinda
2228:patrino
2217:female
2184:solvilo
2178:helpilo
2122:naskiĝi
2116:amuziĝi
2066:mortigi
1981:below)
1947:Niĝerio
1909:rompeti
1897:varmeta
1891:libreto
1856:estraro
1802:vortero
1796:usonero
1786:okulero
1780:lignero
1774:kudrero
1762:fajrero
1730:pagenda
1692:brulema
1686:kredema
1636:hundejo
1630:kuirejo
1618:vendejo
1612:lernejo
1576:varmega
1570:librego
1523:italeca
1505:amikeco
1479:videbla
1444:(bro);
1357:vortaro
1307:usonano
1263:aĉigaĵo
1239:manĝaĵo
1019:mallumo
983:malpeza
960:Affixes
854:affixes
776:Origins
763:komputi
760:, from
598:Outline
522:Romania
497:Hungary
477:Austria
358:Symbols
281:Culture
201:History
175:Braille
160:Grammar
83:scholar
7957:online
7736:paguta
7607:alineo
7596:(rent)
7593:lupago
7483:domaĝi
7452:Popido
7358:jargon
7352:Jargon
7306:virino
7275:(from
7258:trinki
7255:(from
7202:(from
7182:(from
7171:kaj/aŭ
7168:(from
7145:(from
7139:, and
7097:, and
7084:eldoni
7066:eldoni
7059:Idioms
7006:Gender
6915:"John"
6912:Johano
6817:slight
6689:(he),
6660:Jozefo
6648:Johano
6636:Johana
6630:Johano
6552:sireno
6541:Goethe
6519:femalo
6508:female
6471:sireno
6436:Amazon
6378:geisha
6351:megero
6307:maskla
6260:masklo
6250:masklo
6225:kapono
6220:eunuch
6215:eŭnuko
6167:sukubo
6151:Inkubo
6103:rabeno
6097:monaĥo
6054:mikado
6049:mikado
6046:) and
6027:nobelo
6009:princo
5981:barono
5909:fianĉo
5888:(man).
5863:fraŭlo
5822:angloj
5758:-estro
5726:riĉulo
5672:parent
5611:Gender
5546:iomete
5478:Also,
5397:(from
5149:neniom
5081:nenies
5046:neniel
4987:Place
4980:neniam
4947:nenial
4927:(why)
4881:neni–
4682:every-
4647:neniam
4642:answer
4588:, and
4481:nesana
4331:sanulo
4319:sanejo
4313:saniĝi
4307:sanigi
4301:sanilo
4295:saneco
4289:saniga
4130:aminda
4035:simila
3961:kolora
3799:grande
3763:espero
3733:alveni
3640:(i.e.
3607:poroza
3533:refoje
3503:rediri
3437:praavo
3337:malino
3235:fibuŝo
3217:fihomo
3129:ekvidi
3123:ekkrii
3021:edziĝi
2886:kolumo
2873:ad hoc
2802:infano
2778:mamulo
2754:junulo
2728:pomujo
2704:lavujo
2698:salujo
2692:monujo
2660:unuopa
2654:pogute
2648:gutope
2624:triopo
2524:duobla
2486:aminjo
2222:bovino
2166:ludilo
2128:ruĝiĝi
2072:purigi
2010:arbido
2004:reĝido
1998:katido
1979:gender
1974:male
1959:patrio
1953:Anglio
1915:boleti
1903:rideti
1885:dometo
1822:-estro
1768:neĝero
1756:ĉenero
1704:malema
1674:ludema
1624:juĝejo
1582:ridegi
1564:virego
1558:domego
1517:boneco
1447:amiĉjo
1441:fraĉjo
1375:ŝiparo
1369:ŝafaro
1363:homaro
1351:arbaro
1313:ŝipano
1257:bovaĵo
1245:novaĵo
1201:kuradi
1139:belaĉa
1127:domaĉo
1108:affect
1007:malami
989:supren
921:yakyuu
517:Poland
487:China
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
7855:(PDF)
7844:(PDF)
7724:-enda
7711:Notes
7587:rento
7523:efika
7463:(See
7433:(See
7372:(See
7294:-ingo
7278:manĝi
7264:urini
7230:below
7228:(see
7221:estas
7215:'stas
7205:estas
7199:'stas
7185:li/ŝi
6984:", or
6759:pigra
6747:turpa
6657:, or
6612:María
6606:Mario
6600:Mario
6536:nimfo
6476:siren
6466:nymph
6461:nimfo
6441:furio
6373:gejŝo
6368:almah
6363:almeo
6334:women
6289:taŭro
6196:taŭro
6108:rabbi
6092:abbot
6087:abato
5997:grafo
5957:vidvo
5951:patro
5945:onklo
5921:frato
5879:knabo
5816:bovoj
5791:kapro
5748:anglo
5714:-isto
5654:patro
5598:neni-
5589:, or
5583:plus
5580:neni-
5568:neni-
5540:kialo
5534:tiama
5522:ĉiama
5415:alies
5409:aliel
5379:alies
5373:aliel
5319:tien
5192:neniu
5116:nenio
5089:Thing
5013:nenie
4954:Time
4912:nenia
4693:some-
4653:neniu
4214:okulo
4138:amema
4084:plena
3781:pensi
3625:varma
3117:ekami
2826:ulaĉo
2820:aĉulo
2796:multa
2772:aboco
2636:arope
2618:po du
2612:duope
2586:onigi
2556:duona
2514:-obla
2480:vanjo
2462:panjo
2456:Jonjo
2398:-isto
2354:-ismo
2300:-ingo
2250:-inda
2196:ilaro
2134:aniĝi
2032:idaro
1977:(see
1720:-enda
1529:ecaro
1463:-ebla
1435:paĉjo
1429:Joĉjo
1399:-isto
1381:anaro
1157:aĉigi
1145:aĵaĉo
1052:tiama
1031:manki
826:from
823:teamo
816:from
507:Korea
502:Japan
309:Music
90:JSTOR
76:books
7931:and
7869:link
7762:2021
7565:regi
7300:-ino
7284:vomi
7243:mal-
7191:ŝ/li
7157:espo
6847:dura
6828:dura
6802:dura
6781:ĉipa
6775:mal-
6762:for
6750:for
6735:mal-
6651:and
6530:muzo
6488:guno
6456:Muse
6451:muzo
6446:Fury
6339:damo
6325:-ino
6312:-iĉo
6301:vira
6245:male
6237:-ino
6231:okso
6202:-ino
6184:boko
6145:-ino
6113:papo
6044:shah
6039:ŝaho
6015:reĝo
5992:czar
5987:caro
5963:orfo
5939:nevo
5933:nepo
5927:kuzo
5915:filo
5903:edzo
5885:viro
5797:koko
5785:bovo
5755:"),
5736:-ano
5733:"),
5720:-ulo
5696:-ino
5683:pope
5678:papo
5642:-ino
5628:-ino
5622:-ino
5604:-ig-
5586:-ulo
5528:ĉiea
5412:and
5400:loko
5388:Alie
5364:ali-
5308:tiu
5297:tiu
5289:tiuj
5251:kio
5239:and
5144:ĉiom
5134:tiom
5129:kiom
5126:–om
5076:ĉies
5066:ties
5061:kies
5058:–es
5041:ĉiel
5031:tiel
5026:kiel
5023:–el
4975:ĉiam
4965:tiam
4960:kiam
4957:–am
4942:ĉial
4930:tial
4925:kial
4922:–al
4878:ĉi–
4872:ti–
4869:ki–
4822:-ien
4781:and
4728:The
4705:and
4685:and
4621:tiam
4599:kiam
4576:The
4283:sanu
4277:sani
4271:sane
4265:sana
4259:sano
4253:sana
4232:vid-
4108:foje
4096:fina
4072:-eg-
4048:ludo
4044:konk
3823:-ilo
3817:-iĝ-
3745:veni
3721:urbo
3715:ĉefo
3703:povi
3697:vidi
3679:eble
3651:mala
3613:-ala
3589:-oza
3569:-edo
3557:vido
3427:pra-
3417:mise
3411:-ig-
3405:fama
3377:mis-
3367:mala
3361:obe-
3343:-ino
3307:mal-
3253:fie!
3185:eksa
3163:eks-
3141:ekde
3087:dis!
3081:-iĝi
3047:dis-
3005:-iĝi
2879:list
2866:-um-
2814:-ind
2744:-ulo
2682:-ujo
2642:-aro
2602:-ope
2592:-igi
2574:-aĵo
2546:-ono
2536:oble
2504:-ido
2498:-ino
2474:onjo
2468:anjo
2442:-njo
2387:(an
2384:ismo
2344:ingo
2290:inda
2284:-aĵo
2212:-ino
2202:-aro
2156:-ilo
2140:-ano
2094:-iĝi
2048:-igi
2038:-aro
2019:(an
1988:-ido
1969:-iĉo
1872:-et-
1862:-aro
1789:(an
1746:-ero
1710:mal-
1664:-ema
1598:-ejo
1545:-eg-
1535:-aro
1511:bono
1495:-eco
1485:eble
1415:-ĉjo
1387:-ano
1341:-aro
1291:-ano
1275:-igi
1272:and
1229:-aĵo
1186:-ado
1180:-adi
1163:-igi
1151:-aĵo
1098:-aĉ-
1082:stem
1070:vidi
1064:vido
1058:tiam
1040:nura
1025:suda
1013:lumo
977:peza
967:mal-
950:vs.
940:for
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